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Journal articles on the topic 'Morphological and syntactic constraints'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Seeker, Wolfgang, and Jonas Kuhn. "Morphological and Syntactic Case in Statistical Dependency Parsing." Computational Linguistics 39, no. 1 (2013): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00134.

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Most morphologically rich languages with free word order use case systems to mark the grammatical function of nominal elements, especially for the core argument functions of a verb. The standard pipeline approach in syntactic dependency parsing assumes a complete disambiguation of morphological (case) information prior to automatic syntactic analysis. Parsing experiments on Czech, German, and Hungarian show that this approach is susceptible to propagating morphological annotation errors when parsing languages displaying syncretism in their morphological case paradigms. We develop a different a

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2

Bohnet, Bernd, Joakim Nivre, Igor Boguslavsky, Richárd Farkas, Filip Ginter, and Jan Hajič. "Joint Morphological and Syntactic Analysis for Richly Inflected Languages." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 1 (December 2013): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00238.

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Joint morphological and syntactic analysis has been proposed as a way of improving parsing accuracy for richly inflected languages. Starting from a transition-based model for joint part-of-speech tagging and dependency parsing, we explore different ways of integrating morphological features into the model. We also investigate the use of rule-based morphological analyzers to provide hard or soft lexical constraints and the use of word clusters to tackle the sparsity of lexical features. Evaluation on five morphologically rich languages (Czech, Finnish, German, Hungarian, and Russian) shows cons

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3

Xie, Zhu. "Two Types of Verb Reduplications in Mandarin Chinese." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 41, no. 1 (2020): 73–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scl-2020-0003.

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AbstractThis paper analyzes verb reduplication in Mandarin Chinese under a lexicalist framework. By adopting the Lexicalist Hypothesis proposed by Chomsky (1970), a distinction has been made between syntactic and morphological verb reduplications by means of five tests: productivity, le insertion, categorial stability, transitivity, and input/output constraints. It is found that the AA and ABAB patterns of verb reduplication have relatively high productivity and regular syntactic behaviors, whereas the AABB pattern of verb reduplication shows extremely low productivity and syntactic idiosyncra

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Pavlou, Natalia. "The Morphotactics of the Cypriot Greek Augment." Languages 7, no. 2 (2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020149.

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This paper adopts a morphological approach to the reduplication of the past-tense augment in Cypriot Greek and explores the morphotactic constraints that apply. Phonological reduplication phenomena have been addressed in morphology by developing a framework that can account for both doubling and metathesis. This phenomenon has been a focus of discussion, but less is known about the application of this mechanism to tense prefixes, known as augments. Doubling of the augment appears in verbal complexes depending on the position of its components, what I will argue are cases that support the post-

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Zabrocki, Tadeusz. "Syntactic diacrisis in a rigid and a free word order language." Investigationes Linguisticae, no. 34 (September 15, 2016): 113–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/il.2016.34.8.

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The paper is concerned with some syntactic consequences of Polish being a synthetic language with a rich system of case inflections and English lacking morphological case (or having a residual form of it). It will be argued that this typologically significant grammatical difference provides an essential premise in a unified explanation for the clustering of a number of syntactic differences between the two languages.The argument is based on a set of functionally motivated constraints on grammatical representations. The constraints are proposed as a part of a theory of “syntactic diacrisis” and

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Lu, Zijia. "Syntactic Information Extraction in the Parafovea: Evidence from Two-Character Phrases in Chinese." Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 7 (2025): 935. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15070935.

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This study investigates syntactic parafoveal processing in Chinese reading using a boundary paradigm with two-character verb–object phrases. Participants (N = 120 undergraduates) viewed sentences with manipulated previews (identity, syntactically consistent, and inconsistent previews). Results showed a selective syntactic preview effect: syntactical violations reduced target word skipping rates, but fixation durations remained unaffected. This dissociation contrasts with robust syntactic preview benefits observed in alphabetic languages, highlighting how Chinese’s lack of morphological markers

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HENGEVELD, KEES, JAN RIJKHOFF, and ANNA SIEWIERSKA. "Parts-of-speech systems and word order." Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 3 (2004): 527–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226704002762.

