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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morphology (Linguistics)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Blaszczak, Joanna, Stefanie Dipper, Gisbert Fanselow, et al. "Morphology." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2224/.

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The guidelines for morphological annotation contain the layers that are necessary for understanding the structure of the words in the object language: morphological segmentation, glossing, and annotation of part-of-speech.

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2

Nay, Garrett K. "Areal Patterns of Possessive Morphology in the Languages of Eurasia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3780.

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The goal of this study is to confirm Eurasia as an independent linguistic area with respect to four features of possessive morphology: locus of marking, position of pronominal possessive affixes, obligatory possessive inflection, and possessive classification. Raw data on these features was taken from the WALS database and then run through an algorithm of genealogical stratification called g-sampling, in order to minimize the bias of the sample. The resulting g-units were then categorized by type and geographical area (New World vs. Old World, Eurasia vs. the rest of the world). These counts w

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3

Cole, Jennifer Sandra. "Planar phonology and morphology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14637.

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4

Pirrelli, Vito. "Morphology, analogy and machine translation." Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238781.

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5

Higgins, Ewa Czaykowska. "Investigations into Polish morphology and phonology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14450.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1989.<br>Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, February, 1989: The interaction of phonology and morphology in Polish.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-291).<br>by Ewa Czaykowska Higgins.<br>Ph.D.

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6

Fullwood, Michelle Alison. "Biases in segmenting non-concatenative morphology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120676.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 131-140).<br>Segmentation of words containing non-concatenative morphology into their component morphemes, such as Arabic /kita:b/ 'book' into root [check symbol]ktb and vocalism /i-a:/ (McCarthy, 1979, 1981), is a difficult task due to the size of its search space of possibilities, which grows exponentially as word length increases, versus the linear growth that accompanies concatenative mor

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7

Hale, Rebecca O. "POSITION CLASS PRECLUSION: A COMPUTATIONAL RESOLUTION OF MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE AFFIX POSITIONS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/3.

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In Paradigm Function Morphology, it is usual to model affix position classes with an ordered sequence of inflectional rule blocks. Each rule block determines how (or whether) a particular affix position is filled. In this model, competition among inflectional rules is assumed to be limited to members of the same rule block; thus, the appearance of an affix in one position cannot be precluded by the appearance of an affix in another position. I present evidence that apparently disconfirms this restriction and suggests that a more general conception of rule competition is necessary. The data app

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8

Kelly, Justin Robert. "The syntax-semantics interface in distributed morphology." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3559577.

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<p> Distributed Morphology (DM; Halle & Marantz 1993; Marantz 1997) is founded on the premise that the syntax is the only computational component of the grammar. Much research focuses on how this premise is relevant to the syntax-morphology interface in DM. In this dissertation, I examine theory-internal issues related to the syntax-semantics interface in DM. I also I propose an account of the Encyclopedia, where meaning is stored in the semantic component of the grammar, since a clear model is generally absent from DM literature. </p><p> Much of this dissertation is based on the Strong

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9

Alharbi, Abdallah. "A syntactic approach to Arab verbal morphology." Thesis, University of Essex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277907.

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10

Parker, Jeffrey. "Inflectional Complexity and Cognitive Processing: An Experimental and Corpus-based Investigation of Russian Nouns." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467904555.

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11

Randoja, Tiina Kathryn. "The phonology and morphology of Halfway River Beaver." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5749.

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This dissertation is an examination of word formation and the phonological properties of the verb in Halfway River Beaver (HRB), a Northern Athapaskan language of British Columbia. Due to various types of discontinuous dependencies between verb prefixes, I adopt the traditional analysis of the Athapaskan verb into verb theme, verb base, and verb form (Sapir and Hoijer 1967, among others) to determine the sequence of affixation in the morphology. The resulting representation structures prefixes in a way which is vastly different from their surface ordering; the differences seem bizarre, as they

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12

Newell, Heather. "Aspects of the morphology and phonology of phases." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32399.

