Academic literature on the topic 'Morphology (Plants) eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Morphology (Plants) eng"
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Lamb, J. F. S., L. D. Johnson, D. K. Barnes, and J. J. Marquez-Ortiz. "A method to characterize root morphology traits in alfalfa." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-124.
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Productivity in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been shown to be influenced by root morphology. Our objectives were to identify the optimum age, cultural practices, and environmental conditions to characterize taproot diameter (TD), lateral root number (LRN), fibrous root mass (FRM), and determinate taproot percentage (DTP) in alfalfa. No correlations were found between greenhouse-cultured plants and 21-wk-old field-grown plants for LRN or FRM, while TD showed low to moderate correlations between greenhouse and field environments. Fourfold more plants with determinate taproots were identified in transplanted plots compared to seeded plots. All root traits were affected by plant spacing but, no germplasm × plant spacing interactions were found. Solid seeded plants needed more time to show maximum expression of root traits and scored lower for LRN and FRM and had smaller TD than spaced plants. Only TD had a significant germplasm × location interaction. Both TD and LRN increased with N fertilizer and between the seeding and first production years, but no germplasm × N rate or germplasm × year interactions were found. Rankings of alfalfa germplasms were the same at the end of the seeding year (22 wk after planting) and at the end of the first production year (74 wk after planting). Characterization of LRN and FRM in alfalfa should be conducted in seeded field plots with uniform plant spacing at one location, with or without N fertilizer at least 22 wk after planting. A similar protocol with evaluation at more than one location would be more appropriate for characterization of TD. Key words: Medicago sativa L., root morphology, alfalfa
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Benny, Gerald L. "Classical morphology in zygomycete taxonomy." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-315.
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Classification of Zygomycetes has evolved with the description of new taxa and the rediscovery and redescription of known species. Taxonomy of orders in Zygomycetes is based on the morphology of the spore forming structures, sporangia and (or) sporangiola, or merosporangia. Some organisms produce only zygospores, azygospores, chlamydospores, or a combination of these structures. The occurrence and morphology of any of the aforementioned structures and others (e.g., stolons and rhizoids, apophyses, branching pattern, fertile vesicles) are used to ascertain the phylogenetic relationships in Mucorales. Our understanding of the morphology, development, and phylogeny of Zygomycetes has been enhanced by using microscopic observations and cladistic analysis of data sets derived both from small subunit rDNA and morphology. Many morphological characters (e.g., trophocyst, yeast cell formation) still appear to be reliable phylogenetic indicators while others (e.g., spore morphology) are too variable. The value of zygospore morphology is reduced because the sexual spore has never been reported for many taxa. Many characters used to circumscribe mucoralean families probably do not indicate relationships but still are useful in identification. Sporangiola should be considered indistinct from sporangia. Key words: cladistics, morphology, Mucorales, phylogeny, sporangia, sporangiola.
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Castellani, C. "Seasonal variation in egg morphology and hatching success in the calanoid copepods Temora longicornis, Acartia clausi and Centropages hamatus." Journal of Plankton Research 25, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.5.527.
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Hesp, Patrick A. "A review of biological and geomorphological processes involved in the initiation and development of incipient foredunes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 96 (1989): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000010927.
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SynopsisThe evolution, ecological processes, aerodynamics, and morphology of incipient or new foredunes on the upper beach is reviewed. Four types of incipient foredunes may be distinguished, namely: type 1, those initiated by shadow dune formation within zones of discrete individual pioneer annuals (e.g. Cakile spp.), and perennials (e.g. Spinifex spp.; Ammophila spp.); type 2, those initiated by dunelet or hummock formation within discrete colonies of perennial grasses and herbs; type 3, those initiated by sand deposition within laterally extensive colonies of pioneer seedlings; and type 4, those initiated by sand deposition within a laterally extensive plant rhizome cover.Type 1 dunes are dominated by high, local flow deceleration and 3-D flow separation. Shadow dunes form within and downwind of the discrete plants. If colonised by annual plants, invasion by perennial plants is necessary for survival. Later lateral plant spread and accretion produces hummocky terraces and ridges. Type 2 dunes (dunelets) are characterised by local landward flow deceleration and marginal high velocity side flows. Sand deposition results in the formation of low, discrete, semi-circular convex mounds (seedlings), or more elongate hummocks and mounds (rhizomes). Types 3 and 4 dunes are characterised by laterally extensive, often homogeneous vegetation canopies. High canopies display more rapid landward flow deceleration than low canopies, thus narrow, asymmetric ridges and longer convex ridges result respectively. High plant densities result in rapid down-canopy flow deceleration, maximum traction load retardation and the formation of narrow asymmetric ridges. Dune height decreases and dune length increases as plant densities decrease. Maximum deposition zones occur for each wind velocity range. Whether ramp, terrace or ridge morphologies are formed depends on mode of beach colonisation, plant density and distribution, sand volume, wind speed, and plant species type and morphology.A range of variables which affect foredune morphology and evolution, including plant canopy density, height and distribution, wind velocity, and various ecological environmental processes are examined.
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Flint, Hollis M., Joseph E. Leggett, LeAnne Elhoff, Nancy J. Parks, and Elizabeth W. Davidson. "Effects of the Plant Growth Regulator Mepiquat Chloride on Silverleaf Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Infestations on Cotton2." Journal of Entomological Science 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-31.1.112.
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Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants were treated with the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (Pix™) in greenhouse and field plot tests to determine its effect on infestations of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring. In the greenhouse, Pix-treated plants were significantly shorter and had thicker leaves than untreated plants by the end of the second week following application. Most of the Pix treatments caused significant reductions in adults, eggs and nymphs on leaves by fourth and final week of the test. In a separate test, leaf water potentials were equal for Pix-treated and well-watered plants which were significantly lower than for water-stressed and control plants. Pix-treated plants in two field plot tests showed the same changes in plant morphology observed in Pix-treated plants in the greenhouse. However, leaf water potentials were the same as in untreated plants and no reductions in whitefly infestations were found during the 6 to 7 wk test periods. Pix-treated plants in a third field plot test showed no changes in plant morphology or in whitefly infestations. The reduced whitefly infestations of Pix-treated plants in the greenhouse, but not in field plots, may have been due to reduced leaf water potentials in Pix-treated greenhouse plants but not in field plants.
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Stolter, C., John P. Ball, and R. Julkunen-Tiitto. "Seasonal differences in the relative importance of specific phenolics and twig morphology result in contrasting patterns of foraging by a generalist herbivore." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 5 (May 2013): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0270.
