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Journal articles on the topic 'Morphological derivation'
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1
Hamans, Camiel. "Language change and morphological processes." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 3, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/yplm-2017-0001.
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AbstractMorphological change is not a result of mechanical, predictable processes, but of the behavior of language users. Speakers reinterpret opaque data in order to assign a more transparent structure to them. Subsequently successful reinterpretation may form the basis of new derivations. The moment such a derivative word formation process becomes productive a language change has taken place. In addition, this paper shows how language change obscures the distinction between separate morphological processes such as compounding and derivation and thus between morphological categories. Moreover, the data under discussion show that there is not a preferred natural direction of language change. Most of the examples are taken from English and Dutch, but also a few French, Frisian, German and Afrikaans data are discussed.
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KIRKICI, BILAL, and HARALD CLAHSEN. "Inflection and derivation in native and non-native language processing: Masked priming experiments on Turkish." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16, no. 4 (November 27, 2012): 776–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728912000648.
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Much previous experimental research on morphological processing has focused on surface and meaning-level properties of morphologically complex words, without paying much attention to the morphological differences between inflectional and derivational processes. Realization-based theories of morphology, for example, assume specific morpholexical representations for derived words that distinguish them from the products of inflectional or paradigmatic processes. The present study reports results from a series of masked priming experiments investigating the processing of inflectional and derivational phenomena in native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers in a non-Indo-European language, Turkish. We specifically compared regular (Aorist) verb inflection with deadjectival nominalization, both of which are highly frequent, productive and transparent in Turkish. The experiments demonstrated different priming patterns for inflection and derivation, specifically within the L2 group. Implications of these findings are discussed both for accounts of L2 morphological processing and for the controversial linguistic distinction between inflection and derivation.
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Stump, Gregory. "The derivation of compound ordinal numerals: Implications for morphological theory." Word Structure 3, no. 2 (October 2010): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2010.0005.
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In the domains of both inflection and derivation, there is evidence for both rules of exponence (which realize specific morphosyntactic properties or derivational categories through the introduction of specific morphological markings) and rules of composition (which determine how such rules of exponence apply in the definition of a compound's inflected forms or derivatives). A single, general rule of composition accounts for the definition of a wide range of derivatives from compound bases; nevertheless, ordinal derivation demonstrates the considerable extent to which rules of composition may vary across languages. Evidence from a diverse range of languages is used to motivate a typology of ordinal derivation whose distinct types embody different rules of composition.
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Bobrova, Maria V. "CONTEMPORARY RURAL ZOONYMICON IN THE DERIVATIONAL ASPECT (on the Material of Zoonyms of One Group of Villages)." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, no. 2 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-2-5-13.
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The article is devoted to the study of zoonyms functioning in the speech of the inhabitants of Troel’ga rural settlement, Kungur district (Perm Krai). Methodologically, animal names are considered in the article in line with the theory of derivation, that is, as a result of dynamic processes at different levels of the language system. It is necessary to distinguish between nicknames that appeared in the course of zoonymic transformations and those that appeared due to transformations of ready-made lexical means (products of pre-zoonymic transformations). We have found that the first ones form as a result of six types of derivation: word-forming derivation (with the formation of words that are absent in the literary language), lexical and word-forming derivation (with the formation of words that are homonymous to the words of the literary language), lexical derivation (with the use of non-derived words that are absent in the literary language: neologisms and barbarisms), lexical-semantic derivation (with the reinterpretation of the semantics of the generating word), lexical-grammatical derivation (with the functional transformation of the generating word), morphological derivation (with the grammatical transformation of the generating word). The words of the second group are included in the zoonymicon through lexical derivation (using derived and non-derived words of the literary language), lexical-semantic derivation (with semantic transformation of all-Russian words), morphological-syntactic derivation (with a change of the part of speech of all-Russian words). Within these types, certain derivational models are implemented, in particular k-suffixation, word convergence based on paronomasia, onymization and transonymization, substantivization, etc. The paper provides a conclusion about a variety of ways of forming modern zoonymicon, about the specificity of some particular derivational models for the given sample.
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Shkapenko, Tatiana, and Svetlana Vaulina. "Problems on Terminology and Theoretical Description of Language Derivation Levels." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (March 2021): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.6.16.
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The paper focuses on the system of terms used in Russian linguistics to denote the processes of language derivation. The existence of significant contradictions in their using is explained by the improper assignment of the generic term "derivation" to a separate language level – word formation. It is argued that a single-word non-attributive term should serve the purpose of nominating a concept that applies to all levels of the language. The terms denoting different varieties of derivation should include attributive characteristics, as it is in the case of terminology combination "semantic derivation". The features of the cognitive mechanisms underlying each of the types of derivation are determined, and the degree of their relevance to the development criterion as a core meaning of the lexeme "derivation" is established. A general typology of derivational processes is proposed. The term "derivation" within this typology is used for denoting the process of secondary nominative signs formation in hyperonimic sense, which includes the semantic, morphological and graphical derivation levels. The internal classification of each of the above-mentioned levels is developed. The main differences between them are presented with the help of formalized semantic records. The belonging of semantic and morphological derivation to the system language processes is proved, while graphoderivation is described as an aside-system phenomenon based on the game deconstruction of a language sign and violation of the conventions of its homogeneous semiotic representation.
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Vajda, Edward J. "Making new words: Morphological derivation in English." WORD 63, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2017.1386896.
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Luthfan, Muhammad Aqil, and Syamsul Hadi. "Morfologi Bahasa Arab: Reformulasi Sistem Derivasi dan Infleksi." Alsina : Journal of Arabic Studies 1, no. 1 (August 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/alsina.1.1.2599.
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Morphology, in the study of Arabic linguistics known as the discipline ‘ilm al-ṣarf, as part of grammar which examines the internal structure of words, has an urgency to be studied in depth. Especially in the context of Arabic studies that embrace typologies of complex inflective languages. This article examines the Arabic morphological system from a modern linguistic perspective, especially on derivational and inflectional changes. The discussion begins on the conception of derivation and inflection in the view of modern linguistics, as an introduction to see the system of derivation and inflection changes in Arabic linguistics. Morphological theories of Arabic grammars, in this article developed and communicated with modern linguistic theories. From this development a new formula was produced in the study of Arabic morphology which is expected to provide a more systematic description of the understanding of the Arabic morphological system.
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Muhammad Waseem. "Classifying Urdu Verbs Using Rule Based Approach." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 5, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2021.0501178.