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This paper argues that the word order possibilities of a language are partly determined by the parts-of-speech system of that language. In languages in which lexical items are specialized for certain functionally defined syntactic slots (e.g. the modifier slot within a noun phrase), the identifiability of these slots is ensured by the nature of the lexical items (e.g. adjectives) themselves. As a result, word order possibilities are relatively unrestricted in these languages. In languages in which lexical items are not specialized for certain syntactic slots, in that these items combine the fu

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8

Yang, Yongzhong. "The Structure of Chinese Compounds: The Perspective of Predicative Implicitness." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 14, no. 1 (2024): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.14.1.55-86.

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This paper examines Chinese nominal compounds with respect to their internal structure, thematic relations, generation process, and constraint mechanism from the perspective of predicate implicitness. Findings reveal that constituent functions in these compounds vary based on their structural positions, closely aligning morphological and syntactic structures. Predicate implicitness necessitates hierarchical adjunction, disallowing cross-layered adjunction. Corresponding relations exist between theta-roles, semantic relations, syntactic, and morphological structures. The study delineates differ

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Pirvulescu, Mihaela. "Morphological Paradigms and the Role of Tense." Revue québécoise de linguistique 31, no. 2 (2004): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009311ar.

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Abstract In this paper I propose that the existence of morphological paradigms in the domain of the verbal inflection is subject to a morphosyntactic constraint: paradigms are based on an asymmetrical relation between tense and agreement features. The syntactic dependence of agreement features on the Tense node is carried out at the morphological level in the following way: verbal forms that have a syntactic tense representation will be assigned a paradigm in a post syntactic morphological module; verbal forms that do not have a syntactic tense representation will not be assigned a morphologic

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10

Culicover, Peter W., Giuseppe Varaschin, and Susanne Winkler. "The Radical Unacceptability Hypothesis: Accounting for Unacceptability without Universal Constraints." Languages 7, no. 2 (2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020096.

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The Radical Unacceptability Hypothesis (RUH) has been proposed as a way of explaining the unacceptability of extraction from islands and frozen structures. This hypothesis explicitly assumes a distinction between unacceptability due to violations of local well-formedness conditions—conditions on constituency, constituent order, and morphological form—and unacceptability due to extra-grammatical factors. We explore the RUH with respect to classical islands, and extend it to a broader range of phenomena, including freezing, A′ chain interactions, zero-relative clauses, topic islands, weak crosso

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Katsouda, Georgia. "The Greek suffix -ozos." Journal of Greek Linguistics 16, no. 2 (2016): 232–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01602003.

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This paper offers a morphological analysis of the borrowed derivational suffix -όζος [ózos], used in both a number of Modern Greek (MGr) dialects and in Standard Modern Greek (SMGr). It draws on an extensive corpus to examine the suffix from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. Our diachronic analysis emphasizes the geographical distribution, the etymological provenance of the suffix, and the loan accommodation strategies employed in various MGr dialects, thus providing some interesting etymological findings regarding the lexical stock of Modern Greek (Standard and dialects). Our sy

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Clahsen, Harald, Sabrina Gerth, Vera Heyer, and Esther Schott. "Morphology constrains native and non-native word formation in different ways." Mental Lexicon 10, no. 1 (2015): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.10.1.03cla.

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The role of morphological and syntactic information in non-native second language (L2) comprehension is controversial. Some have argued that late bilinguals rapidly integrate grammatical cues with other information sources during reading or listening in the same way as native speakers. Others claim that structural cues are underused in L2 processing. We examined different kinds of modifiers inside compounds (e.g. singulars vs. plurals, *rat eater vs. rats eater) with respect to this controversy, which are subject to both structural and non-structural constraints. Two offline and two online (ey

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Palomar, Manuel, Antonio Ferrández, Lidia Moreno, et al. "An Algorithm for Anaphora Resolution in Spanish Texts." Computational Linguistics 27, no. 4 (2001): 545–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120101753342662.