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The co-evolved relationship between the chemical composition of plants and herbivory is fundamental in understanding diet selection of herbivores and their impacts on plants and ecosystems. However, the impact of plant secondary chemistry on mammalian herbivory is not fully understood. We investigated seasonal influences of phenolics with low molecular weight (e.g., flavonoids, salicylates) and plant morphology of the tea-leaved willow (Salix phylicifolia L.) on moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) foraging. We analysed the relationship of different phenolic compounds in twigs and browsing in winter, and in leaves and the degree of leaf stripping in summer, and the role of plant morphology. In winter, higher concentrations of phenolics, e.g., myricetin-related compounds (belonging to the flavonoids), had a negative impact on herbivory by moose. This impact was not associated with a single compound but instead seemed to be more a result of synergistic or additive effects of different compounds. In contrast, the models for summer browsing showed a pronounced effect of plant morphology. Our analyses reveal differences in the relative importance of phenolics of low molecular weight and plant morphology on diet selection between seasons. These findings are relevant for understanding feeding decisions and mechanisms deterring mammalian herbivores known for shaping the vegetation on the ecosystem level.
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Rajapakse, Nihal C., Margaret J. McMahon, and John W. Kelly. "INFLUENCE OF END OF DAY FAR-RED LIGHT ON HEIGHT OF CHRYSANTHEMUM PLANTS UNDER CuSO4 SPECTRAL FILTERS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 649a—649. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.649a.
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The response of `Bright Golden Anne' and `Spears' chrysanthemum plants to EOD-R or FR light was evaluated to determine the involvement of phytochrome in regulation of plant morphology under CuSO4 filters. Light transmitted through the CuSO4 filter significantly reduced height, internode length and stem dry weight of `BGA' and `Spears' chrysanthemum plants. However, the degree of response varied with the cultivar. Exposure to EOD-FR reversed the reduction of plant height, internode length and the stem dry weight caused by the light transmitted through CuSO4 filters to a level comparable with control plants. Exposure to EOD-FR did not significantly alter height and stem dry weight under control filter Exposure to EOD-R light reduced the height and stem dry weight of `BGA' plants grown under control filter but EOD-R had no effect under CuSO4 filters. In `Spears' plants, EOD-R caused stem dry weight reduction under control filters, but did not reduce stem or internode elongation. The results suggest phytochrome may be involved in controlling plant response under CuSO4 filters. However, there are evidence to indicate that an additional mechanism may be acting on stem/internode elongation.
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Neubig, Kurt M., and J. Richard Abbott. "Interspecific hybridization in North American Polygala (Polygalaceae)." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 14, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v14.i1.895.
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As a part of ongoing systematic and phylogenetic studies in Polygalaceae, field collections of two pairs of North American species (Polygala balduinii and P. ramosa, and P. lutea and P. rugelii) had morphologically intermediate forms and grew sympatrically, and so were suspected to be interspecific hybrids. Although hybrids among plants are often invoked in taxonomic and floristic literature based on morphologic intermediacy, they are rarely documented and substantiated using molecular tools. We found that the morphologically intermediate individuals within intermixed populations of both species pairs did indeed share all of the variable nucleotide sites in nrITS among the parent species. Likewise, using plastid sequence data (trnL-F), we determined that in both species pairs, the parentage was bidirectional. Although some DNA inheritance phenomena (e.g. incomplete lineage sorting) can result in similar polymorphic DNA sequence data, the intermediacy in both morphology and sequence data within sympatric populations is more indicative of interspecific hybridization.
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McLaughlin, D. J., M. E. Berres, and L. J. Szabo. "Molecules and morphology in basidiomycete phylogeny." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-311.
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To obtain an understanding of the relationships of the basidiomycetes, especially those with horizontally partitioned metabasidia, and of the evolution of structural characters, members of nine orders and an additional four genera of simple-septate fungi (Auriculariales sensu lato) were studied using cladistic analysis of light microscopic and ultrastructural characters. Comparisons were made with the nucleotide sequence from the 5′ end of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene analyzed with several algorithms, including parsimony and maximum likelihood. Analyses of both morphological and molecular characters support similar phylogenetic conclusions, but polarization of some morphological characters was difficult without guidance from molecular data. The Uredinales are shown to be an advanced taxon arising from the simple-septate Auriculariales sensu lato, and some characters that they share with the ascomycetes result from convergent evolution. The simple-septate Auriculariales consists of more than one clade, and the related gasteroid Pachnocybe ferruginea possesses numerous derived light microscopic characters, including holobasidia. Key words: basidiomycetes, character evolution, cladistics, molecular evolution, phylogeny.
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Barten, J. H. M., J. W. Scott, and R. G. Gardner. "Characterization of Blossom-end Morphology Genes in Tomato and Their Usefulness in Breeding for Smooth Blossom-end Scars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 4 (July 1994): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.4.798.
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Pointed blossom-end morphology may be used to reduce blossom-end scar size in large-fruited, fresh-market tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The usefulness of this characteristic has been limited due to persistence of pointedness on mature fruit, resulting in postharvest bruising, and to close association of pointedness with leaf curl, which may increase foliar disease problems. The inheritance of pointedness in three breeding lines (NC 140, Fla 890559-24, and Fla 894413-1) and four accessions with previously described blossom-end morphology genes [LA 2-5 with persistent style (pst), LA 986 with beaky (bk), LA 1787 with beaky-2 (Bk-2), and LA 2353 with nipple tip (n)] was investigated. In F1 s and F2s of crosses with wild types, some pointedness was observed in heterozygotes, but the level of expression was generally close to wild type expression, except for LA 986. Consequently, Bk-2 in LA 1787 was renamed bk-2. F1 complementation tests were difficult to interpret. Wild types segregated in F2s of all complementation crosses, except for LA 986 × LA 2-5, a result indicating the presence of the same gene in these two accessions. Three new nipple-tip genes were named; n-2 in NC 140, n-3 in Fla 890559-24, and n-4 in Fla 894413-1. None of the seven accessions tested had significant leaf curl. Early identification of mutant plants by the shape of the stylar base in flowers at anthesis was reliable only for bk. Various blossom-end morphology genes may be backcrossed into otherwise desirable breeding lines, and complementing parents may be intercrossed to obtain optimal smoothness in the hybrid without undesirable pointed mature hybrid fruit.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Morphology (Plants) eng"
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Andrade, Débora Aparecida Verde de. "Caracterização morfológica e citogenética de sementes e plântulas de algumas espécies de plantas tóxicas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92681.
