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Journal articles on the topic 'Morphological meaning'
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1
Harutyunyan, Anahit. "SIMPLE WORDS IN ANCIENT ARMENIAN LANGUAGE (GRABAR), COMBINING ADJECTIVE/NOUN MEANINGS." JOURNAL FOR ARMENIAN STUDIES 2, no. 61 (2023): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/journalforarmenianstudies.v2i61.45.
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In grabar there are words with morphological meaning that is split between different parts of the speech. Combinations of more than one speech category represent those words. Those words are referred to as multiple-meaning words. Morphologically polysemantic words in diachronic reality, in the synchronic aspect of the language, can equally combine more than one morphological meaning with the associated syntactic functions. Units belonging to different parts of speech, being in one group or another (noun, adjective, etc.), i.e. grouped according to some common semantic, morphological and syntactic features, nevertheless undergo changes to one degree or another in the course of the historical development of language, because language is a constantly developing phenomenon. In this article, we examined the simple words in grabar, that combine the adjective/noun morphology, and acquired multiple meaning as a result of speech part transitions. Syntactic use of such terms expresses their morphological meanings. According to syntactic application, an adjective becomes a noun when it receives a suffix and a declension and takes on the subject meaning of the complimentary word. Frequent use of adjectives as nouns can split their basic partial meaning and undergo substantiation. Particularly, adjectives that go with personal nouns are entrenched in the language as characteristic terms as well as personal nouns since they are used interchangeably. Words that combine adjective/noun meanings are met in grabar grammar books under the term "medium". Due to their lexical features, these words express: a) personality and personality characteristics, b) personality and characteristics of the person and subject.
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Bozic, Mirjana, William D. Marslen-Wilson, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, Matthew H. Davis, and Lorraine K. Tyler. "Differentiating Morphology, Form, and Meaning: Neural Correlates of Morphological Complexity." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 9 (2007): 1464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1464.
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The role of morphological structure in word recognition raises issues about the nature and structure of the language system. One major issue is whether morphological factors provide an independent principle for lexical organization and processing, or whether morphological effects can be reduced to the joint contribution of form and meaning. The independence of form, meaning, and morphological structure can be directly investigated using derivationally complex words, because derived words can share form but need not share meaning (e.g., archer-arch). We used an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to investigate priming between pairs of words that potentially shared a stem, where this link was either semantically transparent (e.g., bravely-brave) or opaque (e.g., archer-arch). These morphologically related pairs were contrasted with identity priming (e.g., mist-mist) and priming for pairs of words that shared only form (e.g., scandal-scan) or meaning (e.g., accuse-blame). Morphologically related words produced significantly reduced activation in left frontal regions, whether the pairs were semantically transparent or opaque. The effect was not found for any of the control conditions (identity, form, or meaning). Morphological effects were observed separately from processing form and meaning and we propose that they reflect segmentation of complex derived words, a process triggered by surface morphological structure of complex words.
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CARR, LAURA, and JUDITH JOHNSTON. "Morphological cues to verb meaning." Applied Psycholinguistics 22, no. 4 (2001): 601–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716401004064.
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Two experiments investigated the role of inflections in verb learning. In Study I, 3- to 5-year-olds with typical language development were asked to extend novel verbs to new instances. They heard the verbs inflected with either -ed or -ing and were given a forced choice between events that maintained either the activity or the result of the original event. The younger children selected events according to the verb inflection: same-activity events for -ing and same-result events for -ed. Older preschoolers chose same-result events throughout. Study II was conducted to investigate the nature of this causal bias. A group of 4- to 5-year-olds with specific language impairment completed the same verb extension task. They were equivalent to the older Study I children in age and IQ but were at lower language levels than the younger group. Children in the SLI group used neither the inflectional strategy nor the same-result strategy. Findings from the two studies point to a developmental period during which children treat inflectional cues as reliable guides to verb meaning. The discussion focuses on the rise and fall of such inflectional bootstrapping and the linguistic character of the same-result bias that replaces it.
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HARUTYUNYAN, ANAHIT. "WORDS IN OLD ARMENIAN LANGUAGE (GRABAR), COMBINING ADVERB/ PREPOSITION MEANINGS." JOURNAL FOR ARMENIAN STUDIES 4, no. 63 (2024): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/journalforarmenianstudies.v4i63.70.
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In Grabar there are words with morphological meaning that is split between different parts of the speech. Combinations of more than one speech category represent those words. Those words are referred to as multiple-meaning words. Multiple-meaning words in diachronic reality, in the synchronic aspect of the language, can equally combine more than one morphological meaning with the associated syntactic functions. In this article, we examined those words in Grabar, that combine the adverb/preposition morphology, and acquired multiple meaning in consequence of speech part transitions. Syntactic use of such terms expresses their morphological meanings. The words that combine the meanings of an adverb/preposition in Grabar can be used in conjunction with a real/material significance, in considered case in the multiple-meaning of an adverb, in another combination - in the meaning of a preposition. As prepositions, these words require the use of the genitive (above, on the contrary, under // inside, etc.), dative (similar, like), accusative (as if, close), ablative (subtly, far, detached), instrumental (around) cases. By transmitting parts of speech with material meaning, the system of parts of speech with grammatical meaning is being enriched. In Grabar, the words expressed relations with prepositions, were transmitted from adverbs, and consequently can be used as prepositions in sentences.
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Sari, Rafica. "COMPOUNDING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERMS: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 1 (2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v13i1.755.
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AbstrakDalam linguistik merupakan proses pembentukan kata yang sangat produktif dua kata atau lebih digabungkan menjadi sebuah kata baru. Proses ini sering dijumpai pada pembentukan kata atau istilah baru dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Compound word (kata majemuk) pada istilah-istilah bidang teknologi informasi adakalanya memiliki makna yang berbeda dari makna leksikal pembentuk kata majemuknya. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini ditulis untuk mendeskripsikan kata majemuk yang terdapat pada istilah teknologi informasi, mendeskripsikan cara penulisannya, dan mendeskripsikan makna leksikal pada kata majemuk tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, diketahui bahwa kata majemuk dalam teknologi informasi memiliki beberapa kombinasi elemen dengan cara penulisan menggunakan open form, hyphenated-form, dan closed/solid form. Makna kata majemukyang terbentuk dari proses compounding pada istilah teknologi informasi ternyata lebih banyak mempertahankan makna leksikal dari masing-masing kata pembentuknya daripada membentuk makna baru. Kata-kata kunci: compounding, istilah teknologi informasi, makna leksikal. AbstractIn linguistic it is a process of word formation that is very productive in which two or more words are combined into a new word. This process is often found in the formation of new words or terms in the field of information technology. Compound words for terms in the field of information technology sometimes have a different meaning from the lexical meaning of each word that makes up the compound words. Therefore, this paper is written to describe compound words contained in information technology terms, to describes how to write them, and to describe lexical meanings of the compound words. Based on the analysis using a descriptive method, it was found that compound words in information technology have some combinations of elements by way of writing using open form, hyphenated-form, and closed/solid form. Meanings of compound words that are formed through the compounding process in the information technology terms seem to maintain lexical meaning of each constituent word rather than forming new meanings. Keywords: compounding, information technology terms, lexical meaning
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Скоробогатова, Елена Александровна. "УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЕ СПОСОБЫ АКТУАЛИЗАЦИИ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ФОРМ И ЗНАЧЕНИЙ В ЯЗЫКЕ РУССКОЙ ПОЭЗИИ". Русская филология: Вестник Харьковского национального педагогического университета имени Г.С. Сковороды, № 56 (4 квітня 2016): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.48879.
