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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morphologie (Linguistik)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Yahaya, Moinaecha Cheikh. "L’onomastique comorienne: etude linguistique." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-98404.

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Dans cette etude nous nous sommes fixé commee objectif principal la recherche des morphèmes nominaux altérés dans la langue courante et qui se manifestent au niveau des noms propres surtout au niveau des composés. Ces éléments nous permettront de mieux comprendre le système morphologique du comorien et compléter une etude en cours sur la morphologie des nominaux. L’étude morphologique du nom propre sera complétée par une étude syntaxique des différents éléments qui le composent. Les indications socio-culturelles et socio-linguistiques étant très significatives, nous introduirons une approche thématique qui nous éclairera un peu sur ce sujet.
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2

Full, Wolfram. "Two past tenses in Comorian: morphological form and inherent meaning." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91542.

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Comorian is a Bantu language spoken on the Comoro Islands, a small archipelago between the East African coast and the northern tip of Madagascar. It is usually grouped within the Sabaki languages together with Swahili, Mwani, Elwana, Pokorno and Mijikenda (Nurse & Hinnebusch 1993: 4-19). Internally Comorian is divided into different dialects. In congruence with the four main islands, four dialects of Comorian are usually distinguished in the linguistic literature (Ahmed- Charnanga 1992:13; Nurse & Hinnebusch 1993: 18): Shingazija on the island of Ngazija (Grande Comore), Shimwali on Mwali (Moheli), Shinzwani on Nzwani (Anjouan) and Shimaore on Maore (Mayotte). These four dialects are arranged into two dialect groups (Shingazija/ Shimwali vs. Shinzwani/Shimaore) which are supposed to reflect peculiar linguistic similarities and differences. Although, in general, the greatest morphological differences between the Comorian dialects are within the TAM-markers, the past tense is morphologically quite homogeneous. Therefore dialectal differences do not play a dominant role for the subject of this paper. Two different past tense forms frequently used in everyday speech will be treated here: one morphological simple (one word) form and one compound (two word) form combining the auxiliary -ka (be) with the main verb. They will be discussed first from a formal point of view demonstrating the rules to create the morphosyntactical form. After this they are treated with regard to their semantic contents. The results presented here are based on a one year dialectological research on the Comoro Islands 1996-97. Interviews were made in 56 towns and villages on all four islands of the archipelago.
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3

Grey, Christina. "The Acquisition of Transitivity Alternations by Bilingual Children." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21393.

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In Griechisch werden Transitivitätsänderungen durch non-aktives Genus Verbi (Voice) ausgedrückt, was zu einer morphologischen Unterspezifikation führt. Grundsätzlich können passive und reflexive Verben im Griechischen (neben anderen Strukturen) mit derselben Form ausgedrückt werden. Oft ist der Kontext das einzige Mittel zur Disambiguierung. Diese Studie untersucht den Erwerb von Transitivitätsalternationen (transitivity alternations) bei griechischen monolingualen Kindern im Vergleich zu zwei zweisprachigen Populationen, nämlich griechisch-deutschen und griechisch-englischen Kindern im Alter zwischen 4 und 8 Jahren. Es wird untersucht, ob beim Erwerb der jeweiligen morphologischen Systeme die dominante Sprache, in diesem Fall Deutsch bzw. Englisch, mit der Erbsprache (Heritage- sprache) Griechisch interagiert. Englisch und Deutsch unterscheiden sich vom Griechischen, indem sie Reflexivität und Passivierung anders ausdrücken, und stellen deswegen ein in- teressantes Forschungsgebiet dar. In der Studie wurden 80 zweisprachige Kinder sowie 40 einsprachige Kinder untersucht. Sie sollten die folgenden “Spiele” absolvieren: Ren- frews (1998) expressive Vokabelaufgabe, angepasst an das Griechische von Vogindroukas (2009), sowie zwei experimentelle Aufgaben: eine Wahrheitsbewertungsaufgabe (truth-value judgement task) und eine Handlungsaufgabe (act-out task). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Passive Verben sind hingegen am schwierigsten zu verstehen und zu produzieren, sowohl für zweisprachige als auch für monolinguale griechische Kinder.
In Greek, transitivity alternations are expressed using the non-active voice resulting in a morphological underspecification. Essentially, passives and reflexives in Greek, among other structures, can be expressed using the same form; context is often the only means of disambiguation. This study investigates the acquisition of transitivity alternations in Greek comparing two bilingual populations namely, Greek-German and Greek-English bilinguals between the ages of 4 and 8. This study was motivated by the lack of research on the acquisition of transitivity alternations in bilingual populations. It examines whether the dominant language, in this case German and English respectively, interacts with the heritage language, Greek, as they both evolve morphologically. English and German differ from Greek in the way they express reflexivity and passivisation and posed an interesting area of research. 80 bilingual children as well as 40 monolingual children a baseline task: Renfrew’s (1998) Expressive Vocabulary Task adapted for Greek by Vogindroukas (2009) and two experimental tasks: a truth-value judgement task (TVJT) and an act-out task (AOT). The findings show that children across populations scored worst in passives thus replicating the results in previous literature.
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4

Fitschen, Arne. "Ein computerlinguistisches Lexikon als komplexes System /." Stuttgart : IMS, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013313345&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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5

Fredriksson, Christine. "Erwerbsphasen, Entwicklungssequenzen und Erwerbsreihenfolge : zum Erwerb der deutschen Verbalmorphologie durch schwedische Schülerinnen und Schüler /." Uppsala : Univ, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015069498&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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6

Rosenberg, Maria. "La formation agentive en français : les composés [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A et les dérivés V-ant, V-eur et V-oir(e) /." Stockholm : Départment de français, d'italien et de langues classiques, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7548.

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7

Ioannidis-Aykan, Suna. "Die Negation im heutigen Deutsch und ihre Entsprechungen im Türkeitürkischen und Neugriechischen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.

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8

Nay, Garrett K. "Areal Patterns of Possessive Morphology in the Languages of Eurasia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3780.

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The goal of this study is to confirm Eurasia as an independent linguistic area with respect to four features of possessive morphology: locus of marking, position of pronominal possessive affixes, obligatory possessive inflection, and possessive classification. Raw data on these features was taken from the WALS database and then run through an algorithm of genealogical stratification called g-sampling, in order to minimize the bias of the sample. The resulting g-units were then categorized by type and geographical area (New World vs. Old World, Eurasia vs. the rest of the world). These counts were tested for significance using Fisher's exact test. Two features, locus of marking and possessive classification, were confirmed to be significantly different in Eurasia; the other two features were not significantly different. Possible reasons for these areal patterns-primarily structural reasons-are briefly discussed.
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9

Leturgie, Arnaud. "L'amalgamation lexicale en français : approches lexicologique et morphologique : Vers une grammaire de l'amalgamation lexicale en français." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CERG0614.

