Academic literature on the topic 'Morphological derivation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Morphological derivation"
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Hamans, Camiel. "Language change and morphological processes." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 3, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/yplm-2017-0001.
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AbstractMorphological change is not a result of mechanical, predictable processes, but of the behavior of language users. Speakers reinterpret opaque data in order to assign a more transparent structure to them. Subsequently successful reinterpretation may form the basis of new derivations. The moment such a derivative word formation process becomes productive a language change has taken place. In addition, this paper shows how language change obscures the distinction between separate morphological processes such as compounding and derivation and thus between morphological categories. Moreover, the data under discussion show that there is not a preferred natural direction of language change. Most of the examples are taken from English and Dutch, but also a few French, Frisian, German and Afrikaans data are discussed.
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KIRKICI, BILAL, and HARALD CLAHSEN. "Inflection and derivation in native and non-native language processing: Masked priming experiments on Turkish." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16, no. 4 (November 27, 2012): 776–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728912000648.
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Much previous experimental research on morphological processing has focused on surface and meaning-level properties of morphologically complex words, without paying much attention to the morphological differences between inflectional and derivational processes. Realization-based theories of morphology, for example, assume specific morpholexical representations for derived words that distinguish them from the products of inflectional or paradigmatic processes. The present study reports results from a series of masked priming experiments investigating the processing of inflectional and derivational phenomena in native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers in a non-Indo-European language, Turkish. We specifically compared regular (Aorist) verb inflection with deadjectival nominalization, both of which are highly frequent, productive and transparent in Turkish. The experiments demonstrated different priming patterns for inflection and derivation, specifically within the L2 group. Implications of these findings are discussed both for accounts of L2 morphological processing and for the controversial linguistic distinction between inflection and derivation.
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Stump, Gregory. "The derivation of compound ordinal numerals: Implications for morphological theory." Word Structure 3, no. 2 (October 2010): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2010.0005.
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In the domains of both inflection and derivation, there is evidence for both rules of exponence (which realize specific morphosyntactic properties or derivational categories through the introduction of specific morphological markings) and rules of composition (which determine how such rules of exponence apply in the definition of a compound's inflected forms or derivatives). A single, general rule of composition accounts for the definition of a wide range of derivatives from compound bases; nevertheless, ordinal derivation demonstrates the considerable extent to which rules of composition may vary across languages. Evidence from a diverse range of languages is used to motivate a typology of ordinal derivation whose distinct types embody different rules of composition.
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Bobrova, Maria V. "CONTEMPORARY RURAL ZOONYMICON IN THE DERIVATIONAL ASPECT (on the Material of Zoonyms of One Group of Villages)." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, no. 2 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-2-5-13.
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The article is devoted to the study of zoonyms functioning in the speech of the inhabitants of Troel’ga rural settlement, Kungur district (Perm Krai). Methodologically, animal names are considered in the article in line with the theory of derivation, that is, as a result of dynamic processes at different levels of the language system. It is necessary to distinguish between nicknames that appeared in the course of zoonymic transformations and those that appeared due to transformations of ready-made lexical means (products of pre-zoonymic transformations). We have found that the first ones form as a result of six types of derivation: word-forming derivation (with the formation of words that are absent in the literary language), lexical and word-forming derivation (with the formation of words that are homonymous to the words of the literary language), lexical derivation (with the use of non-derived words that are absent in the literary language: neologisms and barbarisms), lexical-semantic derivation (with the reinterpretation of the semantics of the generating word), lexical-grammatical derivation (with the functional transformation of the generating word), morphological derivation (with the grammatical transformation of the generating word). The words of the second group are included in the zoonymicon through lexical derivation (using derived and non-derived words of the literary language), lexical-semantic derivation (with semantic transformation of all-Russian words), morphological-syntactic derivation (with a change of the part of speech of all-Russian words). Within these types, certain derivational models are implemented, in particular k-suffixation, word convergence based on paronomasia, onymization and transonymization, substantivization, etc. The paper provides a conclusion about a variety of ways of forming modern zoonymicon, about the specificity of some particular derivational models for the given sample.
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Shkapenko, Tatiana, and Svetlana Vaulina. "Problems on Terminology and Theoretical Description of Language Derivation Levels." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (March 2021): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.6.16.
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The paper focuses on the system of terms used in Russian linguistics to denote the processes of language derivation. The existence of significant contradictions in their using is explained by the improper assignment of the generic term "derivation" to a separate language level – word formation. It is argued that a single-word non-attributive term should serve the purpose of nominating a concept that applies to all levels of the language. The terms denoting different varieties of derivation should include attributive characteristics, as it is in the case of terminology combination "semantic derivation". The features of the cognitive mechanisms underlying each of the types of derivation are determined, and the degree of their relevance to the development criterion as a core meaning of the lexeme "derivation" is established. A general typology of derivational processes is proposed. The term "derivation" within this typology is used for denoting the process of secondary nominative signs formation in hyperonimic sense, which includes the semantic, morphological and graphical derivation levels. The internal classification of each of the above-mentioned levels is developed. The main differences between them are presented with the help of formalized semantic records. The belonging of semantic and morphological derivation to the system language processes is proved, while graphoderivation is described as an aside-system phenomenon based on the game deconstruction of a language sign and violation of the conventions of its homogeneous semiotic representation.
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Vajda, Edward J. "Making new words: Morphological derivation in English." WORD 63, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2017.1386896.
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Luthfan, Muhammad Aqil, and Syamsul Hadi. "Morfologi Bahasa Arab: Reformulasi Sistem Derivasi dan Infleksi." Alsina : Journal of Arabic Studies 1, no. 1 (August 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/alsina.1.1.2599.
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Morphology, in the study of Arabic linguistics known as the discipline ‘ilm al-ṣarf, as part of grammar which examines the internal structure of words, has an urgency to be studied in depth. Especially in the context of Arabic studies that embrace typologies of complex inflective languages. This article examines the Arabic morphological system from a modern linguistic perspective, especially on derivational and inflectional changes. The discussion begins on the conception of derivation and inflection in the view of modern linguistics, as an introduction to see the system of derivation and inflection changes in Arabic linguistics. Morphological theories of Arabic grammars, in this article developed and communicated with modern linguistic theories. From this development a new formula was produced in the study of Arabic morphology which is expected to provide a more systematic description of the understanding of the Arabic morphological system.
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Muhammad Waseem. "Classifying Urdu Verbs Using Rule Based Approach." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 5, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2021.0501178.