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This thesis offers evidence that phases (Chomsky 1995) induce word-internal cycles of morphological and phonological interpretation. Phases proposed in the syntactic literature are shown to have effects word-internally, therefore supporting a representational theory of morpho-phonology (e.g. Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1994)). It is argued that phases exist at the nP, aP, vP, vP, DP, and CP syntactic levels. These phases are shown to have differing behaviour with regards to the domain which is

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13

Reid, Agnieszka. "The combinatorial lexicon : psycholinguistic studies of Polish morphology." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246900.

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The goal of this thesis is to add a typologically distinct data point to the investigation of access and representation of words in the mental lexicon, which until recently has been biased towards English. We concentrated on Polish, which contrasts with English in the richness of its inflectional and derivational morphology and its morpho-phonological alternations. Using immediate cross-modal and delayed auditory-auditory priming, parallel issues to those examined in English are investigated, as well as questions which cannot be addressed in English, because of differences in morphological pro

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14

Bouhadiba, F. A. N. "Aspects of Algerian Arabic verb phonology and morphology." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383612.

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15

Al-Sulaiti, Latifa Mubarak. "Some apects of Qatari Arabic phonology and morphology." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239834.

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16

Drake, Shiloh Nicole. "L1 Biases in Learning Root-and-Pattern Morphology." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10932694.

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<p> This dissertation addresses the question of whether non-adjacent morphological dependencies are as difficult to learn as non-adjacent phonological dependencies. Non-adjacent dependencies have been investigated in the past, and have proven to be at best difficult to learn (Bonatti, Peña, Nespor, & Mehler, 2005; Gómez, 2002; LaCross, 2011, 2015; Newport & Aslin, 2004), and at worst, completely unlearnable (Newport & Aslin, 2004: experiment 1). LaCross (2011, 2015) showed that speakers of a language employing non-adjacent dependencies were able to learn an artificial

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17

Cahill, Lynne Julie. "Syllable-based morphology for natural language processing." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386529.

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This thesis addresses the problem of accounting for morphological alternation within Natural Language Processing. It proposes an approach to morphology which is based on phonological concepts, in particular the syllable, in contrast to morpheme-based approaches which have standardly been used by both NLP and linguistics. It is argued that morpheme-based approaches, within both linguistics and NLP, grew out of the apparently purely affixational morphology of European languages, and especially English, but are less appropriate for non-affixational languages such as Arabic. Indeed, it is claimed

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18

Mathur, Gaurav 1972. "The morphology-phonology interface in signed languages." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8843.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-202).<br>This thesis provides a novel way of looking at verb agreement in signed languages by using an interaction of several processes within the Distributed Morphology framework. At the center of the model is a phonological re-adjustment rule, ALIGN-Sphere, which handles various forms of agreement, including orientation change, path movement, hand order, and/ or a combination of these. Further evidence is taken from cross-linguistic data from Am

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19

Bonet, i. Alsina M. Eulàlia. "Morphology after syntax--pronominal clitics in romance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13534.

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20

Hoffman, Mika Christine. "The syntax of argument-structure-changing morphology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13519.

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21

Abu, Hammad Omar. "Prosodic Morphology : Gender in Arabic Perfect Active and Passive 3rd Person Singular Verbs." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2873.

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Prosodic /template Morphology, that "draws heavily on the theoretical apparatus and formalisms of the generative phonology model known as autosegmental phonology" (Katamba, F. 1993: 154), is the best analysis that can handle Arabic morphology. Verbs in Arabic are represented on three independent tiers: root tier, the skeletal tier and the vocalic melody tier (Katamba, F. 1993). Vowel morphemes, which are represented by diacritics, are inserted within the consonant morphemes, which are represented by primary symbols, to form words. The morpheme tier hypothesis paves the way to understand the no

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22

White, F. V. "Studies in the morphology of the Early Welsh verb." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371774.

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23

Ciucci, Luca. "Inflectional Morphology in the Zamucoan Languages." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86024.

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24

Barthélemy, François. "Finite-state compilation of feature structures for two-level morphology." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2712/.