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Les travaux portant sur l'amalgamation lexicale (ou « mot-valisation » pour reprendre une formulation de Fradin & al., 2009 : 36), ont permis d'établir une description assez précise du phénomène, tout en rendant compte des différentes structures morpho-phonologiques que peuvent revêtir les amalgames. Pourtant, aucune tentative d'élaboration de règles d'amalgamation n'a jusqu'alors été proposée en français. Cette thèse vise à évaluer la possibilité et les moyens d'élaborer un modèle de description systématique du procédé permettant la formulation de règles de construction des amalgames lexicaux en français. Cette approche recourt à la Théorie de l'optimalité pour envisager la production d'une grammaire des amalgames, à l'image des études précédemment conduites par Bat-El (1996), Piñeros (2004) ou Hong (2005)
Studies on lexical blending in French, have established a fairly accurate description of the phenomenon, while reflecting the different morpho-phonological structures of blends. However, no attempt at developing rules of blending has been proposed previously in French. This thesis aims at assessing the opportunity and the means to develop a model of systematic description of the process, in order to formulate rules for constructing lexical blends in French. Our approach uses Optimality Theory, among other theories, to identify a prototype of lexical blend and to consider the making of a grammar of blending, like previous studies conducted by Bat-El (1996), Piñeros (2004) and Hong (2005) have
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10

Hathout, Nabil. "Contributions à la description de la structure morphologique du lexique et à l'approche extensive en morphologie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449159.

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Les recherches présentées dans mon mémoire d'habilitation relèvent de la morphologie informatique et descriptive. Elles ont pour finalité première la description de la structure morphologique du lexique et sont centrées sur l'analogie et sur l'acquisition de connaissances morphologiques à partir de lexiques et de dictionnaires. Plusieurs analyseurs morphologiques ont été développés. Le premier, DéCor (dérivations pour les corpus), l'a été dans le cadre du projet MorTAL (analyseur morphologique pour le traitement automatique de la langue). Il exploite les analogies formelles pour contruire un réseau dérivationnel dans lequel il recherche les bases des mots dérivés. J'ai ensuite affiné cette méthode en utilisant des informations sémantiques contenues dans des dictionnaires de synonymes. Un deuxième analyseur a ainsi été développé pour acquérir des relations dérivationnelles à partir de quadruplets analogiques particuliers, dérivationnels dans l'une de leurs dimensions et synonymiques dans l'autre. Dans un troisième développement, j'ai proposé un nouveau paradigme d'analyse morphologique permettant de se passer totalement de découpage « morceaulogique » et j'ai redéfini la tâche d'analyse morphologique qui devient une analyse globale du lexique et non plus une analyse de mots isolés. L'analyse consiste à découvrir les différents paradigmes qui structurent le lexique et les analogies qui permettent de les interconnecter puis à caractériser les mots construits par leurs positions dans le maillage défini par ces paradigmes interconnectés. Mon deuxième axe de recherche est la morphologie extensive, pratique qui consiste à appuyer les descriptions des phénomènes sur des corpus d'exemples aussi étendus que possible. Ma contribution à cette approche a été multiple : développement de la boîte à outil Webaffix (en collaboration avec Ludovic Tanguy), publication d'articles de synthèse, illustration de la méthode par l'étude de la suffixation en -able et de la préfixation en anti-, et rédaction de Perl pour les linguistes (co-écrit avec Ludovic Tanguy), un ouvrage destiné aux linguistes qui souhaitent exploiter des données langagières et notamment construire les corpus d'exemples dont ils ont besoin. Dans la deuxième chapitre du mémoire, je présente un modèle théorique de la morphologie dérivationnelle. Ce modèle, lexématique, comporte quatre niveaux de représentation : sémantique, formel, catégoriel et lexical. Le niveau lexical supporte l'organisation morphologique du lexique. L'objectif de la morphologie est de trouver les correspondances les meilleures possibles entre ces quatre niveaux. Ces correspondances sont soumises à un système de contraintes permettant de sélectionner celles qui offrent la coïncidence optimale entre sens, positions lexicales, formes et catégories. Je présente ensuite huit catégories de paradigmes qui structurent le niveau lexical : les familles et les séries qui peuvent être flexionnelles ou dérivationnelles et morphologiques ou lexicales. Les paradigmes lexicaux sont des extensions des paradigmes morphologiques qui y incluent les supplétions. J'aborde ensuite dans le troisième chapitre du mémoire les aspects informatiques de mon travail. J'y décris les grandes lignes du nouveau paradigme d'analyse morphologique automatique que je propose. Ce paradigme associe proximité morphologique et analogie formelle pour calculer les relations dérivationnelles. Ce calcul est réalisé sans aucun découpage et sans recourir aux notions de morphème, d'affixe ou d'exposant morphologique. Selon la mesure de proximité morphologique que j'ai définie, deux mots sont d'autant plus proches qu'ils partagent un grand nombre de traits sémantiques et formels et que ces traits sont spécifiques. Cette mesure est calculée en utilisant un algorithme de marche aléatoire dans un bigraphe dont une partie des sommets représente les lexèmes et l'autre leurs propriétés. La mesure de proximité morphologique permet de calculer facilement des voisinages pour un grand nombre de mots, mais elle n'est pas suffisamment fine pour discriminer entre les mots qui sont effectivement apparentés et ceux qui ne le sont pas. Je propose donc de la compléter par la recherche de quadruplets analogiques en exploitant les voisinages morphologiques. Cette seconde technique permet de filtrer finement les voisins mais elle est coûteuse en temps de calcul. Le quatrième chapitre du mémoire est consacré à la description de la préfixation en anti-. J'y expose les principales difficultés posées par cette préfixation. La première concerne sa nature catégorielle. Anti- est-il un préfixe ou une préposition ? Cette question découle notamment de la grande variété des séquences qui apparaissent derrière anti-. L'analyse que je défends est que anti- est avant tout un préfixe, même s'il peut marginalement être utilisé comme une préposition. Je présente quelques exemples comme antitriste, anti-obèse ou antimordre qui remettent en cause plusieurs des analyses antérieures de cette préfixation. La seconde question concerne l'existence de plusieurs séries distinctes de dérivés en anti-. Je propose de les analyser au moyen de deux critères : (1) l'alternance de l'interprétation endocentrique vs exocentrique ; (2) trois modes d'interprétation, spatial, logique et adversatif. Je montre que ces deux critères ne sont pas corrélés et je présente des exemplaires pour cinq des six configurations possibles, notamment des dérivés qui ont un sens spatial exocentrique comme antisolaire et des dérivés dont l'interprétation est adversative endocentrique comme antidésherbant. La troisième question concerne les dérivés dit parasynthétiques dont je propose une analyse en termes d'emprunt de radicaux. La forme d'un dérivé pourrait en effet être créée en empruntant le radical d'un voisin morphologique lorsque cela permet une meilleure satisfaction de certaines des contraintes qui portent sur la dérivation et notamment de la contrainte de transparence catégorielle.
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11

Blaszczak, Joanna, Stefanie Dipper, Gisbert Fanselow, Shinishiro Ishihara, Svetlana Petrova, Stavros Skopeteas, Thomas Weskott, and Malte Zimmermann. "Morphology." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2224/.

