Academic literature on the topic 'Morpheme composition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Morpheme composition"
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Shen, Mingyang, and Baijia Miao. "The Determination of Morphemes in Chinese Words and a Special Type of Affix Morphemes in Chinese." International Theory and Practice in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.70693/itphss.v2i3.373.
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When the structure of Chinese bisyllabic words is examined by using the substitution method, three kinds of results can be obtained, namely, "morpheme+morpheme", "morpheme+syllable" and "syllable+syllable". Whether the result of "morpheme+syllable" is reasonable or not, there have been different opinions in the academic circles. In modern Chinese, morpheme refers to the smallest combination of sound and meaning, and the feature of "smallest unit" of morpheme determines that a morpheme cannot contain other independent morphemes. According to the traditional point of view, "butterfly" as a whole is regarded as a morpheme, and "蝶(dié)" of "蝴蝶(húdié,butterfly) "is also regarded as a separate morpheme, which is obviously not valid at the same time. Similarly, such a contradiction exists in the word formation of words like "苹果(píngguǒ,apple) " and "蟾蜍(chánchú,toad)" . Therefore, on the basis of the study of such special words in Chinese, this paper organises the composition forms of Chinese bisyllabic words, puts forward the principle of scientific division of morpheme composition in Chinese vocabulary, and considers a group of special syllables, such as "蝴(hú)", "螃(páng)" and so on, as a type of special affix morphemes, pointing out that "蝴(hú)" is a special class of morpheme. It is argued that a group of special syllables such as "蝴(hú)" and "螃(páng)" is a special kind of affix morpheme, and it is pointed out that the substitution method and the residual method should be combined and applied when discriminating morphemes in Chinese words.
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Mercado, Jomar G. "Morphological Analysis on the Level of Vocabulary Production of L2 Learners in Their Composition Writing." International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research 13, no. 1 (2025): 12–24. https://doi.org/10.37745/ijellr.13/vol13n11224.
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The study ventured on the level of vocabulary production of L2 learners. Ten essays became the source of data which content words used were subjected to morphological analysis (corpus-based approach). Results showed that the students used affixation in producing their vocabulary with almost half of their composition. They used bound morphemes (prefixes and suffixes). The learners could only attach one bound morpheme to a root, few on two morphemes, and very rare on three. The most common bound morpheme used was the suffix –s and morphemes be-, -cy, -est, extra-, fore-, -fy, -ic, -ish, -ity, -ive, -le, -ne, over-, re-, and –th being the least. Confined with one morpheme attachment, the learners had basic level of vocabulary production. They used mostly inflectional morphological skills. In conclusion, morphological awareness has a key role in vocabulary production of learners and findings may help English teachers strategize activities to increase learners’ morphological awareness.
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Nikolina, N. A., and Z. Yu Petrova. "Emancipation of affixes in modern literary speech." Russian language at school 86, no. 3 (2025): 61–67. https://doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2025-86-3-61-67.
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The article examines the emancipation of affixes, i. e. their separation from the morphemic composition of a word and their isolated use in context, using poetic and prosaic texts of the 19th–21st centuries. The article aims to identify the main stages of this process characteristic of Russian literary speech and to trace its history. The study uses descriptive and structural-semantic methods as well as word-formation analysis of lexical units. It is noted that emancipation in literary speech can be observed in different types of morphemes, primarily prefixes and suffixes. We have identified the types of affixes that are most frequently emancipated and lexicalised in texts. The paper concludes that morpheme emancipation in Russian literary speech has a long history: its examples are found in texts as early as in the first half of the 19th century. In modern literary speech, the use of emancipated affixes is becoming more extensive. We have identified several stages of morpheme emancipation, the last being morpheme lexicalisation, i. e., the final transformation of an affix into an independent lexical unit. It is shown that emancipated affixes can be combined in a text and form the basis of its composition, perform a text-forming function, and serve as a literary work title.
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Manihuruk, Leonita Maria Efipanias. "Error Analysis in Using Inflectional Morphemes Students’ Recount Text of English Students." IJECA (International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application) 5, no. 1 (2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v5i1.7783.
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Based on the explanation above, the researcher decides to conduct a research on inflectional morphemes errors in the recount text written by third semester students, this research is expected to identify of errors in using inflectional morphemes. So the researcher comes to the title “Error Analysis in Using Inflectional Morphemes Students’ Recount Text of English Students”. Based on definition above the researcher used a qualitative research because the researcher want to find out the types of errors in using inflectional morpheme in writing recount text of English students. The researcher taken one group of three groups of that English Department with consists of 30 students in a group. The study applied descriptive qualitative settled in collecting the case study that used to gain detail information concerning students’ error on inflectional morpheme in writing recount text. Based on the students writing recount text composition there are 106 errors. Based on the data, the writer classified the errors that occur into some categories as well: Addition, Omission, Misformation, and Misordering. The result of this research indicates that there are a number of errors made by third semester students of UHKBPNP English students in writing recount text using inflectional morpheme. Based on research finding, the researcher was concluded: “There are four types of errors commonly made by the students’ recount text using inflectional morpheme namely error of addition, omission, misformation, and misordering.
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Gabbaskyzy, Shaimerdinova Nurila. "A root morpheme in the Old Turkic language." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (2022): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-1-95-108.