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This paper presents an algorithm for identifying noun phrase antecedents of third person personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and omitted pronouns (zero pronouns) in unrestricted Spanish texts. We define a list of constraints and preferences for different types of pronominal expressions, and we document in detail the importance of each kind of knowledge (lexical, morphological, syntactic, and statistical) in anaphora resolution for Spanish. The paper also provides a definition for syntactic conditions on Spanish NP-pronoun noncoreference using partial parsing. The alg

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Cacchioli, Gioia. "The Tigrinya zɨ- prefix". Brill's Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 15, № 1 (2023): 232–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01501004.

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Abstract Head-final languages are not expected to display verbal prefixes. However, in Tigrinya—a consistent SOV Ethio-Semitic language—the “relative marker” is a prefix that precedes the subordinate verb. Taking an antisymmetric and LCA approach to head-finality, I challenge the idea that what have been traditionally called prefixes in head-final languages have an intrinsic “prefixal morphological property”. Instead, I argue that prefixes are elements that are subject to specific syntactic constraints that result in them appearing in front of verbs. I therefore propose a new syntactic analysi

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Lardiere, Donna. "L2 acquisition of English synthetic compounding is not constrained by level-ordering (and neither, probably, is L1 )." Second Language Research 11, no. 1 (1995): 20–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839501100102.

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This article investigates the acquisition of English synthetic compounding by native Spanish and native Chinese speakers. Data are presented which con tradict the claim by Gordon (1985), Clahsen (1991) and Clahsen et al. (1992) that morphological level-ordering is universally, innately available to lan guage learners to guide their acquisition of compounding constraints. Empirical arguments are given which show that compounding, at least, can not be universally subject to the particular inflectional constraints - namely, a restriction on plurals in compounds - imposed by the level-ordering mod

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Czaplicki, Bartłomiej. "Construction-specific effects of phonological similarity avoidance." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 58, no. 2 (2022): 159–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2022-0010.

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Abstract Previous research on similarity avoidance has focused on such phonological factors as featural similarity and adjacency. This paper additionally investigates the phonology-morphology interface and draws attention to morphological and lexical effects of similarity avoidance. Avoidance of identical or similar sounds may give rise to a variety of strategies, including periphrastic category formation, an unexpected allomorph of the stem or affix and a lexical gap. It is argued that, although similarity avoidance has a universal basis in language processing, the various strategies to imple

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Wiltschko, Martina, and Strang Burton. "On the Sources of Person Hierarchy Effects in Halkomelem Salish." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 49, no. 1 (2004): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100002784.

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AbstractLike many other Salish languages, in Halkomelem Salish, with transitive verbs, it is not possible to combine a 3rd person with a 2nd person. We propose that this *3/2 constraint is morphological in nature. This departs from previous analyses which have taken the *3/2 constraint to be the effect of a hierarchy of [person] and/or [animate] features. One consequence of analysing the *3/2 constraint as morphologically based is that person/animacy hierarchies are not primitives in the grammar. In particular, we show that person-based gaps in transitive verb paradigms receive a morpho-syntac

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18

Tickoo, Asha. "The lexico-syntactic marking of chronological order." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 21, no. 1 (1998): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.21.1.07tic.

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Abstract The complexities inherent to the acquisition of temporal reference have not been associated with the first formal means of representing time in L2 acquisition of temporal reference, namely temporal adverbials. But this study of the use of ‘then’/ ‘after that’ by Vietnamese learners of ESL suggests that this temporal adverb poses as much of a learning challenge as morphological means of temporal reference. A distinct form to function mapping is evident in this learner’s use of ‘then’/ ‘after that’, just as it is in interlanguage morphological marking of tense and aspect. The same asymm

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Schlücker, Barbara. " Sportschau-like , raststättenlike , Claudialike . Like -Adjektive als neues Wortbildungsmuster im Deutschen." Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 52, no. 3 (2024): 545–74. https://doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2024-2024.

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Abstract Adjectives with the borrowed head constituent like are a previously undescribed phenomenon in German. This corpus-based study shows that they occur frequently in certain text sources and analyses them as a productive word-formation pattern. The article describes the morphological, syntactic, graphemic, semantic, and pragmatic properties of these adjectives. While their structural formation is subject to only few constraints, their use is much more restricted. This is shown, among other things, by the frequent use of quotation marks which indicates that writers are aware of the novelty

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CHRABASZCZ, ANNA, and KIRA GOR. "Quantifying contextual effects in second language processing of phonolexically ambiguous and unambiguous words." Applied Psycholinguistics 38, no. 4 (2017): 909–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716416000497.