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To make dictionaries complete and to keep their size restricted, there is an approach in the linguistic world to equip these dictionaries with morphological information. This module of morphological information is usually known as a morphological analyzer or morphological classifier, which normally contains the complete possible linguistic information about each word for that particular language and it also describes the rules of derivations from the root of a word and its various inflections, respectively. In this work, a classifier for Urdu verbs (CUV) is proposed which is still a challenging research issue, as Urdu is a language of high inflection and derivation. The available stemmers for Urdu do not provide enough information about inflectional and derivational forms of words. Also, morphological classifiers available for Urdu are not worthy of handling various problems and delivering results that prune errors. In our work, a rule based CUV is designed which is able to classify 63 forms of Urdu verbs successfully out of 66. Available Urdu language processing tools are very rare compared to other higher inflectional languages such as German, Turkish, etc., which have competitive morphological classifiers. However, the studies related to Urdu verb morphological classification are identified and a comparative study is presented in this article. In short, this work is a positive contribution to the community, and it provides sufficient information with promising results specifically on inflectional and derivational forms of Urdu verbs.
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Taran, Alla. "Semantic ratio between terms in search for the iSybislaw system: grounds for forming equivalent classes." Terminological Bulletin, no. 5 (2019): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-14.
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The article analyzes the terminology of speech dynamics, in particular the semantic relation between the terms in the language of the search of the iSybislaw system: the names of the varieties of secondary nomination and semantic derivation. The specificity of semantic neologisms is that they express different types of derivative meanings, the development of which may occur primarily in a non-morphological way of word formation, which does not involve changing the form of the word. We classify semantic innovations as a new meaning in the semantics of an already existing word. Researchers of dynamic processes in lexicon, a new meaning of the present word, as a consequence of its semantic derivation, are distinguished as a kind of neologism. N. Z. Kottelova points to the existence of “neologisms-values” as emerging as a result of semantic derivations on the basis of metaphor and other transfers of nomination or verbal derivation, when the semantic neologism was formed morphologically. In modern linguistic literature there are different classifications of the types of semantic changes that cause the derivation of the meanings of verbal units. The formal-semantic relation between the terms for the meaning of semantic changes in the language of the keywords of the iSybislaw information retrieval system represents not only duplicity, but also more and more meaningful differences in such terms, the need for their aspect of the article. In our opinion, the specifics of semantic neologisms are that they express different types of derivative meanings, the development of which may occur primarily in a non-morphological way of word formation, which does not involve changing the form of the word. The varieties of semantic derivation are: metaphorical transfer, metonymy, expansion of meaning, narrowing, semantic shift (preservation of semantic volume). The expansion and narrowing of the nominating volume are closely related to the processes of termination and determinism. Semantic traces are considered as part of semantic neologisms formed by verbal derivation on the basis of a common form of known values with new borrowings. The results of semantic changes may also be the improvements (reclamation) and deterioration (pejorations) of values (along with its narrowing or expansion); gain, hyper-semantic value; desemation. Semantic processes include the processes of depoliticization and deideologization of certain groups of words. To display the semantic potential of vocabulary, it is extremely necessary not only to identify and describe the effects of semantic changes of different types, but also to unify the terminology of their designation, to develop a conceptual and methodical-procedural apparatus for their analysis, to determine the criteria for their normalization and codification for fixing in the Ukrainian dictionaries the register of new generation and future electronic thesaurus of Slavic linguistic terminology, the need for which is becoming increasingly clear to the developers of the iSybislaw system.
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Vainio, Seppo, Anneli Pajunen, and Tuomo Häikiö. "Acquisition of Finnish derivational morphology: School-age children and young adults." First Language 39, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723718805185.
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The current study examined how morpho-semantic processing of derivational morphology develops from later childhood through adolescence to adulthood in Finnish. Finnish is a synthetic language rich both in derivation and inflection. It has been suggested that children gradually acquire the ability to process morphologically complex word structures. However, this development could be delayed because of the complex derivational morphology in Finnish. To assess this, three age groups of Finnish native speakers participated in a priming study, in which they made a visual lexical decision for the target words. There were three types of primes: morphologically related words, pseudowords, and unrelated words. The reaction times results showed a significant difference between all the groups, which implies that the word processing is still developing in adolescence. The error rates unveiled a similar pattern to reaction times. The prime type affected the recognition: words with morphological primes were processed faster than words with pseudoword primes, which in turn were processed faster than words with unrelated primes. Moreover, males made significantly more errors than females with morphological and pseudoword prime conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Morphological derivation"
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Eldeeb, Muftah Bashir. "THE ACQUISITION OF DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY BY ARAB LEARNERS OF ENGLISH: VERB>NOUN DERIVATION." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1185.
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This study examines seven deverbal nominalizing suffixes through theoretical framework and previous research. They include the morphological aspects, productivity of suffixes, base-driven approach and phonological neutral and nonneutral suffixes. Learners participated in an instrument to account for their competence of verb-noun derivation. The participants presented knowledge of relational, syntactic and relatively distributional morphology. Also, some suffixes are more productive than others and that was shown through the level of accuracy of these suffixes. The suffixes -ing, -er, and (at)-ion are of high accuracy and thus productive. Whereas the suffixes -ment, -ent/-ant, -ence/-ance and -al are less accurate and less productive. The underlying reason behind the productivity and non-productivity of these suffixes is because of the phonological transparency factors. Suffixes that do not cause internal phonological changes in the base presented high accuracy and easily learned, while suffixes that require internal phonological changes posed challenges to learners. The -ment suffix is neutral, no internal change required, however; its accuracy went down in this study.
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Darby, Jeannique A. "The processing of conversion in English : morphological complexity and underspecification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:17ac8ebc-82b8-4aa8-b61d-5fe9f310a09c.