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The guidelines for morphological annotation contain the layers that are necessary for understanding the structure of the words in the object language: morphological segmentation, glossing, and annotation of part-of-speech.
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12

Bandelow, Stephen. "Connectionist, behavioural and cross-linguistic studies in inflectional morphology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400061.

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13

Ciucci, Luca. "Inflectional Morphology in the Zamucoan Languages." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86024.

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14

Kearsley, Logan R. "A Hybrid Approach to Cross-Linguistic Tokenization: Morphology with Statistics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5984.

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Tokenization, or word boundary detection, is a critical first step for most NLP applications. This is often given little attention in English and other languages which use explicit spaces between written words, but standard orthographies for many languages lack explicit markers. Tokenization systems for such languages are usually engineered on an individual basis, with little re-use. The human ability to decode any written language, however, suggests that a general algorithm exists.This thesis presents simple morphologically-based and statistical methods for identifying word boundaries in multiple languages. Statistical methods tend to over-predict, while lexical and morphological methods fail when encountering unknown words. I demonstrate that a generic hybrid approach to tokenization using both morphological and statistical information generalizes well across multiple languages and improves performance over morphological or statistical methods alone, and show that it can be used for efficient tokenization of English, Korean, and Arabic.
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15

Trommer, Jochen. "Distributed optimality." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2004/0037/trommer.pdf.

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16

Smith, Benjamin C. "Compounding and Incorporation in the Ket Language: Implications for a More Unified Theory of Compounding." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/1.

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Compounding in the world’s languages is a complex word-­‐formation process that is not easily accounted for. Moreover, incorporation is equally complex and problematic. This examination of compounding and incorporation in the Ket language seeks to identify the underlying logic of these processes and to work towards a typology that captures generalizations among the numerous ways in which languages expand their lexicons through these processes. Canonical Typology provides a framework that does just this. A preliminary canonical typology of compounds is proposed here, one that subsumes a range of compounds as well as incorporation. For this reason, the Ket language, which relies heavily on compounding and incorporation, will be used as a test case. The aim is to define the canonical com
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17

Al-Ghamidi, Abdulazeez Said Ahmad. "Linguistic effects of phonology in the acquisition of the L2 morphology." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386971.

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18

Kehayia, Evanthia. "Morphological deficits in agrammatic aphasia : a comparative linguistic study." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39226.

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In this thesis, a comparative linguistic investigation of morphological deficits in two English-speaking and two Greek-speaking agrammatic aphasic patients is presented. Adopting the Strong Lexicalist Hypothesis, the study focuses on the subjects' ability to repeat, comprehend and produce nominal and verbal inflections. The hypotheses investigated concern the effects of language-specific features in agrammatic performance and the role of morphological principles in the two languages. Finally the implications of the data for linguistic theory are investigated.
The data show that language-specific features are crucial in determining aphasic performance. Principles of well-formedness of lexical items appear to remain unaffected. Morphological deficits are found to manifest themselves at different levels: the lexical and the postlexical. A Storage Hypothesis which reflects the word structure of complex lexical items in the brain is proposed. Finally, it is proposed that only through a Strong Lexicalist framework can one achieve uniform interpretations of morphological deficits in aphasia.
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19

Cole, Jennifer Sandra. "Planar phonology and morphology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14637.

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20

Pirrelli, Vito. "Morphology, analogy and machine translation." Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238781.

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21

Hardymon, Nathan. "THE SHAWNEE ALIGNMENT SYSTEM: APPLYING PARADIGM FUNCTION MORPHOLOGY TO LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR'S M-STRUCTURE." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/8.

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Shawnee is a language whose alignment system is of the type first proposed by Nichols (1992) and Siewierska (1998): hierarchical alignment. This alignment system was proposed to account for languages where distinctions between agent (A) and object (O) are not formally manifested. Such is the case in Shawnee; there are person-marking inflections on the verb for both A and O, but there is not set order. Instead, Shawnee makes reference to an animacy hierarchy and is an inverse system. This thesis explores how hierarchical alignment is accounted for by Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), and also applies Paradigm Function Morphology to LFG’s m(orphological)-structure as most of the alignment system in Shawnee is realized in the inflectional morphology.
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22

Hale, Rebecca O. "POSITION CLASS PRECLUSION: A COMPUTATIONAL RESOLUTION OF MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE AFFIX POSITIONS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/3.

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In Paradigm Function Morphology, it is usual to model affix position classes with an ordered sequence of inflectional rule blocks. Each rule block determines how (or whether) a particular affix position is filled. In this model, competition among inflectional rules is assumed to be limited to members of the same rule block; thus, the appearance of an affix in one position cannot be precluded by the appearance of an affix in another position. I present evidence that apparently disconfirms this restriction and suggests that a more general conception of rule competition is necessary. The data appear to imply that an affixation rule may in some cases override a rule introducing an affix occupying another, distinct position. I propose that each inflectional rule R carry two indices — the first, as usual, specifying the position of the affix introduced by R. The second, however, specifies the position(s) that R satisfies. By default, these two indices identify the same position. However, where one affix precludes another, the second index of the appearing affix specifies two affix positions: the one in which it appears and the one which it precludes. With both blocks satisfied, no other rules which fill either may be applied.
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23