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ABSTRACTSecond language (L2) speakers often experience difficulty discriminating speech sounds of the nonnative language, which can result in phonolexical ambiguity. We report two experiments that examine how L2 Russian speakers may utilize contextual constraints for phonolexical ambiguity resolution during speech comprehension. L2 ambiguous words constitute minimal pairs with palatalized and unpalatalized consonants in the Russian language, where the phonological feature of palatalization marks semantic, morphological, or syntactic distinctions between words. L2 performance is compared to tha

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Orozco, Rafael. "Variation in the expression of nominal possession in Costeño Spanish." Spanish in Context 7, no. 2 (2010): 194–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.7.2.03oro.

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To express nominal possession, Spanish speakers use a linguistic variable with three variants: a possessive adjective, a definite article and periphrasis. This study explores the expression of possession in Barranquilla, Colombia examining data extracted from sociolinguistic interviews with a socially stratified group of twenty informants. I conducted a series of statistical regression analyses for each variant testing ten linguistic and five social constraints. The results revealed that possessive adjectives and definite articles marking possession are almost evenly distributed. The expressio

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Alshammari, Wafi Fhaid, and Ahmad Radi Alshammari. "Adaptation of Turkish Loanwords Originating from Arabic." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 5 (2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p388.

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This study investigates the phonological and morphological adaptation of Turkish loanwords of Arabic origin to reveal aspects of native speakers&rsquo; knowledge that are not necessarily obvious. It accounts for numerous modification processes that these loanwords undergo when borrowed into Turkish. To achieve this, a corpus of 250 Turkish loanwords was collected and analyzed whereby these loanwords were compared to their Arabic counterparts to reveal phonological processes that Turkish followed to adapt them. Also, it tackles the treatment of morphological markings and compound forms in T

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Parrott, Jeffrey K. "Danish Vestigial Case and the Acquisition of Vocabulary in Distributed Morphology." Biolinguistics 3, no. 2-3 (2009): 270–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.8711.

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As Halle & Marantz (2008: 71) acknowledge, “we have no real idea about how a child assigns features to Vocabulary Items” in Distributed Morphology (DM). Stated generally, how do children acquire language-specific (sometimes variable) mappings between morpho-syntactic features and their morpho-phonological exponents? Following Emonds (1986) in a DM framework, this article advances a testable ‘morphological transparency’ constraint on the acquisition of Vocabulary, and presents supporting results from a pilot observational child-language study in Danish. This constraint explains a significan

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Jaensch, Carol. "Defective adjectival inflection in non-native German: Prosodic transfer or missing surface inflection?" EUROSLA Yearbook 8 (August 7, 2008): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.8.14jae.

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Two recent hypotheses which support the theory of full access to Universal Grammar have been proposed in order to account for variant data supplied by L2 learners. The Prosodic Transfer Hypothesis (Goad, White & Steele 2003) suggests that non-target-like behaviour by L2 learners is partially due to the differences in prosody between the L1 and L2 and the ensuing prosodic constraints; whilst the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis (Prévost & White 2000) proposes that problems are due to the learners’ variability in mapping abstract syntactic features onto morphological forms. This pap

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Siegel, Jeff. "Two Types of Functional Transfer in Language Contact." Journal of Language Contact 5, no. 2 (2012): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187740912x639247.

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The aim of this article is to examine one kind of cross linguistic influence, or transfer, in language contact situations. This is “functional transfer”, defined as applying the grammatical functions of a morpheme from one language to a morpheme in another language that does not normally have these functions. With regard to language contact, most reported instances of this kind of transfer concern the creation of a new grammatical morpheme in an expanded pidgin or creole, resulting from the use of a lexical morpheme of the lexifier (here the recipient language, RL) with semantic and syntactic

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Colomina, María Pilar. "A distinctness approach to clitic combinations in Romance." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 13, no. 2 (2020): 277–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2020-2031.

