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Journal articles on the topic 'Morphogenetic impacts of agriculture'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zubairova, U. S., and A. V. Doroshkov. "Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 19, no. 6 (December 18, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/10.18699/vj18.32-o.

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The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stressinduced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.

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2

Zubairova, U. S., and A. V. Doroshkov. "Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 7 (November 9, 2018): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.32-o.

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The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stress-induced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.

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3

Webb, Leanne. "Impacts on agriculture." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 125, no. 1 (2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs13012.

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p>Agricultural production in Victoria includes the dairy, lamb and mutton, grains and perennial and annual horticultural sectors, with Victorian farmers contributing a major proportion of the Australian production total in many of these sectors. All these industries are exposed in different ways to weather and climate extremes. With projected warming of approximately 0.8°C by 2030 and by 1.4–2.7°C by 2070 (emissions dependent), and most climate models indicating reduced rainfall for the Victorian region (median of model results projecting a reduction of 4% by 2030 and 6%–11% by 2070; emissions dependent), a range of sectorspecific impacts could result. Increases in extreme events, such as heatwaves (e.g. for Mildura, days >35°C could nearly double from 32 to 59 annually by 2070), bushfires and drought, as well as an increased chance of extreme rainfall are all anticipated. Increasing frequencies of extreme events have the potential to affect agricultural production more than changes to the mean climate. For example, the exceptional heatwave that occurred in south-eastern Australia during January and February 2009 resulted in unprecedented impacts, with significant heat-stress related crop losses reported at many sites. Flooding in 2011 was also very costly to Victorian farmers with many crops being lost in the floodwaters and reduced agricultural production costing an estimated Au$500–600 million. Responses to climate variability already practised by the farming sector will inform some adaptation options that will assist farmers to cope in an increasingly challenging environment. As well as taking advantage of their underlying resilience, initiatives aimed at increasing the adaptive capacity of farmers are being implemented at many levels in agricultural communities.

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4

Watt, David L., and Bruce L. Dahl. "ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE." Impact Assessment 10, no. 2 (June 1992): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349165.1992.9725803.

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5

Krishna Kumar, K., K. Rupa Kumar, R. G. Ashrit, N. R. Deshpande, and J. W. Hansen. "Climate impacts on Indian agriculture." International Journal of Climatology 24, no. 11 (August 26, 2004): 1375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1081.

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6

Gregor, Howard F., Ernest A. Engelbert, and Ann Folley Scheuring. "Water Scarcity: Impacts on Western Agriculture." Economic Geography 63, no. 2 (April 1987): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144158.

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7

Hatfield, J. L. "Sustainable Agriculture: Impacts on Nonpoint Pollution." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0444.

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Current agricultural practices are thought to contribute to nonpoint source pollution because of large inputs of pesticides and fertilizers and intensive cultivation and crop production. Trends towards sustainable practices which involve crop rotations, alternative weed and pest control measures, use of manure as fertilizers, and crop residues can lead to improved resource management. Sustainable agricultural systems should be viewed not as a reversion to past systems but as adoption of systems which promote efficient resource management and improved efficiency in the use of natural resources. Many of the aspects currently considered to be sustainable agricultural practices will lead to decreased nonpoint source pollution on both the field and landscape scale. There are large changes in the physical, chemical, and biological factors which promote these reductions. The net result of adoption of these practices will be improved environmental quality; however, to realize this benefit will require both educational efforts and improved decision making tools to aid in the management decisions required in agriculture.

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8

Bultena, Gordon, and F. Larry Leistritz. "INTRODUCTION: SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE." Impact Assessment 10, no. 2 (June 1992): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349165.1992.9725795.

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9

Furtan, Hartley. "Environment Impacts of Agriculture Policy: Abstract." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 39, no. 4 (December 1991): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1991.tb03609.x.

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10

Carman, Hoy F. "Tax Reform Impacts on Agriculture: Discussion." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 69, no. 5 (December 1987): 1027–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242253.

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11

Chalfant, James A. "Tax Reform Impacts on Agriculture: Discussion." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 69, no. 5 (December 1987): 1029–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242254.

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12

Zeid, Mahmoud Abu, and Asit K. Biswas. "IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER QUALITY." Water International 15, no. 3 (January 1990): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069008687133.

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13

Kalra, Naveen, Subhash Chander, H. Pathak, P. K. Aggarwal, N. C. Gupta, Mukesh Sehgal, and Debashis Chakraborty. "Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture." Outlook on Agriculture 36, no. 2 (June 2007): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000007781159903.