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This thesis investigates a subset of the lexical items which appear to be involved in the phenomenon of conversion in English. In its most canonical form, conversion involves pairs or sets of word forms which share both their phonological (and orthographic) form as well as some element of meaning, but which seem to belong to di↵erent word classes. In this study, the focus is on the relationships (or lack thereof) between monosyllabic verbal and nominal forms in conversion pairs. The investigation takes as a starting point the patterns of linguistic behaviour within and across these pairs. The situation which is revealed is complex, but not unsystematic. Instead, it is shown that in many cases, the relationship between the nominal and verbal forms is clearly asymmetrical. In contrast to these clearer patterns, however, there are also a number of cases wherein the relationship appears to be more symmetrical in nature. In view of the complexity of the situation, the question of how to best model the linguistic behaviour of such forms has been a subject of some debate in the literature. A variety of theoretical explanations for these relationships have been proposed, though none has managed to account for the wide range of data. This study therefore suggests a mixed model, in which asymmetrically-related forms are involved in a derivational morphological process, while symmetrical forms represent inflected forms of a single lexeme which lacks a specification of word class. However, given the fertile – and in no way settled – research background, the primary contribution of this study is an experimental exploration of how these forms and the relationships between them might be synchronically represented in the mental grammar of current speakers. To that end, three behavioural experiments are conducted with a view to uncovering how di↵erent types of conversion items are processed, and how information about their processing might inform our theoretical understanding. The results of these experiments suggest that the processing of these forms is indeed in line with the patterns of symmetry and asymmetry found in their linguistic behaviour, and suggests that some conversion pairs may be involved in a derivational process, while others may not be pairs at all but rather a single, underspecified lexical entry. However, in addition to the results concerning the forms which display clearer patterns of behaviour, it is suggested that the patterns across the phenomenon of conversion as a whole may best be understood as a continuum, rather than all suggesting a single underlying pattern of mental representation.
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Kravchenko-Biberson, Olga. "Actualisation, intensité et saillance : raz mot autonome et préfixe en russe contemporain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF003/document.
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A travers l’analyse du fonctionnement de la forme RAZ, qui peut correspondre en russe contemporain soit à un mot autonome, soit à un préfixe, cette thèse se veut une contribution à l’étude de la sémantique des unités polycatégorielles, mais aussi à l’approfondissement des notions d’intensité et de saillance. L’analyse s’appuie sur le modèle général de la construction du sens et de la référence élaboré dans le cadre de la Théorie des Opérations Prédicatives et Enonciatives développée à partir des travaux d’Antoine Culioli et tient compte des conditions discursives (situation, cotexte, contexte) dans lesquelles apparaît RAZ. Elle aboutit à l’élaboration d’une signification invariante pour chacun de ses emplois catégoriels comme mot autonome et comme préfixe. Chaque invariant est défini non comme une valeur abstraite ou une valeur prototypique, mais comme un schéma qui indique le rôle spécifique joué par RAZ dans les interactions avec son cotexte. Les invariants proposés sont élaborés sur des critères distributionnels et formels précis, tels que la sémantique catégorielle de RAZ, sa fonction syntaxique, la nature et la fonction syntaxique de sa portée. On démontre que malgré l’existence de deux étymons à la sémantique différente, une partie des emplois du préfixe raz- est en fait rattachable au mot autonome raz. Ils relèvent d’une même sémantique de l’actualisation, qui est à la base de l’interprétation intensive et des effets de mises en saillance associés à certains emplois de RAZ. De là découle la difficulté à les traiter au niveau lexicographique, car leur description nécessite la prise en compte des facteurs énonciatifs et du contexte d’emploi largeThis thesis analyses the functioning of the form RAZ that in contemporary Russian can be either a word or a prefix, and is intended as a contribution to the study of the semantics of polycategorical lexical items as well as to a better understanding of the notions of intensity and salience. The analysis is based on the model of meaning and reference construction elaborated within the framework of the Theory of the Predicative and Enunciative Operations developed by Antoine Culioli’s associates, and takes into consideration the discursive conditions (situation, co-text, context) under which RAZ occurs. It results in the elaboration of a semantic invariant for each categorical use of RAZ as a word and as a prefix. Each invariant is defined not as an abstract value or a prototypic value, but as a schema that indicates the specific role played by RAZ in the interactions with its co-text. The proposed invariants are developed on the basis of specific distributional and formal criteria, such as the categorical semantics of RAZ, its syntactic function, the nature and the function of its scope. It is demonstrated that despite the existence of two etymons with different meanings, some of the uses of the prefix raz- are, in fact, attachable to the word raz. They emerge from the semantics of actualisation (in Bally’s sense), which is responsible for the intensive interpretation and the effects of salience proper to certain uses of RAZ. Hence the difficulty in treating them on the lexicographic level, since their description requires consideration of enunciative factors and of the wider context
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Schuster, Swetlana. "Lexical gaps and morphological complexity : the role of intermediate derivational steps." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:41346813-951f-4284-9fe1-39bc2231999b.
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In this thesis, we present a multi-method investigation of how lexical gaps, defined here as morphologically and phonologically viable formations, are processed in derivational chains. Due to a focus on the processing of single-affixed words in the experimental literature, little is known about the role of intermediate steps of derivation during morphological decomposition. In a series of four behavioural experiments, we show that while all morphologically well-formed items activate a base word that is two derivational steps away, speakers are sensitive to the internal composition of visually matched novel forms. Items like *Spitzung (spitz > spitzen > *Spitzung) primed their stem more than pseudowords containing two lexical gaps in their derivational chain such as hübsch > *hübschen > *Hübschung. Similar patterns emerged in an ERP (Event-related potentials) experiment using cross-modal priming: novel forms in the *Spitzung set displayed significantly stronger attenuation of the N400 response to the target spitz than items for which the intermediate position in the derivational chain is a lexical gap such as *Hübschung, thereby demonstrating a stronger link between pairs without a lexical gap in the intermediate position. Building on previous neuroimaging research on the processing of derivational depth in morphological complexity (cf. Meinzer et al., 2009; Pliatsikas et al., 2014), we subsequently turned to a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the neural correlates of morphological complexity processing with lexical gaps. Both sets of pseudowords showed greater activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus relative to existing complex words as an index of prolonged lexical search. A direct comparison between the two sets of novel forms revealed stronger activation in the right superior parietal lobule and precuneus for pseudowords with lexical gaps in the intermediate position. These findings lend support to the idea that morphological decomposition involves the inspection of intermediate levels of morphological composition as a stepwise procedure that is informed by the structural rules of the language.
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Quadros, Emanuel Souza de. "Competição morfológica e ilhas de confiabilidade na morfologia derivacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131626.