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<em>Grammatical ideas of Kharkiv Linguopoetic School are being developed in the article. Means of verse actualisation of morphological level units’ meanings and forms have been singled out and described. It is asserted that notional poetic potential of the unit depends on its grammatical nature (part-of-speech and categorical meaning, capability to transformations and interaction), while actualisation in verse structure is under the laws of poetic functioning. Basic means of actualisation (that are used for singling out all the parts of speech) are characterized as universal ones. They are attraction, selection and juxtaposition. It is specified that grammemes localisation in strong positions of a verse line and poetical composition emphasizes the form and the meaning of morphological units and combinations.</em>
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Hamdani, Wagino Hamid, and Maman Abdurrahman. "FENOMENA POLISEMIK BAHASA ARAB DALAM AL-QUR’AN DAN IMPLIKASI PEMBELAJARANNYA." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 1 (2014): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v14i1.699.
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This study aims to reveal the Arabic polysemy in the Koran and its variation of lexico-grammatical meaning. Ten forms of polysemy were obtained, namely, (فَعيل), (فِعال), (فَعْلان فُعْلان - فِعْلان), (فُعُل),(فَعَلَة), (فُعُوْل), (تفعَّل), (تفَعّلُوا), (أفْعَل), and (فَعَل). Each contains four morphological meanings, three morphological meanings, four morphological meanings, three morphological meanings, five morphological meanings, three morphological meanings, two morphological meanings, four morphological meanings, four morphological meanings, and five morphological meanings, respectively. The appearance of the Arabic polysemy in the Koran is attributed to (i) the process associated with the application of morphophonemic hadzf, ta mudhara'ah, (ii) the morphological process which includes morf, morfem, tauzi’ sharfy, and tahlil dakhili lil kalimah, and (iii) the morphosyntactic process which includes tauzi' sharfy-tarkiby, tarkib idhafi, and tarkib 'adadi. In general (61.38%), the Arabic polysemic forms in the Koran have lexico-grammatical variations including repetitive (33.83%), synonyms (11.11%), polisemic (6.80%), and grammatical (9,50). In addition, there are two polysemic forms, namely: (فعْلان) and (فعَلة) which have a lexical-grammatical variety in the high category (77.78%) and (72.00%), the other four (4) polisemic Arabic forms, namely: (أفعلَ) (فعِيل), (فعَل), and (فعُول) have high levels of lexico-grammatical variation in the medium category: (63.81%), (66.04 %), (68.52%) and (69.87%), respectively.
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Slyambekov, K. "GRAMMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE CATEGORY OF MODALITY IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE." Tiltanym 86, no. 2 (2022): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2022-2-83-94.
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The category of modality expresses the speaker’s attitude to the connection that he establishes between the content of a given utterance and reality, i.e., attitude to attitude. This article examines the category of modality as a phenomenon of grammatical forms and its representation. The analysis of the features of modal words, mood, modal verb forms in the transmission of modal meaning is carried out. And we are also talking about the specifics of modal meaning in other Turkic languages, including the semantic differences between the languages of Kazakh and Karakalpak. Opinions are given regarding the allocation of modal words as a lexico-semantic class.The category of modality can be considered both in morphological and syntactic, as well as in lexical aspect. The modal meaning is first expressed in grammatical forms. The article will touch upon the most frequently used language techniques in creating modal meaning, as well as the features of the transmission of modal meaning in moods. There are many grammatical ways to convey modal meaning, including purely grammatical and lexico-grammatical, morphological and syntactic techniques. Modality can be defined as a complex category that can be conveyed syntactically, morphologically and lexically. Although the article considers grammatical representative models of giving modal meaning, morphological approaches are becoming increasingly important. Syntactic approaches will be discussed briefly. In our opinion, syntactic methods of transmitting modal meaning are becoming increasingly associated with extralinguistic factors.
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Lavric, Aureliu, Amanda Clapp, and Kathleen Rastle. "ERP Evidence of Morphological Analysis from Orthography: A Masked Priming Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 5 (2007): 866–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.5.866.
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There is broad consensus that the visual word recognition system is sensitive to morphological structure (e.g., “hunter” = “hunt” + “er”). Moreover, it has been assumed that the analysis of morphologically complex words (e.g., “hunter”) occurs only if the meaning of the complex form can be derived from the meanings of its constituents (e.g., “hunt” and “er”). However, recent behavioral work using masked priming has suggested that morphological analysis can occur at an early, orthographic level, with little influence from semantics. The present investigation examined the neurophysiological correlates of masked priming in conditions of a genuine morphological relationship (e.g., “hunter”-“HUNT”), an apparent morphological relationship (“corner”-“CORN”), and no morphological relationship (“brothel”-“BROTH”). Neural priming was indexed by the reduction of the N400 ERP component associated with targets preceded by related primes, as compared to targets preceded by unrelated primes. The mere appearance of morphological structure (“corner”-“CORN”) resulted in robust behavioral and neural priming, whose magnitude was similar to that observed in pairs with genuine morphological relationship and greater than that in the nonmorphological pairs. The results support a purely structural morphemic segmentation procedure operating in the early stages of visual word perception.
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Angelita, Tasya, Muna Oktaviana, and Bakdal Ginanjar. "PROSES MORFOLOGIS DALAM BAHASA MINANG DIALEK SIMPANG EMPAT DI PASAMAN BARAT." Hasta Wiyata 5, no. 2 (2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.hastawiyata.2022.005.02.04.
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This study aims to describe and determine the form, function and meaning that occurs in the morphological process of the Minang language in Simpang Empat, West Pasaman. In analyzing the data, this study used a qualitative descriptive method. Data in Minang language translated into Indonesian. The function and meaning of prefixes, infixes, and suffixes in the study of morphological processes. This is the basis for research that departs to describe the measuring data used. There are forms of processes and meanings in morphological studies that include prefixes, suffixes, and infixes in the Minang language. There are four types of affixes in Minang language, namely ba-, man-, pa-, di, ka-, ta-, -an, di-an, ba-an, pan-an, and ka-an. The meaning of the affix will be formed according to the affix attached to the root word. The function of affixes in the Minang language is to change the type of word from other types of words.
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Leban, Ksenija. "A Survey of Internationalisms between Slovene and English." Slovene Linguistic Studies 3 (February 5, 2025): 42–57. https://doi.org/10.3986/sls.3.1.03.