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Orientador: Fabíola Vitti MôroBanca: Emerson Ricardo Pansarin
Banca: Ricardo Machado da Silva
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar morfologica e citogeneticamente as especies de plantas toxicas: Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey., Ricinus communis L., Cassia occidentalis L. , Canavalia ensiformis D.C. e Amaranthus spinosus L.. Para a morfologia utilizou-se sementes e plantulas que foram esquematizadas com auxilio de estereomicroscopio equipado com camara clara.Para a citogenetica utilizou-se pontas de raizes, hidroxiquinoleina e coloracao Giemsa. Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey. apresenta sementes com variados tons de castanhos. A germinacao e epigea e fanerocotiledonar. O embriao e cotiledonar e o endosperma mucilaginoso. Apresenta numero cromossomico 2n = 16 cromossomos, com comprimento medio geral de 3,340 Êm } 0,689. Ricinus communis L. possui sementes com testa mesclada em tons castanhos, com caruncula visivel localizada na parte inferior da semente, germinacao epigea e fanerocotiledonar.O embriao e cotiledonar e o endosperma oleaginoso. O numero cromossomico 2n = 10 cromossomos, com comprimento cromossomico medio de 1,123 Êm } 0,327. Cassia occidentalis apresenta sementes com tons marrom-escuro, embriao cotiledonar e endosperma mucilaginoso. A germinacao e epigea e fanerocotiledonar. Possui 2n = 26 cromossomos com comprimento cromossomico medio e de 1,672 0,400. Canavalia ensiformis D.C apresenta sementes com uma coloracao branca e lignificada, embrião cotiledonar e endosperma mucilaginoso. A germinacao e do tipo epigea e fanerocotiledonar. Apresenta numero cromossomico 2n = 22 cromossomos com comprimento medio de 1,388 Êm 0,249...... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work had as objective to characterize morphologic and citogenetics some species of toxic plants: Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey., Ricinus communis L., Cassia occidentalis L., Canavalia ensiformis D. C. and Amaranthus spinosus L.. For the morphological studies were used seeds and seedlings that were schematized with of stereomicroscoppe equipped with camera lucida. The cytogenetic already used points of rootses, Hidroxiquinoleina and Giemsa coloration. Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey. present seeds with varied tones of chestnut . Its germination is phanerocotyledonar and epigeous. The seeds are kidney shaped and the embryo is cotyledonary with a mucilaginous endospermic. They present chromosome number 2n = 16 chromosomes, with general medium length of 3,340mm l 0,689. Ricinus communis L. presents seeds with forehead several mixed many tones chestnut, wich visible caruncula located in the inferior part of the seed, germination is phanerocotyledonar and epigeous. The seeds are kidney shaped and the embryo is cotyledonary and an oleaginous endospermic. Its chromosome number is 2n = 10 chromosomes, with length medium chromossomic of 1,123mm l 0,327. Cassia occidentalis presents seed with tones brown-darkness whose interior presents an embryo is cotyledonary and a mucilaginous endospermic. Its germination is phanerocotyledonar and epigeous. The evaluation cytogenetic shows us 2n = 26 chromosomes with length medium chromossomic are of 1,672mm l 0,400. Canavalia ensiformis D.C presents seeds with a white coloration and lignification. In its interior it is located an embryo cotyledonary... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Costa, Neumárcio Vilanova da 1978. "Características anatômicas foliares e morfológicas de quatro espécies de gramas sob aplicação de trinexapac-ethyl /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99981.
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação seqüencial de duas doses de trinexapac-ethyl sobre a anatomia foliar e a morfologia da planta das espécies de gramas São Carlos (Axonopus compressus), Batatais (Paspalum notatum), Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secundatum) e Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica). Os tratamentos utilizados foram constituídos de duas aplicações seqüenciais de trinexapac-ethyl na dose de 56,5+56,5 e 113,0+113,0 g ha-1, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação, para cada espécie avaliada. Os gramados foram cortados com auxílio de um aparador de grama motorizado à altura de 3 cm e em seguida foram realizadas as aplicações dos tratamentos. Após 20 dias da primeira aplicação dos tratamentos, as parcelas foram novamente aparadas à altura de 3 cm e foi realizada a segunda aplicação dos tratamentos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. A redução de crescimento foi avaliada através da medição direta da altura das plantas com régua graduada em centímetros. O número e altura de inflorescências emitidas foram avaliados por amostragem realizada em 0,25 m2 no centro das parcelas, semanalmente. Também foi amostrada a massa seca total produzida pelos tratamentos durante todo o período de condução do experimento. Aos 110 dias após a segunda aplicação dos tratamentos foram realizadas as amostragens do material foliar, para as quatro espécies estudadas. Com relação às estruturas presentes no limbo foliar, foram quantificados os seguintes caracteres anatômicos das regiões da nervura central e internervural: epiderme das faces adaxial e abaxial, feixe vascular, bainha do feixe vascular (=endoderme), esclerênquima, parênquima e espessura foliar. Foi também determinado, na região internervural, o número de feixes vasculares presentes na estrutura foliar, bem como realizada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of sequential application in two rates of trinexapac-ethyl in leaf anatomy and plant morphology of the following turfgrass species: Broadleaf Carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus), Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) and Korean Lawngrass (Zoysia japonica). The treatments used were trinexapac-ethyl with two sprays applied with 20 days interval in two different rates (56,5+56,5 and 113,0+113,0 g ha-1) and a control without spraying, for each evaluated species. The turfgrasses were cut off with a motorized cutter of grass to the 3 cm height, and after the treatments were sprayed. 20 days after the first treatments application, the plots were cut again and the second application of treatments was made. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with four replications. The growth reduction was evaluated through the direct measurement of the height of plants with a ruler graduated in centimeters. The number and height of emitted flowers had been evaluated by sampling carried through in 0,25 m2 in the plots center, weekly. The total dry matter produced by the treatments during the experimental period conduction was sampled. Samples of the foliar material from the four studied species were made at 110 days after second application. For anatomy characterizations were studied anatomic structure presented at leaf blade and the following structures were quantitative evaluated: adaxial and abaxial epidermal faces, vascular bundles (= endoderm), esclerenchyma, parenchyma and leaf thickness. Also the vascular beam number was determined in the internervural region presented in the leaf structure, as well as carried through the counting of the number of stomata of the faces adaxial and abaxial of the epidermis. The data of leaf anatomical characters and quantitative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Dagoberto Martins
Coorientador: Roberto Antonio Rodella
Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues
Banca: Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves
Banca: Dalva Cassie Rocha
Doutor
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Furtado, Archimedes Grangeiro. "Estrutura de uma população de Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. (Rutaceae) numa floresta estacional semidecidua no Sudeste do Brasil." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314989.