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No domínio da morfologia derivacional, é difícil encontrar padrões de formação de palavras que possam se aplicar a todas as bases que se encaixam em seus contextos de aplicação. Isso equivale a dizer que a produtividade de padrões derivacionais costuma ser limitada. Entre as causas dessa limitação, vemos que formações potenciais são frequentemente bloqueadas por itens lexicais já existentes; em outros casos, elas são suplantadas por expressões formadas por padrões derivacionais concorrentes. Este trabalho dedica-se a explorar tais situações de competição. Iniciamos pelo exame da ideia de produtividade e de como entender as diferenças quantitativas entre padrões rivais quanto a este aspecto. Fazemos, em seguida, uma discussão mais detida da competição morfológica e da noção central de bloqueio, contrapondo às teorias gramaticais de base lexical uma abordagem pragmática deste fenômeno. Por fim, apresentamos o modelo desenvolvido em Albright e Hayes (1999) e em trabalhos posteriores, que explora a ideia de que o grau de confiabilidade do emprego de padrões morfológicos em diferentes contextos fonológicos é um fator determinante da produtividade desses padrões, bem como da competição entre eles. Testamos este modelo utilizando dados dos sufixos -ção e -mento, que se encontram em competição há bastante tempo no português. Estes dados provêm do Dicionário Houaiss 3.0 e de um levantamento de textos de jornais e blogs, coletados com o auxílio de programas computacionais desenvolvivdos para este trabalho. Nossos resultados sugerem que a manutenção da produtividade de -mento ao longo da história, mesmo após -ção ter se tornado o padrão dominante de nominalização, foi escorada pela existência de contextos fonológicos em que -mento atinge um alto grau de confiabilidade. Dada a produtividade da primeira conjugação, foram particularmente importantes os contextos de aplicação de -mento encontrados entre palavras desta classe verbal. Com base nestas generalizações, mostramos como um modelo estatístico é capaz de prever, na maior parte dos casos, a escolha entre estes dois afixos diante de uma nova base verbal.In the field of derivational morphology, it is hard to find word formation patterns that may be applied to every base satisfying its context of application. This means that the productivity of derivational patterns is often limited. Among the causes of this limitation, we find that potential words are blocked by existing lexical items in many cases; in other cases, they are preempted by expressions formed by rival derivational patterns. This work devotes itself to exploring these instances of competition. We start by exploring the concept of productivity and by investigating how to understand quantitative differences between rival patterns in this respect. We then proceeed to a more detailed discussion of morphological competition and the fundamental notion of blocking, comparing a pragmatic approach to this phenomenon with lexicalist grammatical theories. Finally, we present the model of Albright e Hayes (1999) and later works, which explores the idea that the reliability of morphological patterns in different phonological contexts is a key determinant of the productivity of these patterns and the competition between them. We test this model on data formed by the suffixes -ção and -mento, which have been in competition for a long time in Portuguese. These data come from Dicionário Houaiss 3.0 and from a corpus created from newspapers and blogs with the help of software developed for this research. Our results suggest that the continued productivity of -mento throughout history, even after -ção had become the dominant nominalization pattern in the language, was supported by the existence of phonological contexts in which -mento reaches a high degree of reliability. Given the productivity of the first conjugation, contexts of application of -mento in words of this verbal class have shown to be especially important. We show that a statistical model equipped with these generalizations is able to predict the choice between these affixes in most cases.
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Benson-Goldberg, Sofia. "Spelling of Derivationally Complex Words: The Role of Phonological, Orthographic, and Morphological Features." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5182.
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Spelling ability is not static; rather, as children age, learning how to encode morphophonologically complex words in conventional ways is motivated by the increasingly complex demands imposed by academic experiences with morphologically complex words. Success requires ongoing integration of phonological (P), orthographic (O) and morphological (M) knowledge. However, current research on the development and assessment of spelling has not sufficiently accounted for the way word features and participant characteristics interact with students' POM knowledge in the spelling of derived words. This study used a linear mixed effects regression approach to provide new insights about how both word characteristics and students' linguistic knowledge affected the application of POM from grades 3-7 in the spelling of derived forms.
Spelling data (WIAT-II) were taken from a larger longitudinal study focused on reading development (Garcia et. al., 2010). Eleven words from the WIAT-II with derivational morphology (which included one inflected form with a derived homophone possibility) were analyzed first with the Phonological Orthographic Morphological Analysis of Spelling (POMAS; an unconstrained scoring system) in order to identify linguistic feature errors within misspellings. Next, misspellings were quantified with the POMplexity metric to evaluate the individual and combined influences of phonology (P), orthography (O), and morphology (M) to derivational misspellings over time.
A linear mixed effects regression approach evaluated the impact of item-level characteristics (derivational frequency and shifts), participant characteristics (rime, spelling choice and morphological awareness task scores), and time (grade level) on POMplexity scores. Results indicated item-level characteristics, participant characteristics and time significantly predicted variation in P, O, M, and total POMplexity scores. Frequency had a significant impact on scores, with high frequency words resulting in lower POMplexity scores than low frequency words and these effects were most obvious in grades 3 and 4. Slope differences between words suggested that low frequency misspellings resolve more rapidly than high frequency words.
Derivational shift was shown to have a significant interaction with time for O, M and Total scores, but not P scores. In all cases, the slopes for derived words with no shift improved more quickly than shift categories. Finally, performance on measures on the measures of linguistic skill correlated to improved scores for the related POMplexity code.
These results strongly suggest that the developmental course of learning to spell derivations is not a linear accumulation of POM knowledge, but instead is a recursive process with both general and word-specific knowledge affecting how an individual student produces a derivational spelling at any given point in time. Contributions of word characteristics, such as frequency and number/type of derivational shift, suggest that morphemic features challenge encoding; that is, increased complexity taxes the system's ability to represent both sound and meaning orthographically. Educational and clinical implications will be described.
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Deaver, Guinevere J. "The Effects of Frequency on Dual-Route Versus Single-Route Processing of Morphologically Complex Terms: A Usage-Based Experiment." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4282.
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With the availability of frequency dictionaries, such as Alameda and Cuetos (1995) or the Corpus del Español (2002), it is now possible to explore the effects of frequency on linguistic items. The following is a study exploring the effects of frequency on Spanish affixed words. While the debate of dual-route versus single-route processing continues, the results of this study suggest that L2 Spanish speakers use a dual-route model and decompose morphologically complex words when the base frequency is higher than the surface frequency. L2 Spanish speakers perceive derived words with a higher base frequency as more complex than derived words with a lower base frequency. The results of this study do not suggest the same process occurs for native Spanish speakers. When asked to identify the more complex word of a pair, native Spanish speakers are just as likely to select the derived word with a lower base frequency as they are to select the derived word with a higher base frequency suggesting a single-route model.
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ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, Andrea. "České ekvivalenty německých kompozit na příkladu vybraných textů z oblasti hotelnictví a turismu v Rakousku." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-381471.