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The major aim of the survey here reported was to establish whether internationalisms, words which are used internationally, may be used by Slovene and English language users as lexical items with a total meaning overlap. For the purpose of the study, a corpus comprising 895 Slovene lexical items beginning with the letter L and their English-language counterparts was created. The lexical items in the corpus were then compared to verify their similarities in meaning, both on the conceptual, connotational, collocational and stylistic levels, and in form, both in terms of their morphological structure, pronunciation and orthography. The study showed that only a limited number of internationalisms between Slovene and English share enough semantic, morphological, phonetic and orthographic characteristics to be used in the foreign language without falling into the trap of committing interlingual errors. With most of the analysed lexical pairs, differences in meaning, morphological structure, pronunciation and/or spelling could be observed. Often, lexical pairs differed on more than one level. Semantic false friends, for example, may differ in meaning, morphology, pronunciation and spelling. With morphological false friends, the meanings of the lexemes are the same - the lexical pairs would differ in their morphological structure. Often, morphological differences would be accompanied by phonological and orthographical divergences as well. Finally, while with phonological false friends differences in pronunciation may be supported also by different spelling, divergences among orthographical false friends are restricted to orthography. Although it is true that internationalisms are words which are used internationally, it has been proven that they are not used in the same way in the Slovene-English language pair. Yet, it is their apparent similarities that often lead us to believe that they share their meaning and linguistic behaviour, thus inducing us to commit interlingual errors of false-friend type.
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Sari, Pita. "MAʾNĀ ALFĀZ SŪRAH LUQMAN (DIRĀSAH TAHLĪLIYYAH DILĀLIYYAH)". Jurnal Al-Maqayis 7, № 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/jams.v7i2.5038.
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The discussion of meaning takes a very important role in language learning. From there we can see how important it is to study Semantics. This article aims to understand: 1) Types of meanings in the verses of Holy Qur’an Surah Luqman, 2) The relation between the verse words of Surah Luqman and their meanings contained in the book At-Tahrir wa Tanwir. This research is a literature study, using a qualitative approach, the data analysis technique used in this research is content analysis. The primary data in this research are the verses of Surah Luqman and their meanings contained in the book At-Tahrir wa Tanwir, and the secondary data in this research were taken from books related to the research. The result of this research is, researchers found 10 types of meanings in the verses of Surah Luqman which rever to the meanings contained in the book At-Tahrir wa Tanwir, namely: Lexical Meaning, Contextual Meaning (language context), Functional Meaning of Syntatic Structure, Functional Meaning of Morphological Structure,Word Meaning, Referential Meaning, Stylistic Meaning, Conceptual Meaning, Figurative Meaning, Meaning of Terms. And the relation between the verse words and its meaning occurs in 3 types of relations, namely: Synonim, Polysemy, Hypernym and Hyponym. Keywords: Types of Meaning, Relations of Meanings, Surah Luqman, Tafsir At-Tahrir wa Tanwir, Ibnu ‘Asyur, Semantic Analysis
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Ratkus, Artūras. "Morphologically Complex Adjectives with a Negative Prefix: Translation Problems." Vertimo studijos, no. 13 (December 28, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2020.4.
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The article addresses problems of understanding and translation of morphologically complex words. It is not unusual for English adjectives with a negative prefix to have unexpected meanings that cannot be predicted based on examining the adjectives’ morphological structure. One such complex example is the adjective incapable. It is argued that this adjective has a peculiar set of meanings and uses that are independent of the positive form capable and unrelated to the adjective able. The article adduces evidence of specific uses of incapable, in which it showcases the meaning of ‘unfit for, unsuitable’ – not documented in most dictionaries.
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EHMED, DILAWER JEWHER, та ZYAD ABDULLAH ABDULSAMAD. "الفكر الصرفي عند الحلبي في كتاب عمدة الحفاظ في تفسير أشرف الألفاظ". Twejer 3, № 3 (2020): 493–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2033.13.
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The morphological lesson is one of the pathways of reaching an understanding of the Qur’anic contents, as it is a level of linguistic levels from which one must start and rely on to analyze and interpret Qur’anic expressions. Among the vocabulary of the morphological lesson are the exaggeration formulas (Omdat Al heefadh fi Tafseer Ashraf Al Alfadh) that display the singular in a garment that includes the meaning of the word and what it can be augmented by meanings that they bear without other weights. The words and the connotations they perform that distinguish one use from another.
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KE, SIHUI ECHO, and KEIKO KODA. "Contributions of Morphological Awareness to Adult L2 Chinese Word Meaning Inferencing." Modern Language Journal 101, no. 4 (2017): 742–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/modl.12428.
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AbstractThis study examined the contributions of morphological awareness (MA) to second language (L2) word meaning inferencing in English‐speaking adult learners of Chinese (N = 50). Three research questions were posed: Are L2 learners sensitive to the morphological structure of unknown multi‐character words? Does first language (L1) MA contribute to L2 MA over and above L2 linguistic knowledge? Does L2 MA contribute to L2 word meaning inference over and above L1 MA and L2 linguistic knowledge? These questions were investigated through the use of a set of experimental and paper‐and‐pencil measurements of the aforementioned L1 and L2 reading subskills and L2 linguistic knowledge, as well as working memory. Several significant results were found. The L2 learners were sensitive to the morphological structure of multi‐character words and more successful in guessing the meanings of novel words containing affixoids and familiar bases. L1 MA was found to transfer and facilitate the development of L2 MA over and above L2 linguistic knowledge. Additionally, L2 MA contributed to L2 word meaning inferencing indirectly through L2 linguistic knowledge. The discussion focuses on the intralingual and interlingual relationships among L1 MA, L2 MA, L2 linguistic knowledge, and L2 word meaning inferencing in adult L2 reading development.
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Sulaima, Raziyu Lawal, and Haruna Abubakar Haruna. "Min Asrār al-‘Udūl fī Siyag al-Asmā’." Aphorisme: Journal of Arabic Language, Literature, and Education 4, no. 1 (2023): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/aphorisme.v4i1.3267.
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Changing from the form of the pronunciation to another form only occurs due to a specificity necessitated by the context, and is not envisaged in the speech of the Arabs except by those who know the symbols of eloquence, eloquence, and meanings, and know the secrets of the speech of the Arabs. Variation in the morphological forms of nouns of all kinds is also not an obstacle, especially in Quranic expression, but rather leaves a semantic guide required by the context, occasions, and positions. Among these connotations is the departure from the original meaning to a secondary meaning or another meaning through which it indicates an additional meaning, such as changing from the infinitive to the plural and vice versa, from the masculine to the feminine and vice versa, from the indefinite to the definite article, from the infinitive to the derivatives and vice versa, and so on. This paper aims to reveal those connotations and rhetorical meanings behind the phenomenon of variation in the forms of nouns according to morphological rules and sometimes syntactic, while pointing out some of the differences in opinions of scholars on the issue in which these differences were found.
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Cotterell, Ryan, and Hinrich Schütze. "Joint Semantic Synthesis and Morphological Analysis of the Derived Word." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 6 (December 2018): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00003.