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The old Turkic literary language was formed on the basis of ancient Turkic dialects. In the era of the ancient Turkic kaganates, the language of runic inscriptions as a single literary language was used by various Turkic tribes or unions of tribes – Kipchaks, Oghuz, Uighurs, Turgesh, Kirghiz. The internal structure of the old Turkic literary language has been sufficiently studied in terms of graphic, phonetic-phonological, lexical, morphological. However, the morpheme-derivative system of the language has been studied fragmentarily and inconsistently. The purpose of this article is to consider the structure of the old Turkic word, in particular, the potential of the root morpheme. The structure of the old Turkic word consists of a root and affixal morphemes, differentiated into derivational, inflectional and formative. A root morpheme is a sign unit, the content of which is encoded information embodied in the lexical meaning of the word. The meaning of the root is singular and concrete, in contrast to the abstract meanings of auxiliary morphemes. The root morpheme of the old Turkic language differs from the root morphemes of modern Turkic languages in a number of ways, and above all in the preservation of historical relics, primary monosyllabic and verb-nominal syncretism. In the process of the historical development of the structure of the Turkic word on the basis of monosyllabic, a new model of the root appears, along with which many types of non-derivative roots, three/four/five/six-syllable/seven-syllabic, function in the old Turkic language, which reveals the potential of non-derivative Turkic roots. Another feature of the old Turkic root is the variability of its sound-phonemic composition ((ил/ел; ир/эр/ ер; бен/мен, сен/син, ол/ул/у; мын/мин/мен/мун/мүн) il/el; ir/er/er; ben/men, sen/sin, ol/ul/u; myn/min/men/mun/mun), which is uncharacteristic for root morphemes of modern Turkic languages. Such diffuse changes are fundamentally due to the archaism of the proto-forms and the influence of ancient Turkic dialects.The root morpheme is the old Turkic language is an active participant in the act of word creation, representing a generating basis in the formation of derivative words with word-building affixes. The derivation of the root morpheme is also revealed in the formation of complex, paired words and combinations of words, typologically inherent in the Turkic languages both in diachrony and in synchrony.The root of the old Turkic word structure is the subject of a required article by the author.
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Jia, Xiaofei, Changle Zhou, and Tao Wang. "Semantic Relation Priming Is Not Constituent-Specific—Evidence from Electrophysiology." Brain Sciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071033.
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Compound words in psycholinguistics pose a significant challenge for researchers as their meaning involves more than the sum of their parts. The role of semantic relations in this process is crucial, and studies have reported a phenomenon known as relation priming. It suggests that previously encountered relations enhance the processing of subsequent words with the same relation. Notably, this priming effect is limited to cases where there is morpheme repetition between the priming and target words. In the present study, 33 samples from the target group were selected, and the within-subject design of 3 morphemes (modifier-shared, head-shared, non-repeated) × 2 relations (relation-same, relation-different) was adopted to explore whether the relation priming effect would occur without morpheme repetition and its time course. Significant relation priming effects were found in both behavioral and electrophysiological experimental results. These findings indicating relation priming can occur independently of morpheme repetition, and it has been activated at a very early stage (about 200 ms). As the word processing progresses, this activation gradually strengthens, indicating that the relation role is slowly increasing in the process of compound word recognition. It may first be used as context information to help determine the constituent morphemes’ meaning. After the meaning access of the constituent morphemes, they begin to play a role in the semantic composition process. This study uses electrophysiological technology to precisely describe the representation of relation and its time course for the first time, which gives us a deeper understanding of the relation priming process, and at the same time, sheds light on the meaning construction process of compounds.
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Л. П., Юздова. "МЕТОДИКА ОБУЧЕНИЯ УЧАЩИХСЯ ОСНОВНОЙ ШКОЛЫ МОРФЕМНОМУ АНАЛИЗУ ЛЕКСЕМЫ НА УРОКАХ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА". Журнал "Вестник Челябинского государственного педагогического университета", № 6 (19 жовтня 2018): 213–22. https://doi.org/10.25588/cspu.2018.74..6..016.