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This paper describes a two-level formalism where feature structures are used in contextual rules. Whereas usual two-level grammars describe rational sets over symbol pairs, this new formalism uses tree structured regular expressions. They allow an explicit and precise definition of the scope of feature structures. A given surface form may be described using several feature structures. Feature unification is expressed in contextual rules using variables, like in a unification grammar. Grammars are compiled in finite state multi-tape transducers.

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25

Ahmad, Zaharani. "Phonology and morphology interface in Malay : an optimality theoretic account." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388610.

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26

Niendorf, Mariya. "Investigating the future of Finnish congruency focus on possessive morphology /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3177634.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Central Eurasian Studies, 2005.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 8, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-05, Section: A, page: 1743. Chairperson: Julie Auger.

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27

Kearsley, Logan R. "A Hybrid Approach to Cross-Linguistic Tokenization: Morphology with Statistics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5984.

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Tokenization, or word boundary detection, is a critical first step for most NLP applications. This is often given little attention in English and other languages which use explicit spaces between written words, but standard orthographies for many languages lack explicit markers. Tokenization systems for such languages are usually engineered on an individual basis, with little re-use. The human ability to decode any written language, however, suggests that a general algorithm exists.This thesis presents simple morphologically-based and statistical methods for identifying word boundaries in mult

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28

Watson, Janet Constance Elizabeth. "Aspects of the phonology and verb morphology of three Yemeni dialects." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1989. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28629/.

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This thesis challenges a number of widely held assumptions concerning dialectology. Generative approaches to dialectology have assumed that related dialects share identical underlying representations and that dialect variation results from different rules or different ordering of the same rules. In the introduction, it is demonstrated that this position is untenable. Firstly, it is claimed that there can be no such notion as an objective dialect and that the term 'dialect' is most sensibly used to describe what native speakers perceive to be their language variety; and secondly, it is argued t

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29

Siddiki, Asma Azam. "Developmental and behavioural studies in English and Arabic inflectional morphology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269485.

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30

Crowhurst, Megan Jane. "Minimality and foot structure in metrical phonology and prosodic morphology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185652.

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This dissertation develops a theory of minimality and foot structure in metrical phonology and prosodic morphology. Central to the theory is the proposal that whether foot structures may be satisfied by a minimum of phonological content is determined by specifying binary values for a new parameter, the Minimal Structure Parameter. The theory of minimality is embedded within a larger theory of prosody which construes metrical footing as mapping to templates. Under this view, metrical templates are subject to the same universal principles, for example Template Satisfaction and Maximization of As

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31

Roberts, Philip J. "Towards a computer model of the historical phonology and morphology of Latin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d3ef315c-3d5c-486b-8fbe-0fa6fdbb8219.

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Research projects in Optimality Theory tend to take a synchronic view of a particular generalisation, and set their standards for rigour in typological terms (see for example Suzuki 1998 on dissimilation, Crosswhite 2001 on vowel reduction). The goal of this thesis is to use Stratal OT to take a diachronic view of multiple generalisations within the morpho-phonology of one language, namely Latin, with the principal empirical aim of producing an analysis that is demonstrably true to all the attested facts of the generalisations in question. To that end, I have written PyOT, a computer program i

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Scott, Sheila. "The second language acquisition of Irish relative clauses: The morphology/syntax interface." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/11012.

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The thesis explores whether or not overt bound morphology triggers the acquisition of distinct structural representations or whether these representations are acquired independently of the morphology. Second language learners of Irish were tested to determine their level of sensitivity to distinct complementizer forms in Irish, aL which triggers lenition on the verb in the presence of a gap in the clause and aN which triggers eclipsis on the verb in the presence of a resumptive pronoun in the clause. Adult second language learners of Irish were tested using aural and written acceptability judg

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Say, Tessa. "The mental representation of Italian morphology : evidence for the dual-mechanism model." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310049.

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34

Hantgan, Abbie. "Aspects of Bangime Phonology, Morphology, and Morphosyntax." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601801.