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Much like sentences are composed of words, words themselves are composed of smaller units. For example, the English word questionably can be analyzed as question+ able+ ly. However, this structural decomposition of the word does not directly give us a semantic representation of the word’s meaning. Since morphology obeys the principle of compositionality, the semantics of the word can be systematically derived from the meaning of its parts. In this work, we propose a novel probabilistic model of word formation that captures both the analysis of a word w into its constituent segments and the synthesis of the meaning of w from the meanings of those segments. Our model jointly learns to segment words into morphemes and compose distributional semantic vectors of those morphemes. We experiment with the model on English CELEX data and German DErivBase (Zeller et al., 2013) data. We show that jointly modeling semantics increases both segmentation accuracy and morpheme F1 by between 3% and 5%. Additionally, we investigate different models of vector composition, showing that recurrent neural networks yield an improvement over simple additive models. Finally, we study the degree to which the representations correspond to a linguist’s notion of morphological productivity.
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M.B., Mengliyeva. "On The Study Of The Meaning Of "Ability" Within Motion Manner Category In Uzbek Language." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 2, no. 09 (2020): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue09-46.
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The intermediate grammatical meaning of "ability" is smaller than the number of specific meanings in "process" and is limited to "ability" and "trial". While these meanings are expressed in the phonetic layer by the extension and contraction of the sound, in the morphological layer they are expressed by the use of auxiliary verbs. These particular grammatical meanings are not represented by tense forms in the morphological layer. The meanings of "process" are expressed in the syntactic layer by word combinations with the presence of the action verb, that is, together with the verb, such words as “hardly”, “with huge efforts” are combined with the word denoting the action. In the lexical layer, it can be expressed directly by verbs such as to act, to succeed. Although the intermediate meaning group “ability” is smaller in structure than the “process” group, its means are stylistically neutral and can be used in both formal and informal speech..
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Behrend, Douglas A., L. Lynn Harris, and Kelly B. Cartwright. "Morphological cues to verb meaning: verb inflections and the initial mapping of verb meanings." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 1 (1995): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009648.
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ABSTRACTThe present studies investigated children's use of verb inflections to guide their initial mapping of verb meanings. Given that children initially apply the progressive-inginflection to verbs denoting actions and the past-edinflection to verbs denoting results of events, two studies were conducted to investigate whether children use these inflections during mapping of novel verb meanings. In both studies, subjects were taught novel verbs and were asked to extend those verbs to events in which the action or result differed from events used to teach the verbs. It was predicted that subjects would be less likely to extend verbs inflected with-ingto events with new actions and would be less likely to extend verbs inflected with-edto events with new results. Eighteeen three- and five-year-olds and 24 adults participated in Experiment 1 in a between-subjects design that produced weak effects for the youngest subjects tested. Experiment 2 tested 16 three-year-olds and 19 five-year-olds in a within-subjects design and produced the predicted effect for three-year-olds, but not for five-year-olds. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for early verb learning and regarding the use of the bootstrapping construct in language acquisition research.
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Gold, Brian T., and Kathleen Rastle. "Neural Correlates of Morphological Decomposition during Visual Word Recognition." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 12 (2007): 1983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.12.1983.
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Considerable behavioral research has demonstrated that the visual word recognition system is sensitive to morphological structure. It has typically been assumed that analysis of morphologically complex words occurs only when the meaning of these words can be derived from the meanings of their constituents (e.g., hunter = hunt + er). However, results from recent behavioral research using the masked priming technique have demonstrated that morphological analysis can occur at an earlier orthographic level, in cases in which the meanings of complex words cannot be derived from their constituents (e.g., corner = corn + er). Here, we combine the logic of behavioral masked priming with the neurophysiological phenomenon of functional magnetic resonance imaging priming suppression to look for evidence of nonsemantic morphological priming at the neural level. Both behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging results indicated priming effects associated with the mere appearance of morphological structure (corner—CORN). In addition, these effects were distinguishable from lexical-semantic effects (bucket—PAIL) and orthographic effects (brothel—BROTH). Three left-lateralized occipito-temporal regions showed sensitivity to early morphological components of visual word recognition. Two of these regions also showed orthographic priming (∼BA 37, peak: −48 −60 −17; ∼BA 19, peak: −40 −77 −1), whereas one was sensitive only to morphological similarity between primes and targets (∼BA 19, peak: ∼37 ∼67 ∼7). These findings provide a neurobiological basis for a purely structural morphemic segmentation mechanism operating at early stages of visual word recognition.
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Muhammed, Ban Nawaf, and Qassem Mish’aan Rahibi. "The Morphological Researches in The Book “Al-Taa’liq Al-Sabeeh On Mishkatil Masabeeh” By Muhammad Idris Al-Kandhlawi (Died 1394 A.H)." Journal of AlMaarif University College 33, no. 1 (2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v33i1.459.g2573.
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Our research aims to show the morphological aspect of the Sabeeh comment, especially in which the morphological semantic signs are such as alternating between morphological forms, by making the singular on a specific weight and the meaning of another meaning. He also showed the morphological transformations transmitted in the folds of the book, such as the signs, substitutions, diminutives, and proportions.
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Amenta, Simona, Fritz Günther, and Marco Marelli. "A (distributional) semantic perspective on the processing of morphologically complex words." Semantics and Psychology of Complex Words 15, no. 1 (2020): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.00014.ame.
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Abstract While morphemes are theoretically defined as linguistic units linking form and meaning, semantic effects in morphological processing are not reported consistently in the literature on derived and compound words. The lack of consistency in this line of research has often been attributed to methodological differences between studies or contextual effects. In this paper, we advance a different proposal where semantic effects emerge quite consistently if semantics is defined in a dynamic and flexible way, relying on distributional semantics approaches. In this light, we revisit morphological processing, taking a markedly cognitive perspective, as allowed by models that focus on morphology as systematic meaning transformation or that focus on the mapping between the orthographic form of words and their meanings.
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Gulnoza, Azamatova. "GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF NUMBER IN UZBEK LANGUAGE." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 4, no. 6 (2024): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume04issue06-03.
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The purpose of this research article is to describe the structure, meaning, function and use of plural meanings, to determine the grammatical indicators of the plural in the history of the Uzbek language based on written sources, the linguistic features ofthe plural category in the Uzbek language and speech realization, morphological, lexical, syntactic, phonetic and non-linguistic tools representing plural meaning were studied according to the integrated system.
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Kyuseva, Maria, and Daria Ryzhova. "Vyrazhenie lokativnykh znacheniy v kubanskom dialekte kabardino-cherkesskogo yazyka (na primere glagolov padennia) [Expression of locative meanings in Kabardian, Kuban dialect (case of verbs of falling)]." Voronezh University working papers. Linguistics and intercultural communication, no. 2 (June 5, 2016): 79–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10234189.
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The paper analyzes interaction between locative markers and lexical meaning of the stem in Kuban Kabardian. In the case study of the semantic zone of falling we reveal different morphological patterns of marking spatial relationship between Trajector and Landmark. We hypothesize that morphological differences, on the one hand, arise from distinctions in lexical meanings, and, on the other hand, are due to gradual lexicalization of the locative markers.
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Jiang, Yih-Lin Belinda, and Li-Jen Kuo. "The development of vocabulary and morphological awareness: A longitudinal study with college EFL students." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 4 (2019): 877–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271641900002x.