Guerrero, Aurélie. "Analyse thématique de la flexion en catalan central standard." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20010/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la flexion des verbes, des noms et des adjectifs du catalan central standard. Elle s’inscrit dans une approche inférentielle et réalisationnelle de la morphologie (cf. Stump 2001) et applique une analyse thématique aux paradigmes examinés (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). Trois problématiques de la flexion en catalan sont abordées. La première concerne la tendance à réduire, via des règles phonologiques, l’inventaire du matériel mémorisé dans le lexique. La considération d’un nombre important de données montre que certaines analyses sont basées sur des représentations sous-jacentes qui n’apparaissent pas toujours en surface et que certains processus phonologiques postulés ne sont pas systématiques. La seconde problématique renvoie à la répartition des verbes en classes flexionnelles et à leur distinction en réguliers et irréguliers. L’analyse proposée s’oppose aux travaux antérieurs au sens où la répartition en classes émerge des différentes configurations induites par les formes fléchies elles-mêmes et la régularité d’un lexème est déterminée à partir d’un ensemble de relations implicatives par défaut. La troisième problématique concerne l’expression du genre dans la flexion nominale et adjectivale (y compris dans les formes du participe passé des verbes). Dans ce travail, les séquences finales des nominaux sont dissociées de l’expression du genre. Elles sont considérées comme des éléments du thème et participent à définir, en association avec les variations thématiques non prédictibles, un ensemble de classes flexionnelles qui s’éloigne de celui proposé dans les travaux antérieurs
The purpose of this Ph.D. is to study verbal, nominal and adjectival inflection in standard central Catalan. It entails an inferential and realizational approach to morphology (cf. Stump 2001) and applies a thematic analysis to the discussed paradigms (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). Three issues of Catalan inflexion are addressed. The first concerns the tendency to reduce, from phonological rules, the material inventory stored in the lexicon. Taking into account a large amount of data demonstrates that some analyses are based on underlying representations that do not always appear at the surface level and that some of the postulated phonological processes are not systematic. The second issue refers to verbs division into inflectional classes and to regular and irregular distinction. The analysis we propose is opposed to previous works in that classes division merges from the different configurations induced by inflectional forms themselves and that regularity is determined from a set of default implicative relations. The third issue concerns gender expression in nominal and adjectival inflection (including in the past participle forms of verbs). In this research work, final nominal sequences are dissociated from gender expression. They are considered as stem elements and contribute to define, in association with unpredictable stem variations, a set of inflectional classes deviating from the one proposed in previous works
L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és l’estudi de la flexió dels verbs, dels noms i dels adjectius en català central estàndard. Segueix una concepció inferencial i realitzacional de la morfologia (cf. Stump 2001) i aplica una anàlisi temàtica als paradigmes estudiats (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). En aquest model, l’expressió de les propietats morfosintàctiques, considerades com l’aplicació d’operacions fonològiques a un lexema, són parcialment independents de les unitats que les realitzen. Aquest treball es focalitza principalment en tres problemàtiques fonamentals de la flexió verbal i nominal del català : (1) la tendència a reduir la informació memoritzada a partir de regles fonològiques, (2) el repartiment dels verbs en classes flexionals i (3) l’expressió del gènere dins la flexió nominal i adjectival. La primera problemàtica concerneix la tendència a reduir, mitjançant regles fonològiques, l’inventari del material fonològic i morfològic que cal memoritzar en català. Aquest tipus d’enfocament implica, en alguns treballs precedents, basar les anàlisis sobre representacions subjacents que mai no aparareixen al nivell superficial i postular processos fonològics que no tenen la regularitat esperada. La segona problemàtica abordada és la relativa al repartiment dels verbs en classes de flexió i a la distinció entre verbs regulars i irregulars. Tradicionalment, els verbs del català estan organitzats en tres classes flexionals, dues de les quals estan subdividides. En les anàlisis que no parteixen d’un criteri ortogràfic, aquesta tripartició es basa en la presència d’elements segmentals dins de les formes flexionals. El punt de desacord es troba principalment en el repartiment en subclasses i la identificació dels verbs irregulars de la classe II, que són diferents segons els autors (cf. Mascaró 1983 ; Viaplana 1986). D’acord amb la perspectiva que adopto, l’organització en classes flexionals sorgeix de les diferents configuracions que emergeixen de les formes flexionals. Un lexema regular correspon a un lexema el paradigma del qual es pot deduir completament a partir d’una forma i un conjunt de relacions implicatives per defecte. Com a conseqüència, el repartiment que proposo s’oposa als que ofereixen les gramàtiques tradicionals i els treballs més recents.La tercera problemàtica discutida en aquesta tesi es refereix a l’expressió del gènere dels noms i dels adjectius, incloses les formes del participi dels verbs. Tradicionalment, algunes seqüències finals dels nominals s’han analitzat com a marques de gènere o bé com a marcadores de classes flexionals. Tanmateix, els criteris definits per identificar-les són problemàtics. A més, les seqüències finals no permeten inferir de manera determinista el gènere o la classe d’un nominal. Segons l’anàlisi proposada en aquesta tesi, aquestes seqüències estan dissociades de l’expressió del gènere. Són elements que formen part del tema i que, juntament amb les variacions temàtiques que no són predictibles, permeten establir un conjunt de classes flexionals que s’allunya dels tractaments oferts en els treballs precedents
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Higgins, Ewa Czaykowska. "Investigations into Polish morphology and phonology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14450.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1989.
Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, February, 1989: The interaction of phonology and morphology in Polish.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-291).
by Ewa Czaykowska Higgins.
Ph.D.
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25

Fullwood, Michelle Alison. "Biases in segmenting non-concatenative morphology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120676.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 131-140).
Segmentation of words containing non-concatenative morphology into their component morphemes, such as Arabic /kita:b/ 'book' into root [check symbol]ktb and vocalism /i-a:/ (McCarthy, 1979, 1981), is a difficult task due to the size of its search space of possibilities, which grows exponentially as word length increases, versus the linear growth that accompanies concatenative morphology. In this dissertation, I investigate via computational and typological simulations, as well as an artificial grammar experiment, the task of morphological segmentation in root-and-pattern languages, as well as the consequences for majority-concatenative languages such as English when we do not presuppose concatenative segmentation and its smaller hypothesis space. In particular, I examine the necessity and sufficiency conditions of three biases that may be hypothesised to govern the learning of such a segmentation: a bias towards a parsimonious morpheme lexicon with a power-law (Zipfian) distribution over tokens drawn from this lexicon, as has successfully been used in Bayesian models of word segmentation and morphological segmentation of concatenative languages (Goldwater et al., 2009; Poon et al., 2009, et seq.); a bias towards concatenativity; and a bias against interleaving morphemes that are mixtures of consonants and vowels. I demonstrate that while computationally, the parsimony bias is sufficient to segment Arabic verbal stems into roots and residues, typological considerations argue for the existence of biases towards concatenativity and towards separating consonants and vowels in root-and-pattern-style morphology. Further evidence for these as synchronic biases comes from the artificial grammar experiment, which demonstrates that languages respecting these biases have a small but significant learnability advantage.
by Michelle Alison Fullwood.
Ph. D. in Linguistics
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26

Kelly, Justin Robert. "The syntax-semantics interface in distributed morphology." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3559577.

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Distributed Morphology (DM; Halle & Marantz 1993; Marantz 1997) is founded on the premise that the syntax is the only computational component of the grammar. Much research focuses on how this premise is relevant to the syntax-morphology interface in DM. In this dissertation, I examine theory-internal issues related to the syntax-semantics interface in DM. I also I propose an account of the Encyclopedia, where meaning is stored in the semantic component of the grammar, since a clear model is generally absent from DM literature.