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Orientador: Fernando Roberto MartinsTese (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T02:28:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Furtado_ArchimedesGrangeiro_M.pdf: 780236 bytes, checksum: fe8149a02c4feb396c6fd90858397792 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: O presente estudo investigou a estrutura de uma população de Esenbeckia leiocarpa, popularmente conhecida como guarantã, uma espécie de dossel, não pioneira e comum na região estudada. O estudo foi realizado numa área de 3.2 ha de floresta estacional semidecídua em Campinas ¿ SP. Instalamos aleatoriamente 50 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, totalizando 0.5 ha. Em cada parcela de 100 m2, amostramos todos os indivíduos da espécie, exceto plântulas, que foram amostradas em 50 sub-parcelas de 1 m2, sorteadas dentre os vértices de cada parcela de 100 m2. Registramos para todos os indivíduos o diâmetro do caule à altura do solo (DAS), a altura total, a presença de cotilédones, ramificações, atividades reprodutivas, rebrotas e infestação por lianas. Foram identificados seis estádios ontogenéticos na população: plântula, jovem 1, jovem 2, imaturo, adulto e senil. O padrão de ramificação apresentado por E. leiocarpa foi próprio do modelo arquitetural de Massart, que é bem adaptado às condições de pouca luz predominantes no interior da floresta onde o guarantã inicia o seu desenvolvimento. Houve pouca sobreposição de tamanho entre os estádios ontogenéticos, mostrando que a altura e o diâmetro podem auxiliar na determinação dos estádios ontogenéticos e que o surgimento de certas estruturas como, por exemplo, flores ou frutos, só ocorrem após a planta atingir um tamanho mínimo. Os estádios iniciais plântula e jovem 2 apresentaram menor aumento em diâmetro por incremento em altura, ocorrendo o inverso com os estádios mais avançados imaturo e adulto. O maior investimento em altura durante os estádios ontogenéticos iniciais permite que os indivíduos alcancem rapidamente as boas condições de luminosidade próximas ao dossel da floresta. Esses dados indicam que E. leiocarpa apresenta um padrão de crescimento semelhante ao encontrado em outras espécies comuns nas florestas tropicais úmidas e temperadas e que compartilham alguns aspectos das suas histórias de vida, tais como, posição no dossel da floresta e status sucessional. A densidade de plântulas foi bastante alta, apresentando um padrão espacial agrupado próximo aos indivíduos adultos. Plântulas apresentaram altas taxas de mortalidade, principalmente nos locais com dossel mais fechado. O grau de agregação diminuiu ao longo da ontogenia e os estádios ontogenéticos posteriores a plântula apresentaram padrão espacial aleatório em todas as classes de distância. Diferentes estádios ontogenéticos apresentaram-se correlacionados no espaço, indicando que a dispersão das sementes é limitada ou que a favorabilidade ambiental pode ser mantida entre diferentes estádios ontogenéticos. As estruturas ontogenética e de tamanho da população apresentaram distribuição contínua com relativamente poucos indivíduos jovens e imaturos. Estes resultados, juntamente com outras características como alta mortalidade de plântulas, fecundidade moderada, distribuição espacial não relacionada à abertura do dossel e as diferentes arquiteturas - considerando a altura do ponto de inversão morfológica - observadas, indicam que E. leiocarpa é uma espécie com características tanto de tolerância quanto de intolerância à sombra. Embora estudos adicionais sejam necessários para verificar como as características observadas variam no tempo e no espaço, essa relativa flexibilidade ecológica permite que a espécie ocupe ambientes diferentes dentro da floresta, de forma que E. leiocarpa pode ser uma boa opção na recuperação de áreas degradadas
Abstract: The present study investigated the structure of a population of Esenbeckia leiocarpa, popularly known as ¿guarantã¿, a canopy species, not pioneer and common in the region studied. The study was carried out in an area of 3.2 ha of seasonal semi-deciduous forest in Campinas ¿ SP. We randomly installed 50 plots of 10 x 10 m, in a total of 0.5 ha. In each 100 m2 plot we sampled all the individuals of this specie, except from seedlings, that were sampled in 50 sub-plots of 1 m2, randomly chosen among the vertices of each 100 m2 plot. For all the individuals we registered the diameter of the trunk at ground level, the presence of cotyledons, branches, reproductive activity, budding and infestation by lianas. We identified six ontogenetic stages within this population: seedlings, juvenile 1, juvenile 2, immature, adult and senile. The branching pattern presented by E. leiocarpa was similar to the architectural model of Massart that is well adapted to the dimly lit conditions predominant in the interior of forests, where the guarantã initiates its development. There was little size overlap between the ontogenetic stages, indicating that the height and diameter may help in the determination of the ontogenetic stages and that certain structures such as the flowers and fruits can only be found after the plant has reached a minimum height. The initial stages of seedling and juvenile 2 presented less increase in diameter per increase in height, while the opposite occurred in the later stages. The greater investment in height during the first ontogenetic stages allows the individuals to rapidly reach the good conditions of light of the forest canopy. These data indicate that E. leiocarpa presents a growth pattern similar to other common species of the humid tropical forests and the temperate forests that share some aspects of its life history, such as the position in the forest¿s canopy and the successional status. The seedlings density was quite high, presenting a spatial pattern grouped close to the adult individuals. The seedlings presented high rates of mortality, mainly in the sites with closed canopy. The level of aggregation decreases during the ontogeny and in the latest ontogenetic stages the plants presented random spatial patterns in all of the distance classes. Different ontogenetic stages were correlated in space, indicating that the dispersion of the seeds is limited or that the environmental favorability may be kept in the different ontogenetic stages. The size and ontogenetic structures presented continuous distributions, with relatively few juvenile and immature individuals. These results, together with other characteristics such as the high seedling mortality, the moderate fertility, the spatial distribution that is not related to the openness of the canopy and the different architectures ¿ considering the height of the morphologic inversion point ¿ observed, indicate that E. leiocarpa is a specie with characteristics both of tolerance and of intolerance to shadows. Although more studies are needed to confirm how these observed characteristics vary in time and space, this relative ecological flexibility allows this specie to occupy different environments inside the Forest, thus being E. leiocarpa a good option for the recuperation of degraded areas
Mestrado
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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Coneglian, Inara Regiane Moreira. "Morfoanatomia de ovário, pericarpo e semente de sete espécies de Myrteae DC. (Myrtaceae) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104003.