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AbstractWhile the relationship between vocabulary, morphological awareness, and reading comprehension has been examined extensively, research on this relationship among adult second language learners has only been explored recently. The present study addresses this gap by examining how adult English as a foreign language learners developed different types of English vocabulary and morphological awareness over the course of one academic year. Participants included 523 college freshmen in Taiwan with varying reading proficiency levels. Results from a series of mixed-measure analyses of variance revealed that (a) even the more proficient college English as a foreign language learners failed to fully grasp morphological principles; (b) the gap in vocabulary between the less skilled readers, the average, and the skilled readers widened significantly over the course of one academic year; (c) the effect of phonological and orthographic changes involved in morphologically complex words differed for the assessment of base meaning, but did not vary across proficiency levels; (d) progress in different aspects of morphological awareness, such as interpreting the meaning of the suffix or identifying the base of a morphologically complex word, varied significantly among readers of different proficiency levels; and (e) suffixes of different parts of speech posed different challenges to learners. Theoretical and pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Sudipa, Made Henra Dwikarmawan, and Ni Luh Gede Meilantari. "Wakamono Kotoba in “Tokyo Revengers” by Ken Wakui: A Study of Morphology and Semantics." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 7, no. 1 (2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v7i1.38996.
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Japanese slang or wakamono kotoba grows rapidly in Japanese and frequently found in Japanese media, such as in manga and anime. The differencebetween wakamono kotoba and standardized Japanese language forms and meanings becomes a problem in understanding the meanings of wakamono kotoba, especially for Japanese language learners. As an attempt to solve this problem, this study aims to analyze the forms and meaning of Japanese slang words or wakamono kotoba. The data were collected from Japanese comic titled Tokyo Revengers by Ken Wakui, and analyzed using the identity method and distribution techniques. The data of wakamono kotoba found then analyzed based on word formation theory by Tsujimura (1996),and to analyze the meaning of wakamono kotoba, contextual meaning theory by Pateda (2001) was used. The results showed that wakamono kotobacan be divided into five morphological forms including affixation, compound, reduplication, clipping, and borrowing. In terms of meaning, there arewakamono kotoba which still express the original meaning, while a certain number of wakamono kotoba have changed its’ meanings from their original meanings.
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Maiden, Martin. "Irregularity as a determinant of morphological change." Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 2 (1992): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015231.
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In morphology, as in other branches of scientific endeavour, apparent disorder and irregularity tend to be re-analysed as underlying order. Asymmetries between form and meaning, such as allomorphy, tend accordingly to be factored into basic invariance,2 sames of meaning being interpreted, where possible, as sames of form. Alternatively, as in some of Bybee's (1985) analyses of fusional allomorphy, differences in form may be viewed as diagrammatic of differences in meaning. Allomorphic variants which cannot be made to yield to such re-analyses are commonly relegated to a kind of marginal synchronie ‘junkpile’, and are assumed to be a synchronically ‘inert’ residue of historical (usually phonological) changes. That such an approach to allomorphy can often be illuminating is not in question, but it bespeaks an essentially negative view of morphological irregularity. I wish to propose that there is room for a complementary perspective, in which the ‘irregularity’ inherent in allomorphy can be appreciated not as basically ‘inert’ deviation from a natural isomorphic relationship between meaning and form, but as an active, abstract structural property of morphological systems.
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Ren, Yujing, and Mawar Binti Masri. "Evolution of cross-cultural architectural decorative elements from a semiotic perspective: A comparative study of Ming-Qing Chinese and Malacca Baba-Nyonya architecture." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (2025): 1610–19. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7237.
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This research systematically analyzes the morphological characteristics, symbolic meanings, and evolutionary patterns of decorative elements in Ming-Qing Chinese and Malacca Baba-Nyonya architecture through a semiotic perspective. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach, integrating architectural semiotics theory with field research to construct an analytical framework encompassing morphological analysis, semiotic interpretation, and cross-cultural comparison. Findings reveal that geometric and natural patterns dominate Baba-Nyonya architecture, while animal patterns and character/symbol patterns predominate in Ming-Qing architecture. Decorative elements in cross-cultural transmission demonstrate three translation modes: form preservation-meaning preservation, form preservation-meaning transformation, and form transformation-meaning transformation. Baba-Nyonya architectural decorations exhibit more vibrant colors and higher pattern density, while symbolically transitioning from traditional hierarchical order and religious connotations toward commercial prosperity and family prosperity values. The research findings not only validate Eco's theory of dual functions of architectural signs but also provide historical references and theoretical foundations for cross-cultural architectural design and cultural heritage preservation.
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Sicherl, Eva. "Slovene Nominal Diminutives and their English Equivalents: A Comparison." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 9, no. 2 (2012): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.9.2.53-63.
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A contrastive analysis of nominal diminutives in Slovene and English clearly shows that diminutive formation and use of diminutives in Slovene is tied to the morphological characteristics of nouns and, consequently, their morphological–lexemic features, whereas the focus of diminutive formation and use in English remains bound to the syntactic use, or rather, the respective syntactico–semantic use of a given lexeme. In all languages, diminutiveness is a basic meaning– forming element, which can, however, be realized predominantly morphologically, as is the case in Slovene, or predominantly syntactically, as is the case in English. As a meaning–forming element it also plays a crucial role in the development of terminology – in this case the diminutive as language metaphor gains semantic independence and becomes a technical term.
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Gwilliams, Laura. "How the brain composes morphemes into meaning." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1791 (2019): 20190311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0311.
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Morphemes (e.g. [tune], [-ful], [-ly]) are the basic blocks with which complex meaning is built. Here, I explore the critical role that morpho-syntactic rules play in forming the meaning of morphologically complex words, from two primary standpoints: (i) how semantically rich stem morphemes (e.g. explode, bake, post) combine with syntactic operators (e.g. -ion, -er, -age) to output a semantically predictable result; (ii) how this process can be understood in terms of mathematical operations, easily allowing the brain to generate representations of novel morphemes and comprehend novel words. With these ideas in mind, I offer a model of morphological processing that incorporates semantic and morpho-syntactic operations in service to meaning composition, and discuss how such a model could be implemented in the human brain. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition’.
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Stella Marie D. Consul. "THE MORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF INISKAYA." Journal of Educational and Human Resource Development (JEHRD) 2 (December 10, 2014): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.61569/myvk9g56.
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The study attempted to analyze and describe the morphological system of Iniskaya in terms of free and bound morphemes and word classes. It used the descriptive design with the language as subject for study and the purposive sampling was adopted in determining the subject-respondents. The morphological system of Iniskaya is made up of free and bound morphemes as components of words. The bound morphemes are either attached or detached from roots in structure but are bound in meaning. Its word classes are content words and function words. The morphologic system of Iniskaya shares the same immediate constituents with the Cebuano-Visayan language.
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الجرادات, خلف. "The Fundamental Morphological Meaning of the Verbal Pattern ‘ʔɪftaʕala’." المجلة العربية للعلوم الإنسانية 37, № 147 (2019): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/ajh.v37i147.2749.