Much of this dissertation is based on the Strong DM Hypothesis (SDMH; Embick & Noyer 2007), the idea that roots lack syntactico-semantic features. However, a corollary of the SDMH is necessary but generally ignored: a root cannot take an argument directly. The SDMH has repercussions for the syntax and compositional semantics in DM, so I propose models for both that are compatible with the SDMH. By defining the syntax of lexical categories, based on Hale & Keyser (2002) and Baker (2003), I extend the syntax to present an inventory of functional heads in DM. Utilizing a semantics based on Kratzer (1996), I define a formal semantic model for DM, and show how it interprets the syntax. I then present an approach to causation based on Kratzer (2004) and Pylkkänen (2008), providing an overt syntax and semantics for a variety of causative structures in English; zero and analytic causatives, and prepositional and adjectival resultatives. This approach to causation is applied to an analysis of other argument-structure phenomena in English, as well as in Italian and Japanese, showing how these phenomena are accounted for within this model of DM. However, cases remain where argument-structure phenomena cannot be resolved in the syntax alone, so I present an approach to the Encyclopedia with Hopper & Thompson's (1980) typology of transitivity as a starting point, and show how it can account for such cases.

By further specifying the nature of the syntax in DM and integrating this with a broader semantic model encompassing both compositional semantics and the Encyclopedia, this dissertation contributes to our overall understanding of the DM framework.

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Alharbi, Abdallah. "A syntactic approach to Arab verbal morphology." Thesis, University of Essex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277907.

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Parker, Jeffrey. "Inflectional Complexity and Cognitive Processing: An Experimental and Corpus-based Investigation of Russian Nouns." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467904555.

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Abu, Hammad Omar. "Prosodic Morphology : Gender in Arabic Perfect Active and Passive 3rd Person Singular Verbs." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2873.

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Prosodic /template Morphology, that "draws heavily on the theoretical apparatus and formalisms of the generative phonology model known as autosegmental phonology" (Katamba, F. 1993: 154), is the best analysis that can handle Arabic morphology. Verbs in Arabic are represented on three independent tiers: root tier, the skeletal tier and the vocalic melody tier (Katamba, F. 1993). Vowel morphemes, which are represented by diacritics, are inserted within the consonant morphemes, which are represented by primary symbols, to form words. The morpheme tier hypothesis paves the way to understand the nonconcatenative Arabic morphology. This paper analyzes gender in perfect active and passive 3rd person singular verbs on the basis of PM. The focus of the analysis shall be drawn heavily on the most common Arabic verbs; triconsonantal verbs, with brief introduction of the less common verbs; quadriconsonantal perfect active and passive masculine and feminine 3rd person singular verbs. I shall, too, cast the light on some vowel changes that some verbs undergo when voice changes.
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Jacques, Guillaume. "Phonologie et Morphologie du Japhug (rGyalrong)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138568.

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Cette thèse traite de la phonologie et de la morphologie verbale du japhug,
une langue sino-tibétaine de la sous-famille rgyalrong, parlée dans le
district de rNga-ba dans la province du Sichuan, en Chine. Ce travail
comporte une partie de phonologie synchronique descriptive, où la structure
de la syllabe est analysée en détail sur la base des alternances
morphophonologiques. Ensuite, il inclut une étude de phonologie
diachronique, où nous proposons un ensemble de critères pour distinguer les
emprunts au tibétain des mots hérités du proto-sino-tibétain en japhug et
en tibétain, et où nous mettons en évidence certains changements
phonétiques propres au japhug sur la base de la comparaison avec d'autres
langues de la sous-famille rgyalrong. Enfin, notre thèse traite de la
morphologie verbale, aussi bien la morphologie flexionnelle, la morphologie
dérivationnelle et la formation des mots déverbaux. Les langues de la
sous-famille rgyalrong sont d'un archaïsme remarquable, aussi bien du point
de vue phonologique que morphologique. Elle conservent nombre de
caractéristiques de la proto-langue qu'on ne retrouve que sous forme de
traces en tibétain ou en chinois. En dépit de l'intérêt particulier de ces
langues pour la grammaire comparée du sino-tibétain, elles sont restées
relativement mal décrites. Ce travail est la première monographie consacrée
à la langue japhug.
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Randoja, Tiina Kathryn. "The phonology and morphology of Halfway River Beaver." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5749.

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This dissertation is an examination of word formation and the phonological properties of the verb in Halfway River Beaver (HRB), a Northern Athapaskan language of British Columbia. Due to various types of discontinuous dependencies between verb prefixes, I adopt the traditional analysis of the Athapaskan verb into verb theme, verb base, and verb form (Sapir and Hoijer 1967, among others) to determine the sequence of affixation in the morphology. The resulting representation structures prefixes in a way which is vastly different from their surface ordering; the differences seem bizarre, as they are not encountered in non-Athapaskan languages. I propose a mapping protocol to arrive at the correct surface sequence, whereby affixes are inserted into a thematic template. It is argued that this template is a motivated structure, because it represents both the theme, which is the lexical entry of the verb, and the division of the verb into phonological rule domains. Two aspects of verb prefix phonology are considered. First, I account for the phonological similarity of two nonadjacent rule domains of the surface verb, the disjunct and the stem domains, in terms of the mapping protocol developed earlier. Secondly, I investigate the very complex and seemingly arbitrary phonological alternations undergone by prefixes in the conjunct domain, which intervenes between the disjunct and stem domains. These alternations are shown to be systematic in an analysis which adopts the notions of syllable template mapping and extraprosodicity. Conjunct prefix vowels are considered to be mostly epenthetic and vowel quality is seen to be largely predictable. The morphological and phonological analyses are preceded by a chapter which describes the properties of HRB verb prefixes in detail.
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Newell, Heather. "Aspects of the morphology and phonology of phases." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32399.

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This thesis offers evidence that phases (Chomsky 1995) induce word-internal cycles of morphological and phonological interpretation. Phases proposed in the syntactic literature are shown to have effects word-internally, therefore supporting a representational theory of morpho-phonology (e.g. Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1994)). It is argued that phases exist at the nP, aP, vP, vP, DP, and CP syntactic levels. These phases are shown to have differing behaviour with regards to the domain which is sent to PF upon merger of the phase head. DP, CP, and vP are argued to be complement spellout phases following Nissenbaum (2000). nP, aP, and vP, however, offer evidence that the head of a phase is interpreted at PF with its complement. A possible motivation for this difference in interpretation domain is discussed. It is in derivations where syntactic material spans one (or more) of these boundaries that cyclic domains may be found within words at PF. Phonological and morpho-syntactic patterns induced by wordinternal phases are investigated. Main stress patterns in Cupeño, Turkish, and Ojibwa are analysed. Turkish and Cupeño seemingly irregular main stress patterns are argued to be regular at the phase level. Main stress is assigned in these languages at the interpretation of the first phase. In other words, main stress is cyclic and immovable in these languages. Ojibwa main stress assignment is then shown to be insensitive to word-internal phase boundaries. Word internal phases are present in Ojibwa, as demonstrated by hiatus resolution strategies and footing patterns in the language (Piggott & Newell 2007). Main stress is assigned to the word, regardless of
Cette thèse présente des données qui montrent que les phases (Chomsky 1995) provoquent des cycles d'interprétation morphologique et phonologique internes au mot. Les phases proposées dans la littérature syntaxique ont des effets internes aux mots, représentant ainsi une théorie morpho-phonologique (c.à.d. une morphologie distribuée (Halle & Marantz 1994)). On propose que les syntagmes existent aux niveaux syntaxiques nP, aP, vP, DP, et CP. Il est démontré que ces syntagmes se comportent différemment selon le domaine envoyé à PF au cours de la fusion du syntagme de tête. On montre que DP, CP, et vP sont des syntagmes compléments spellout d'après Nissenbaum (2000). Cependant, nP, aP, et vP montrent que la tête d'un syntagme est interprétée avec son complément à PF. Une raison possible de cette différence dans le domaine d'interprétation est proposée. C'est dans les dérivations où le matériel syntaxique s'étend sur une (ou plusieurs) de ces frontières que l'on peut trouver des domaines cycliques internes aux mots à PF. Les structures phonologiques et morpho-syntactiques provoquées par les syntagmes internes aux mots sont explorées. Les structures relatives au stress majeur en cupeño, turc, et ojibwa sont analysées. Il est proposé que les structures de stress majeur apparemment irrégulières en turc et en cupeño sont régulières au niveau du syntagme. Dans ces langues, le stress majeur est assigné au niveau de l'interprétation du premier syntagme. Autrement dit, dans ces langues le stress majeur est cyclique et fixe. On montre ensuite que l'assignement du stress majeur en ojibwa est insensible aux frontières des syntagmes internes
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33