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AbstractThis paper analyses the combinatorial restrictions that operate in clitic clusters in certain Eastern Iberian varieties (Aragonese, Spanish, and Catalan). In particular, I focus on the combination of third person clitics. As it is well known, in some Romance varieties the combination of a third person accusative clitic and a third person dative clitic is banned (the so-called ∗le lo restriction, Bonet, Eulàlia. 1991. Morphology after syntax: Pronominal clitics in Romance. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dissertation; Cuervo, María Cristina. 2013. Spanish clitic cluster

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Essa, Hatem. "Exploring the Acquisition of English Plural Formation and Compounding: Insights from L1 speakers of Libyan Arabic." World Journal of English Language 15, no. 6 (2025): 325. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v15n6p325.

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One of the most widely studied morphological phenomena in psycholinguistics is the avoidance of regular but not irregular plurals in noun compounds (e.g., rats eater vs. mice eater). This study addresses this issue by examining the acquisition of English synthetic and root compounding by L1 speakers of Libyan Arabic, focusing on the role of L1 transfer and Universal Grammar (UG) in learning this presyntactic property. Specifically, it investigates whether morphological constraints on plural formation in noun compounds are universally available to second language learners or subject to L1 influ

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Di Sciullo, Anna Maria. "Affixes at the Edge." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 50, no. 1-4 (2005): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100003674.

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AbstractThis article shows how affixal scope and precedence relations fall out in a natural way from properties of the computational system. Using Asymmetry Theory (Di Sciullo 2005), it is proposed that: (i) roots and affixes form minimal trees; (ii) minimal trees compose with each other to form morphological phases; (iii) features of a morphological phase edge that are legible at Phonetic Form (PF) determine affix-root linearization; and (iv) ordering of affixes relative to each other follows the Hierarchy of Homogeneous Projections, which constrains scope relations at Logical Form (LF). Thre

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Alves, Michele Calil dos Santos. "Differences between grammatical gender and semantic gender in pronominal antecedent retrieval in Brazilian Portuguese." Diacrítica 33, no. 2 (2019): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.403.

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Coreference is a syntactic dependency in which pronouns are bound to previous referents in discourse. Granted that antecedents of anaphors must be retrieved from memory in coreference, the aim of this research is to provide more information on how pronominal antecedents are retrieved, and more precisely to clarify the role of gender cues in pronominal antecedent retrieval when gender morphology is overt. Since Portuguese is a language with visible morphology, speakers of this language are used to rely on agreement cues to process language. The results of two eye-tracking experiments conducted

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ALEXOPOULOU, THEODORA, and DIMITRA KOLLIAKOU. "On Linkhood, Topicalization and Clitic Left Dislocation." Journal of Linguistics 38, no. 2 (2002): 193–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226702001445.

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This paper focuses on the Information Packaging notion of linkhood and provides a structural definition of this notion for Greek. We show that a combination of structural resources – syntactic (left dislocation), morphological (clitic duplication) and phonological (absence of nuclear accent) – are simultaneously exploited to realize linkhood in Greek, a generalization that can be captured in a constraint-based grammar such as HPSG, which permits the expression of interface constraints. We assume Vallduví's (1992) approach to Information Packaging, and Engdahl & Vallduví's (1996) implementa

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TISHEVA, YOVKA. "EIGHT FORUM ON BULGARIAN GRAMMAR." Journal of Bulgarian Language 69, PR (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.69.22.pr.01.

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The Eighth Forum on Bulgarian Grammar titled Predication, Predicates, Predicatives was held on 21 and 22 October 2021. The Forum was organised by the Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Bulgarian Language of the Faculty of Slavic Studies at Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski. The forum was dedicated to the 90th anniversary of one of the most renowned Bulgarian linguists of our time – Prof. DSc Yordan Penchev Penchev. The Forum’s topic encompassed a broad range of theoretical and applied issues related to the l

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Hammarberg, Björn. "Examining the Processability Theory." EUROSLA 6 55 (January 1, 1996): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.55.07ham.