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يقوم هذا البحث على توحيد الدلالة الصرفيّة للصيغة الفعليّة المزيدة (افتعل)، ويخلص إلى أنّ لها دلالة واحدة لا تعدوها، وتنتظم كلّ أمثلتها، وهي القصد إلى الفعل والعَمد إليه من ذات الفاعل. وكلّ المعاني الّتي ذكرها الصرفيّون قدامى ومحدثين إنّما تعود إلى هذا المعنى، أو تنطلق منه، فهو معناها الوحيد، وقد برهن البحث على ذلك، وهو ما يجلو دلالة هذه الصيغة في كلّ الجذور الواردة في اللغة، ويخلّصها من اضطراب المعاني وتداخلها بلا طائل.
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Иман гызы Ганбарова, Ирада. "Morphological structure of words in Modern English." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (2021): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/106-108.
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In the article “Morphological structure of words in Modern English” the author conducted research on the study of the Morphological structure of words in the process of learning Modern English. In this article, the author describes the morphological structure of the word. They are: 1) simple words; 2) compound words; 3) words that consist of the same root and never change their meaning; 4) words that are obscured by various additions to the derivative; 5) words formed with the help of various suffices; 6) affixes that change the form of the word; 7) abbreviations. A morpheme is a small part of a word. A morpheme has an independent meaning. A morpheme can be considered the root of the word. The word itself cannot be considered a morpheme. Affixes are divided into prefixes and suffixes. Both – prefixes and suffixes can change the meaning of the word. Key words: suffix, prefix, accent, structure, participate, separate, base
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Sukma, Sukma, Khairina Nasution, Deliana Deliana, and Dwi Widayati. "Grammatical meaning of the prefix ber- in the Gurindam Dua Belas by Raja Ali Haji (Morphological study)." LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 20, no. 1 (2024): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/lite.v20i1.9647.
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This research aims to find out the grammatical meaning of the prefix ber- in Gurindam Dua Belas by Raja Ali Haji. This research is library research using a qualitative approach. The data in this research is the forms of the prefix ber- contained in the text Gurindam Dua Belas by Raja Ali Haji. The data collection techniques used are listening techniques and note-taking techniques. This research uses Ramlan's structural morphology theory which then analyzes the data using the agih method with the expansion technique to determine the grammatical meaning of the prefix ber-. The results of the research are that there are 18 words that use the prefix ber- in Gurindam Dua Belas by Raja Ali with the allomorph forms ber- and bel-. The grammatical meaning of the prefix ber found in the context of sentences in Gurindam Dua Belas can be interpreted literally or is still continuous with its lexical meaning such as the words bertiang, bersungguh-sungguh, berjalan, berbuat, berbahagia, berilmu, bertanya, belajar, berakal, bercampur, berkata-kata, berguru, berseteru, berjasa, and beroleh. Apart from that, the prefix ber- was also found which has a figurative meaning, causing implied meanings to emerge, such as in the words bertanah and berkuda. Lastly, the use of the prefix ber- in classical Malay was discovered so that if it was not related to the context, the word could have a different meaning today, such as the word berperi.
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Safitri, Hilma, Nikomang Ariani, and Diah Intan Pratiwi. "Reduplication in Tagalog and Indonesian Language (Bahasa): A Comparative Study." Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra 10, no. 2 (2024): 1829–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i2.3567.
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Reduplication consists of many forms in which each form has a tendency to create error effecting the meanings. The absence of knowledge to construct words appropriately creates difficulties since not all words are readily constructed for word reduplication. Less studies on topic applied were conducted. Therefore, this study is worth doing. The paper aims to describe and to compare the morphological reduplication in both Tagalog and Indonesian Language (Bahasa). This research was a qualitative methods. Qualitative research is a methods used to conduct and to interpret data in accordance with strategies such as collecting, analyzing, and concluding (Hamied, 2017). The data were analyzed by listing and comparing form and meaning of words after they were reduplicated. The findings show that the reduplication in both languages similarities and differences lie in terms of changes of tenses, class, another meaning, and quantity. Both partial and full reduplications were also found in terms of their similarities and differences. Partial reduplication on the words in the morphological reduplication altered two components namely word formation and the word meaning which lied in the changes of tenses which was the most common reduplication in Tagalog language. Meanwhile in Bahasa was the reduplication which referred to quantity. Full reduplication changing took place in the term of words with affix [ka] indicates the changes of meaning and the form as well. In the case of reduplication taken place on Bahasa, it was found that Bahasa had the tendency to have different meanings.
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Kamolovna, Nurova Firuza. "MODELING ANALYTICAL VERB FORMS FOR THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYZER OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE." American Journal of Philological Sciences 4, no. 4 (2024): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume04issue04-19.
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This paper explores the complexities involved in handling lexemes containing multiple word forms within the field of computational linguistics. It investigates diverse approaches and technological advancements, encompassing both syntactic and semantic analyses. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges encountered in Uzbek linguistics regarding the translation of analytical forms consisting of multiple word forms, along with potential solutions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of examining lexemes with multiple word forms within computational linguistics, offering insights into pioneering researchers in this field. The intricacies inherent in processing such lexemes in computational linguistics arise from their ambiguity, varied forms, and meanings, necessitating context consideration for accurate parsing of word combinations. The article also advocates for the development of effective analytical methods capable of capturing the intended meaning of expressions.
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Panova, Galina I., Tatiana V. Viktorina, and Antonina E. Kuzmina. "Morphological Means in Russian: Clarification of the Concept." Vestnik NSU. Series: History, Philology 20, no. 9 (2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-9-23-33.
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The concept of “morphological / grammatical means” is widely used in studies on the Russian language, although there is no generally accepted interpretation. This work analyzes the reflection of this concept in Russian studies and clarifies the status of those linguistic units that are traditionally referred to as morphological means: form-building affixes, alternating sounds (internal inflection), stress, supplementary word stems, auxiliary words, intonation, as well as word order. Our research has shown that these linguistic units have different functional status in the morphological structure of the Russian language. First, these are categorical, or actually morphological, means, represented by formative affixes and auxiliary words. They are carriers of morphological meanings in the structure of abstracted morphological forms – the basic units of inflectional Russian morphology. Secondly, a non-categorical means, syncretic and accidental for morphology, are supplementary stems that contain not only lexical, but also morphological meaning and thus duplicate the expression of morphological information in a word form with a form-building affix. Thirdly, these are linguistic units that are not elements of the morphological structure, but have morphological significance, which is manifested in their ability to differentiate homonymous morphological forms in the structure of word forms (alternating sounds and stress) or utterances (intonation). Word order can also perform a similar function. The study allows us to clarify the definition of the concept under consideration: morphological means are linguistic units that are carriers of morphological meanings and constituents of morphological forms.