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14

Wrest Park History Contributors. "Chapter 11 Environmental impacts from agriculture." Biosystems Engineering 103 (January 2009): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.11.023.

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15

Calzadilla, Alvaro, Katrin Rehdanz, Richard Betts, Pete Falloon, Andy Wiltshire, and Richard S. J. Tol. "Climate change impacts on global agriculture." Climatic Change 120, no. 1-2 (July 7, 2013): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0822-4.

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16

Coronel, Eric, and Kelly Young. "Improving Water Quality Impacts from Agriculture." Crops & Soils 54, no. 4 (July 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crso.20120.

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17

Shrestha, Suman Kumar, and Gem Prasad Gurung. "Impacts of Climate Change in Nepalese Agriculture." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 15 (December 3, 2018): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v15i0.31605.

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This paper presents impact of climate change in agriculture and adaptation strategies applying by the farmers. In doing so, secondary data and information as well as document review methods are applied. The study found that climate change has affected the different sectors such as agriculture and non-agriculture. Especially agriculture is the more affected than non- agricultural sector. The major crops production trend is gradually decreasing due to the negative impact of climate change. Comparatively, climate change has more affected in the Himalayas and hilly region than Tarai. Owing to that farmers are applying different adaptation strategies for minimizing the climate change impact on productions. However, federal governments must prepare and implement the attractive affirmative policies that are needed to motivate small farmers living in Mountain, Hill and Tarai region.

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18

김윤식 and 황윤재. "Impacts of NAFTA on the Mexican Agriculture." Journal of Social Science 34, no. 1 (April 2008): 21–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15820/khjss.2008.34.1.002.

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19

SEINO, Hiroshi. "Impacts of global warming on Japanese agriculture." Journal of Advanced Science 10, no. 4 (1998): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2978/jsas.10.4_216.

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20

Asseng, Senthold. "Uncertainties of Climate Change Impacts in Agriculture." Procedia Environmental Sciences 29 (2015): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.276.

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21

COLLINS, R., and C. NEAL. "The hydrochemical impacts of terraced agriculture, Nepal." Science of The Total Environment 212, no. 2-3 (April 8, 1998): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00342-2.

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22

Sindhu, J. S. "Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (March 20, 2011): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2011/v4i3.32.

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23

Shrestha, Shailesh, Mihaly Himics, Benjamin Van Doorslaer, and Pavel Ciaian. "IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EU AGRICULTURE." Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 16, no. 02 (September 2013): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/raae.2013.16.02.24-39.

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24

Ivanova, Nedka, Philip Dawson, and John Lingard. "Macroeconomic Impacts on Bulgarian Agriculture during Transition." Applied Economics 35, no. 7 (May 30, 2003): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0003684032000050595.

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25

Carran, R. A., and T. Clough. "Environmental impacts of nitrogen in pastoral agriculture." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 6 (January 1, 1996): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.6.1995.3346.

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The principal environmental impacts of nitrogen in pastoral agriculture are identified as: ammonia volatilisation, nitrous oxide emission, reduction of methane oxidation, and contamination of waters with organic nitrogen or inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium). Each of these impacts is analysed in terms of its sensitivity to the form in which N enters the farming system, symbiotically or as fertiliser. Indirect effects that flow through from any changes in productivity are also examined. With the exception of organic N pollution of waters, all the impacts are shown to be directly affected by fertiliser N. Keywords: ammonia, leaching, methane, nitrate, nitrous oxide

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26

Medici, Marco, Søren Marcus Pedersen, Giacomo Carli, and Maria Rita Tagliaventi. "Environmental Benefits of Precision Agriculture Adoption." ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, no. 3 (January 2020): 637–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2019-003004.

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the environmental benefits of precision agriculture technology adoption obtained from the mitigation of negative environmental impacts of agricultural inputs in modern farming. Our literature review of the environmental benefits related to the adoption of precision agriculture solutions is aimed at raising farmers' and other stakeholders' awareness of the actual environmental impacts from this set of new technologies. Existing studies were categorised according to the environmental impacts of different agricultural activities: nitrogen application, lime application, pesticide application, manure application and herbicide application. Our findings highlighted the effects of the reduction of input application rates and the consequent impacts on climate, soil, water and biodiversity. Policy makers can benefit from the outcomes of this study developing an understanding of the environmental impact of precision agriculture in order to promote and support initiatives aimed at fostering sustainable agriculture.

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27

Moss, Brian. "Water pollution by agriculture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1491 (July 30, 2007): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2176.