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Orientador: Denise Maria Trombert de OliveiraBanca: Luiz Antonio de Souza
Banca: Maria das Graças Sajo
Banca: Orlando Cavalari de Paula
Banca: Suzana Bissacot Barbosa
Resumo: Myrtaceae é uma das mais relevantes famílias da flora brasileira. Foi tradicionalmente dividida em duas subfamílias, Myrtoideae, com frutos carnosos, e Leptospermoideae, com frutos secos. Esta classificação vem sendo questionada e estudos moleculares atuais vêm reorganizando a família; a classificação mais recente divide a família em Myrtoideae e Psiloxyloideae, sendo que todas as espécies nativas do Brasil encontram-se em Myrteae. Dentro de Myrteae, trabalhos clássicos reconhecem três subtribos, distintas com base na morfologia do embrião e nas características do tegumento seminal, Eugeniinae, Myrciinae e Myrtinae; no cerrado sensu stricto da região de Botucatu, há representantes destas três subtribos. Atualmente, reconhecem-se espécies cuja posição nas subtribos é indefinida, caso de Blepharocalyx salicifolius. Apesar de sua importância taxonômica, os órgãos reprodutivos de Myrtaceae ainda são pouco conhecidos e poderiam fornecer informações relevantes para a compreensão da evolução dos caracteres nos grupos infrafamiliares. Estudos envolvendo a ontogênese de tais órgãos são ainda mais raros, e estudos ontogenéticos que busquem diferenças no desenvolvimento entre estados de caráter aparentemente idênticos com origens independentes, caso dos frutos carnosos, podem fornecer novas informações, passíveis de aplicação em classificações infrafamiliares. Desta forma, sete espécies de Myrteae tiveram seus órgãos reprodutivos analisados anatomicamente, fazendo-se uso de técnicas usuais de anatomia vegetal, com relação aos seguintes aspectos: 1) Vascularização do ovário de botões florais, a fim de se definir o tipo de ovário ínfero e de se reconhecerem possíveis características utilizáveis em estudos filogenéticos; 2) Desenvolvimento dos pericarpos, procurando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Myrtaceae is one of the most relevant families of the Brazilian flora. It was traditionally divided into two subfamilies, Myrtoideae, with fleshy fruits, and Leptospermoideae, with dry fruits. This classification has been questioned and current molecular studies have been reorganizing the family; the most recent classification has divided the family into Myrtoideae and Psiloxyloideae, and all species native to Brazil are included in Myrteae. Considering Myrteae, classic studies have recognized three subtribes that are different based on the embryo morphology and on the seed coat features, Eugeniinae, Myrciinae and Myrtinae; in sensu stricto cerrado in the region of Botucatu, there are representatives of these three subtribes. Currently, species with undefined position in the subtribes, such as Blepharocalyx salicifolius, have been recognized. Although taxonomically important, the reproductive organs of Myrtaceae are still little known and could yield relevant information to understand the evolution of traits in infrafamilial groups. Studies involving the ontogeny of such organs are even scarcer, and ontogenetic studies searching for development differences between character states apparently identical with independent origins, such as fleshy fruits, may provide new information that could be applied in intrafamilial classifications. Thus, seven Myrteae species had their reproductive organs anatomically analyzed by adopting usual techniques of plant anatomy for the following aspects: 1) Vasculature of the ovary of floral buds, to define the type of inferior ovary and to recognize characters that may be used in phylogenetic studies; 2) Pericarp development, attempting to recognize phases and/or traits that may be used in phylogenetic studies; 3) Seed development, attempting to recognize differences that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Pantoja, Tammya de Figueiredo. "Descrição morfológica e análise da variabilidade genética para caracteres de frutos, sementes e processo germinativo associado à produtividade de óleo em matrizes de Carapa guianensis Aublet., uma meliaceae da Amazônia /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92705.
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Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a morfologia de frutos, sementes e desenvolvimento pós-seminal e estudar a divergência genética entre árvores matrizes de Carapa guianensis Aublet., em duas populações naturais no Amapá, uma em Mazagão e outra em Macapá, por meio de caracteres biométricos de frutos e sementes, processo germinativo, desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas e teor de óleo. Na descrição morfológica utilizou-se estereomicroscópio para observação das características externas dos frutos, sementes e plântulas nas diversas fases de desenvolvimento pós-seminal. A divergência genética foi avaliada pela análise de agrupamento, através do algoritmo de Tocher e do método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Using an Arithmetic Average), obtido a partir da matriz de dissimilaridade pela Distância Euclidiana. Para verificação da importância relativa de cada variável para a divergência genética utilizou-se a análise de Componentes Principais. Os frutos de C. guianensis são cápsulas septífragas, secas, deiscentes, pluriloculares, polispérmicas e subglobosas. As sementes são grandes, angulosas e convexas na região dorsal. A germinação é do tipo hipógea-criptocotiledonar e as plântulas apresentam metáfilos paripinados, hipocótilo pequeno, epicótilo glabro, sublenhoso, com duas a seis gemas axilares protegidas por catáfilos. Nos dois métodos de agrupamento as 25 árvores matrizes foram distribuídas em cinco e seis grupos, respectivamente, em Mazagão e Macapá. Oito (50%) e 12 (75%) dos 16 caracteres avaliados, repectivamente, em Mazagão e Macapá, foram considerados de pequena importância para a divergência. Dos caracteres mais importantes para a divergência, a massa de sementes, a largura de frutos e o teor de óleo foram comuns nas duas localidades. Há grande variabilidade entre as árvores matrizes de C. guianensis ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The objective of the work was the morphological characterization of the fruits, the seeds, the post-seminal development and to evaluate the genetic divergence among mothers trees of Carapa guianensis of two natural populations located in Amapá, one in Mazagão and another in Macapá, through biometric traits of fruits and seeds, oil production, germination process and formation of the seedlings. To morphological description, the external characteristics of the fruits, the seeds and the seedlings in various stages of postseminal development were observed in a stereomicroscopy. The genetic divergence was evaluated using clusters analysis, by the algorithm of Tocher and method of UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Using an Arithmetic Average), obtained by the Euclidian Distance. To verify the relative importance of each variable for divergence was applied the analysis of Principal Components. The fruit of C. guianensis is a septicidal capsule, drought, dehiscent, plurilocular, polyspermic and subglobose. The seeds are large, angulate and convex in the back. The germination is hypogeal cryptocotilar and the seedlings have pinnate metaphylls, small hipocotyl, glabrous epicotyl, subwoody, with two or six axillary buds protected by cataphylls. In clusters analysis the 25 mother trees were distributed in five and six groups, respectively, in Mazagão and Macapá. Eight (50%) in Mazagão and 12 (50%) in Macapá of 16 characters evaluated were considered of presented lower importance for genetic divergence. The more important characters to the study of genetic divergence were the fresh mass of the seeds, fruit width and oil content, common in both locations. The great variability among mother trees of C. guianensis and the genetic divergence studies can xvii possibility the identification of mother trees to seed collection for use in conservation and improvement programs.
Orientador: Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
Coorientadora: Fabíola Vitti Môro
Coorientador: Fabiano Cesarino
Banca: Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas
Banca: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes
Mestre
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Araújo, Francisco Pinheiro de 1957. "Caracterização da variabilidade morfoagronômica de maracujazeiro (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) no semi-árido brasileiro /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103239.