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Lychuk, Maria, Svitlana Shabat-Savka, Lyudmila Marchuk, Tatiana Sukalenko, and Zoreslava Shevchuk. "Categorial Semantic Contours Semi-Phraseologized Sentences." Forum for Linguistic Studies 6, no. 6 (2024): 876–87. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i6.7313.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the categorical meanings of the semi-phraseologized sentences and characterisation of their semantic types. The study is based on the interpretation of semi-phraseologized sentences as colloquial syntactic constructions not only in Ukrainian but also in other languages. The categorical meanings of the semi-phraseological sentences “affirmation”, “negation”, “asessment” and “expression of will” make it possible to distinguish certain semantic types of semi-phraseologized sentences with corresponding categorical meanings. The classification feature is the phraseosyntactic meaning fixed to a stable structural scheme. The phrase-syntactic meaning forms the content of the phrase scheme components: morphological expression of permanent and variable components. Semi-phraseologized sentences with the categorical meaning of “affirmation” formed three semantic types: 1) with the actual affirmation meaning; 2) with the meaning of categorical affirmation; 3) with the meaning of conditional affirmation. Semi-phraseologized sentences have two manifestations of the categorical meaning of “negation”: 1) with actual negation; 2) with categorical negation. Semi-phraseologized sentences with categorical meaning of the “assessment” formed the two semantic types: with undifferentiated assessment and with negative assessment. Semi-phraseologized sentences with categorical meaning of the “expression of will” do not form semantic types due to the chaotic selection components of the colloquial type of phrase schemes.The proposed algorithm will help to organize specific non-segmented syntactic constructions in the syntax oral speech of speakers of different linguistic cultures.
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Pasichnyk, Nataliia, Nataliia Hotsa, Anna Kosenko, Olga Plavutska, and Ihor Bloshchynskyi. "Category of negation paradigm in diachrony." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S2 (2021): 1226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns2.1701.
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The negation in logic and linguistics, negation as a grammatical category on the morphological and syntactic levels are substantiated in the article. It is concluded that in broad semantic terms negation can be expressed in morphologic and syntactic ways in natural language. On the morphological level, negative affixes paradigm and separate parts of speech are taken into consideration, while on the syntactic level the whole negative sentence that includes one or more than one negator is observed. Negation is expressed using affixes that have explicative and implicative components in their meaning. Authentic affixes preserve the semantic meaning of the words they etymologically derive from, giving the word they join to, a special shade of negation. The main source of enrichment of the negative affixes paradigm and their new meaning are affixes borrowed from other languages. The study of the category of negation on different levels in diachronic aspects can help to observe the development of particular parts of speech, which can express negation, and serve as a base for further studies of negation in the different discourses and communicative situations.
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Kasiahe, Evi Martika D., Rina P. Pamantung, and Leika M. V. Kalangi. "Proses Morfologis pada Pembentukan Nama-nama Marga Etnis Sangihe." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 2 (2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.14.2.169-183.
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Sangihe ethnic surnames have numerous morphological processes, but have not been a major concern for linguists. Previous researches regarding names have not yet analyze the internal structure of a name. In this research, I analyzed names based on the lingual forms to observe that in a name, especially surname, undergoes a morphological process.The data in this research were collected through two methods, namely observation method with the technique of observing and interview with elicitation technique. This research aims to explain three things, namely morphological form, morphological processes of surnames, and the meaning of surnames. From this research, it is found that Sangihe ethnic surnames have non-affixation complex forms and trimorphemic complex forms. it is found that the same affix may produce different grammatical meaning depending on the word classes and a grammatical meaning can be produced by adding one phoneme only
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Bono, Zhang. "The statality and passivity of participles in -n/-t in Russian." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2023): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-23.016.
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The question of participles on -n/-t, which in terms of the pledge category turn out to be marked members and in their morphological form constantly express a passive meaning, is considered. But the pledge in the Russian language is a morphological and syntactic category. It reflects the opposite both at the level of morphological forms and at the level of syntactic structures. From this position, the definition of collateral values is not scientifically justified only from the point of view of morphological features. The purpose of this article is to establish the differences between short forms of participles on -n/-t, which have a passive meaning, and short forms of participles on -n/-t, which have a static meaning. The materials of this article bring a certain theoretical significance to the category of the pledge of the Russian language.
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Mohammed, Dashti Bahjat. "Differential semantics of words according to environmental theory." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 8, no. 5 (2024): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/lang.8.5.9.
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The research entitled (meaning of word differences according to environmental theory) is an attempt to present and show the words of language, which have different meanings according to different environments They are vague because they belong to more than one semantic field, but by including them in morphology and syntax, which are two environments of language, their meaning becomes clear. Vague objects exist at different levels of language (Environmental theory plays an important role in explaining blindness, especially morphological blindness, so the environment helps to achieve the most appropriate purpose.
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Abdulxayrov, Dilshod Pulatovich. "DIE SEMANTIK DER ZEITFORM -GAN EKAN IM USBEKISCHEN." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 5 (2023): 205–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7898674.
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The article briefly describes the structure, formation, pronunciation and grammatical meanings of the form -gan ekan in the Uzbek language through morphological, contextual and textual analysis. In the form of adverbs and imperfective verbs serve as indicators of the five categories. In the content, the meaning of time (past tense) is associated with the adverb, the modal meaning (indirect non-observability) and the syntactic feature (relationship) are associated with the imperfective verb. No context is required to express a time value. Modal meaning manifests itself in three ways, depending on the convenience of the context: heard, then known (based on evidence), conclusion (based on evidence). The size of the sentence (context) depends on the syntactic features of the form. Contextual (textual) analysis is carried out on the basis of modal meaning.
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Stehnitska, Liubov, and Mariia Teleky. "Morphological Ways of Creating Eponyms in English Medical Terminology." Romanian Journal of English Studies 21, no. 1 (2024): 50–58. https://doi.org/10.2478/rjes-2024-0004.
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Abstract In English medical terminology, there is a steady tendency for the functioning and even an increase in the number of eponymous terms. The authors focus on the term formation potential of eponyms, ways of their creation, and the semantics of derived units. This paper highlights the main morphological methods of creating eponymous terms in English medical terminology. The suffixation is represented by the suffixes: -ia, -(i)an, -ean, -ella, -(i)al, -ic, -osis, -iasis, -ism, -itis, -oma, -ize. The productivity of this method is provided by derivational suffixes with a semantic burden borrowed from Greek and Latin languages. The semantic range of suffixes contributes to creating new terms with similar meanings. Prefixation in eponymous terms was limited to using prefixes pre- and non-. Only two terms were identified in our investigation: pre-Alzheimer’s brain and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The majority of eponymous terminological units are found to be formed by affix combination. The components of this type of eponymous term are the prefixes a-, anti-, de-, hemi-, non-, post-, pre-, and the suffixes -ian, -ic, -ism,-ize such as anti-Mullerian hormone or hemiparkinsonism. The prefix performs a word-building role as an affix with a mutational meaning, while the suffix generalizes and specifies the meaning of the term. The methods of the word and stem composition are not prevailing. There are structural models with the morphemes pseudo- in the preposition and -like in the postposition: pseudo-Cushing syndrome and Burkitt-like lymphoma. Morphological methods of creating eponymous terms combine borrowed and native English morphemes where the elucidation of derivatives relies on the meanings of their components. Suffixation occupies a dominant position in the creation of eponymous terminological units.
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Telitsin, Nikolay N., and Kamilla A. Alieva. "Perfect in the Old Uighur Language." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 15, no. 2 (2023): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.207.