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<p>This dissertation provides a description of aspects of the phonology, morphology, and morphosyntax of Bangime. Bangime is a language isolate spoken in the Dogon language speaking area of Central Eastern Mali. Although the Bangande, the speakers of Bangime, self-identify with the Dogon, their language bears practically no resemblance to the surrounding Dogon languages. Bangime has limited productive morphological processes whereas Dogon languages are agglutinating, with productive morphemes to indicate inflectional and derivational verbal and nominal processes. </p><p> Bangime has a comple

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Methé, Susan. "Grammatical morphology in French language-impaired children." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24029.

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Various accounts have been proposed to explain the deficits found in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Since many of these hypotheses have been evaluated using English speaking subjects, there is an important need for cross-linguistic evidence. In this study, the language of Quebec French speaking language-impaired children was examined in an attempt to provide further information about the nature and characteristics of this impairment.<br>The research examined the language of ten 7-year-old unilingual French language-impaired children. Their language was compared to language s

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36

Hayes, Jennifer Anne. "Inflectional morphology and compounding in English : a single route, associative memory based account." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14138.

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Native English speakers include irregular plurals in English compounds (e. g., mice chaser) more frequently than regular plurals (e. g., *rats chaser) (Gordon, 1985). This dissociation in inflectional morphology has been argued to stem from an internal and innate morphological constraint as it is thought that the input to which English speaking children are exposed is insufficient to signal that regular plurals are prohibited in compounds but irregulars might be allowed (Marcus, Brinkmann, Clahsen, Weise & Pinker, 1995). In addition, this dissociation in English compounds has been invoked

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37

Fortin, Antonio. "The morphology and semantics of expressive affixes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88a23d7c-c229-49af-9fc9-2cb35fce9d54.

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This dissertation focuses on two aspects of expressive affixes: their morphological/typological properties and their semantics. With regard to the former, it shows that the expressive morphology of many languages (including Bantu, West Atlantic, Walman, Sanskrit, English, Romance, Slavic, and others), has the following properties: 1) it is systematically anomalous when compared to plain morphology, or the ordinary processes of word-formation and inflection. From this, it follows that many familiar morphological arguments that adduce the data of expressive morphology ought to be reconsidered; a

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Khaliq, Bilal. "Unsupervised learning of Arabic non-concatenative morphology." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53865/.

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Unsupervised approaches to learning the morphology of a language play an important role in computer processing of language from a practical and theoretical perspective, due their minimal reliance on manually produced linguistic resources and human annotation. Such approaches have been widely researched for the problem of concatenative affixation, but less attention has been paid to the intercalated (non-concatenative) morphology exhibited by Arabic and other Semitic languages. The aim of this research is to learn the root and pattern morphology of Arabic, with accuracy comparable to manually b

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Mahdi, Q. R. "The spoken Arabic of Basra, Iraq : a descriptive study of phonology, morphology and syntax." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332105.

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40

Brown, Dunstan. "From the general to the exceptional : a network morphology account of Russian nominal inflection." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/994/.

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41

Oltra, Massuet Maria Isabel 1966. "On the notion of theme vowel : a new approach to Catalan verbal morphology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9532.

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42

Smith, Benjamin C. "Compounding and Incorporation in the Ket Language: Implications for a More Unified Theory of Compounding." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/1.

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Compounding in the world’s languages is a complex word-‐formation process that is not easily accounted for. Moreover, incorporation is equally complex and problematic. This examination of compounding and incorporation in the Ket language seeks to identify the underlying logic of these processes and to work towards a typology that captures generalizations among the numerous ways in which languages expand their lexicons through these processes. Canonical Typology provides a framework that does just this. A preliminary canonical typology of compounds is proposed here, one that subsumes a range o

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43

Punske, Jeffrey Paul. "Aspects of the internal structure of nominalization: roots, morphology and derivation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222837.