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The thesis deals with the differences in Czech and German language in the word-formation, specifically the issue of composite. The main part is devoted to the word-formation of both languages possibilities of vocabulary enrichment are given, important terms of the word-formation are defined and word forming kinds are introduced. It is further processed the theory of composite concepts from different authors. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that in German language appear significantly more composites than sketched options of their Czech equivalents and create a list of Czech equivalent structures. As the basis for this analysis are used texts from the field of hotel industry and tourism in Austria, which are available online on the websites of tourist portals (www.oberoesterreich.at and www.niederoesterreich.at).
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Luo, Zheng-jie, and 羅政杰. "A Study of the Effects of Derivational Suffix Instruction on EFL Majors’ Morphological Knowledge." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73543020836493200003.
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碩士玄奘大學
外國語文學系碩士班
96
ABSTRACT Vocabulary as an essential part of a language learner’s linguistic competence has recently won increasing attention among both language educators and researchers. Teachers at school are encouraged to explicitly teach vocabulary and students are encouraged to enlarge their vocabulary sizes. To help facilitate the build-up of a proper vocabulary size at each stage in second or foreign language acquisition, many researchers have proposed a great number of effective strategies that are employed by successful language learners. Among the various effective vocabulary learning strategies is one in which learners study the morphological elements of words such as prefixes, suffixes, and roots. By studying the formation of derivationally related words, learners can acquire words more easily and expand their vocabulary size more readily and with less difficulty in memory work. The present study aims to explore the effects of the instruction of English derivational suffixes on EFL majors’ morphological knowledge at the college level in Taiwan. The subjects in this study are forty–one junior EFL majors who take a language course of Vocabulary and Reading in a university in northern Taiwan. Eighteen English derivational suffixes, together with the root words and the derived words are taught in contexts to the subjects in a period of 16 weeks. Pretests and posttests are given respectively before and after the 16-week-long instruction to test the subjects’ morphological knowledge of the derivational suffixes, both receptive and productive. The results of both tests are studied and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively to see how much improvement is made, or what positive effects on the morphological knowledge are. In addition, a questionnaire is administered to the subjects to elicit information of their derivational word knowledge, attitudes toward derivational word-form learning, and opinions on the teaching strategy in study. An interview is made to 7 of the subjects to elicit direct information concerning the subjects’ reactions to and self-evaluation of the teaching strategy. It is found from the results in the study that the majority of the subjects have better scores in the posttests than in the pretests after 16 weeks of derivational suffix instruction. And most of the subjects hold a positive attitude toward the implementation of the derivational suffix teaching approach. Many of them respond that the derivational suffix approach is helping them expand their vocabulary size and they believe they are using it as an effectively learning strategy in vocabulary acquisition. The implication is that derivational suffix instruction has its positive effects in improving EFL learners’ morphological knowledge and EFL learners, especially those at the college level, can profit from it if they do use it as a vocabulary learning strategy in the process of reading or independent vocabulary item acquisition.
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Khanum, Khadija Kanwal. "Morpological Architecturing of Electroactive Materials in Organic Electronics." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3525.
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Morphological architecturing is one of the smart and efficient ways to maximize the number of excitons harvested from the known photoactive materials and existing fabrication technologies. Surfaces and interfaces play a vital role in absorbing light and therefore when patterned regularly, aid in the improvement of light absorption. This thesis deals with the study of light management by morphologically architecturing the organic electroactive materials. Here, morphological architecturing is carried out using electrospinning technique by optimizing various parameters. In the first part, organic photovoltaic system is tailored by morphologically modifying the conjugated polymer active layer and analyzing the enhancement in light collection and hence performance of photovoltaic devices. In the second part, the prospects of using free standing buffer layer instead of thin film buffer layer in a solar cell is evaluated. Furthermore, the study on morphological engineering of conjugated small molecule is carried out, by varying the solvents and derivatives, in order to control morphologies by understanding the underlying mechanism. Overall this thesis attempts to understand the fundamentals in morphological architecturing, by physical architecturing of the small molecules in a device for light management applications as well as demonstrating improvement in light absorption in existing organic photovoltaic systems.
In the introduction chapter, a brief description of organic photovoltaics is given followed by highlighting the importance of processing methods in light management and in organic photovoltaics. The significance of structured architecture in improving the device characteristics is presented. The issues and challenges in existing architecturing techniques available in literature are discussed. Electrospinning as a tool for morphological modification for organic photovoltaics is demonstrated. This is followed by an outline of the thesis.
In Chapter 2, brief description of procedures carried out for fabrication, characterization and optimization of electrospinning process parameters are discussed. The description of fabrication procedures including electrospinning, spincoating and thermal evaporation are given. Characterization techniques used in this thesis for surface and feature analysis, structural, compositional, optical and opto-electrical analyses are described. Optimization of electrospinning process parameters in obtaining various morphologies are evaluated.
In Chapter 3, enhancement of device characteristics of poly (3-hexylthiophene): phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT: PCBM) by changing active layer film morphology into network structure is elucidated. Network structure is provided by electrospraying assisted hierarchical assembly of short fibrils. Effect of electrospraying parameters such as solvent, polymer blend concentration, applied voltage, tip to collector distance, flow rate and deposition time are analyzed. Solvent and applied voltage are observed to be the major parameters governing the formation of network structure. The optimized conditions are used to investigate the optical and structural properties. Percent reflectance studies showed improvement in light absorption due to increase in surface area. Structural characterization studies indicate an increase in orientation of crystallites and crystallinity as compared to spincoated samples. The optimized conditions along with additional spincoated layer of P3HT:PCBM are used to fabricate bulk heterojunction device. Device characteristics exhibited an increase in short circuit current and thus increase in efficiency from 2.18% to 3.66%. There is a enhancement of 37.5% going from maximum external quantum efficiency of 40%-55% for electrosprayed and spincoated devices. It is anticipated that network morphology could be the next possible structure to be explored in organic photovoltaic materials.
In Chapter 4, photonic structure is analyzed and compared. A photonics device requires uniform periodic structural arrangement. Various techniques are used to fabricate these types of structures, employing several steps of fabrication. This work proposes single step hierarchical array of equal submicron size porous structure fabricated by tuning electrospinning processing parameters. The dictating process parameters on evolving structure are high voltage, tip to collector distance and solvent. Morphological and optical investigations suggest that uniform periodic topography helps in light scattering leading to multi reflection and thus enhancement in light absorption. This structure is evaluated as active layer in organic photovoltaic devices using poly (3 hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend and its device characteristics are analyzed. Consistent and reliable device characteristics obtained through photonic structure is demonstrated. Finally, comparison is drawn to network structure to assess the advantages and limitations of both morphologies as active layer in organic photovoltaics.