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Agriculture disrupts all freshwater systems hugely from their pristine states. The former reductionist concept of pollution was of examining individual effects of particular substances on individual taxa or sub-communities in freshwater systems, an essentially ecotoxicological concept. It is now less useful than a more holistic approach that treats the impacts on the system as a whole and includes physical impacts such as drainage and physical modification of river channels and modification of the catchment as well as nutrient, particulate and biocide pollution. The European Water Framework Directive implicitly recognizes this in requiring restoration of water bodies to ‘good ecological quality’, which is defined as only slightly different from pristine state. The implications for the management of agriculture are far more profound than is currently widely realized.

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28

Sajid, Muhammad Jawad, and Muhammad Habib ur Rahman. "The Nexus between Environmental Impact and Agricultural Sector Linkages: A Case Study of Pakistan." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091200.

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Agriculture has a substantial environmental impact. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between agriculture’s environmental impacts and linkages, particularly for the key agriculture-based Pakistani economy. Additionally, the literature on environmental linkages rarely estimates multiple types of linkages in a single study. This study fills these critical research gaps. The study estimates the land, water, nitrogen, and CO2 impacts and linkages of Pakistan’s agriculture sector using an input–output model and the hypothetical extraction method. The results indicated that agriculture directly accounted for approximately 27%, 93%, 92%, and 1% of Pakistan’s total sectoral land, water, nitrogen, and CO2 impacts (LWNC), respectively. While the sector indirectly contributed almost 2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.4% of Pakistan’s total LWNC. The bulk of direct LWNC impacts were caused by agricultural purchases from downstream sectoral importers. The majority of the indirect LWNC impacts were induced by agriculture’s re-imports. The agricultural purchases from the downstream sector of “Food and Beverages” induced the greatest environmental impact. To ensure sustainable agriculture, particularly in Pakistan, the agriculture sector’s direct and indirect environmental impacts should be reduced not only through better management practices and technology, but also by focusing on intermediate sectoral sources of direct and indirect environmental impacts.

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29

Lynch, D. "Environmental impacts of organic agriculture: A Canadian perspective." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08165.

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Canada, in 2009, will enact a regulatory regime to oversee certified organic agricultural productions systems, based on a management standard. The overreaching goal of that standard is to develop farm enterprises that are “sustainable and harmonious with the environment”. However, empirical evidence to shed light on claims of environmental benefits from organic agriculture is particularly scarce in Canada and North America generally, and has not been comprehensively summarized. This review examines the literature of Canadian and US studies which relate to environmental impacts of organic agriculture within the selected indicators of: (i) soil organic matter storage and soil quality/soil health; (ii) plant and wildlife biodiversity; (iii) energy use; (iv) nutrient loading and off-farm nutrient losses; and (v) climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. The empirical evidence presented suggests organic farming system attributes regarding cropping, floral, and habitat diversity, nutrient intensity, soil management, energy and pesticide use, etc., are sufficiently distinct as to impart potentially important environmental benefits across the indicator categories examined. However, on average, crop yields under organic management regimes continue to lag behind those obtained by conventional management systems. More research is needed to validate these results, for the benefit of producers, consumers and policy makers as they decide the relative importance and contribution of organic farming systems to the Canadian food marketplace and agrifood sector. Key words: Organic agriculture, farming system, soil, biodiversity, energy, greenhouse gases

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30

Aggarwal, Deepika, and J. S. Pasricha. "Climate Change and its Impacts on Indian Agriculture." International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses 2, no. 3 (2011): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-7156/cgp/v02i03/37060.

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31

Burfisher, Mary E., Robert M. House, and Suchada V. Langley. "Free Trade Impacts On U.S. And Southern Agriculture." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 24, no. 1 (July 1992): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025954.

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In June 1991, the United States and Mexico agreed to work toward the formation of a free trade area (FTA), in which trade barriers between the two countries will be gradually reduced and eUrninated. An FTA is expected to deepen a trade relationship that has always been important to the two countries, and which has been expanded by the unilateral trade liberalization initiated by Mexico in 1983. A U.S. Mexico FTA will be an important development for U.S. agriculture. In 1990, Mexico ranked among the top four markets for U.S. agricultural exports nd imports. Mexico's share of U.S. agricultural trade has increased since the mid-1980s, and could expand further if trade barriers are removed.

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32

Salinger. "IMPACTS OF CLIMATE ON AGRICULTURE : A SOUTHERN PERSPECTIVE." Weather and Climate 11, no. 2 (1991): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44279811.