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Resumo: O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de avaliar a variabilidade morfoagronômica de Passiflora cincinnata Mast., distribuída em diferentes regiões agroecológicas do Nordeste brasileiro. Foram utilizadas 32 características obtidas em experimento conduzido na Embrapa Semi-Árido, em Petrolina-PE, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O desempenho dos acessos foi avaliado pela análise univariada e os estudos relativos à divergência genética foram realizados com base nos procedimentos multivariados, utilizando-se a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2) e a técnica de agrupamento por variáveis canônicas. A dispersão gráfica dos acessos teve como eixos as primeiras variáveis canônicas. A estratégia de coleta de acessos de P. cincinnata mostrou-se efetiva porque os acessos coletados apresentaram variabilidade genética para todos os descritores utilizados na avaliação. Os caracteres mais importantes para discriminação entre acessos foram: diâmetro das hastes (DH), número de glândulas foliares (NGF), número de glândulas por bráctea (NGB), viabilidade de pólen (VP), massa do fruto (PF), massa da semente (MS) e massa total de frutos (MTF). Contudo, por serem caracteres influenciados pelo ambiente, os acessos devem ser avaliados em mais de um ambiente. O agrupamento dos acessos com base em suas variabilidades genéticas não foi correlacionado com sua origem geográfica. Foram obtidos acessos que, pela alta produtividade de frutos, podem ser recomendados para cultivos experimentais em áreas de produtores.Abstract: The present work was developed aiming at evaluating the morphoagronomic variability of Passiflora cincinnata Mast., which is distributed in different agroecological regions in Northeast Brazil. Data from 32 characters were used in experiments, carried out at Embrapa Tropical Semi-Arid, Petrolina-PE, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The behaviour of accesses was evaluated by univariate analysis and the studies related to the genetic diversity were done based on the multivariate procedures, using the general distance of Mahalanobis (Dø) and the grouping technique by canonic variables. The graphic dispersion of the accesses used the first canonic variables as axis. The strategies for collecting the accesses of P. cincinnata proved to be effective because the collected accesses showed genetic variability for all the descriptors used in the evaluation. The most important characters for the discrimination among accesses were: stem diameter (SD), number of leaf glands (NLG), number of glands per bract (NGB), pollen viability (PV), fruit mass (FM), seed mass (SM) and total fruit mass (TFM). However, as the environment influences the characters, the accesses must be evaluated in more than one environment. Grouping of accesses based on their genetic variability was not correlated with their geographic origin. Since some accesses showed high fruit productivity, they can be recommended to farmers for experimental growing.
Orientador: Norberto da Silva
Coorientador: Manoel Abilio de Queiróz
Banca: Rumy Goto
Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues
Banca: Grécia Cavalcanti da Silva
Banca: Natoniel Franklin de Melo
Doutor
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Swader, Paul. "An analysis of end scrapers from Silver Mound, Jackson Co., Wisconsin : examining morphology to assess temporal context /." 2009. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/38832.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Morphology (Plants) eng"
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Fontana, Alessandro, and Livio Ronchi. "Paesaggi sommersi in Alto Adriatico Dalla pianura glaciale al futuro innalzamento marino." In Palinsesti programmati nell’Alto Adriatico? Decifrare, conservare, pianificare e comunicare il paesaggio. Atti della giornata di Studi (Venezia, 18 aprile 2019). Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-480-6/001.
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The Northern Adriatic Sea is characterized by a gentle marine shelf that led this area and the surroundings coastal plains to be very sensitive even to limited variations of sea level during the Late Quaternary. These changes affected directly and indirectly the ancient human communities. In particular, around 19 ka cal BP, the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) triggered a rapid marine transgression which drowned a large sector of the alluvial plain formerly existing on the present seabed. This dramatic transformation was accompanied by significant changes in the hydrographic network and in the channel morphology of the major rivers. Around 5500 BC the Adriatic coast was already rather comparable to the present one and the rate of sea-level rise considerably lowered. Since that time the paleogeographic changes occurred along the coast were mainly constrained by the complex interplay between eustatic variations, fluvial inputs and subsidence. In the last centuries the anthropogenic activity has strongly increased its influence on the coastal dynamics and the effects of the ongoing global warming are exposing to significant risk of submersion the low-lying coasts of north-western Adriatic.
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Déchaine, Rose-Marie. "Partitioning the nominal domain." In Gender and Noun Classification, 17–40. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828105.003.0002.
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Class qua gender is a mechanism for introducing a partition, i.e. noun classes, into the nominal domain. Treating class/gender as a partition function—a function that exhaustively and non-intersectively assigns all members of a set to a subset—provides insight into the range of variation attested in natural languages relative to the realization of class/gender. This set-theoretic analysis is embedded in a model of interface syntax that allows a given feature’s modus and locus of association to vary. Specifically, the locus of association of class/gender varies such that it can associate with any position in the nominal spine—including Root, n, Number, and D—with concomitant differences in morphology, syntax, and semantics. Also, the modus of association of class/gender can vary, such that it can associate with the nominal spine as a feature of a functional category, e.g. DCLASS, NumberCLASS, nCLASS, ROOTCLASS, or as an independent F-category in the nominal spine. In the latter case, it hosts a distinct F-head (Class), which can be positioned anywhere in the nominal spine. The model is assessed relative to two data sets: (i) the animacy-based gender partition of Plains Cree (central Algonquian): (ii) the classificatory gender (traditionally described as a noun-class system) of Shona (southern Bantu).
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West-Eberhard, Mary Jane. "Modularity." In Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122343.003.0009.
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Modularity, like the responsiveness that gives rise to it during development and evolution, is a universal property of living things and a fundamental determinant of how they evolve. Modularity refers to the properties of discreteness and dissociability among parts and integration within parts. There are many other words for the same thing, such as atomization (Wagner, 1995), individualization (Larson and Losos, 1996), autonomy (Nijhout, 1991b), dislocation (Schwanwitsch, 1924), decomposability (Wimsatt, 1981), discontinuity (Alberch, 1982), gene nets (Bonner, 1988), subunit organization (West-Eberhard, 1992a, 1996), compartments or compartmentation (Garcia-Bellido et al., 1979; Zuckerkandl, 1994; Maynard-Smith and Szathmary, 1995; Kirschner and Gerhart, 1998), and compartmentalization (Gerhart and Kirschner, 1997). One purpose of this chapter is to give consistent operational meaning to the concept of modularity in organisms. Seger and Stubblefield (1996, p. 118) note that organisms show “natural planes of cleavage” among organ systems, biochemical pathways, life stages, and behaviors that allow independent selection of different ones. They ask, “What determines where these planes of cleavage are located” and suggest that a “theory of organic articulations” may give insight into the laws of correlation, without specifying what the laws of articulation may be. Wagner (1995, p. 282) recognizes the importance of modularity and proposes a “building block” concept of homology where structural units often correspond to units of function, but concludes (after Rosenberg, 1985) that “there exists no way to distinguish an adequate from an inadequate atomization of the organisms.” Here I propose that modularity has a specific developmental basis (see also West-Eberhard, 1989, 1992a, 1996; see also Larson and Losos, 1996). Modular traits are subunits of the phenotype that are determined by the switches or decision points that organize development, whether of morphology, physiology, or behavior. Development can be seen as a branching series of decision points, including those caused by physical borders such as membranes or contact zones of growing or diffusing parts (e.g., see Meinhardt, 1982; see also chapter 5, on development). Each decision point demarcates the expression or use of a trait—a modular set—and subordinate branches demarcate lower level modular subunits, producing modular sets within modular sets.