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The Processability Theory (PT), originating from the German ZISA Project and recently revised by Pienemann (1993, in prep.), claims that the order of grammatical development in a second language is determined by a hierarchy of psycholinguistic constraints on the processability of grammatical structures. The present paper discusses some problematic aspects of this theory and argues for a dynamic view of L2 acquisition in which factors which drive acquisition ahead are also taken into account. It is suggested that a Principle of Perceived Communicative Value (PCV) plays a part in conditioning th

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Edeleva, Julia, Anna Chrabaszcz, and Valeriia Demareva. "Resolving conflicting cues in processing of ambiguous words: The role of case, word order, and animacy." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 8 (2020): 1173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820902429.

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We report results from a self-paced silent-reading study and a self-paced reading-aloud study examining ambiguous forms (heteronyms) of Russian animate and inanimate nouns which are differentiated in speech through word stress, for example, uCHItelja.TEACHER.GEN/ACC.SG and uchiteLJA.TEACHERS.NOM.PL.1 During reading, the absence of the auditory cue (word stress) to word identification results in morphologically ambiguous forms since both words have the same inflectional marking, -ja. Because word inflection is a reliable cue to syntactic role assignment, the ambiguity affects the level of morph

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Tsvetkov, Yulia, and Chris Dyer. "Cross-Lingual Bridges with Models of Lexical Borrowing." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 55 (January 13, 2016): 63–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4786.

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Linguistic borrowing is the phenomenon of transferring linguistic constructions (lexical, phonological, morphological, and syntactic) from a donor language to a recipient language as a result of contacts between communities speaking different languages. Borrowed words are found in all languages, andin contrast to cognate relationshipsborrowing relationships may exist across unrelated languages (for example, about 40% of Swahilis vocabulary is borrowed from the unrelated language Arabic). In this work, we develop a model of morpho-phonological transformations across languages. Its featur

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Egbert, Maria M. "Context-sensitivity in conversation: Eye gaze and the German repair initiatorbitte?" Language in Society 25, no. 4 (1996): 587–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500020820.

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ABSTRACTJust as turn-taking has been found to be both context-free and context-sensitive (Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson 1974), the organization of repair is also shown here to be both context-free and context-sensitive. In a comparison of American and German conversation, repair can be shown to be context-free in that, basically, the same mechanism can be found across these two languages. However, repair is also sensitive to the linguistic inventory of a given language; in German, morphological marking, syntactic constraints, and grammatical congruity across turns are used as interactional

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Meng, Hai-Rong, and Takeshi Nakamoto. "Discourse particles in Chinese–Japanese code switching: Constrained by the Matrix Language Frame?" International Journal of Bilingualism 22, no. 1 (2016): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006916658712.

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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The purpose of this paper is to clarify the grammatical constraints on discourse particles in Chinese–Japanese intra-sentential code switching in light of the general framework of the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model augmented by the 4-M model. Design/methodology/approach: This study retrieves data collected for three years from three Chinese–Japanese bilingual children aged between 2;1 and 5;0. Data and analysis: The database consists of nearly 300 hours of spontaneous conversations that are audio-recorded from the families of the three bilingu

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Salem, Essa, Marwan Jarrah, and Imran Alrashdan. "Humor and the Creative Use of English Expressions in the Speech of University Students: A Case From Jordan." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (2020): 215824402091455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914552.

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The present study examines the use of English lexical insertions to create humor by Jordanian university students. The data of the study are collected from spontaneous tape-recorded conversations from 62 participants of both males and females, representing different age groups (from 18–23 years old) and belonging to different specializations (e.g., engineering, pharmacy, mathematics, business, and English). The recorded conversations are qualitatively analyzed applying Auer’s sequential approach to code-switching to attain a local interpretation of lexical insertions for humor effect from Engl

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Sankoff, David, Shana Poplack, and Swathi Vanniarajan. "The case of the nonce loan in Tamil." Language Variation and Change 2, no. 1 (1990): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000272.

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ABSTRACTNonce borrowings in the speech of bilinguals differ from established loanwords in that they are not necessarily recurrent, widespread, or recognized by host language monolinguals. With established loanwords, however, they share the characteristics of morphological and syntactic integration into the host language and consist of single content words or compounds. Furthermore, both types of loanwords differ from intrasentential code-switching — alternate sentence fragments in the two languages, each of which is grammatical by monolingual standards from the standpoints of appropriate funct

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Latifah, Latifah. "PEMBELAJARAN SINTAKSIS BAGI PEMBELAJAR ASING YANG BERBAHASA PERTAMA BAHASA INGGRIS." Semantik 2, no. 2 (2017): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/semantik.v2i2.p55-66.