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To make dictionaries complete and to keep their size restricted, there is an approach in the linguistic world to equip these dictionaries with morphological information. This module of morphological information is usually known as a morphological analyzer or morphological classifier, which normally contains the complete possible linguistic information about each word for that particular language and it also describes the rules of derivations from the root of a word and its various inflections, respectively. In this work, a classifier for Urdu verbs (CUV) is proposed which is still a challenging research issue, as Urdu is a language of high inflection and derivation. The available stemmers for Urdu do not provide enough information about inflectional and derivational forms of words. Also, morphological classifiers available for Urdu are not worthy of handling various problems and delivering results that prune errors. In our work, a rule based CUV is designed which is able to classify 63 forms of Urdu verbs successfully out of 66. Available Urdu language processing tools are very rare compared to other higher inflectional languages such as German, Turkish, etc., which have competitive morphological classifiers. However, the studies related to Urdu verb morphological classification are identified and a comparative study is presented in this article. In short, this work is a positive contribution to the community, and it provides sufficient information with promising results specifically on inflectional and derivational forms of Urdu verbs.
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Taran, Alla. "Semantic ratio between terms in search for the iSybislaw system: grounds for forming equivalent classes." Terminological Bulletin, no. 5 (2019): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-14.
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The article analyzes the terminology of speech dynamics, in particular the semantic relation between the terms in the language of the search of the iSybislaw system: the names of the varieties of secondary nomination and semantic derivation. The specificity of semantic neologisms is that they express different types of derivative meanings, the development of which may occur primarily in a non-morphological way of word formation, which does not involve changing the form of the word. We classify semantic innovations as a new meaning in the semantics of an already existing word. Researchers of dynamic processes in lexicon, a new meaning of the present word, as a consequence of its semantic derivation, are distinguished as a kind of neologism. N. Z. Kottelova points to the existence of “neologisms-values” as emerging as a result of semantic derivations on the basis of metaphor and other transfers of nomination or verbal derivation, when the semantic neologism was formed morphologically. In modern linguistic literature there are different classifications of the types of semantic changes that cause the derivation of the meanings of verbal units. The formal-semantic relation between the terms for the meaning of semantic changes in the language of the keywords of the iSybislaw information retrieval system represents not only duplicity, but also more and more meaningful differences in such terms, the need for their aspect of the article. In our opinion, the specifics of semantic neologisms are that they express different types of derivative meanings, the development of which may occur primarily in a non-morphological way of word formation, which does not involve changing the form of the word. The varieties of semantic derivation are: metaphorical transfer, metonymy, expansion of meaning, narrowing, semantic shift (preservation of semantic volume). The expansion and narrowing of the nominating volume are closely related to the processes of termination and determinism. Semantic traces are considered as part of semantic neologisms formed by verbal derivation on the basis of a common form of known values with new borrowings. The results of semantic changes may also be the improvements (reclamation) and deterioration (pejorations) of values (along with its narrowing or expansion); gain, hyper-semantic value; desemation. Semantic processes include the processes of depoliticization and deideologization of certain groups of words. To display the semantic potential of vocabulary, it is extremely necessary not only to identify and describe the effects of semantic changes of different types, but also to unify the terminology of their designation, to develop a conceptual and methodical-procedural apparatus for their analysis, to determine the criteria for their normalization and codification for fixing in the Ukrainian dictionaries the register of new generation and future electronic thesaurus of Slavic linguistic terminology, the need for which is becoming increasingly clear to the developers of the iSybislaw system.
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Vainio, Seppo, Anneli Pajunen, and Tuomo Häikiö. "Acquisition of Finnish derivational morphology: School-age children and young adults." First Language 39, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723718805185.
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The current study examined how morpho-semantic processing of derivational morphology develops from later childhood through adolescence to adulthood in Finnish. Finnish is a synthetic language rich both in derivation and inflection. It has been suggested that children gradually acquire the ability to process morphologically complex word structures. However, this development could be delayed because of the complex derivational morphology in Finnish. To assess this, three age groups of Finnish native speakers participated in a priming study, in which they made a visual lexical decision for the target words. There were three types of primes: morphologically related words, pseudowords, and unrelated words. The reaction times results showed a significant difference between all the groups, which implies that the word processing is still developing in adolescence. The error rates unveiled a similar pattern to reaction times. The prime type affected the recognition: words with morphological primes were processed faster than words with pseudoword primes, which in turn were processed faster than words with unrelated primes. Moreover, males made significantly more errors than females with morphological and pseudoword prime conditions.
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Alieva, Mehrinoz Aybekovna. "The Verb Valence And Expansion Of Sentence Structure." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 01 (January 30, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue01-08.
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This article gives an idea of the extension of the sentence form and the degree of valency of the verb. At the same time, the derivation that requires the syntactic form of the sentence is based on the applicative model, the applicative method is illuminated by the introduction of new morphological elements into the composition of the previous derivative at each stage of derivation. In addition, the article provides information about the types of valence theory, as well as about actants and circonstants.
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Feldman, Laurie Beth, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, and Matthew John Pastizzo. "Semantic influences on morphological facilitation." Mental Lexicon 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2006): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.1.1.06fel.
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Two semantic variables, concreteness and morphological family size, were examined in a single word and a primed lexical decision task. Single word recognition latencies were faster for concrete relative to abstract targets only when morphological family size was small. The magnitude of morphological facilitation for primes related by inflection was greater than by derivation although both revealed a very similar interaction of concreteness and family size. In summary, concreteness influenced morphological processing so as to produce slower decision latencies for small family abstract than concrete words both in a single word and in a morphologically primed context. However, magnitudes of facilitation in isolation from baselines provided an incomplete account of morphological processing.
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Chae, Hee-Rahk, and Yongkyoon No. "A Survey of Morphological Issues in Korean." Korean Linguistics 9 (January 1, 1998): 65–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.9.03hrc.
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The purpose of this research is to critically review major works on morphological phenomena in Korean and, if possible, to provide a perspective on the study of Korean morphology. We will focus on those issues illustrating interactions between morphology and syntax. Morphology comprises inflection and word formation (i.e., derivation and compounding). Perhaps, some aspects of derivational morphology and compounds are relevant syntactically. They do not seem to be significant, however, in Korean. Therefore, after providing a brief introduction of the literature dealing with morphology and/or syntax, we will zero in on an appropriate treatment of syntactically relevant "little elements". Correct identification of these elements is essential for establishing a solid basis for proper syntactic analyses.