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Введение. В статье рассматривается методика проведения грамматического разбора - морфемного анализа лексемы. Грамматический разбор - вид анализа языковых единиц, среди которых одним из самых трудных и значимых является разбор слов по составу (морфемный анализ). Значимость морфемного анализа обусловлена тем, что для применения многих орфографических норм необходим навык разбора слов по составу. При осуществлении морфемного анализа, или разбора слова по составу с целью предотвращения ошибок необходимо придерживаться определенной методики. Материалы и методы. Основными методами и приемами изучения вопроса методики проведения морфемного анализа лексемы в основной школе стали анализ научной и методической литературы, обработка данных, обобщение, систематизация опыта работы, описание алгоритма морфемного анализа. Результаты. Раскрыта сущность морфемного анализа, описаны подходы к данному виду разбора, выявлены типичные ошибки, определена методика проведения анализа. Обсуждение . Морфемный анализ слова может осуществляться с двух позиций: с позиции структурной и с позиции структурно-семантической. Сущность формального подхода заключается в том, что сначала выделяется корень, затем морфемы, находящиеся до и после корневой морфемы. В ходе формального анализа обучающийся пытается найти знакомые ему ранее морфемы и на этом основании их выделяет. Этому способствует тот факт, что морфемы в основном однотипны и встречаемость их в других словах высока. Существует и другой подход - структурно-семантический, при котором подход к морфемному анализу лексемы более прогрессивный: в этом случае морфема рассматривается и как структурная, повторяемая единица, и как единица, имеющая лексическое и грамматическое значение, или только лексическое или грамматическое. Заключение. При морфемном анализе во избежание ошибок необходимо придерживаться методики учета как структурного деления лексемы на морфемы, так и значимости морфем в составе слова. Основные положения: - рассмотрена сущность морфемного анализа; - изучены особенности морфемного анализа лексем, трудности и типичные ошибки; - определена методика проведения морфемного анализа. Introduction. The article deals with the method of grammatical analysis-morphemic analysis of the lexeme. Grammatical analysis-types of analysis of language units, among which one of the most difficult and important is the analysis of words by composition (morphemic analysis). The importance of morphemic analysis is due to the fact that the use of many spelling rules requires the skill of parsing words by composition. In the implementation of morphemic analysis, or analysis of the word on the composition in order to prevent errors, it is necessary to adhere to a certain technique. Materials and methods. The main methods and techniques of studying the question of methods of conducting morphemic analysis of the lexemes in the basic school were the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, data processing, generalization, systematization of experience, the description of the algorithm of morphemic analysis. Results. The essence of morphemic analysis is revealed, approaches to this type of analysis are described, typical errors are revealed, the method of analysis is defined. Discussion. Morphemic analysis of the word can be carried out from two positions: from the position of structural and from the position of structural and semantic. The essence of the formal approach is that first the root is released, then the morphemes that are before and after the root morpheme. During the formal analysis, the student tries to find familiar morphemes and on this basis distinguishes them, this is facilitated by the fact that the morphemes are basically the same type and their occurrence in other words is high. There is another approach - structural and semantic, in which the approach to the morphemic analysis of the lexeme is more progressive: in this case, the morpheme is considered as a structural, repeatable unit, and as a unit having lexical and grammatical meaning, or only lexical or grammatical. Conclusion. Error-free division of the lexeme into significant parts (morphemes) is not possible without a consistent allocation of morphemes in it, taking into account their values, the relationship between the derivative and the producing word. Only the structural-semantic approach allows to eliminate the error in the morphemic division of the word as much as possible or completely. It is necessary to adhere to the proposed method using the algorithm of morphemic analysis of the word. Highlights: - the essence of morphemic analysis is considered; - the order of morphemic analysis is defined; - the features of morphemic analysis of lexemes, difficulties and typical errors were studied.
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Liakhnovitch, Tatiana L., and Tatiana V. Vashchekina. "Morpheme-Grammar Dictionary of Russian Verbs as a Means of Forming Intuitive Knowledge of the Language." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 21, no. 1 (2024): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2024-21-1-58-71.
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The study describes the principles of designing a morpheme-grammar dictionary of Russian verbs within the framework of systemic linguistics. As a working hypothesis for the creation of the dictionary the concept of G.P. Mel’nikov was chosen according to which the Russian verb, in addition to the binary category of aspect, also has a gradual “quantitative” category, which he proposed to name the category of action degree (CAD). The formal indicators of the grammatical meaning of the CAD are the suffixes -ну-, -Ø-, -e-, -и-, -ыва- . G.P. Mel’nikov believed that taking into account the CAD and highlighting a single stem in the verb paradigm after restoring the actual morphemic composition of each verb form would explain many irregularities in verb inflection and derivation. The analysis of the functioning of the CAD in modern Russian has shown that it has a great applied significance. Suffixes of CAD turned out to be a convenient criterion for dividing Russian verbs into morphological classes, which in turn have made it possible to present Russian verbs in an orderly manner in a lexicographic description. The article reveals the principles of morphemic analysis for identification of root and suffix allomorphs, provides a brief overview of morphological classes of verbs, and explains the structure of the dictionary entry which is a matrix. Matrix notation allows us to compactly represent all suffix and prefix forms of the verb in a systematic way, makes it possible to graphically show grammatical and morphological information as well as etymological and word-formation relationships within the verb system. Morphemic matrices have a high explanatory potential because they offer rich material for studying the mechanisms of word formation and observing the peculiarities of morpheme combinations. Morphemic matrices significantly expand the potential vocabulary, contribute to the development of a feeling for language, and facilitate the acquisition of morpheme-semantic intuition.
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Holmboe, Henrik. "Dansk radiærordbog." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 1, no. 1 (2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v1i1.21347.
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The Radial Dictionary of Danish makes it possible for its user to find all Danish words containing a certain string of characters, the minimum length of the string being two characters. This principle of arrangement prove show useful especially for the description of a language like Danish with very rich composition and derivation. The typical search string will be a morph or morpheme, and the radial arrangement of this dictionary allows you to find all words containing a certain morph or morpheme no matter whether its position is word initial, word internal or word final.
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Gulmera, Kuchimova. "FROM THE HISTORY OF STUDYING THE MORPHEME STRUCTURE OF THE WORD IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS." American Journal of Philological Sciences 4, no. 4 (2024): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume04issue04-09.