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33

Hatfield, J. L., K. J. Boote, B. A. Kimball, L. H. Ziska, R. C. Izaurralde, D. Ort, A. M. Thomson, and D. Wolfe. "Climate Impacts on Agriculture: Implications for Crop Production." Agronomy Journal 103, no. 2 (March 2011): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0303.

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34

Susanto, Dwi, C. Parr Rosson, and Darren Hudson. "Impacts of Expanded Ethanol Production on Southern Agriculture." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 40, no. 2 (August 2008): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800023865.

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This study analyzes the potential impacts of expanded ethanol production on southern agriculture. Results of regression analysis suggest that acreage planted for field crops (corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat) is inelastic with respect to relative prices. The results provide statistical evidence of potential significant acreage shifts favoring corn over cotton, soybeans, and wheat. Simulations indicate that higher corn prices will increase corn acreage, but the South continues to be a deficit corn region. U.S. corn production is capable of supplying domestic demand for ethanol, feed for livestock and poultry, and other uses, while maintaining exports at more than 2 billion bushels annually.

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35

Tewari, Devi D., and Surendra N. Kulshreshtha. "Impacts of Rising Energy Prices on Saskatchewan Agriculture." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 36, no. 2 (July 1988): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1988.tb03274.x.

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36

Sherbinin, Alex de. "Bytes of note: Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 42, no. 2 (March 2000): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139150009604861.

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37

Prasada, Pahan, Maury E. Bredahl, and Randall Wigle. "Market Impacts of Technological Change in Canadian Agriculture." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 58, no. 2 (February 9, 2010): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.2010.01181.x.

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38

Montero Castillo, Piedad Margarita, John Eduardo Rodriguez-Meza, and Raul Jose Martelo. "Environmental impacts of agriculture, livestock and dairy sector." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 11, no. 30 (2018): 1477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.84140.

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39

LIU, Jie, Changyi LIU, and Yan WEN. "Reassessing Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in China." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 03, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748115500116.

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Nonlinearity and adaptation effect are rarely taken into consideration in the existing literature of empirical studies on climate change impacts, which may lead to bias estimation of the impacts on agricultural production. This paper aims to reassess the impacts on crop yields (rice, wheat, and maize) by incorporating the terms of nonlinearity and adaptation into a provincial panel data model and further study the impacts of future climate change under the represented concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. Results reveal that the historical warming temperature benefits rice but harm wheat and maize productions, and decreasing precipitation benefits rice and maize but harm wheat production. Adaptation can significantly mitigate the negative impacts. Under RCP4.5 and RCP8.0, after adaptation, the yield changes attributed to future climate change vary from 0.66% to 0.98% for rice, -0.65% to -0.84% for wheat, and -0.24 to 0.08% for maize. The shifts of means of climatic variables impose no challenge on national food security of China.

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40

Boruff, Chester S. "Impacts of the 1993 Flood on Midwest Agriculture." Water International 19, no. 4 (December 1994): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069408686233.

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41

Van Wie, J. B., J. C. Adam, and J. L. Ullman. "Conservation tillage in dryland agriculture impacts watershed hydrology." Journal of Hydrology 483 (March 2013): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.12.030.

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42

Tewari, Devi D. "Energy-price impacts modelling in the agriculture sector." Energy Economics 12, no. 2 (April 1990): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-9883(90)90049-l.

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43

Luan, Zhaoqing, and Demin Zhou. "Impacts of Intensified Agriculture Developments on Marsh Wetlands." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/409439.

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A spatiotemporal analysis on the changes in the marsh landscape in the Honghe National Nature Reserve, a Ramsar reserve, and the surrounding farms in the core area of the Sanjiang Plain during the past 30 years was conducted by integrating field survey work with remote sensing techniques. The results indicated that intensified agricultural development had transformed a unique natural marsh landscape into an agricultural landscape during the past 30 years. Ninety percent of the natural marsh wetlands have been lost, and the areas of the other natural landscapes have decreased very rapidly. Most dry farmland had been replaced by paddy fields during the progressive change of the natural landscape to a farm landscape. Attempts of current Chinese institutions in preserving natural wetlands have achieved limited success. Few marsh wetlands have remained healthy, even after the establishment of the nature reserve. Their ecological qualities have been declining in response to the increasing threats to the remaining wetland habitats. Irrigation projects play a key role in such threats. Therefore, the sustainability of the natural wetland ecosystems is being threatened by increased regional agricultural development which reduced the number of wetland ecotypes and damaged the ecological quality.