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Berg, Kristian, Franziska Buchmann, Katharina Dybiec, and Nanna Fuhrhop. "Morphological spellings in English." Written Language and Literacy 17, no. 2 (September 22, 2014): 282–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.17.2.05ber.
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Morphologically motivated spellings in English are usually thought to be restricted to cases like 〈electric – electrician – electricity〉, where the stem final letter 〈c〉 is kept constant in spelling although the corresponding phoneme varies in spoken language. However, there are many more – and fundamentally different – spellings that refer to morphological information. We will show this by systematically going through the three major parts of morphology: inflection, derivation, and compounding. In each area, we will identify spellings that can best be explained with reference to morphology. As a result, we will present an overview of formal and functional means of morphological spellings which goes far beyond the ubiquitous example cited above. Keywords: English; spelling; writing system; morphology; stem constancy
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Luthfiyati, Dian, Abdul Kholiq, and Intan Ni matus Zahroh. "The Analysis of Word Formation Processes in the Jakarta Post Website." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v1i1.30.
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A new language and term use new words that we can relate to the one of linguistics branches of the morphological aspect namely word formation process. The process of word formation in creation of new English words is called derivation. One of the language phenomenon is in the practice of language used in online news specifically Jakarta Post Website. The Jakarta Post is one of the daily Indonesian has language English. The Jakarta post presented with various of news, such as sport, entertainment, education, etc. The purpose of this study is identifying the most common type of derivation words that is used in the headline of ten education articles in Jakarta Post Website in October 2015 until April 2016. This study uses qualitative method. The result show that the most common of derivation words that is used in headline ten article educations in Jakarta Post Website in October 2015 until April 2016 is noun derivations.
Keywords: derivation, Jakarta Post.
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Dal Maso, Serena, and Hélène Giraudo. "Morphological processing in L2 Italian." Morphology and its interfaces 37, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.37.2.09mas.
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The present paper explores the processing of morphologically complex words in L2 Italian by means of as series of masked priming experiments associated with a LDT. We manipulated deadjectival nominalizations in -ità (e.g. velocità < veloce) and in -ezza (e.g. bellezza < bello), that differ in terms of numerosity, productivity (Rainer, 2004) and on surface frequency. Morphological priming effects were evaluated relative to both orthographic and identity conditions and the data revealed significant morphological priming effects emerging for words ending with the most productive suffix (-ità) and having a high surface frequency in Italian. Our data on derivation suggest that similarly to native speakers, L2 learners are sensitive to morphological information, but they integrate it progressively through L2 learning process.
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Guy, Gregory R. "Explanation in variable phonology: An exponential model of morphological constraints." Language Variation and Change 3, no. 1 (March 1991): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000429.
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ABSTRACTVariationist treatments of phonological processes typically provide precise quantitative accounts of the effects of conditioning environmental factors on the occurrence of the process, and these effects have been shown to be robust for several well-studied processes. But comparable precision in theoretical explanation is usually elusive, at the current state of the discipline. That is, the analyst is usually unable to say why the parameters should have the particular values that they do, although one can often explain relative ordering of environments. This article attempts to give a precise explanation — in the form of a quantitative theoretical prediction — of one robust quantitative observation about English phonology. The reduction of final consonant clusters (often called -t,d deletion) is well-known to be conditioned by the morphological structure of a target word. Deletion applies more in monomorphemic words (e.g., mist) than in inflected words (e.g., missed). In the theory of lexical phonology, these classes of words are differentiated by derivational history, acquiring their final clusters at different levels of the morphology. The theory further postulates that rules may apply at more than one level of the derivation. If -t,d deletion is treated as a variable rule with a fixed rate of application (p0) in a phonology with this architecture, then higher rates of application in underived forms (where the final cluster is present underlyingly and throughout the derivation) are a consequence of multiple exposures to the deletion rule, whereas inflected forms (which only meet the structural description of the rule late in the derivation) have fewer exposures and lower cumulative deletion. This further allows a precise quantitative prediction concerning surface deletion rates in the different morphological categories. They should be related as an exponential function of p0, depending on the number of exposures to the rule. The prediction is empirically verified in a study of -t,d deletion in seven English speakers.
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Darby, Jeannique, and Aditi Lahiri. "Covert morphological structure and the processing of zero-derived words." Linguistic Perspectives on Morphological Processing 11, no. 2 (July 18, 2016): 186–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.11.2.02dar.
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English makes use of a wide-spread pattern of word class alternation known as ‘zero-derivation.’ This involves pairs of homophonous forms which are semantically related, yet differ in part-of-speech (e.g. a knot vs. to knot). Many theories have been proposed to describe the relationship between these forms, with some proposing that to knot is covertly derived from a knot in the same way as government is from govern; an alternative view is that these pairs are instead two forms of a single lexeme with no inherent word class. We explore these claims in the context of morphological processing, using three delayed priming lexical decision tasks. The results suggest that some pairs are in a covert derivational relationship, in which the derived form is morphologically more complex than the base. However, not all such pairs are related this way, as some instead behave like inflectional relatives belonging to a single, underspecified lexical entry. Together, the experiments offer support for a mixed model, in which the grammar distinguishes between different kinds of zero-related pairs based on their underlying morphological relationships – a covert distinction to which morphological processing may be sensitive.
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Nurdiani, Sindi, Fauziah Suparman, and Deden Ahmad Supendi. "ANALISIS BENTUK REDUPLIKASI DAN DERIVASI DALAM TEKS DESKRIPSI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 13 KOTA SUKABUMI." Bahastra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 5, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/bahastra.v5i1.2995.