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Uzbek linguistics, at first, morphemics was not separated as a separate department, and later the issues studied in morphemics were included in the research of morphology at that time. Consequently, the issues within the scope of morphemics have been studied in our linguistics in the same narrow scope as the concepts of word structure and morphological structure of the word. Morphemics in traditional linguistics considered only the parts of the word consisting of the stem and the affix, and the grammatical function and meaning-carrying parts were considered. Due to the serious and large-scale research carried out later, our linguistics has passed the path of development from the description of the morpheme as an element in the morphological structure of the word to the morpheme-to-word principle. This article talks about the history of the study of the morpheme composition of words in Uzbek linguistics, research conducted by scientists and their results, research methodology.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Morpheme composition"
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Lloret, Linares Célia. "Pharmacologie de la morphine chez les sujets obèses avant et après chirurgie de l'obésité." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P627/document.
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Au cours de cette thèse, nous montrons que l’obésité est un facteur de variabilité pharmacodynamique et pharmacocinétique de la morphine. En particulier, l’absorption et l’exposition à la morphine orale augmentent de façon significative après chirurgie de type bypass gastrique. Nous démontrons le rôle du contenu entérocytaire en transporteur d’efflux P-gp, dans la détermination de l’absorption et de l’exposition à la morphine<br>In this thesis, we show that obesity is a factor of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic morphine variability. In particular, absorption and exposure to oral morphine increases significantly after gastric bypass surgery . We demonstrate the role of enterocyte content of efflux transporter P-gp in determining the absorption and exposure to morphine
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Lloret-Linares, Célia. "Pharmacologie de la morphine chez les sujets obèses avant et après chirurgie de l'obésité." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955959.
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Au cours de cette thèse, nous montrons que l'obésité est un facteur de variabilité pharmacodynamique et pharmacocinétique de la morphine. En particulier, l'absorption et l'exposition à la morphine orale augmentent de façon significative après chirurgie de type bypass gastrique. Nous démontrons le rôle du contenu entérocytaire en transporteur d'efflux P-gp, dans la détermination de l'absorption et de l'exposition à la morphine.
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Kwok, Leung Lai-wan Peony, and 郭梁麗蘊. "An analysis of the possible effect of the order of instruction ofEnglish grammatical morphemes on the order of difficulty as derivedfrom written compositions of Chinese adolescent ESL learners." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31948789.
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Kwok, Leung Lai-wan Peony. "An analysis of the possible effect of the order of instruction ofEnglish grammatical morphemes on the order of difficulty as derived from written compositions of Chinese adolescent ESL learners." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12323597.
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Řepíková, Kamila. "Prefixace v současné španělštině." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351920.
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This diploma thesis takes a comprehensive look at the matter of prefixation in contemporary Spanish and it is therefore divided into two parts. In the first one, we occupy ourselves with the area of constructional morphology and tackle theoretical matters. From the more general topics of word formation we then proceed to prefixation itself which we then attempt to define and describe in more detail. We outline the issues of concept delimitations, definition of prefixation, classification of prefixes and other controversial matters related to this process in the Spanish language. The second part of the thesis is of a more practical nature. There, we focus on the semantic meanings (locative and gradative) some prefixes may acquire. We then concentrate on specific prefixes (entre-, inter-, sobre-, super-), their distribution among word classes, and finally, using InterCorp, a parallel language corpus, we study Czech equivalents of selected elements.
Books on the topic "Morpheme composition"
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Kousiourēs, Kōstas. Hē domē tou logou kai ho synchronos provlēmatismos stēn ekthesē ideōn analytikēs morphēs. 2nd ed. Ekd. Grēgorē, 1988.
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Slavin, Tanya. Verb stem formation and event composition in Oji-Cree. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778264.003.0012.
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This chapter investigates the structure of the verb stem in Oji-Cree, a dialect of the Algonquian language Ojibwe. It argues that a stem constitutes an independent semantic domain that corresponds to an event. This conception of stems explains why certain roots, called weak roots, must be preceded by modifiers, thereby satisfying a so-called left-edge requirement, while other roots, called strong roots, have no such requirement. Weak roots are semantically deficient and the obligatory pre-radical modifier is necessary to create a complete event. In contrast, an (optional) modifier before a strong root has scope over a complete event. The difference is illustrated by the morpheme /caaki/ ‘all’. When it combines stem-internally, its scope is restricted to internal arguments. However, when it combines stem-externally, it can have a quantificational reading with scope over an external argument. The semantic difference between stem-internal and stem-external composition is also correlated with some phonological differences.
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Chafe, Wallace. CADDO. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.33.
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Caddo is a member of the Caddoan language family, which includes also Wichita, Kitsai, Pawnee, and Arikara. Its verbs are typically polysynthetic, with a base composed of a variety of elements that include incorporated noun roots and various derivational prefixes and suffixes. This base is accompanied by pronominal prefixes expressing person and number and their role as agents, patients, or beneficiaries. Unusual is the division of these pronominal prefixes into realis and irrealis sets that have scope over an entire event or state. The base is followed by suffixes expressing tense and aspect. Caddo is not only polysynthetic but also highly fusional as a result of extensive sound changes that have obscured morpheme boundaries as well as resemblances between different parts of a paradigm. Morphological analysis requires the internal reconstruction of an earlier stage of the language when the composition of a verb was more transparent.