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The article discusses the semantic nature of the Turkic perfect, its semantic zone limitations and possible grammar tools of expressing Perfect in the Old Uighur language. Goals. The study aims to determine grammar tools of expressing Perfect meanings in the Old Uighur language. Morphological tools that are able to perform the meanings included into the semantic zone of Perfect are being studied. Perfect and description of its semantic zone are connected with the concepts of aspect, actionality and ways of verbal action. In this regard, the issue of the relevance of these terms, in relation to the Old Uighur perfect, is under discussion. The grammar tools expressing Perfect are studied according to the point of view that excludes Aspect as a grammar category in the Turkic languages. Studying aspectual and temporal meanings of Perfect diachronically on the basis of the Od Uighur material may give a hint to understand the Turkic perfect and its expressions in genetically related modern languages. Functional-semantic and typological methods are used to identify and describe morphological tools with a perfect meaning. Scripts of the Old Uighur language, dated back to 10th–11th centuries, are of biographical and religious-philosophical content. Work with scripts, comprehension of existing theoretical approaches to understanding Perfect as an element of aspectual functional-semantic field show that Perfect meanings in the Old Uighur language are expressed by morphological tools that can be correlated with models. The study concludes that means expressing the Perfect meaning in the Old Uighur language are able to mark temporal localization and/or aspect.
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Anggun Purnomo Arbi. "Exploring Nominalization and Adjectivization in Joko Widodo’s Speech: A Morphological Analysis." DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities 1, no. 3 (2023): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.58355/dirosat.v1i3.14.
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This study focuses at adjectivization and nominalization of derivational morphemes in Joko Widodo's speech. With derivational morphemes changing word meanings and classes, morphology indicates how languages have evolved. Adjectivization turns words into adjectives whereas nominalization converts non-nouns to nouns. These procedures enrich language, increasing the complexity of communication. Speeches are essential for expressing ideas and forming opinions. By examining Joko Widodo's speech, one can gain insight into morphological techniques used in formal situations. This study examines the functions of adjectivization and nominalization in communication using qualitative approaches and document analysis. Findings show that nominalization, which transforms verbs and adjectives into nouns, improves expression, while adjectivization highlights characteristics and features. Both methods help to communicate complex ideas and vivid descriptions. Future research can examine additional examples and circumstances, even if this study deepens our understanding of derivational morphemes in speech. Finally, Joko Widodo's speech serves as an example of how language may be flexible through nominalization and adjectivization. These processes highlight language's flexibility by enhancing meaning and increasing listener involvement. By using these methods, ideas and creativity are effectively communicated. Understanding how language modifies meaning through morphological changes is aided by the findings of this study.
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Qian, David D. "Demystifying Lexical Inferencing: The Role of Aspects of Vocabulary Knowledge." TESL Canada Journal 22, no. 2 (2005): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v22i2.86.
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This empirical study examines how English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners use their vocabulary knowledge for inferring meanings of unknown words in reading comprehension. The data, collected through interviews with young adult ESL students in Canadian universities, indicate that: (a) semantic and morphological aspects of vocabulary knowledge play an important role in learners' comprehension processes; (b) a positive relationship exists between certain aspects of learners' vocabulary knowledge and their lexical inferencing ability; and (c) in processing the meaning of unknown words, all learners looked for cues to meaning, but learners with varying depths of vocabulary knowledge tended to focus on varying strategies.
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Al-Shukri, Shyma. "English ‘Green’ and its Arabic Equivalent ‘Akhḏar’: Similar or Different?" International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 17, № 1 (2017): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.17.1.9.
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This lexical contrastive study aims at investigating the similarities and differences between the English color term "green" and its Arabic equivalent "akhḏar" in terms of: denotative meanings, connotative meanings, morphological specifications, inflections, derivations, compounding, metaphorical meanings and idiomatic uses. Data were collected from several monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, and electronic databases. The analysis revealed that the color terms "green" and "akhḏar" express similar meanings in addition to their common universal meaning as terms expressing a color between yellow and blue. However, despite the similarity, each lexical item expresses different meanings not expressed by its equivalent..
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Yulianawati, Ida, Indra Yoga Prawiro, and Natalia Anggrarini. "Undergraduate Students’ Morphological Awareness and Difficulties in EFL Class." ENGLISH FRANCA : Academic Journal of English Language and Education 7, no. 1 (2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/ef.v7i1.5785.
Full textAbstract:
Students' vocabulary knowledge is related to their morphological awareness, which plays an essential role in word comprehension and vocabulary development. This case study is aimed at describing undergraduate students’ morphological awareness and difficulties in morpheme identification and word relationship. This study employed the MAT test in two analytical tests. The Morpheme Identification Test is used to measure how well first-year college students can analyze and break down complicated words into their smaller meanings. Meanwhile, the Word Relation Test is administered to measure undergraduate students’ awareness of relations among base or root words and their inflected or derived forms. An interview was used to support the results of the tests. The result showed that the students performed better in breaking down inflected forms than those in derived forms. As in the Word Relation Test, it was discovered that the students had done better in identifying morphologically related word pairs. There were three types of difficulties in the morpheme identification test. The first was in breaking down complex words into smaller morphemes; the second was in stating the meaning of each smaller morpheme, especially affixes; and the third was in categorizing the complex words into inflected or derived forms.
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Jiang, Nan, Guiling Hu, Anna Chrabaszcz, and Lijuan Ye. "The activation of grammaticalized meaning in L2 processing: Toward an explanation of the morphological congruency effect." International Journal of Bilingualism 21, no. 1 (2016): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006915603823.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The study was intended to test the hypothesis that L2 speakers have difficulty in automatically activating a grammaticalized L2 meaning that is not morphologically marked in L1. Methodology: The study consisted of three experiments. A sentence–picture matching task was designed to assess the activation of grammaticalized meaning. The participants were asked to judge if a sentence correctly described the physical relationships of three objects in a picture. Hidden in the stimuli that required a positive response was a number agreement manipulation whereby a noun phrase in the sentence may agree or disagree with the number of objects in the picture. A number disagreement effect, as shown in a delay in producing a positive response on items of number disagreement was used to assess automatic activation of number meanings. Data and Analysis: The data constituted reaction times and accuracy rates from 32 English native speakers, 36 Chinese native speakers, 54 Chinese–English bilinguals, and 26 Russian–English bilinguals. Analyses of variance were performed in analyzing these data. Findings: The results showed a number disagreement effect in L1 and L2 among Russian English as a second language (ESL) speakers only. Chinese ESL speakers showed no difference between the two critical conditions in either language. A follow-up experiment showed that Chinese ESL speakers had no difficulty in automatically activating number meanings which were expressed lexically in English sentence processing. These findings provided support for the idea that the well documented difficulty L2 learners have in learning incongruent L2 inflectional morphemes may have to do with their difficulty in automatically activating a grammaticalized meaning that is not grammaticalized in their L1. Originality: The sentence–picture matching task represented a unique and effective approach to the study of the activation of grammaticalized meanings. Significance: The findings from the study represented some first psycholinguistic evidence regarding the activation of grammaticalized meanings among non-native speakers.