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44

Deschenes, Olivier, and Charles Kolstad. "Economic impacts of climate change on California agriculture." Climatic Change 109, S1 (November 24, 2011): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0322-3.

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45

Haqiqi, Iman, Danielle S. Grogan, Thomas W. Hertel, and Wolfram Schlenker. "Quantifying the impacts of compound extremes on agriculture." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-551-2021.

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Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a growing amount of literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. This study combines a fine-scale weather product with outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional metrics of individual and compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, a yield response function is estimated with individual and compound metrics, focusing on corn in the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, the findings suggest that metrics of compound hydroclimatic extremes are better predictors of corn yield variations than metrics of individual extremes. The results also confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for corn. This study shows the average yield damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress.

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46

Ghebremedhin, Tesfa G. "Assessing the Impacts of Technology on Southern Agriculture and Rural Communities." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 20, no. 1 (July 1988): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025607.

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Technology has made U.S. agriculture one of the world's most productive and competitive industries. Farmers have already witnessed the dramatic results of two major technological eras in agriculture. The mechanical era from 1920 to 1950 allowed farmers to make the transition from animal-powered agriculture to engine-powered commercial agriculture.

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47

Batie, Sandra S., and Daniel B. Taylor. "Widespread adoption of non-conventional agriculture: Profitability and impacts." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, no. 3-4 (December 1989): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002952.

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AbstractConventional agriculture is increasingly criticized as being too concentrated in ownership; too reliant on technology, petroleum-based inputs, and credit; too specialized and ecologically unsound; and too dependent on government subsidies. Alternative agriculture is offered by many as an alternative, and we discuss the possible impacts of its widespread adoption on farm income, yields, regions, labor, trade, environmental quality, and farm structure. The profitability of alternative agriculture is also examined - in so doing, a distinction is made between the adoption of low-input practices and a more holistic alternative agricultural system.

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48

NGUEMA, ABIGAIL, GEORGE W. NORTON, JEFFREY ALWANG, DANIEL B. TAYLOR, VICTOR BARRERA, and MICHAEL BERTELSEN. "FARM-LEVEL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN ECUADOR." Experimental Agriculture 49, no. 1 (December 12, 2012): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479712001044.

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SUMMARYFarm households in the Andean region of South America face serious livelihood challenges, including a poor natural resource base and declining agricultural yields. Conservation agriculture has been identified as a potential solution to environmental degradation and the associated poverty and food insecurity in the region. This study analyses the potential economic impact of conservation agriculture in two sub-watersheds in central Ecuador utilizing a linear programming model and data from experiments in farmer fields. The model found that specific cover crops, crop rotations and reduced tillage designed to reduce soil erosion and increase soil organic matter can lead to increased incomes for farm households in a time period of as short as two years. It appears that conservation agriculture practices have the potential to improve the livelihoods of the rural poor in Ecuador because conservation agriculture activities entered the revenue-maximizing model solution for both sub-watersheds.

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Prasad, Khanal Arjun. "IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION: A CASE OF PALPA DISTRICT OF NEPAL." Acta Mechanica Malaysia 3, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/amm.01.2020.16.19.

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A study was conducted in 2019 to assess the impacts of agriculture mechanization in Palpa district of Nepal. Two hundred and twenty farmers who have been the beneficiaries of mechanization programs launched by any of the three different tiers of government and other non-governmental organizations were selected randomly by adopting snowball method and interviewed. Majority (72.3%) of the farmers of the study area were found adopting mini tiller as the result of which the bullock driven plough was found almost replaced by it. Majority (92.7 %) of the farmers had experienced increase in cost of production for first and second year and decrease in cost of production afterwards. Most of the farmers experienced increase in working efficiency and improvement in the living standard after the adoption of machines in different agriculture operations. Agriculture mechanization was found having positive impacts in productivity of agriculture products because majority (89%) of the farmers experienced increase in productivity of their agriculture products after mechanization. Assuming those farmers who did not experienced any increase in productivity of their agriculture products (11%) as 100% majority (43.5 %) of them had pointed out lack of technical skills to operate machines as the major factor responsible for it. Therefore, the concerned authorities should be focused in proper arrangements of trainings and capacity building programs for farmers to operate those machines in addition to purchase and distribution of machines for the transformation of existing traditional agriculture into commercial, modern and mechanized agriculture.

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Lachaal, Lassaad, and Abner W. Womack. "Impacts of Trade and Macroeconomic Linkages on Canadian Agriculture." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80, no. 3 (August 1998): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1244555.

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