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Nunes, Terezinha, and Peter Bryant. Improving Literacy by Teaching Morphemes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Nunes, Terezinha, and Peter Bryant. Improving Literacy by Teaching Morphemes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Nunes, Terezinha, and Peter Bryant. Improving Literacy by Teaching Morphemes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Mattissen, Johanna. Nivkh. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.47.
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Nivkh (Paleosiberian group), spoken on the lower reaches of the Amur River and on Sakhalin island in Siberia by a few hundred speakers in four main varieties, but rapidly dying out, is a polysynthetic head-marking but configurational SOV language, with defective polypersonalism, noun incorporation, verb root serialization, and complex noun forms. Its dominant structural principle and characteristic design is dependent-head-synthesis, with dependents lexically head-marked and still referentially active. Nivkh displays compositional polysynthesis with a mixed internal structure, as the suffixal domain of a word-form may be described by a template, whereas the pre-root domain is scope-ordered due to dependent chaining. The evolutionary path of complex forms is best conceived of as coalescence of formerly adjacent words. Morphophonemic processes at the word-internal morpheme boundaries, especially consonant dissimilation and assimilation, and bound allomorphs prove the wordhood of the complexes. Non-root bound morphemes encode modalities, degree, scalar, and focus operators and phase of action.
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Bassene, Mamadou, and Ken Safir. Theory and Description. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0012.
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Jóola-Eegimaa, an endangered Atlantic (Niger-Congo) language, has a rich agglutinative morphology resulting in complex words that often permit multiple readings. The regularity and limitations of these ambiguities suggests they are generated by a speaker’s systematic knowledge. Preserving that knowledge demands not simply cataloguing outward forms but also understanding the organizing principles that permit using that knowledge creatively. Investigation of Eegimaa verb stem structure shows that the superficial linear order of stem affixes, seemingly not compositionally transparent, arises from syntactic movement of sub-stem morphemes in a way that preserves the underlying structure necessary for compositional interpretation. Under this analysis a copy of complex v movement is left behind and has the right contents to predict patterns of possible and impossible verb reduplication. Such research can reveal how general features of the language faculty interact with specific lexical properties of morphemes to predict the order and interpretation of verb stem morphology.
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Mattissen, Johanna. Sub-Types of Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.5.
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The structural heterogeneity of polysynthetic languages is captured by a sublassification of allegedly polysynthetic languages according to their word-formational type (number of roots allowed in a verb form), namely, compositional, transitional, or affixal, and their internal organization (template vs. scope or both). Further parameters show correlations to these independent ones: the number of participants encoded on a verb, the imaginable evolutionary path via which the structure has come about, namely layering (“onion type”), internal expansion (“sandwich type”) or coalescence (“burdock type”), and the characteristic design of a complex verb form: Grammatical category accumulation (integration of non-obligatory, rather grammatical information); ping-pong recategorization (multiple verbalization and nominalization); productive in/excorporation; dependent-head synthesis; multiple packing (integration of rather lexical information); holophrasis (all wordforms being predicates—or particles); composite-stem layout (composite root-like morphemes, unitary concept); and building-block design (multiple classifer-like morphemes make up a wordform). The classification along these parameters reconciles conflicting approaches to polysynthesis.
Book chapters on the topic "Morpheme composition"
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Maiden, Martin. "The verbs ‘rain’ and ‘snow’ in Gallo-Romance, and other morphological mismatches in diachrony." In Variation and Change in Gallo-Romance Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840176.003.0018.
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The historical morphology of the verb ‘snow’ in Francoprovençal presents a conundrum, in that it is clearly analogically influenced by the verb ‘rain’, for obvious reasons of lexical semantic similarity, but the locus of that influence is not the ‘root’ (the ostensible bearer of lexical meaning) but desinential inflexion-class members, which are in principle independent of any lexical meaning. Similar morphological changes are also identified for other Gallo-Romance verbs. It seems, in effect, that speakers can identify exponents of the lexical meaning of word-forms in linear sequences larger than the apparent ‘morphemic’ composition of those word-forms, even when such a composition may seem prima facie transparent and obvious. It is argued that these facts are inherently incompatible with ‘constructivist’, morpheme-based, models of morphology, and strongly compatible with what have been called ‘abstractivist’ (‘word-and-paradigm’) approaches, which generally take entire word-forms as the primary units of morphological analysis.
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Harris, Alice c. "The Problem and the Approach." In Endoclitics and the Origins of Udi Morphosyntax. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199246335.003.0001.
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Abstract At its core, this is a book about what a word is. Many linguists have assumed the correctness of the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis, the hypothesis that words are composed according to morphological principles that differ in kind from the syntactic principles responsible for the composition of sentences. According to this hypothesis, the morphological composition of a word is not accessible to the rules of syntax, and items manipulated by syntactic rules (i.e. words) cannot be manipulated by the morphology (see, for example Di Sciullo and Williams 1987, Bresnan and Mchombo 1995). The facts of Udi challenge these basic assumptions. In this language, person markers (PMs) may occur between the bound morphemes of a verb, as for example the third person singular PM -ne-in aš-ne-b-sa [work-3SG-DO-PRES] ‘she works’, which may not be so surprising, but also inside a monomorphemic verb, as in e-ne-f-sa ‘she keeps (it)’, where -ne-splits the unanalyzable morpheme ef-‘keep’. The problem is that the rules that position -ne- and other PMs must be in part syntactic rules, given that PMs may occur on words outside the verb, as in (1). (In (1a) -ne is attached to the noun yaq’ ‘road’ used adverbially, while in (1b) it is attached to the noun ait, the direct object of the sentence.)