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Syntax is a branch of linguistics that discuss the relationship between words in speech , language elements that are included in the scope of syntax is a phrase, clause , sentence . Learn syntax for foreign speakers is not easy , it takes a lot of practice so that students are able to understand the material and found it difficult syntax of the results of the exercises . Difficulties and constraints Indonesian Phrases patterned material or noun - adjective DM , whereas the English phrase patterned MD - noun or adjective , thus allowing the formation of fault Indonesian phrases by foreign speak

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Sagyndykuly, В. "THE CATEGORY OF MODALITY IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCIENTIST K.MAMADIL." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2023-1.11.

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The article is based on the dissemination of scientific views on the category of modality in Kazakh linguistics. The author, differentiating the work of the scientist K. Mamadil, offers a different look at the nature of the topic termination. The article proposes to consider modal units, the most recognized morphological category, on the other side of linguistics. This is the lexical character of modal words. Here the emphasis is not only on the obligatory, predictable tone of modality, but also on the nature of their homonymization, synonymization. Secondly, the modal category is indicated as

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González-Álvarez, Dolores, and Javier Pérez-Guerra. "Profaning Margery Kempe's tomb or the application of a Constraint-Grammar Parser to a late Middle English text." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 9, no. 2 (2004): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.9.2.04gon.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent of grammatical variation between late Middle English and Present-day English. To that end, we compare the automatic output which the English Constraint Grammar Parser (ENGCG-2) offers of an updated medieval text from The Book of Margery Kempe and its corresponding modern version. In the first half of the paper we focus on the description of the parser. This system parses every constituent and associates it with a complex tag which provides morphological and syntactic information. The second half of the paper is devoted to the evaluation of the

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Outeiral, Sara María Riveiro, and Juan Carlos Acuña-Fariña. "Agreement processes in English and Spanish." Functions of Language 19, no. 1 (2012): 58–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.19.1.03riv.

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The nature of agreement has been the topic of extensive debate in the recent literature of both linguistics and psycholinguistics. In contrast to either fully syntactic or fully semantic accounts, so-called ‘constraint-satisfaction models’ (Haskell et al. 2010, among others) posit that all grammatical encoding is subject to a number of influences (syntax, semantics, pragmatics, frequency, etc.) which compete to dominate every computation, including agreement processes. After briefly considering psycholinguistic work on attraction (Wagers et al. 2009 and references therein), we try to shed ligh

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Alotaibi, Mansour. "The Default Case in Standard Arabic." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 6 (2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i6.17895.

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The default Case is a common phenomenon in Universal Grammar (UG). There are some languages which require that all Noun Phrases have Case. For these languages default Case meets something that has become known as the Case Filter (Rouveret and Vergnaud 1980). This is to say, if a particular Noun Phrase is not assigned a Case in association with some specification in some other part of the grammar, then default Case assignment principle can apply. Typical cross-linguistic default Cases are Nominative or Genitive, though the value of the default Case can vary from one language to another. While t

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Tsimpli, Ianthi Maria, and Maria Dimitrakopoulou. "The Interpretability Hypothesis: evidence from wh-interrogatives in second language acquisition." Second Language Research 23, no. 2 (2007): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658307076546.

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The second language acquisition (SLA) literature reports numerous studies of proficient second language (L2) speakers who diverge significantly from native speakers despite the evidence offered by the L2 input. Recent SLA theories have attempted to account for native speaker/non-native speaker (NS/NNS) divergence by arguing for the dissociation between syntactic knowledge and morpho(pho)nology. In particular, Lardiere (1998), Prévost and White (2000), and Goad and White (2004) claim that highly proficient learners have knowledge of the abstract syntactic properties of the language but occasion

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Patroeva, N. V., and A. V. Rozhkova. "Revisiting the evolution of linguistic views and poetic language of the poet and reformer Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky." Russian language at school 84, no. 2 (2023): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2023-84-2-32-42.