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Abstrak. Proses morfologi atau proses pembentukan kata mempunyai dau hasil yaitu bentuk dan makna gramatikal. Bentuk dan makna gramatikal merupakan dua hal yang berkaitan erat. Bentuk merupakan wujud fisiknaya dan makna gramatikal merupakan isi dari wujud fisik atau bentuk tersebut. Dalm proses morfologis terdapat reduplikasi dan derivasi. Reduplikasi merupakan bentuk pengulangan kata, terdapat reduplikasi penuh, reduplikasi sebagian, dan reduplikasi perubahan bunyi. Sedangkan derivasi merupakan proses pengimbuhan afiks non inflektif pada dasar untuk membentuk kata. Dalam derivasi terdapat derivasi balik dan derivasi zero. Derivasi balik adalah proses pembentukan kata secara terbalik seperti, nanya menjadi tanya. Sedangkan derivasi zero adalah proses morfologis yang mengubah leksem menjadi kata tanpa penambahan atau pengurangan leksem seperti leksem batu menjadi batu Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk reduplikasi dan derivasi yang terdapat dalam teks deskripsi siswa kelas VII G SMP Negeri 13 Kota Sukabumi . Desain penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang didapatkan berupa teks deskripsi. Dan dianalisis mengenai bentuk reduplikasi dan bentuk derivasi yang terdapat pada teks deskripsi siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 13 Kota Sukabumi. Teknik pengumpulan adata yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu bentuk reduplikasi dalam teks deskripsi siswa terdapat reduplikasi penuh, sebagian, dan perubahan bunyi. Dan bentuk derivasi dalam teks deskripsi terdapat derivasi balik dan zero.Kata kunci : Reduplikasi, Derivasi, Teks Deskripsi Siswa Abstract. Morphological processes or word formation processes have two results, namely grammatical form and meaning. Grammatical form and meaning are two things that are closely related. Form is a physical form and grammatical meaning is the content of the physical form or form. In the morphological process there is reduplication and derivation. Reduplication is a form of repetition of words, there is full reduplication, partial reduplication, and reduplication of sound changes. While derivation is a process of influencing non-inflective affixes on the basis of forming words. In derivation there is a back derivation and zero derivation. Reverse derivation is the process of forming words in reverse such as, asking questions. While zero derivation is a morphological process that converts lexemes into words without the addition or reduction of leksem such as stone leksem to stone. The research design carried out in this research is descriptive qualitative research design. The data obtained in the form of description text. And analyzed the form of reduplication and derivation form contained in the description text of grade VII students of SMP Negeri 13 Sukabumi City. Adata collection techniques used in this study are observation, and documentation. The conclusion of this research is the form of reduplication in the text description of students there are full, partial reduplication, and sound changes. And the derivation forms in the description text are back and zero derivations. Keywords: eduplication, Derivation, Student Description Text
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Bozic, Mirjana, and William Marslen‐Wilson. "Neurocognitive Contexts for Morphological Complexity: Dissociating Inflection and Derivation." Language and Linguistics Compass 4, no. 11 (November 2010): 1063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818x.2010.00254.x.
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Ayvazyan, Y. S. "Morphological Derivation in Primary Nominative Units in Modern Arabic." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(23) (April 28, 2012): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2012-2-23-220-222.
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Wati, Atikah. "THE ANALYSIS OF DERIVATION IN CONVERSATION SCRIPTS." Wiralodra English Journal 2, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v2i2.34.
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Word derivation make the conversation more simple and specific to the topic. The case is many students didn’t recognise and aware of using it. this paper is trying to reveal the words derivation that the students use in their speaking class conversation whether or not it affected to the semantic. Dealing with vocabulary and grammar, speakers often choose certain vocabulary to express something and forming it into the correct grammatical rules, the choice of vocabulary that the speaker use during the planned speaking activity in the classroom and how this words implemented with the correct grammar in the form of literature dealing with morphology and semantic are the main focus of this paper. Many students didn’t really aware with the use of derivational words, 3 numbers of students conversational scripts didn’t insert any derivational words at all. While the other 2 insert very little derivational words. The method of analysis that the writer use to reveal the processes of derivation in more detail by noting three simultaneous processes, namely: a morphological process (e.g. changing the shape of an existing word by adding a prefix or suffix morpheme to an existing root morpheme) a syntactic process (changing the part of speech of a word, e.g. from verb to noun) and a semantic process (producing a new sense, agent, act, property).
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Wati, Atikah. "THE ANALYSIS OF DERIVATION IN CONVERSATION SCRIPTS." Wiralodra English Journal 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v2i2.360.
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Word derivation make the conversation more simple and specific to the topic. The case is many students didn’t recognise and aware of using it. this paper is trying to reveal the words derivation that the students use in their speaking class conversation whether or not it affected to the semantic. Dealing with vocabulary and grammar, speakers often choose certain vocabulary to express something and forming it into the correct grammatical rules, the choice of vocabulary that the speaker use during the planned speaking activity in the classroom and how this words implemented with the correct grammar in the form of literature dealing with morphology and semantic are the main focus of this paper. Many students didn’t really aware with the use of derivational words, 3 numbers of students conversational scripts didn’t insert any derivational words at all. While the other 2 insert very little derivational words. The method of analysis that the writer use to reveal the processes of derivation in more detail by noting three simultaneous processes, namely: a morphological process (e.g. changing the shape of an existing word by adding a prefix or suffix morpheme to an existing root morpheme) a syntactic process (changing the part of speech of a word, e.g. from verb to noun) and a semantic process (producing a new sense, agent, act, property).
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Hayward, R. J. "In defence of the skeletal tier." Studies in African Linguistics 19, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 131–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v19i2.107463.
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This paper investigates empirically the viability of a hypothesis (advanced by Lowenstamm & Kaye [1986]) that morphological classes (in particular, those typical in languages with nonconcatenative morphologies) are fully definable in terms of syllabic structure. This hypothesis has theoretical significance, for, if correct, the skeletal tier-generally regarded as a core object in autosegmental phonology--becomes a derivative and, consequently, redundant entity. Data from four Ethiopian Semitic languages are presented as evidence that it is not always possible to posit unique syllabifications for morphological classes and that underlyingly many such classes are only partially syllabified, full sy11abifiabi1ity being secured by processes occurring later in the derivation. Analyses are proposed for the data, which demonstrate the necessity for a non-derivative skeletal tier.
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Lipzig, Emma van, Ava Creemers, and Jan Don. "Morphological processing in nominalizations." Linguistics in the Netherlands 37 (October 27, 2020): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00044.lip.
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Abstract A major debate in psycholinguistics concerns the representation of morphological structure in the mental lexicon. We report the results of an auditory primed lexical decision experiment in which we tested whether verbs prime their nominalizations in Dutch. We find morphological priming effects with regular nominalizations (schorsen ‘suspend’ → schorsing ‘suspension’) as well as with irregular nominalizations (schieten ‘shoot’ → schot ‘shot’). On this basis, we claim that, despite the lack of phonological identity between stem and derivation in the case of irregular nominalizations, the morphological relation between the two forms, suffices to evoke a priming effect. However, an alternative explanation, according to which the semantic relation in combination with the phonological overlap accounts for the priming effect, cannot be excluded.
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Chandra, Yulie Neila. "Morfem Derivasional dalam Bahasa Mandarin." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v3i1.35.