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Honeck Martin, Hahn Udo, Klar Rüdiger, and Schulz Stefan. "Text Retrieval Based on Medical Subwords." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2002. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-934-9-241.
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In biomedical documents, there is ample evidence for complex morphological structures in specialized terms. While inflection is relatively easy to deal with, productive morphological processes such as derivation and single-word composition constitute a major challenge. Considering the problem from an information retrieval perspective, we split morphologically complex words into biomedically significant, morpheme-like subwords and match subwords the query terms and document terms are composed of. This way, morphologically motivated word form alterations can be eliminated from the retrieval procedure. Based on a series of retrieval experiments, we have gathered evidence that subword-based indexing and retrieval &ndash; for the German biomedical sublanguage, at least &ndash; outperforms conventional string matching approaches.
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Ruskulis, Liliia. "THE FEATURES OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTAX SUB-COMPETENCIES FORMATION AS THE COMPONENTS OF THE GRAMMAR COMPETENCE." In Modern science: prospects, innovations and technologies. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-473-3-28.
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The article emphasizes that learning grammar is the basis for awareness of the language integrity, its systematicity, the specifics of the lexical and grammatical classes of parts of speech, their distinguishing features and understanding of peculiarities of the syntactic language structure. The close connection of grammar with phonetics and vocabulary of the Ukrainian language has been clarified. The current Ukrainian language program has been analysed in order to determine the amount of information that pupils learn. The concept of "grammatical competence" has been studied and it has been determined as the level of mastering the grammatical system of language (morpheme word structure, types of morphemes, word formation methods, morphological and syntactic structure of the Ukrainian language), operation of terminological apparatus, systematic mastering of grammatical concepts and means of expression of grammatical categories on the basis of fundamental knowledge from all levels of the Ukrainian language, "sense" of grammatical form, ability to use the acquired grammatical knowledge in the process of speech activity. It has been found out that during the formation of the morphological sub-competence the main tasks are the following: developing a clear idea about the system of morphological groups of words, the syntactic function of words in word combinations and sentences; clarifying the composition of parts of speech, dividing them into independent and service parts, selection of exclamations in a special part of speech; awareness of the general meaning and grammatical categories of parts of speech; features of the use of parts of speech and of their grammatical categories in speech according to stylistic affiliation statement; ensuring of understanding of the word change forms and correct use of them to construct sentences and phrases. It has been proved that the formation of syntactic sub-competence involves learning information about the syntactic structure of the language, word combinations and sentences; separation of the main and dependent words, definition of sentence members; distinguishing sentences by structure, awareness of the main features of complex syntactic unit and laying the groundwork for learning punctuation. It is emphasized that the clarification of the linguistic foundations of teaching the school course of morphology and syntax makes it possible to single out general didactic and specific approaches, patterns, principles and methods of learning, in particular, to choose an effective system of exercises.
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Lovestrand, Joseph. "Motion and complex predicates in LFG." In Barayin Morphosyntax. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851158.003.0007.
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This chapter extends the s-structure analysis of Deictic SVCs in Barayin to semantically similar constructions in Choctaw (Broadwell 2000) and Wambaya (Nordlinger 2010). Both languages have morphemes expressing directionality or associated motion that combine with a verb as a co-predicate. Previous LFG analyses have treated these as cases of predicate composition based on work of Alsina (1993) and Butt (1995), and both have used Lexical Conceptual Structures (Jackendoff 1990) to model the semantic composition. In this chapter, the constructions are reanalyzed as cases of argument sharing in a connected s-structure. The semantics of the Choctaw motion co-predicates suggests an alternate conceptualization of motion meaning in s-structure, and this alternate view is applied to Barayin and Wambaya.
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Gooch Philip and Roudsari Abdul. "Automated Recognition and Post-Coordination of Complex Clinical Terms." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-709-3-8.
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One of the key tasks in integrating guideline-based decision support systems with the electronic patient record is the mapping of clinical terms contained in both guidelines and patient notes to a common, controlled terminology. However, a vocabulary of pre-coordinated terms cannot cover every possible variation &ndash; clinical terms are often highly compositional and complex. We present a rule-based approach for automated recognition and post-coordination of clinical terms using minimal, morpheme-based thesauri, neoclassical combining forms and part-of-speech analysis. The process integrates MetaMap with the open-source GATE framework.
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Frajzyngier, Zygmunt, and Marielle Butters. "Introduction." In The Emergence of Functions in Language. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844297.003.0001.