Reid, Agnieszka. "The combinatorial lexicon : psycholinguistic studies of Polish morphology." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246900.

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The goal of this thesis is to add a typologically distinct data point to the investigation of access and representation of words in the mental lexicon, which until recently has been biased towards English. We concentrated on Polish, which contrasts with English in the richness of its inflectional and derivational morphology and its morpho-phonological alternations. Using immediate cross-modal and delayed auditory-auditory priming, parallel issues to those examined in English are investigated, as well as questions which cannot be addressed in English, because of differences in morphological properties. Four main findings are reported. First, the representation of morphologically complex Polish words is combinatorial, similar to English; This is supported by: (a) robust priming for items which share the same stem; (b) affix priming for morphologically complex items; (c) suffix-suffix interference for items competing for the same stem; Second, the results on Polish highly and moderately semantically transparent compounds suggest that the former may be represented in a combinatorial format and the latter as full forms. This contrasts with English where both types of compound are claimed to be stored as full forms. Third, initial investigations of the role of semantic transparency in determining how morphologically complex words are represented, suggest that transparent items are stored decompositionally whereas opaque items are stored as full forms. This conforms to the English findings, but contrasts with Semitic languages. Further investigations indicate that semantic compositionality may be more important that transparency, although more research is needed here. Finally, the results suggest that phonological alternants of the same stem, whether regular or irregular, are stored in a single lexical entry, and, in the auditory modality, map directly onto the same abstract underlying representation. Overall the results support the claim that the Polish lexicon IS organised morphemically in a combinatorial, phonologically abstract format
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34

Bouhadiba, F. A. N. "Aspects of Algerian Arabic verb phonology and morphology." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383612.

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35

Al-Sulaiti, Latifa Mubarak. "Some apects of Qatari Arabic phonology and morphology." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239834.

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36

Drake, Shiloh Nicole. "L1 Biases in Learning Root-and-Pattern Morphology." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10932694.

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This dissertation addresses the question of whether non-adjacent morphological dependencies are as difficult to learn as non-adjacent phonological dependencies. Non-adjacent dependencies have been investigated in the past, and have proven to be at best difficult to learn (Bonatti, Peña, Nespor, & Mehler, 2005; Gómez, 2002; LaCross, 2011, 2015; Newport & Aslin, 2004), and at worst, completely unlearnable (Newport & Aslin, 2004: experiment 1). LaCross (2011, 2015) showed that speakers of a language employing non-adjacent dependencies were able to learn an artificial grammar employing analogous non-adjacent dependencies easily, suggesting there may be a linguistic bias that makes speakers more aware or capable of unconsciously parsing non-adjacent dependencies so long as they speak a language that employs vowel harmony.

The research in this dissertation studies three subject populations with two tasks and two grammars to discover whether speakers of a language utilizing root-and-pattern morphology also have the ability to unconsciously parse non-adjacent dependencies predicated on morphological structure. Chapter 2 uses a segmentation or statistical learning task similar to the experiments mentioned above, while Chapter 3 uses a word elicitation task to establish a more fine-grained representation of what experiment participants learn after a very short exposure. The experiments show that there may be a cognitive bias toward concatenative morphology even among Arabic and Maltese speakers, but also that Arabic and Maltese speakers are willing to adjust CV skeleta and syllabic structure when deriving plural forms from singular forms. The methods that they use when producing novel plural forms are similar to those found in their L1, showing that this type of bias is predicated on morphophonological structure in the participants’ L1.

The results together support a root-based lexicon for Arabic and Maltese and aggressive morphological decomposition (Boudelaa & Marslen-Wilson, 2001, 2004a, 2004b, 2015; Deutsch, Frost, & Forster, 1998; Frost, Deutsch, & Forster, 2000; Frost, Forster, & Deutsch, 1997; Ussishkin, Dawson, Wedel, & Schluter, 2015) even in novel words. Additionally, this work supports the notion of morphological abstraction, abstract grammatical features (such as past or plural) may be expressed by multiple allomorphs, particularly in the context of learning a new language. I extend this work to suggest that a processing model of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz, 1993; Harley & Noyer, 1999; inter alia) would be appropriate both to model the results here and to better explain morphological processing disorders. Although Distributed Morphology has not been extensively tested as a processing model, recent research shows compatibility with existing psycholinguistic models (Gwilliams & Marantz, 2015; Stockall & Marantz, 2006) and has better explanatory power for deficits in morphological processing (Tat, 2013).

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Cahill, Lynne Julie. "Syllable-based morphology for natural language processing." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386529.