In Chapter 5, instead of architecturing active layer the next polymer film layer in the organic solar cells, that is the hole transport layer is transformed into free standing nanofiber mats. Morphological, structural and surface wetting properties are assessed for these nanofiber mats followed by fabrication of inverted organic solar cell. The free standing nanofibers mats are obtained by electrospinning the blend of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) a conducting water soluble polymer with other water soluble polymers such as poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly ethylene oxide (PEO). The study is further extended by employing two batches of PEDOT:PSS of varying conductivity that are analyzed side by side for six ternary and two binary blends each. Electrospinning parameters such as applied voltage and flow rate are optimized and fibers of diameter 150-200 nm are obtained. Maximum content of PEDOT:PSS with which free standing fiber mats could be achieved are 98 and 99%. Subsequent increase in PEDOT:PSS results in formation of beads. Surface wetting behavior showed that hydrophillicity increases with increase in PEDOT:PSS content. Devices are fabricated and the variation in characteristics and charge collection with respect to addition of PEO and PVA are discussed.
In Chapter 6, a conjugated small molecule is taken as case study unlike the use of the conjugated polymer studies in previous chapters. A mechanism is proposed for tuning the sphere-spike morphology and also to control the crystallite size through solvent management using a conjugated small molecule. Electrospraying of an organic molecule is carried out using various solvents, obtaining fibril structures along with a range of distinct morphologies. Solvent characteristics play a major role in achieving the morphology of the organic material. A thiophene derivative (7, 9-di (thiophen-2-yl)-8H-cyclopenta [a]acenaphthylen-8-one) (DTCPA) of donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) architecture is used to study this solvent effect. Seven solvents with decreasing vapor pressure are selected for experiments. Electrospraying is conducted at a solution concentration of 1.5 wt % and a constant applied voltage of 15 kV. Gradual transformation in morphology of the electrospun product from spikes-sphere to only spikes is observed. A mechanism describing this transformation is proposed based on the electron micrograph analysis and XRD analysis. These data indicate that the morphological change is due to the synergistic effect of both vapor pressure and dielectric constant of the solvents. Through a reasonable control over the crystallites size and morphology along with supporting transformation mechanism theory, the work in this chapter elucidates electrospraying as a prospective method for designing the architectures in organic electronics.
In Chapter 7, light management studies are carried out by morphologically architecturing the carbazole derivatives through electrospraying. The effect of derivatives on morphology is analyzed. The two carbazole derivatives; carbazole-benzothiadiazole (Cz-Bz) resulted in 2D structures and carbazole-benzothiadiazole-bithiophene (Cz-Bz-Bt) resulted in 3D structures after electrospraying. These structures are further analyzed to study the effect of vapor pressure of solvents and solution concentration. Structural characteristics indicate that electrospraying imparts change in molecular structure orientation. Optical studies showed 19 – 31% enhancement in light absorption. Further, three types of organic photovoltaic devices are fabricated and the opto-electrical properties are evaluated. Also, the effect of substrate on morphological formation is assessed.
In Chapter 8, the major contributions and conclusions drawn from the morphological architecturing of both conjugated polymers and small molecules are summarized, along with few recommendations for future research.
Books on the topic "Morphological derivation"
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Morphological productivity: Structural constraints in English derivation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999.
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Making new words: Morphological derivation in English. Oxford University Press, 2014.
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Plag, Ingo. Morphological Productivity: Structural Constraints in English Derivation. De Gruyter, Inc., 1999.
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Glanville, Peter John. The Lexical Semantics of the Arabic Verb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.001.0001.
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This book is an investigation of Arabic derivational morphology that focuses on the relationship between verb meaning and linguistic form. Beginning with the ground form, the book offers a comprehensive analysis of the most common verb patterns of Arabic from a lexical semantic perspective. Peter Glanville explains why verbs with seemingly unrelated meanings share the same phonological shape, and analyses sets of words that contain the same consonantal root to arrive at a common abstraction. He uses both contemporary and historical data to explore the semantics of reflexivity, symmetry, causation, and repetition, and argues that the verb patterns of Arabic that express these phenomena have come about as the result of grammaticalization and analogical processes that are common crosslinguistically. The book adopts an approach to morphology in which rule-based derivation has created word patterns and consonantal roots, with the result that in some derivations roots may be extracted from a source word and plugged in to a pattern. It illustrates the semantic relationship between a source word and its derivative, while also offering evidence to support the view of the consonantal root as a morphological object.
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Booij, Geert. The Morphology of Dutch. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838852.001.0001.
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This book is the first fully-fledged description of the morphological system of Dutch in English. Inflection, derivation, and compounding are each discussed in separate chapters, following a short exposé on the basic assumptions of morphological theory. The interaction of morphology with phonology and syntax is dealt with subsequently. The chapters also provide access to more detailed studies of Dutch that have appeared in the Dutch and international literature. The book shows that the morphology of Dutch poses many interesting descriptive and theoretical issues. It contributes to ongoing discussions on the nature and representation of morphological processes, the role of paradigmatic relations between words, and between words and phrases, and the interaction between morphology, phonology, and syntax. Crucial use is made of the notion ‘construction’, a systematic pairing of form and meaning. The theoretical implication of this analysis of Dutch morphology is that the grammar of natural languages has to be conceived of a multi-dimensional network of abstract morphological and syntactic patterns and their instantiations as individual words and phrases. The book will be of relevance to students of Germanic languages, general linguists, typologists, computational linguists, and psycholinguists.
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Glanville, Peter John. Words, roots, and patterns. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 establishes the semantic makeup of word meaning in general, dividing it into semantic structure and conceptual content. It familiarizes the reader with roots and patterns in Arabic morphology, investigating the semantic abstractions discernable in sets of words that share a root, in addition to the semantic structure shared by words formed in the same pattern. The chapter introduces the notion of shape-invariant morphology, arriving at an approach to Arabic morphology in which some derivation is rule-based, with operations being carried out directly on base words, whereas another type of derivation involves root extraction from a source word. Word patterns are created when a morphological operation is carried out on a base word with some regularity. Once the pattern exists, a variety of base words can be mapped to it by root extraction, creating a uniform output regardless of the shape of the input word.