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"Hudson River Fishes and their Environment." In Hudson River Fishes and their Environment, edited by Alan F. Blumberg and Ferdi L. Hellweger. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569827.ch2.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The Hudson River Estuary can be classified as a drowned river valley, partially mixed, tidally dominated estuary. Originally, it had a fjord-like morphology as a result of glacial scour which filled in over the past 3,000 years with river sediments. The hydrodynamics of the estuary are best described by the drivers of circulation, including the upstream river inflows, the oceanographic conditions at the downstream end, and meteorological conditions at the water surface and the response of the waters to these drivers in terms of tides and surges, currents, temperature, and salinity. Freshwater inflow is predominantly from the Mohawk and Upper Hudson rivers at Troy (average flow = 400 m<sup>3</sup>/s, highest in April, lowest in August). At the downstream end at the Battery the dominant tidal constituent is the semidiurnal, principal lunar constituent (the M<sub>2</sub> tide), with an evident spring/neap cycle. The amplitude of the tide is highest at the Battery (67 cm), lower at West Point (38 cm), and higher again at Albany (69 cm), a function of friction, geometry, and wave reflection. Meteorological events can also raise the water surface elevation at the downstream end and propagate into the estuary. Freshwater pulses can raise the water level at the upstream end and propagate downstream. Tidal flows are typically about an order of magnitude greater than net flows. The typical tidal excursion in the Hudson River Estuary is 5–10 km, but it can be as high as 20 km. Temperature varies seasonally in response to atmospheric heating and cooling with a typical August maximum of 25°C and January-February minimum of 1°C. Power plants cause local heating. The salinity intrusion varies with the tide and amount of upstream freshwater input. The location of the salt front is between Yonkers and Tappan Zee in the spring and just south of Poughkeepsie in the summer. Vertical salinity stratification exists in the area of salt intrusion setting up an estuarine circulation. The effect of wind is limited due to a prevailing wind direction perpendicular to the main axis and the presence of cliffs and hills. Dispersive processes include shear dispersion and tidal trapping, resulting in an overall longitudinal dispersion coefficient of 3–270 m<sup>2</sup>/s. The residence or flushing time in the freshwater reach is less than 40 d in the spring and about 200 d in the summer. In the area of salt intrusion, it is about 8 d.
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"Hudson River Fishes and their Environment." In Hudson River Fishes and their Environment, edited by Alan F. Blumberg and Ferdi L. Hellweger. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569827.ch2.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.</em>—The Hudson River Estuary can be classified as a drowned river valley, partially mixed, tidally dominated estuary. Originally, it had a fjord-like morphology as a result of glacial scour which filled in over the past 3,000 years with river sediments. The hydrodynamics of the estuary are best described by the drivers of circulation, including the upstream river inflows, the oceanographic conditions at the downstream end, and meteorological conditions at the water surface and the response of the waters to these drivers in terms of tides and surges, currents, temperature, and salinity. Freshwater inflow is predominantly from the Mohawk and Upper Hudson rivers at Troy (average flow = 400 m<sup>3</sup>/s, highest in April, lowest in August). At the downstream end at the Battery the dominant tidal constituent is the semidiurnal, principal lunar constituent (the M<sub>2</sub> tide), with an evident spring/neap cycle. The amplitude of the tide is highest at the Battery (67 cm), lower at West Point (38 cm), and higher again at Albany (69 cm), a function of friction, geometry, and wave reflection. Meteorological events can also raise the water surface elevation at the downstream end and propagate into the estuary. Freshwater pulses can raise the water level at the upstream end and propagate downstream. Tidal flows are typically about an order of magnitude greater than net flows. The typical tidal excursion in the Hudson River Estuary is 5–10 km, but it can be as high as 20 km. Temperature varies seasonally in response to atmospheric heating and cooling with a typical August maximum of 25°C and January-February minimum of 1°C. Power plants cause local heating. The salinity intrusion varies with the tide and amount of upstream freshwater input. The location of the salt front is between Yonkers and Tappan Zee in the spring and just south of Poughkeepsie in the summer. Vertical salinity stratification exists in the area of salt intrusion setting up an estuarine circulation. The effect of wind is limited due to a prevailing wind direction perpendicular to the main axis and the presence of cliffs and hills. Dispersive processes include shear dispersion and tidal trapping, resulting in an overall longitudinal dispersion coefficient of 3–270 m<sup>2</sup>/s. The residence or flushing time in the freshwater reach is less than 40 d in the spring and about 200 d in the summer. In the area of salt intrusion, it is about 8 d.
Conference papers on the topic "Morphology (Plants) eng"
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Dikarev, A. V. "Assessment of the response of four spring barley varieties to the toxic effects of cadmium according to physiological, biochemical and morphometric parameters throughout the plant’s life cycle." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-87.
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At our previous laboratory experiments, it was found that different spring barley varieties have some different reactions to the cadmium stress at the morphologic, cytogenetic and biochemical levels of plants organization. Thus, the goal of the current work was to assess the reliability of the previous results at full vegetation cycle of plant. The experiment was carried out on the loamy soil with four contrasting at its reactions to the cadmium barley varieties. Cadmium tolerant varieties demonstrated significantly higher values of productivity (e.g. straw, in this case, weighted four times more) and had a less amounts of Cd2+ accumulated at tissues (1.2–2.5 times) in contrast to sensitive ones, which, in fact, gave no harvest at Cd2+pollution at a rate of 50 mg/kg. The identified polymorphism of barley varieties in terms of resistance is maintained throughout the plant’s life cycle.
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Dissanayake, C., UGD Weerasinghe, and KWJP Wijesundara. "URBAN VEGETATION AND MORPHOLOGY PARAMETERS AFFECTING MICROCLIMATE AND OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT IN WARM HUMID CITIES – A REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN THE PAST DECADE." In The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2021 – (ICCC 2021). The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/2513258x.2021.5101.