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<p>Affixation is one of the process of morphological in Mandarin. Affixes are bound morphemes that are added to other morphemes to form larger units such as words, especially to form a compound word (成词 héchéng cí). Mandarin has two types of affixes: prefixes (precedes the morpheme) and suffixes (follows the morpheme). Prefixes are rare in Mandarin, such as {初chū-}, {第dì-}, {非fēi-}, {可kĕ-}, etc;while suffixes are more numerous, such as {儿-er}, {化 –huā}, {家 –jiā}, {们 –men}, {员 –yuán}, {者 –zhĕ}, {子-zi}, etc. In Mandarin, affix morphemes can also be divided into two functional categories, namely inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes, both refers two principal word formation processes: inflection and derivation. Although, Mandarin is not the inflection language, only prefix {初chū-} and suffix {们–men} are inflectional morphemes. Therefore, the derivation process is more productive in Mandarin. Derivational morphemes form new words by changing the meaning of the base (root) and the word class. In consequence, derivation in Mandarin may cause a change of word classes; such as nouns, verbs, and adjective, but generally form nouns.</p>
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Ogawa, Takehiko, Masako Ohmura, Yoichi Tamura, Kaoru Kita, Kazuyuki Ohbo, Toshio Suda, and Yoshinobu Kubota. "Derivation and morphological characterization of mouse spermatogonial stem cell lines." Archives of Histology and Cytology 67, no. 4 (2004): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1679/aohc.67.297.
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Spyns, Peter, and Lieve De Wachter. "Morphological Analysis of Dutch Medical Compounds and Derivations." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 109-110 (January 1, 1995): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.109-110.02spy.
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Abstract In this article, the morphological parser used within the Dutch part of the MENELAS-project is described. The parser handles inflection, derivation and compounding. Its main characteristic is that it is specific for the medical sublanguage. The paper will focus on the architecture and the working principles of the parser and on the semi-automatic extension module for the lexicon. Some suggestions for improvement are made.
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Novo Urraca, Carmen, and Ana Elvira Ojanguren López. "Productivity and graduality in the Layered Structure of the Word." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (August 21, 2020): 202–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.17058.urr.
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Abstract This article deals with two theoretical aspects of lexical derivation, productivity and graduality. After a discussion of transparency and opaqueness in Old English word-formation, it focuses on lexical productivity and puts forward a typology of recursive phenomena. On the basis of this typology, the morphological template of the Layered Structure of the Word is revised. The main conclusion is that a more diachronically oriented analysis is likely to opt for a decompositional template, whereas a more synchronically directed study which seeks typological validity will probably favour the template with one functional slot. If the focus is on diachronic linguistics, a template based on minimal constituent analysis can guarantee a detailed description of the derivational steps of the word, including non-affixal derivation and semantically opaque affixes.
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Schwaiger, Thomas. "The derivational nature of reduplication: Towards a Functional Discourse Grammar account of a non-concatenative morphological process." Word Structure 11, no. 1 (March 2018): 118–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0118.
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This article advances a first systematic Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) treatment of reduplication. Building on cross-linguistic arguments for reduplication's iconic motivation and non-concatenative derivational nature, principled advantages of FDG's functional-typological orientation over formal reduplicative models are programmatically demonstrated: Reduplication is differentiated from repetition in FDG's architecture, the basics for implementing reduplicative iconicity into the model are outlined, and several formalizations of the process based on existing FDG work on morphological derivation are suggested. Phonological characteristics of reduplication are mentioned briefly and mostly left for future FDG research.
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Veselovská, Ludmila. "Morphological taxonomy in the present-day generative framework: A case study of English and Czech nominalization." Topics in Linguistics 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2018-0007.
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Abstract This paper addresses the classification of morphemes in a generative framework. Referring to existing theoretical models of generative morphosyntax (e.g. Distributed Morphology), it demonstrates that a traditional long-standing taxonomic distinction reflects formal, i.e. structural (and derivational) distinctions. Using the well-known examples of the English multi-functional nominalizer -ing and some parallel data in Czech, the study reinterprets morphological taxonomy in terms of three levels, namely the (i) lexical, (ii) syntactic and (iii) post-syntactic insertion of grammatical formatives. It shows that the level of insertion in a syntactic derivation results in predictable (and attested) diagnostics for the multi-morpheme exponents.
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Saade, Benjamin. "Assessing productivity in contact: Italian derivation in Maltese." Linguistics 57, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0031.
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Abstract Studies assessing morphological productivity almost exclusively focus on single languages. Maltese with its heavily mixed Arabic/Italian/Sicilian/English lexicon lends itself perfectly for a broadening of the study of morphological productivity towards a more crosslinguistic approach. Numerous derivational formatives that have been borrowed from Sicilian and Italian into Maltese are readily applied in new formations. This study investigates the degree to which these borrowed formatives have developed new productivity patterns in Maltese or just replicated patterns that are present in the source language. After a detailed typology of possible formations with the borrowed formatives, the investigation compares quantitative productivity scores for a subset of cognate derivational affixes in Maltese and Italian based on corpus data and lays out a general methodological framework for comparing productivity crosslinguistically. The approach has the potential to enrich the methodological repertoire of language contact studies by enabling more detailed statements about the status of borrowed morphology in a recipient language.
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KUNDURACI, AYSUN. "The paradigmatic aspect of compounding and derivation." Journal of Linguistics 55, no. 3 (November 22, 2018): 563–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226718000518.
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This study aims to show the dynamic aspect of word-formation paradigms in autonomous morphology by examining the compound marker in Turkish Noun–Noun compounds, as in buz paten-i ‘ice-skate (ice skate-cm)’, and its relation to derivational suffixes. The study proposes a process-based morphological paradigm structure which involves compounding and derivational operations. In this system, the compound marker has a formal paradigmatic function: it creates correct lexeme forms based on bare Noun–Noun compounds, which would otherwise serve as input to certain derivational operations. The current system thus accounts for both permitted and unpermitted suffix combinations involving compounding and the optionality in certain combinations, such as buz paten-ci (-si) ‘a/the ice skater (ice skate-agt-cm)’, where the compound marker may (not) appear in combination with the (derivational) agentive -CI. The study also presents a survey which implies that a group of derivational affixes is in a paradigmatic relation with the compound marker, and all of these affixations constitute alternative paths in a dynamic paradigm structure. The findings of the study are considered to contribute to the understanding of the nature of the autonomous morphological operations and paradigms, which cannot be restricted to the lexicon or manipulated by syntax.
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Ovseichyk, Stanislava. "Variantion in Ukrainian art terminology." Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice, no. 36 (2018): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2018.36.37-48.