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The paper presents a linguo-stylistic analysis of two poems by V. K. Trediakovsky, namely "A Ceremonial Ode on the Surrender of the City of Gdansk" (1734) and "Ode I. A Solemn Ode on the Surrender of the City of Gdansk" (1752). The study aims to determine the correlation between the key provisions of Trediakovsky’s language programme and his linguistic style reflected in the two chronologically distant texts. To achieve this goal, we used analysis, synthesis, as well as inductive, deductive, comparative-contrastive, typological, linguo-stylistic, lexicographic, and quantitative methods. The co

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Kanwit, Matthew, and Virginia Terán. "Ideas Buenas o Buenas Ideas: Phonological, Semantic, and Frequency Effects on Variable Adjective Ordering in Rioplatense Spanish." Languages 5, no. 4 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5040065.

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Although linguistic research has often focused on one domain (e.g., as influenced by generative prioritization of the Autonomy of Syntax), critical findings have been uncovered by exploring the interaction of multiple domains (e.g., the link between morphological status and lateralization of /ɾ/; the syntactic–pragmatic interface’s constraints on subject expression). The position of adjectives relative to the nouns they modify is a good test case in this discussion because multiple areas of the grammar are implicated, including syntax, phonology, and semantics. Moreover, research on this struc

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Arends, Myra. "Verwervingsvolgorde In Het Nederlands Als Tweede Taal." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 77 (January 1, 2007): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.77.08are.

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The assumption that L2 acquisition is constrained by processing is the basis for several approaches to SLA. Pienemann's Processability Theory (PT) is one of them (Pienemann, 1998; 2005). PT is a universal framework that predicts the order in which certain morphological and syntactic phenomena of a specific language are acquired. The current paper presents the results of a test of the validity of PT for L2 Dutch. For this study I elicited utterances of 32 foreign students learning Dutch. Three phenomena were chosen for this test: (i) attributive adjective-noun agreement; (ii) subject-verb agree

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Lee, Jeong Min. "The Study Of ‘V1+connective ending+V2’Korean Serial Constructions." Dongnam Journal of Korean Language and Literature 53 (May 31, 2022): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21654/djkll.2022.53.1.5.

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This paper aims to examine that a structure of ‘V1-a V2’ is separated by focus particles. The categories of verb linking constructions which combine focus particles are the same in terms of the morphological identity, but not the syntactic-semantical identity. In addition, it violates the Lexical Island Constraint and causes a contradiction between form and meaning when focus particles are combined with compound verbs. It seems to be induced by the specificity of each category of the ‘V1-a V2’ and the application of variable semantic domains of focus particles. Therefore, this paper argues the

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Lusini, Gianfrancesco. "Mohammed Ali, ʿƎmanini (“Trust me”): Linguistic features of a novel in Tigre". Aethiopica 10 (18 червня 2012): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.10.1.193.

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The novel ʿƎmanini (“Trust me”) by Mohammed Ali Ibrahim Mohammed (born 1966) is the first work written in Tigre by a native speaker. This is a true literary and linguistic experiment, which will greatly enrich our knowledge of the Tǝgrāyǝt grammar and vocabulary, specifically its little known variant spoken among the Beni ʿAmǝr. Several phonetic, morphological, syntactical and lexical peculiarities of the text are here examined in order to reveal whether they are dictated by linguistic constraints (lexico-semantic, grammatical or pragmatic), or have been chosen by the author as stylistic devic

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Bošković, Željko. "Now I’m a Phase, Now I’m Not a Phase: On the Variability of Phases with Extraction and Ellipsis." Linguistic Inquiry 45, no. 1 (2014): 27–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00148.

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On the basis of a number of cases where the status of X with respect to phasehood changes depending on the syntactic context in which X occurs, I argue for a contextual approach to phasehood whereby the highest phrase in the extended projection of all lexical categories—N, P, A, and V (passive and active)—functions as a phase. The relevant arguments concern extraction and ellipsis. I argue that ellipsis is phase-constrained: only phases and complements of phase heads can in principle undergo ellipsis. I show that Ā-extraction out of an ellipsis site is possible only if the ellipsis site corres

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