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The introduction states the main question of the book and sets the theoretical basis of the study; namely that every language codes a unique semantic structure in its grammatical system. This semantic structure consists of functional domains and subdomains, and each subdomain consists of a finite number of functions. The functional domains, subdomains, and functions can change over time. Even if languages have identical functional domains, the internal composition of these domains may vary. Every language contains a finite number of coding means such as lexical categories and derivational morphology, linear orders, phonological means, inflectional morphology, deployment of lexical items to code grammatical functions, including serial verb constructions, adpositions, and free grammatical morphemes. The role of the formal means is to allow for the realization of the functions from the semantic structure of the language and to assure the principle functional transparency.
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Lee-Holmes, Rue. "Musical Creativity, Mobile Technology, and Middle School." In Creative Music Making at Your Fingertips. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078119.003.0009.
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The chapter focuses on examining musical creativity in middle school general music by the use of digital technology, from the perspective of a middle school music teacher who is working with digital natives. It provides practical lesson plans concerning the use of digital audio workstation (DAW) apps and Chrome Music Lab apps to compose music, music notation apps for notating compositions, and ScratchJr for creating music tutorials. Tablets and hand-held devices are morphed into tools for adolescents to express their creative musicianship, leading to a transformation of a middle school general music class.
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Wheeler, Max W. "The Syllabification of Pronominal Clitics." In The Phonology of Catalan. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199258147.003.0011.
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Abstract The system of pronominal (anaphoric) clitics is possibly the most complex element of Catalan grammar. There are fourteen clitic elements, most of which are polysemous to some degree. They frequently occur in combination, up to six at a time, in theory (Bonet 2002: 976). Combinations of more than three pronominal clitics are unusual, but most clauses in spontaneous speech contain one or two pronominal clitics. In addition to the complexities arising from polysemy, there are complexities due to the fact that clitic sequences are often not straightforwardly compositional. Some of the clitics are morphologically complex—for example, in the 3pl dative clitic represented here as elzithree morphemes can be clearly identified: /l/ ‘3rd person’ / +z/ ‘plural’ and / +i/ ‘dative/locative’. There is very considerable dialect variation, in the forms of the clitics, in their ordering, and in their syntactic functions. And—what concerns us specifically here—there is substantial contextual variation in their phonological realization, within individual dialects. In this chapter I deal mostly with the system found in Barcelona and the surrounding area. I concentrate on matters of phonological realization of given clitics or clitic sequences, ignoring entirely the syntactic and morphological questions relating to how the sequences are composed. A comprehensive survey of the form and functions of Catalan clitics, with attention to dialect variation, is given in Bonet (2002).
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Morrow, Gary W. "Biosynthesis of Alkaloids and Related Compounds." In Bioorganic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199860531.003.0010.
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Though definitions may vary from source to source, the term alkaloid generally refers to members of a large set of naturally occurring, slightly basic (i.e., alkaline) nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Generally excluded from this group are amino acids, peptides, proteins, N-containing carbohydrates, and nitrogenous bases used in the construction of nucleotides. Though a small number are produced by animals or microorganisms, the vast majority of alkaloids are plant-produced compounds possessing a remarkably diverse range of structural features, from simple cycloaliphatic amines to highly complex polycyclic N-heterocycles. Some representative alkaloids are shown in Fig. 7.1. Alkaloid-containing plants and their extracts have been used by humans for thousands of years, mainly on the basis of their stimulant, therapeutic, or poisonous properties. References to plants containing compounds such as morphine (from opium poppies), strychnine (from seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree), ephedrine (from the plant Ephedra chinensis), and coniine (from the poison hemlock plant) may be found in some of our earliest known writings. Today, it has been estimated that the health care of over 5 billion people worldwide benefits from the use of plant-based medicinal agents, many of which are alkaloids. With that in mind, it is worth noting concerns that deforestation, environmental damage, large-scale development, and unregulated harvesting programs may ultimately lead to the extinction of hundreds of known medicinal plants and perhaps even more whose medicinal properties have yet to be discovered, thereby endangering the prospects for future discoveries of new curative agents for the benefit of all humankind. As a scientific field, alkaloid chemistry itself dates back to the early 1800s with the first isolation of pure crystalline morphine from opium. This milestone achievement allowed the delivery of accurate, therapeutic doses of a drug that was immensely valuable for the relief of pain but which could also lead to fatal overdoses when administered from simple extracts of variable composition and strength. The subsequent rapid development of increasingly sophisticated techniques for the isolation and purification of the active components (often alkaloids) from many other medicinal plants essentially spawned the field of organic chemistry.
Conference papers on the topic "Morpheme composition"
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Edmiston, Daniel, and Karl Stratos. "Compositional Morpheme Embeddings with Affixes as Functions and Stems as Arguments." In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Relevance of Linguistic Structure in Neural Architectures for NLP. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-2901.
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Demblon, A., J. H. Mabe, and I. Karaman. "Extending the Fatigue Life of NiTiHf High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys through Partial Thermal Cycling." In SMST2022. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.smst2022p0036.
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Abstract NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) are being used in an ever-growing array of applications, specifically in the aerospace and automotive industries. One of the difficulties facing further implementation is ensuring the actuation fatigue lifetime is sufficiently long as to prevent the HTSMA components from being a limiting factor to the mean time between failures of a system. Another potential problem for widespread use is the deterioration of actuation stroke during lifetime, which can be problematic when attempting to have a high-fidelity repeatable design. One way of solving these issues is to optimize the microstructure through careful control of composition, processing, and heat treatments. Current research shows composition of large-scale productions is incredibly difficult to control, and small deviations in composition (~0.1 at.% Ni) can result in changes in transformation temperature by 50?C or more. Four NiTiHf compositions were investigated. The initial goal to simply extend the actuation fatigue lifetime and provide a stable actuation response morphed into determining material factors that influence the actuation response of partially cycled samples.