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The article deals with the variant terms in normative aspect codified in Ukrainian art lexicography of the 21st century. Dictionary codification of variant terms indicates changing in the language and deliberate influence of the society on the development of terminological norm. Variation is a existence form of objects of the surrounding reality, in particular, of scientific concepts, which defines the laws of their function and interaction. The choice of sources is due to the fact that the selected dictionaries are represented modern art knowledge. Dictionaries play a significant role in the normalization of language, the spread of linguistic norms, and therefore they are a grateful and relevant material for the analysis of variation in the Ukrainian art terminology. The article focuses on the importance of the scientific philological study of art terminology – the field of knowledge, which is rapidly developing in modern conditions, acquiring new meanings and forms. The variant terms of the art terminology, codified in Ukrainian special vocabulary, are analyzed. Three types of variant terms, phonemic, derivational and morphological-phonemic units, are fixed in the Ukrainian art terminology. It was found out that among the reasons for the occurrence of phonemic variant terms of the analyzed terminology tends to facilitate articulation of the learned term; the appearance of derivation of variant terms is conditioned by the presence of various derivative models in the Ukrainian language and the search for forms of terms that correspond most closely to modern productive models of term derivation; functioning of morphological-phonemic variant terms is explained by different degrees of grammatical adaptation of foreign-language art terms. It also traces the effect of an analogy inherent to all three of the varieties mentioned. In general, the article discusses the essence of the problem of terminological variation as one of the most relevant processes in the regulation and standardization of the Ukrainian art terminology.
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Koskinen, Päivi. "Syntactic Category Changing in Syntax: Evidence from Finnish Participle Constructions." Revue québécoise de linguistique 27, no. 2 (April 30, 2009): 131–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/603178ar.
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ABSTRACT In most languages there are lexical elements that manifest morpho-syntactic properties associated with more than one lexical category. I examine here a group of Finnish participle constructions that manifest such categorial inconsistencies. Those forms are analyzed as containing a hybrid category: the lexical feature [Adjectival Reference] accounts for their adjectival qualities and seemingly nominal morphology, while a functional feature [Temporal Reference] (= Tense) explains their verbal and temporal characteristics. Consequently, I argue that changes in syntactic category take place not only through morphological derivation, but also within the syntactic component. This is possible under a view of morphological derivation as vocabulary insertion based on the syntactic feature matrices that surface at the end of the computational component.
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Jacob, Gunnar, Vera Heyer, and João Veríssimo. "Aiming at the same target: A masked priming study directly comparing derivation and inflection in the second language." International Journal of Bilingualism 22, no. 6 (February 1, 2017): 619–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006916688333.
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: We compared the processing of morphologically complex derived vs. inflected forms in native speakers of German and highly proficient native Russian second language (L2) learners of German. Design/methodology/approach: We measured morphological priming effects for derived and inflected German words. To ensure that priming effects were genuinely morphological, the design also contained semantic and orthographic control conditions. Data and analysis: 40 native speakers of German and 36 native Russian learners of L2 German participated in a masked-priming lexical-decision experiment. For both participant groups, priming effects for derived vs. inflected words were compared using linear mixed effects models. Findings/conclusions: While first language (L1) speakers showed similar facilitation effects for both derived and inflected primes, L2 speakers showed a difference between the two prime types, with robust priming effects only for derived, but not for inflected forms. Originality: Unlike in previous studies investigating derivation and inflection in L2 processing, priming effects for derived and inflected prime–target pairs were determined on the basis of the same target word, allowing for a direct comparison between the two morphological phenomena. In this respect, this is the first study to directly compare the processing of derived vs. inflected forms in L2 speakers. Significance/implications: The results are inconsistent with accounts predicting general L1/L2 differences for all types of morphologically complex forms as well as accounts assuming that L1 and L2 processing are based on the same mechanisms. We discuss theoretical implications for L2 processing mechanisms, and propose an explanation which can account for the data pattern.
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Brose, Marc. "Varia Addenda." Lingua Aegyptia - Journal of Egyptian Language Studies 27 (2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37011/lingaeg.27.11.
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“Varia Addenda” -- This article presents various additions to several ideas I proposed in diverse articles, namely about (1) the etymology of the suffix pronoun 3.Sg.m =f, (2) the morphological unity of sḏm=f-forms used as predicate in main clauses and circumstantial clauses, (3) transitive use of intransitive verbs without visible morphological derivation.
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Sazhina, Svetlana Aleksandrovna. "NOUN DERIVATION IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE KIROV PERMYAKS." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-1-34-44.
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The article describes the noun derivation system of one of the lesser-studied idioms of the Komi-Permyak language. The main focus is on the morphological means of expressing the categories of number, possessiveness and case. The paper analyzes the peculiarities of forming plurals, considers the secondary meanings of the plural marker, identifies the number of grammatical categories of possessiveness and case, describes each item of the case paradigm in terms of morphological formation, and reveals the features of the possessive declension. The empirical base of the research includes language materials collected by the author in her dialectology expeditions to the area where the Kirov Permyaks resided. Linguistic materials are analyzed and interpreted in the context of the Komi language dialectic landscape. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the noun derivation in the idiom in question is characterized by simplification and shows great similarity with the southern Zyryan dialects in its main features.
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Darlina, Lien. "Derivational affixes in Japanese and Indonesian." Journal of Applied Studies in Language 2, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v2i1.813.
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Japanese and Indonesian seen from morphological typology is an agglutinative language in which the morphological processes are done by affixation, ie by adding prefixes, suffixes and infixes. While the basic sequence sentence structure has a SOV sequence pattern for Japanese and SVO for Indonesian language. The predicate filled by the verb is capable of binding arguments in constructing the clause structure, so that there are verbs with one, two and three arguments, it depends on the type of verb. This study is a preliminary study of Japanese and Indonesian derivative verbs: the study of linguistic typology. The Theory of Linguistic Typology is used to analyze the formation of Japanese and Indonesian derivative verbs in which the verb serves as the core of the predicate to bind the argument in constructing the clause structure. From the perspective of linguistic typology, the results of the analysis show that (1) the basic form of Japanese derivative verb formers are adjectives (keiyoushi) and noun verbs, whereas Indonesian derivative verbs are derived from adjectives, nouns and pre-categorical. (2) The Japanese derivation affixes joining the adjective (keiyoushi) are -める meru, -まるmaru, -がるgaru’, -むmu and which joins the noun verb is -するsuru. While the derivational affix of the Indonesian language that joined the nouns are meng-, ber-, ter-, ke-an, ber-an, ber-kan, per-, -i, per-i, per-kan, the affix that joins the adjective are meng-, ber-, ter-, ke-an, ber-an, ber-kan, per-, -kan, per-i, dan –i and the affixes that join the pre-categorical are meng-, ter-, ber-, ber-an, -i,-kan.