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This thesis addresses the problem of accounting for morphological alternation within Natural Language Processing. It proposes an approach to morphology which is based on phonological concepts, in particular the syllable, in contrast to morpheme-based approaches which have standardly been used by both NLP and linguistics. It is argued that morpheme-based approaches, within both linguistics and NLP, grew out of the apparently purely affixational morphology of European languages, and especially English, but are less appropriate for non-affixational languages such as Arabic. Indeed, it is claimed that even accounts of those European languages miss important linguistic generalizations by ignoring more phonologically based alternations, such as umlaut in German and ablaut in English. To justify this approach, we present a wide range of data from languages as diverse as German and Rotuman. A formal language, MOLUSe, is described, which allows for the definition of declarative mappings between syllable-sequences, and accounts of non-trivial fragments of the inflectional morphology of English, Arabic and Sanskrit are presented, to demonstrate the capabilities of the language. A semantics for the language is defined, and the implementation of an interpreter is described. The thesis discusses theoretical (linguistic) issues, as well as implementational issues involved in the incorporation of MOLUSC into a larger lexicon system. The approach is contrasted with previous work in computational morphology, in particular finite-state morphology, and its relation to other work in the fields of morphology and phonology is also discussed.
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Mathur, Gaurav 1972. "The morphology-phonology interface in signed languages." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8843.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-202).
This thesis provides a novel way of looking at verb agreement in signed languages by using an interaction of several processes within the Distributed Morphology framework. At the center of the model is a phonological re-adjustment rule, ALIGN-Sphere, which handles various forms of agreement, including orientation change, path movement, hand order, and/ or a combination of these. Further evidence is taken from cross-linguistic data from American Sign Language, German Sign Language, Australian Sign Language, and Japanese Sign Language, as well as from interaction with several other morphemes. An Optimality-Theoretic analysis is sketched in which the output of the ALIGN-Sphere process is filtered by various phonetic constraints and may be replaced by an alternative form that does not otherwise violate phonetic constraints. The model outlined above leads to a new typology of signs: first there are spatial verbs, followed by plain verbs which do not have two animate arguments, followed by aligning verbs which by definition have two animate arguments. These aligning verbs contain a subset of verbs that are in theory capable of undergoing ALIGN-Sphere without violating phonetic constraints. This subset in turn contains another subset of verbs that are listed as actually undergoing ALIGN-Sphere in a particular language. The model rests on the assumption that the referential use of space lies outside of the grammar. By removing the referential space from the grammar removes the modality difference between spoken and signed languages with respect to 'agreement.' The remaining differences will lie in how agreement is implemented, but that is no longer a modality difference. Both spoken and signed languages make use of different processes within the morphology component to generate the agreement system (e.g. impoverishment, vocabulary insertion, and phonological re-adjustment rules), but otherwise they draw on the same set of processes made available by the grammar.
by Gaurav Mathur.
Ph.D.
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39

Bonet, i. Alsina M. Eulàlia. "Morphology after syntax--pronominal clitics in romance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13534.

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40

Hoffman, Mika Christine. "The syntax of argument-structure-changing morphology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13519.

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Kann, Katharina [Verfasser], and Hinrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Schütze. "Neural sequence-to-sequence models for low-resource morphology / Katharina Kann ; Betreuer: Hinrich Schütze." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192663276/34.

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42

Saldana, Carmen Catalina. "Simplifying linguistic complexity : culture and cognition in language evolution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31395.

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Languages are culturally transmitted through a repeated cycle of learning and communicative interaction. These two aspects of cultural transmission impose (at least) three interacting pressures that can shape the evolution of linguistic structure: a pressure for learnability, a pressure for expressivity, and a pressure for coordination amongst users in a linguistic community. This thesis considers how these sometimes competing pressures impact linguistic complexity across cultural time. Using artificial language and iterated learning experimental paradigms, I investigate the conditions under which complexity in morphological and syntactic systems emerges, spreads, and reduces. These experiments illustrate the interaction of transmission, learning and use in hitherto understudied domains - morphosyntax and word order. In a first study (Chapter 2), I report the first iterated learning experiments to investigate the evolution of complexity in compositional structure at the word and sentence level. I demonstrate that a complex meaning space paired with pressures for learnability and communication can result in compositional hierarchical constituent structure, including fixed combinatorial rules of word formation and word order. This structure grants a productive and productively interpretable language and only requires learners to acquire a finite lexicon and a finite set of combinatorial rules (i.e., a grammar). In Chapter 3, I address the unique effect of communicative interaction on linguistic complexity, by removing language learning completely. Speakers use their native language to express novel meanings either in isolation or during communicative interaction. I demonstrate that even in this case, communicative interaction leads to more efficient and overall simpler linguistic systems. These first two studies provide support for the claim that morphological and syntactic complexity are shaped by an overarching drive towards simplicity (or learnability) in language learning and communication. Chapter 4 reports a series of experiments assessing the possibility that the simplicity bias found in the first two studies operates at a different strength depending on the linguistic level. Studies in natural language learning and in pidgin/creole genesis suggest that while morphological variation seems to be highly susceptible to regularisation, variation in other syntactic features, like word order, appears more likely to be reproduced. I test this experimentally by comparing regularisation of unconditioned variation across morphology and word order in the context of artificial language learning. I show that language users in fact regularise unconditioned variation in a similar way across linguistic levels, suggesting that the simplicity bias may be driven by a single, non-level-specific mechanism. Taken together, the experimental evidence presented in this thesis supports the hypothesis that the cultural and cognitive pressures acting on language users during learning and communicative interaction - for learnability, expressivity and coordination - are at least partially responsible for the evolution of linguistic complexity. Specifically, they are responsible for the emergence of linguistic complexity which maximises learnability and communicative efficiency, and for the reduction of complexity which does not. More generally, the approach taken in this thesis promotes a view of complexity in linguistic systems as an evolving variable determined by the biases of language learners and users as languages are culturally transmitted.
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43

Ivani, Jessica Katiuscia. "The morphosyntax of number systems: a cross-linguistic study." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/77295.

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This dissertation investigates the number systems and the constructions used to express number in a sample of about 200 languages worldwide. For the purpose of this research linguistic data has been coded and systematize in a structural model, which has its main result in a typological database of number marking constructions. The dissertation is organised around three main research foci, that correspond to the three level of analysis on which this analysis is performed. First, this work provides for a systematic overview of the types of markers used to signal number distinctions on the nominal elements. The aim of this preliminary survey is the identification of (i) the constructions types that recurr more frequently to express the number values (ii) recurrent association between constructions and nominal types and (iii) any relevant features associated to the interaction of a construction form with a number value. The second main goal is the systematic overview of the constructions used to mark plural distinctions at the language specific level and their internal distribution, with a particular attention to the plurality splits and the internal groupings of noun types sharing the same construction form. The third main research question focusses on the presence and distribution of the number systems in the languages of the world. Describing these systems construction wise may help in the understanding of the processes behind the origin of these systems.
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44

White, F. V. "Studies in the morphology of the Early Welsh verb." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371774.

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45

Erdmann, Alexander. "Practical Morphological Modeling: Insights from Dialectal Arabic." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1598006284544079.

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46

Barthélemy, François. "Finite-state compilation of feature structures for two-level morphology." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2712/.

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This paper describes a two-level formalism where feature structures are used in contextual rules. Whereas usual two-level grammars describe rational sets over symbol pairs, this new formalism uses tree structured regular expressions. They allow an explicit and precise definition of the scope of feature structures. A given surface form may be described using several feature structures. Feature unification is expressed in contextual rules using variables, like in a unification grammar. Grammars are compiled in finite state multi-tape transducers.
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47

Ahmad, Zaharani. "Phonology and morphology interface in Malay : an optimality theoretic account." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388610.

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48

Niendorf, Mariya. "Investigating the future of Finnish congruency focus on possessive morphology /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3177634.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Central Eurasian Studies, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 8, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-05, Section: A, page: 1743. Chairperson: Julie Auger.
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49

Estivalet, Gustavo Lopez. "Mental Lexicon Architecture and Morphological Processing of French Verbs." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1173/document.