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This dissertation uses syntactic, semantic and morphological evidence from English nominalization to probe the interaction of event-structure and syntax, develop a typology of structural complexity within nominalization, and test hypotheses about the strict ordering of functional items. I focus on the widely assumed typology of nominalization found in Chomsky (1970). In particular, I show that derived nominals are structurally more complex than nominal gerunds; this has long been assumed to be the opposite. I provide a structural and morphological account of these forms of nominalization. In

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44

Yahaya, Moinaecha Cheikh. "L’onomastique comorienne: etude linguistique." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-98404.

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Dans cette etude nous nous sommes fixé commee objectif principal la recherche des morphèmes nominaux altérés dans la langue courante et qui se manifestent au niveau des noms propres surtout au niveau des composés. Ces éléments nous permettront de mieux comprendre le système morphologique du comorien et compléter une etude en cours sur la morphologie des nominaux. L’étude morphologique du nom propre sera complétée par une étude syntaxique des différents éléments qui le composent. Les indications socio-culturelles et socio-linguistiques étant très significatives, nous introduirons une approche t

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45

Esher, Louise. "Future, conditional and autonomous morphology in Occitan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ba3acc5a-4474-4511-93c4-347bd2128b8d.

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Occitan presents a complex inflectional paradigm together with extensive regional variation, thus offering a rich source of morphological data; as the present study demonstrates, these data are of significant value both to morphological theory and to comparative Romance linguistics. The study is concerned with the form and meaning of two categories within the Occitan verb paradigm, the ‘synthetic future’ (SF) and ‘synthetic conditional’ (SC) derived from the Latin periphrastic constructions CANTARE HABEO and CANTARE HABEBAM respectively. In Romance languages which present this type of future a

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46

Hippisley, Andrew. "Declarative derivation : a network morphology account of Russian word formation with reference to nouns denoting 'person'." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363798.

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47

Halcomb, T. Michael W. "GENERATING AMHARIC PRESENT TENSE VERBS: A NETWORK MORPHOLOGY & DATR ACCOUNT." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/19.

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In this thesis I attempt to model, that is, computationally reproduce, the natural transmission (i.e. inflectional regularities) of twenty present tense Amharic verbs (i.e. triradicals beginning with consonants) as used by the language’s speakers. I root my approach in the linguistic theory of network morphology (NM) and model it using the DATR evaluator. In Chapter 1, I provide an overview of Amharic and discuss the fidel as an abugida, the verb system’s root-and-pattern morphology, and how radicals of each lexeme interacts with prefixes and suffixes. I offer an overview of NM in Chapter 2 an

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Thompson, Catherine Anderson. "Development of morphological forms in four-year-old children." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3917.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate morphological development in 4-year-old children. Two tests were utilized and compared to see if there was a significant difference between the expression of meaningful and nonmeaningful words. The first test, a modified version of the Test for Examining Expressive Morphology (TEEM), used meaningful words to assess allomorphic variations of six bound morphemes. The second test, a modified version of Berko's Test of English Morphology (BTEM), assessed the same allomorphic variations, but it used nonmeaningful words.

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49

Collazo, Anja Maria. "The Japanese Naming System ―Morphology and Semantics of Individual Names." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215635.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(人間・環境学)<br>甲第19809号<br>人博第780号<br>新制||人||187(附属図書館)<br>27||人博||780(吉田南総合図書館)<br>32845<br>京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻<br>(主査)教授河﨑靖, 教授齋藤治之, 教授壇辻正剛, 准教授谷口一美<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Hardymon, Nathan. "THE SHAWNEE ALIGNMENT SYSTEM: APPLYING PARADIGM FUNCTION MORPHOLOGY TO LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR'S M-STRUCTURE." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/8.

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Abstract:

Shawnee is a language whose alignment system is of the type first proposed by Nichols (1992) and Siewierska (1998): hierarchical alignment. This alignment system was proposed to account for languages where distinctions between agent (A) and object (O) are not formally manifested. Such is the case in Shawnee; there are person-marking inflections on the verb for both A and O, but there is not set order. Instead, Shawnee makes reference to an animacy hierarchy and is an inverse system. This thesis explores how hierarchical alignment is accounted for by Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), and also a

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