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Radčenko, Marina. "FEATURES OF WORD FORMATION IN CONTEMPORARY MASS MEDIA TEXTS (IN RUSSIAN AND CROATIAN LANGUAGE)." In Aktuální problémy výuky ruského jazyka XIV. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9781-2020-14.
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The article analyses features of word formation in contemporary Russian and Croatian mass media texts. Active types, models and morphemes of word formation system used in both languages are determined. A comparative analysis of the ways of forming new words shows that occasionalisms in both languages can be created by conventional methods, such as affixation and composition or by non-conventional ways of word formation (contamination, derivation according to a specific pattern, graphoderivation).
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Wouters, Katinka, Hugo Moors, and Natalie Leys. "Boom Clay Borehole Water, Home of a Diverse Bacterial Community." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96222.
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For over two decades, Boom Clay has been studied in the framework of geological disposal of nuclear waste thereby mainly addressing its geochemical properties. Today, also the microbiological properties and the possibility of microbes interacting with radionuclides or repository components including the waste form, in a host formation like Boom Clay are considered [2,3]. In the past, a reference composition for synthetic Boom Clay pore water (BCPW) was derived, based on interstitial water sampled from different layers within the Boom clay [1]. Similarly, the primary aim of this microbiological study was to determine the core BCPW bacterial community and identify representative water samples for future microbial directed lab experiments. In this respect, BCPW was sampled from different Boom Clay layers using the Morpheus piezometer (Fig. 1) and subsequently analysed by microscopy and molecular techniques, in search for overall shared and abundant micro-organisms.
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CHITIALA, Roxana Delia, George-Alexandru MARIN, Ionut-Iulian LUNGU, Ana Flavia BURLEC, and Oana CIOANCA. "Lespedeza capitata: from legume to medicine." In "Instruire prin cercetare pentru o societate prosperă", conferinţă ştiinţifico-practică internaţională. Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46727/c.v1.16-17-05-2024.p175-180.
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Plant extracts have been pivotal in medicine and pharmacognosy for centuries, housing an array of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. This field, dedicated to exploring the medicinal properties of natural products, delves into the varied chemical compositions of these extracts. From ancient remedies to modern pharmaceuticals, they have been indispensable in healthcare. Numerous drugs, including aspirin and morphine, find their roots in plant sources. Today, extracts obtained from plants like ginseng, echinacea, and turmeric are esteemed for their immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties. Lespedeza capitata, a legume native to the Americas is the focus of this article thanks to its compounds which have shown promising results. Our results showed that this species contains various polyphenols with good antioxidant properties. Herbal remedies often capitalize on the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of plant extracts. Additionally, phytochemicals within these extracts offer promising avenues for treating diverse ailments, from diabetes to cancer. Standardized extraction processes guarantee the potency and uniformity of medicinal plant products, further bolstering their reliability in healthcare. Ongoing research into plant extracts continues to reveal their therapeutic potential, fostering novel drug discoveries and advancements in global healthcare.
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Seile, Elza. "The Impact of Students’ Morphological Awareness: Systematic Literature Review." In 82nd International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2024.26.
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In the Latvian education system and society, concerns are growing about students’ language competencies, including grammar. The relevance of these problems is also reflected in societal concerns about insufficient grammar skills and a lack of systematicity in the teaching content. Grammar is a system that includes word formation, morphology and syntax. Mastery of the grammatical systems of native languages is one of the most critical conditions for fully developing a child’s/scholar’s speech and mental abilities; however, it is essential to understand how precisely the comprehension of some regions of grammar influences language usage. Therefore, the research question is – how is “morphological awareness” defined in international literature and what domains of native language use are impacted by it? A systematic literature analysis, with a focus on global perspectives, was conducted to answer this question. The study aimed to clarify the explanation of morphological awareness in international literature (comparing it to what is used in Latvian grammar) and determine its role in using the native language. A comprehensive review of studies from 2003 to 2024 published in the Scopus database was conducted for this study. The material was selected using the keywords “morphological awareness/competence”. Using strict inclusion (articles published between year 2003 and 2024, articles in English) and exclusion criteria (not related to native language acquisition, language not belonging to the Indo-European language family, not focusing on school-aged children, focusing only on students with learning disabilities), 23 articles (from the USA, the UK, Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Canada, Norway, Germany, Netherlands) on morphological awareness were selected. These articles were then meticulously analysed, ensuring a thorough and reliable research process, using thematic analysis, focusing on their primary results and conclusions. The article summarises the research results on language domains influenced by morphology and explains the use of morphological awareness in foreign scientific literature. The term mentioned in the analysed studies is primarily related to identifying word composition and realising the meanings of morphemes. Analysing studies on students’ morphological awareness in several Indo-European language families (English, German, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, and Norwegian), it is concluded that it significantly affects reading comprehension, writing, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Its importance is particularly significant in languages with deep orthography.