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Li, Haojie. "On the Derivation of Oblique Object Construction in Mandarin Chinese." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1003.16.
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This paper explores the derivation mechanism of oblique object constructions in Mandarin Chinese. Based on the Morphological Fusion and the Minimize Exponence in Distributed Morphology, this paper proposes that the oblique object is assigned by the preposition and then the verb, which is intransitive, and the preposition undertakes morphological fusion. As a result, the verb is spelled out in the phonetic components and the oblique object occurs directly after the verb. We infer that “Ta chi shitang” (He eats in the canteen) and “Ta zai shitang chifan” (he eats in the canteen) have different generation mechanisms by exploring the different generation mechanisms of “Ta chi shitang” (He eats in the canteen) and “Ta zai shitang chifan”(he eats in the canteen). They cannot be converted from each other.
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Aryanika, Septa, Ratih Henisah, Dewi Kurniawati, and Is Susanto. "DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES ON JOKO WIDODO’S SPEECH FOR ENGLISH EDUCATION." English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris 14, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ee-jtbi.v14i2.10035.
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This study aims to determine the frequency and process of derivational and inflectional morphemes in Joko Widodo's speech at the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. The study used descriptive qualitative analysis methods. The data were analyzed using Fromkin's principle. The data analysis yielded 133 terms made up of derivational and inflectional morphemes. Derivational morphemes accounted for 50.37 percent of all occurrences in this study, while inflectional morphemes accounted for 49.63 percent. The researchers discovered several derivation processes that modify grammatical classes while remaining unchanged, such as noun form, adjective form, verb form, adverb form, adjective form, noun to noun, and adjective to adjective. In this study, five types of Inflectional morphemes were found: -s (plural and third-person singular), -ing (progressive), -ed (past tense), and -er (comparative). Morphemes are an important feature of language so it is important for students to learn in school, especially for language learners. Morphological awareness, which we describe as a basic understanding of the morphemic structure of words, is required of the learner. Finally, the implications of this research will be an inspiration for further research in morphological processing, especially regarding derivational and inflectional morphemes.
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Kwok, Sun. "Morphological Structures of Planetary Nebulae." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 27, no. 2 (2010): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as09027.
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AbstractSince various structural components of planetary nebulae (PN) manifest themselves differently, a combination of optical, infrared, submillimetre and radio techniques is needed to derive a complete picture of planetary nebulae. The effects of projection can also make derivation of the true 3-D structure difficult. Using a number of examples, we show that bipolar and multipolar nebulae are much more common than usually inferred from morphological classifications of apparent structures of planetary nebulae. We put forward a new hypothesis that the bipolar and multipolar lobes of PN are not regions of high-density ejected matter, but the result of ionization and illumination. The visible bright regions are in fact volumes of low density (cleared by high-velocity outflows), through which UV photons are being channelled. We suggest that multipolar nebulae with similar lobe sizes are not caused by simultaneous ejection of matter in several directions, but by leakage of UV photons in those directions.
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Kocourek, Rostislav. "The prefix post- in contemporary English terminology." Terminology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.3.1.05koc.
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The article is based on a corpus of English words and technical terms obtained from contemporary texts and major up-to-date dictionaries and encyclopedias. It gives a description of "post- " prefixation, its morphology (including derivational patterns of one-word terms and syntactic patterns of multiword terms) and semantics (including motivational ambiguity and definitions). French terms are used for comparison and contrast. Morphological and semantic properties of term-constituting lexemes are examined within the framework of an analysis of lexical productivity, which is defined by three criteria: number of existing derivatives, rules of derivation, and neological potential. The analysis also shows other aspects of derivational productivity: favourite word-class membership, semantic options, and terminologization.
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Plank, Frans. "Variable direction in zero-derivation and the unity of polysemous lexical items." Word Structure 3, no. 1 (April 2010): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750124510000498.
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The adjective, noun, and verb fett/Fett/fett- ‘fat’ in German are polysemous in each word class. The zero-derivational relationships that hold between them are described. The theoretical points are made (i) that, in cases of polysemy, individual senses rather than lexical items as a whole are involved in zero-derivation, and (ii) that, in this particular case, the direction of derivation differs depending on which of the senses are implicated, going from noun to adjective (substance to contentiveness) or from adjective to noun (dimension to state), and thereby precluding the designation of one lexical classification as basic tout court. The implication of such cases is that, with their individual semantic components so autonomous as to be alternately basic and derived in different morphological oppositions, ‘lexical entries’, categorised in terms of word class, cannot be the integral principal organising units of mental lexicons and dictionaries they are commonly taken to be.
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Witkoś, Jacek. "A brief note on undermerge and case overwriting." Questions and Answers in Linguistics 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qal-2016-0009.
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Abstract This brief contribution constitutes a critical reference to David Pesetsky’s Russian case morphology and the syntactic categories (2013), a new monograph proposing an entirely new program of research into the grammar of case. After an introduction of the new theory the paper focuses on two areas for a more critical analysis: the derivation of the Genitive of Quantification and overt evidence for case overwriting in Russian (and Polish). In the former case the procedure of undermerge is put under scrutiny and in the latter a crucial morphological formative is argued to be of a derivational rather than inflectional nature.
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Nur, Tajudin. "INFLEKSI DAN DERIVASI DALAM BAHASA ARAB:ANALISIS MORFOLOGI (INFLECTION AND DERIVATION IN ARABIC:MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS)." Metalingua: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa 16, no. 2 (January 27, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/metalingua.v16i2.280.