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Lieber, Rochelle, ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190682361.001.0001.
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The field of morphology has gained increasing importance in contemporary linguistics with the realization that it can no longer be narrowly construed as the study of the means by which complex words are formed. Rather, the study of morphology must be situated in the context of our understanding of the mental lexicon as a whole. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Morphology offers a sweeping introduction to the field, showing that morphology is not only an active area of study in its own right, but also a critical link between different subfields of linguistics. Led by Editor in Chief Rochelle Lieber and an editorial board of international experts, this collection includes 114 wide-ranging and in-depth articles encompassing all aspects of morphology, such as morphological units, inflection, derivation, compounding, and formal morphological means. Contributors at the forefront of the field discuss the major theoretical debates and methodological approaches, exploring the interface between morphology and phonology, syntax, and semantics, along with psycholinguistic, neurolinguistics, and sociolinguistic issues. The final section of the encyclopedia presents illustrative sketches of the morphological systems of a wide range of language families, from Arawak and Dravidian to Uralic and Niger-Congo languages , offering a wide range of cross-linguistic data that will be useful to both researchers and teachers.
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de Reuse, Willem J. Western Apache, a Southern Athabaskan Language. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.29.
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Western Apache belongs to the Southern or Apachean branch of the Athabaskan language family, (Nadene phylum) and is spoken by ca. 6,000 people in central and eastern Arizona, USA. Since there are very few children acquiring the language, it is endangered. The Western Apache noun word is morphologically simple, but the verb word is unusually complex. It can be characterized morphologically by what Sapir called “interrupted synthesis”, that is, a complex interdigitation of functionally diverse prefixal elements: inflectional prefixes, derivational prefixes, and thematic prefixes. Furthermore, the Athabaskan polysynthetic word is also characterized by extensive fusion or contraction of short prefix elements, prefix slippage, and haplology. As a result, the Athabaskan verb word is often between two and four syllables long, which is quite short when compared to words in more “orthodox” polysynthetic language families (Woodbury, Chapter 30, this volume) such as Eskimo-Aleut, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, and Wakashan.
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Ratcliffe, Robert R. Morphology. Edited by Jonathan Owens. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764136.013.0004.
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This article discusses the study of Arabic morphology. It first considers the root-and-pattern theory, which has become the orthodox approach to Arabic synchronic morphology. It then details the paradigm shift in the mid-1980s, when students of Arabic morphology reached the conclusion that a rigidly reductionist root-and-pattern analysis is fundamentally inadequate as a descriptive tool. This has led to a variety of alternative models, which can be loosely grouped under the rubric of word based or stem based. All such models have in common the idea that many or all morphological regularities in Arabic can be best described in terms of derivational processes operating on words or stems rather than in terms of combinations of roots and patterns.
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Chafe, Wallace. CADDO. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.33.
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Caddo is a member of the Caddoan language family, which includes also Wichita, Kitsai, Pawnee, and Arikara. Its verbs are typically polysynthetic, with a base composed of a variety of elements that include incorporated noun roots and various derivational prefixes and suffixes. This base is accompanied by pronominal prefixes expressing person and number and their role as agents, patients, or beneficiaries. Unusual is the division of these pronominal prefixes into realis and irrealis sets that have scope over an entire event or state. The base is followed by suffixes expressing tense and aspect. Caddo is not only polysynthetic but also highly fusional as a result of extensive sound changes that have obscured morpheme boundaries as well as resemblances between different parts of a paradigm. Morphological analysis requires the internal reconstruction of an earlier stage of the language when the composition of a verb was more transparent.
Book chapters on the topic "Morphological derivation"
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Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo. "Morphological structure and phonological domains in Spanish denominal derivation." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 278–311. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.99.11ber.
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Duran, Maximiliano. "Morphological Grammars to Generate and Annotate Verb Derivation in Quechua." In Formalizing Natural Languages with NooJ and Its Natural Language Processing Applications, 16–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73420-0_2.
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Ackerman, Farrell. "Aspectual contrasts and lexeme derivation in Estonian: a realization-based morphological perspective." In Yearbook of Morphology 2003, 13–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-1513-7_2.
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Abramov, Olga, and Tatiana Lokot. "Typology by Means of Language Networks: Applying Information Theoretic Measures to Morphological Derivation Networks." In Towards an Information Theory of Complex Networks, 321–46. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4904-3_11.
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Spencer, Andrew. "Ingo Plag, Morphological Productivity. Structural Constraints on English Derivation. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999." In Yearbook of Morphology 2000, 324–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3724-1_13.
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Schulmeyer, Christian, and Frank Keuper. "Morphological Psychology and its Potential for Derivation of Requirements from Web Applications using Examples of Customer Self Care Instruments." In Application Management, 217–64. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6492-2_9.
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Saturno, Jacopo. "Strategie di formazione delle parole in varietà iniziali di polacco L2." In Le lingue slave tra struttura e uso, 279–303. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-328-5.16.
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This paper describes word formation as observed in the earliest stages of L2 Polish. 31 L1 Italian beginning learners took part in a 14-hour Polish course, which was recorded, transcribed and morphologically tagged in order to correlate learner output with the relevant input features. After 4:30 hours, the learners could produce new words using the derivational suffix -k-, which in the input can be found in the majority of feminine nouns. This finding suggests that after minimal exposure, learners can identify the morphological structure of a class of nouns and reproduce it in their output.
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Romero, Juan. "Morphological constraints on syntactic derivations." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 237–58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.49.10rom.
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Ogawa, Yasuhiro, Muhtar Mahsut, Katsuhiko Toyama, and Yasuyoshi Inagaki. "Derivational grammar approach to morphological analysis of Japanese sentences." In PRICAI’98: Topics in Artificial Intelligence, 424–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0095289.
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Fraz, M. M., P. Remagnino, A. Hoppe, B. Uyyanonvara, Christopher G. Owen, Alicja R. Rudnicka, and S. A. Barman. "Retinal Vessel Extraction Using First-Order Derivative of Gaussian and Morphological Processing." In Advances in Visual Computing, 410–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24028-7_38.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Morphological derivation"
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Trost, Harald. "Coping with derivation in a morphological component." In the sixth conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/976744.976787.
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Galochkina, Tatiana. "Word formative structure of words with the root lěp- in Old Russian written records." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.10121g.