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Comment les mots sont-ils reconnus? Comment avons-nous accès à la signification des mots? Ces questions ont été explorées dans des études sur l'accès lexical et la reconnaissance des mots durant le demi-siècle dernier dans les domaines de la psycho-, neuro- et de la linguistique. Le traitement morphologique est un niveau essentiel de traitement pour l'extraction d'information lors de la reconnaissance de mots. A un extrême, les modèles de pleine-entrée proposent le stockage du mot entier dans la mémoire et un traitement morphologique post-lexical paradigmatiques; à l'autre extrême, les modèles décompositionnels proposent une décomposition pré-lexicale et une activation morphologique basée sur des règles; entre les deux, les modèles à double-mécanismes postulent deux voies pour la reconnaissance des mots, une route associative avec les mots entiers et une route combinatoire basée sur des règles. Dans la présente thèse, le traitement morphologique des verbes fléchis en français a été étudié en modalité visuelle dans cinq études. L'étude 1 a recherché à mettre à jour l'organisation du lexique mental en utilisant les effets de fréquences de surface et les effets de fréquences cumulée; l'étude 2 a exploré l'impact des différents processus de formation du radical verbal; l'étude 3 a étudié les opérations morphologiques au travers des suffixes flexionnels; l'étude 4 a testé le traitement morphologique verbal pour des locuteurs de français comme L2; et l'étude 5 a exploré les violations morphologiques verbales via des mesures électro-encéphalographiques. Globalement les résultats suggèrent que tous les verbes français fléchis sont traités par un mécanisme unique avec décomposition morphologique pré-lexicale pour l'accès lexical et la reconnaissance des mots. Il est proposé un traitement différent pour les morphèmes lexicaux et fonctionnels. Les mots sont décomposés en morphèmes atomiques, les représentations morphologiques sont activées dans le lexique mental, et les constituants de mots sont recombinés pour la vérification de mot
How words are recognized? How do we process word meaning? These questions have been pursued in lexical access and word recognition studies in the last half century of research in psycho-, neuro-, and linguistics. Morphological processing is an essential level of processing for information extraction during word recognition. In one extreme, full-entry models propose whole word storage in memory and post-lexical morphological processing based on paradigms; in the other extreme, decompositional models posit pre-lexical decomposition and morphemic activation based on rules; between then, dual-mechanism models consider two routes for word recognition, a whole-word associative route and a combinatorial rule-based route. In the present thesis, it was investigated the morphological processing of French inflected verbs in visual modality in five studies. Study 1 researched the mental lexicon organization in function of surface and cumulative frequencies; Study 2 explored different stem formation processes; Study 3 investigated morphological operations in the inflectional suffixes; Study 4 tested the verbal morphological processing in L2 French speakers; and Study 5 tested verbal violations coupled with electroencephalography acquisition. The results suggest that all inflected French verbs are processed by a single-mechanism model with pre-lexical morphological decomposition for lexical activation and word recognition. It is proposed different processing for the lexical and functional morphemes. Words are decomposed in atomic morphemes, morphemic representations are activated in the mental lexicon, and word constituents are recombined for word verification
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50

Mokrani, Soraya. "Etude comparée des parlers du groupe bantu kota-kele (B20) du Gabon : a la recherche de nouveaux critères classificatoires." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2092.

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La présente thèse a deux objectifs principaux. Le premier objectif est de proposer une description de la phonologie et de la morphologie de base pour l’ensemble des parlers B20 connus à ce jour (16 au total). Le deuxième objectif est de mettre au jour de nouveaux critères, non lexicaux, en vue de l’amélioration et de la consolidation de la classification interne de ce groupe resté largement inconnu pendant longtemps.Les parlers B20 sont tous relativement proches les uns des autres, de tous les points de vue. Par conséquent, trouver des critères non lexicaux pour faire avancer les connaissances dialectologiques n’est pas chose aisée. Seule une description fine peut permettre de le faire. Je me suis focalisée sur la phonologie des parlers, sans ignorer pour autant ce que j’avais pu collecter comme données sur la morphologie nominale (classes nominales et PN) et verbale. La première grande partie de la thèse présente l’essentiel des résultats de cette étude fastidieuse. Ces résultats ont à leur tour alimentés l’étude présentée dans la seconde grande partie, consacrée elle à la dialectologie et plus précisément à la recherche de nouveaux critères pouvant être utiles pour la classification interne. L’étude des critères potentiellement utiles pour la dialectologie a révélé que les critères morphologiques retenus tendent à mieux confirmer les propositions de classification interne existantes (et établis sur la base de données lexicales) que les différents critères phonologiques. Si les premiers ont globalement tendance à corroborer les deux, voire trois sous-groupes proposés notamment par Grollemund (2012) et confirmer, indirectement, le caractère flottant du B20 (Bastin & Piron, 1999), les derniers révèlent une disparité bien plus grande au sein du groupe kota-kele. Cette thèse présente d’autres atouts. Elle constitue une contribution importante au travail de documentation des langues bantu menacées de disparition. En plus des nombreuses informations d’ordre linguistique, culturel et historique, la thèse apporte aussi sa pierre à l’édifice quant à l’élaboration d’un atlas linguistique du Gabon et à la classification des langues de ce pays
This doctoral dissertation has two main objectives. The first objective is to provide a description of the phonology and morphology base for all B20 dialects known to date (16 in total). The second objective is to uncover new criteria, nonlexical, for the improvement and consolidation of the internal classification of this group which has remained largely unknown for long.B20 dialects are all relatively close to each other, from all points of view. Therefore, finding nonlexical criteria to improve our understanding of the dialectological structure of this group is not an easy task. Only thorough linguistic description can change this. I focused on the phonology of the dialects, but did not ignore data about noun morphology (nominal classes and noun prefixes) and very basic verb morphology. The first major part of the thesis presents the results of this fastidious study. These results in turn are the basis for the study presented in the second major part which is comparative in nature and dedicated to dialectology and the search for potentially useful new criteria for the improvement of the internal classification of the group.The careful study of potentially useful criteria for dialectology revealed that the selected morphological criteria tend to better confirm existing internal classification proposals (mainly based on lexical data) than the various phonological criteria. If the former generally tend to corroborate the two or three subgroups proposed earlier (particularly by Grollemund (2012)) and confirm, indirectly, the floating nature of the B20 (Bastin and Piron, 1999), the latter clearly reveal a much larger disparity within the Kota-Kele group.This doctoral dissertation also has other assets. It is an important contribution to the ongoing documentation of Bantu languages, many of them being currently threatened with extinction. In addition to extensive linguistic, cultural and historical information, the thesis also wants to make a significant contribution to the development of a linguistic atlas of Gabon and to the classification of the Gabonese languages
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