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This paper discusses word formation in Arabic through inlectional and derivational processes. Inlection is a morphological process of afixation that creates different forms of the word without changing the word category. Derivation is a morphological process which changes the form of the word and also changes the word category. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a synchronic time range. In other words, the inlectional and derivational word formation processes will be described as they are. The data were taken from an Arabic textbook for nonarabic students called “Al-Arabiyyah Bayna Yadayk” (2007). The result shows that the inlection process in the formation of Arabic words is intended to mark the grammatical concepts of tenses, mood, diathesis, transitive, gender, and number in verb category, meanwhile in other categories such as noun, adjective, and particle, inlection is intended to mark the grammatical concepts of gender, number, and case. The derivational word formation process in Arabic is conducted in two ways, namely (1) internal changes and (2) afixations. Internal changes in the derivational process were carried out by changing the basic form into certain patterns through horizontal conjugation techniques (tashrif istilahy), namely by changing internal stem vowels, while afixations in the derivation process are conducted by adding afixes to the basic form, such as preixes or conixes. The derivation process in Arabic is intended to form derivation of nouns from verbs, verbs from nouns, and verbs from adjectives. AbstrakMakalah ini membahas pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Arab melalui proses inleksi dan derivasi. Inleksi adalah proses morfologis berupa aiksasi yang mengubah bentuk kata tanpa mengubah kelas katanya. Derivasi adalah proses morfologis yang menyebabkan pembentukan kata baru yang berbeda kelas kata dasarnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan jangkauan waktu bersifat sinkronis. Artinya, inleksi dan derivasi sebagai proses pembentukan kata dideskripsikan seperti apa adanya. Data diambil dari buku pelajaran bahasa Arab untuk nonarab berjudul Al-Arabiyyah Bayna Yadayk (2007). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa proses inleksi dalam pembentukan kata bahasa Arab dimaksudkan untuk menandai konsep gramatikal kekalaan, kemodusan, kediatesisan, ketransitifan, kegenderan, dan jumlah pada kelas kata verba, sedangkan pada kelas kata selainverba, seperti nomina, adjektiva, dan partikel, inleksi dimaksudkan untuk menandai konsep gramatikal gender, jumlah, dan kasus. Sementara itu, pembentukan kata melalui proses derivasi dalam bahasa Arab dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu (1) perubahan internal dan (2) aiksasi. Perubahan internal dalam proses derivasi dilakukan dengan mengubah bentuk dasar ke dalam pola-pola tertentu melalui teknik konjugasi horizontal (tashrif istilahy), yaitu dengan cara mengubah vokalvokal internal stem, sedangkan aiksasi dalam proses derivasi dilakukan dengan penambahan aiks pada bentuk dasar, seperti preiks atau koniks. Adapun proses derivasi dalam bahasa Arab dimaksudkan untuk membentuk nomina deverba, verba denomina, dan verba deadjektiva.
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Hathout, Nabil, and Fiammetta Namer. "ParaDis: a family and paradigm model." Morphology 32, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 153–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11525-021-09390-w.
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AbstractThe unification of inflectional and derivational morphology is an issue that is often debated but on which there is no consensus. On the other hand, it is well known that inflectional morphology is organized into paradigms. This paper contributes to the convergence between inflection and derivation by offering a new paradigmatic model of derivational morphology. This model, called ParaDis, is based on two types of objects, families and paradigms, and on an architecture made up of three levels of representation (formal, categorical and semantic) and a morphological level, which connects the other three. Morphological descriptions are distributed at three levels, where they organize into formal, categorical and semantic families and paradigms. In this way, the analysis of a phenomenon adjusts closely to its level-specific regularities. The paper describes ParaDis and shows how it can be used to analyze a wide range of canonical and non-canonical derivational constructions in a simple and intuitive way. It compares ParaDis to five frameworks (Bochner, 1993; Bonami & Strnadová, 2019; Booij, 2010; Jackendoff & Audring, 2020b; Koenig, 1999) and illustrates its contributions through the analysis of parasynthetic derivatives.
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Štekauer, Pavol. "Making new words: Morphological derivation in English by R. M. W. Dixon." Language 91, no. 2 (2015): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2015.0018.
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Mohamed Hefny, Rabie, Mohamed Fathy Mohamed Abdelgelil, Ammar Kamal Ibrahim Osman, and Isyaku Hassan. "The Role of Derivation in Teaching Quranic Vocabulary: Between Theory and Practice." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol6no1.6.
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Words with close meanings often cause difficulty in understanding the meanings of Quranic text. At times, Quranic words with similar meanings are even used in the wrong context. As such, understanding the morphological and semantic differences between Quranic words with close meanings becomes necessary. Therefore, this research aims to explore the roots and semantic differences of Quranic words with similar meanings and ascertain the role of derivation in teaching Quranic vocabulary. The research employed the descriptive-analytical approach to trace Quranic words with similar connotations and determine their derivation methods. The findings showed that the etymological origins of Quranic vocabulary with similar meanings can help greatly in clarifying the semantic features of the words. Similarly, the findings revealed that referring to the morphological structures of words helps to discover the meanings of Quranic words with similarity in linguistic origin and difference in structure. Therefore, derivation can be an effective means of determining the connotations of Quranic words, which can be useful in teaching Quranic vocabulary. This research could help instructors to advance the method of teaching Quranic vocabulary as well as the Arabic language in general. Nevertheless, the research is limited to the role of derivation in teaching Quranic vocabulary, and thus, further studies may focus on how the origin and formation of words can help students to develop language skills.
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GULİYEVA, Gatibe. "SEMANTİC ENHANCEMENT OF LEGAL TERMINOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF OLD TURKISH TEXTS." Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken / Journal of World of Turks 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/140103.
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Numerous terms used in the context of Old Turkish texts, especially in the language of Old Uyghur official-legal documents and civil documents, indicate that the Turkish legal language has an ancient history. The texts formed in different alphabets, writing systems and various environments during the Uyghur Khaganate and later periods are valuable sources that shed light on the history of our language. Although these texts have always been at the center of attention of researchers, the language of legal documents, official documents, the vocabulary of texts with legal and official meanings, the ways of derivation of words have not been studied extensively and comprehensively. The researches were mostly carried out in the context of syntax or thematic regions, and the language composition of the language of the documents was not evaluated according to its lexical-semantic, morphological structure and origin. The naming and derivation ways of legal concepts and understandings regarding the official-business style, the nomenclature and processes of words belonging to general usage should be put forward in the context of the texts, and the issues of forming terms through the language's own means or quotations should be examined in the light of historical facts. Vocabulary of Old Turkish Texts reveals that legal terms are derived in two ways: the language's own possibilities and quotations. Considering the structure and grammatical rules of Turkish, we can classify legal terms as a) semantic, b) morphological, c) syntactic, d) kalka, e) abbreviation of words. These derivational ways, which have different functionality in various periods, are also followed in the language of official-legal documents in old Uyghur language. In this paper, in the light of old Turkish legal documents, the terminology is discussed in a semantic way, in this method, which is one of the most efficient and first ways of word derivation, the position of polysemy (polysemy), the transition of words from general use to specific use - term by changing their meaning, the semantic expansion of the word are examined. manifestations have been studied. Key words: Old Turkish, Official-business style, Law, Terminology, Word derivation, Semantics