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System of derivational morphology of the Old Russian language has its own characteristics based on the origin of the book vocabulary, which consisted mainly of Proto-Slavic words and calques from Greek words. The main morphological way of word formation was the heritage of the Proto-Slavic language, which developed together with the formation of morphemes as a language unit. Active derivation took place during the formation of the Old Russian book vocabulary. During this period an uninterrupted process began the creation of book translations from the Greek into Church Slavonic. The ancient scribes made extensive use of Greek words calquing, which especially intensified the creation of compound words. Compound words were formed according to the models of Greek composites, but using Russian morphemes. As a result of this process, the lexical fund of the literary language was created, which included words with the root *lěp-. Such words are contained in ancient Russian written records (“Life of St. Sava the Sanctified”, composed by St. Cyril Skifopolsky, “The Life of St. Andrew the Fool”, “The Chronicle” by John Malalas, “The Chronicle” by George Amartol, “History of the Jewish War” by Josephus Flavius, Christianopolis (Acts and Epistles of the Apostles), Uspensky Сollection of XII–XIII centuries etc.). In the article will be considered the word formative structure of words with the root lěp-.
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Galochkina, Tatiana. "Word formative structure of words with the root lěp- in Old Russian written records." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.10121g.
Full textAbstract:
System of derivational morphology of the Old Russian language has its own characteristics based on the origin of the book vocabulary, which consisted mainly of Proto-Slavic words and calques from Greek words. The main morphological way of word formation was the heritage of the Proto-Slavic language, which developed together with the formation of morphemes as a language unit. Active derivation took place during the formation of the Old Russian book vocabulary. During this period an uninterrupted process began the creation of book translations from the Greek into Church Slavonic. The ancient scribes made extensive use of Greek words calquing, which especially intensified the creation of compound words. Compound words were formed according to the models of Greek composites, but using Russian morphemes. As a result of this process, the lexical fund of the literary language was created, which included words with the root *lěp-. Such words are contained in ancient Russian written records (“Life of St. Sava the Sanctified”, composed by St. Cyril Skifopolsky, “The Life of St. Andrew the Fool”, “The Chronicle” by John Malalas, “The Chronicle” by George Amartol, “History of the Jewish War” by Josephus Flavius, Christianopolis (Acts and Epistles of the Apostles), Uspensky Сollection of XII–XIII centuries etc.). In the article will be considered the word formative structure of words with the root lěp-.
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Musil, Tomáš, Jonáš Vidra, and David Mareček. "Derivational Morphological Relations in Word Embeddings." In Proceedings of the 2019 ACL Workshop BlackboxNLP: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4818.
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Zhang, Beizhen. "Morphological decomposition in second language derivational processing." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2015.7279569.
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Wowo, Ding, and Guo Pengyu. "The role of original plots and building types in the morphological research of Chinese traditional village tissues." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5279.
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In Chinese traditional village, the morphological transformation of village tissue was embedded in the changing of co-existing morphological elements contains original plots, that recorded the geographical evidence of social structural changing from traditional private ownership economy to rural collective economy. The internal relationships of original plots, derivative plots and building types require investigation in detail as theoretical praxis in the morphological research of village. Several questions need to be clarified: is that the plot restricted to the block, or the plots constitute the block? Is that plot limits building types or building type decides the size of the plot? Whether the plot can be re-divided when the building belong to its kept unchanging? And how the building type transited when the plots size reducing or extending? Focusing on a village in north of China this paper will investigate how the morphological elements worked and acted during the village transformation, based on the field survey, village records and the family documents. Our results will indicate that the role of the street, plots and building types were different between villages and urban, which were interacted each other differently. The concepts derivative plots and the co-relation between the plots, the derivative plots and building types of the village are developed.
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Mbangi, La Ino, La Ode Sidu Marafad, and La Yani Konisi. "DERIVATIONAL SYSTEM OF CIACIA LANGUAGE A STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL." In Annual International Conference on Language, Literature & Linguistics (L3 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum ( GSTF ), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l316.61.
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Jang, Dae-Geun, Jang-Ho Park, Seung-Hun Park, and Minsoo Hahn. "A morphological approach to calculation of the second derivative of photoplethysmography." In 2010 10th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2010.5656472.
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Deubzer, Frank, and Udo Lindemann. "Product Architecture Definition and Analysis Using Matrix-Based Multiple-Domain Approaches." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87782.
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Design Synthesis is most commonly supported by creativity methods based on functional product representations. As the design of a new product is in most cases following a predecessor, designers do not start from scratch. The mentioned circumstances enable the support of design synthesis by application of design rules or grammars. The use of rules by automated algorithms allows for the systematical derivation of variations of a product. Algorithms are meant to enable innovative solutions by recommending a great variety of variants to give the designers new impulses for product design. As a downside, the rules for the algorithms have to be described in advance, and thus are inheriting known components and functional structures. The identification of potentials and constraints for improvement of a product’s architecture requires detailed analysis. New solutions are often depending on novelties on different levels of abstraction (for example system, subsystem or component level). Algorithmic procedures usually are not able to allow for this comprehensive task. Thus, automatized mechanisms can only deliver limited innovative solutions. Common methods for the definition of innovative solutions, such as functional modeling methods, the TRIZ methodology, or the Morphological Matrix require accompanying analysis and the fixation onto one level of detail as well. To solve this dilemma, we propose an approach combining powerful analysis methods, required for the identification of potentials and constraints within product architectures on the one hand and the systematic definition of new solutions by systematic and partially automatized methods on the other hand. Exhaustive literature research has pointed out several methods, whose application can benefit a comprehensive approach. Amongst them is the definition of functional models, design synthesis by automatized system definition as well as the analysis of product architectures by the use of Design Structure Matrix and Multiple-Domain Matrix Approaches. The proposed approach should allow for the support of radical innovations by considering the overall product structure. Goal of the approach is the consideration of different levels of detail and the analysis of a comprehensive solution space compared to the definition of discrete solutions delivered by common methods. As a result, the approach is applied to different products on different levels of detail and the publication points out the potential and outcome: the systematic definition of a comprehensive solution space, new solutions as a result of comparison and evaluation of the solution space, the widening of the solution space, and a comprehensive evaluation of results.
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Hui, Yu, Du Fei, Cao Yuzhen, Zhang Lixin, and Cheng Yang. "A New Algorithm of QT Interval Measurement Based on Multiscale Morphological Derivative Transform." In 2008 International Seminar on Future BioMedical Information Engineering (FBIE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fbie.2008.65.
Full textReports on the topic "Morphological derivation"
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.
Full textAbstract:
1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.