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Urbanization provokes major modifications to the natural landscape. As the urban population reaches 60% of the world's population by 2030, this constant development, neglecting the planning and design of open spaces, negatively affects microclimate. This leads to local climate change, urban heat islands, and outdoor thermal discomfort. This paper is based on the recent studies of urban morphology and vegetation parameters affecting urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in warm, humid cities in the past decade. Results revealed that three factors are of paramount importance and affect the thermal comfort level; urban space morphology, the orientation of elements and spaces, and vegetation. Therefore, Scenario developments for micrometeorological simulations should be processed considering the identified parameters of urban morphology and vegetation which are further categorized as parameters of geometry, density, configuration, and the physical properties of plants. However, the Configuration of urban vegetation that affects the thermal comfort of urban spaces has not received adequate attention in previous research yet. Thus, future research is needed considering the planting patterns, arrangement of various species, and planting orientations with prevailing wind conditions. By the end of this review, a theoretical framework is suggested as an approach to assess the impact of urban vegetation and morphology parameters on outdoor thermal comfort in warm, humid climates. The framework guides further research adopting more specific and comprehensive approaches of urban vegetation configuration with reference to specific urban morphologies to improve the local microclimate of cities, where the space for planting is critical. Keywords: urban vegetation, urban morphology, vegetation configuration, outdoor thermal comfort, warm humid cities, Climate change
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Marshall, Stephen, and Yuerong Zhang. "Towards a ‘fractal’ typomorphology: integrating concepts of type, form and dimension." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6151.
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While the urban fabric has both three and two dimensional aspects, we rarely if ever experience urban form as a fully three-dimensional object nor as a two-dimensional ground plan. Rather, the urban fabric is experienced more in terms of places with a fractal dimension lying between two and three. Hence we can (re)interpret urban form elements from colonnades to streets as ‘fractal’ types. This in turn suggests the possibility for a ‘fractal’ typo-morphology, addressing elements that occupy a typological space ‘in between’ 3D architectural modelling and 2D urban plan analysis. While Moudon could note that aspects of type were ‘vague and flawed with ambiguity’ (1994), it seems that there is still room for clarity; Dovey’s recent review of type (2016) invites further development and integration of the concept of type what may still be a disparate and ambiguous territory. Meanwhile, fractal approaches to morphology have been traditionally more concerned with larger scale urban patterns (e.g. Frankhauser, 2004) or measurement of architectural elements (e.g. Ostwald et al, 2015) with a fractal dimension less than two. This paper explores the possibilities for establishing a ‘fractal typo-morphology’ that recognises the ‘2.x’ dimensional aspect of the urban fabric and its component types. The paper generates a solution-space of types, illustrated with empirical examples, and organizes these into a typology for onward use, so that ideas of type, form and fractal dimension can contribute more fully as ‘conceptual tools’ both for understanding the urban fabric and for use as building blocks for urban design. References (100 words) Dovey, K. (2016) Urban Design Thinking. London: Bloomsbury Academic. Moudon, A. V. (1994) Getting to know the built landscape: typomorphology, in Franck, K. A and H. Schneekloth (eds) Ordering Space: Types in Architecture and Design. New York: VNR. Frankhauser, P. (2004) Comparing the morphology of urban patterns in Europe – a fractal approach, in Borsdorf, A. and Zembri, P. (eds) European Cities – Insights on outskirts. Brussels: COST. Ostwald, M., Vaughan, J. and Tucker, C. (2015) Characteristic visual complexity: Fractal dimensions in the architecture of Frank Lloyd wright and Le Corbusier, in Williams, K. and Ostwald, M. (eds) Architecture and Mathematics from Antiquity to the Future. Switzerland: Springer.
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Chakraborty, Arindam, Haiyang Qian, and Angah Miessi. "Reliability of LBB Evaluation Considering Randomness in Design Parameters." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57740.
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In US, definition of the Leak-Before-Break (LBB) approach and criteria for its use are provided in NUREG-1061. Volume 3 of NUREG-1061 defines LBB as “…the application of fracture mechanics technology to demonstrate that high energy fluid piping is very unlikely to experience double-ended ruptures or their equivalent as longitudinal or diagonal splits.” Current LBB evaluation uses a factor of safety of two (2) on critical flaw size and a factor of safety of ten (10) on detectable leakage to deterministically analyze, that for a given set of input those factors are achieved. Typical input for LBB evaluation consists of pipe geometry, material properties (both elastic and plastic), crack morphology, loads, and operating pressure and temperature. Since LBB has recently been applied for pipes with weld overlays (WOL), thickness, material properties, and crack morphology of WOL also becomes important. However, in real structure all the design parameters (input) for LBB evaluation are inherently random in nature. The current work includes randomness in the critical design input parameters for LBB evaluation. Based on the result of this study reliability (or its compliment, probability of failure) curves are obtained based on the randomness in the critical input parameters. A piping system is considered to fail the LBB evaluation if the actual leakage through the pipe is less than the required leak rate which is calculated as ten times the plant minimum leak detection capability. Separate reliability curves are obtained for various minimum plant leak detection capability piping (e.g.,…, 1, 0.5,…, 0.1 GPMs) and for various piping systems (large diameter pipes such as reactor coolant loop hot leg and cold leg; and small diameter pipes such as pressurizer surge line, etc.). The reliability curves give an insight into the likelihood for a deterministic design input based LBB evaluation to remain valid in view of the in-situ variations.
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Muñoz-Hernández, Andrés, Sina Dehghan, and Gerardo Diaz. "Physical (Steam) Activation of Post-Gasification Biochar Derived From Peach Pits." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88386.
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Activated carbon is one of the most effective materials for removing a wide range of contaminants from water, e.g., industrial and municipal wastewater. In this paper, physical (steam) activation of peach pit biochar obtained from a biomass gasification power plant is explored. Activation experiments were carried out at various temperatures, steam flow rates, and activation times. The initial biochar and activated biochar samples have been analyzed for porosity, chemical composition and surface morphology. From the porosity analyses it was determined that the raw biochar had a surface area in the order of 1 m2/g, whereas the activated samples had surface areas ranging from 379 m2/g to nearly 600 m2/g. The burn off ranged from 29 % to 56 %. Energy wise, the biochar sample processed for the shortest time with the lowest flow rate had the largest ratio of surface area-to-consumed energy.
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Abaee, Mazyar. "Typo-morphology of Transformation: Reading typo-morphological changes in Tehran during ‘Modern’ and contemporary era for further prescriptions." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6031.
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Effects of modern thoughts during past century have changed the fabric of most of the cities all over the world. The globalization process is another round which imposes many changes in cities. In this paper the history of formal changes of Tehran will be read hermeneutically according to this double round. The city of Tehran, like all others, faced many changes which transformed the urban fabric and this process will continue through the condition of globalization (like other cities worldwide). This paper gives a temporal cross section of changing typo-morphology of the city and shows how the traditional typo-morphological principles of the city is changed by the new and “modern” urban plans, from the most cellular single building lot to the structure of the city, drastically. In This paper the process of this change will be read in relation to legal and administrative process of change which selects and distributes specific kinds of building and block types to accelerate the development process. It will be described how this process ends to the condition which-in the city is right now. The modern changes brought the city to starting level of globalization changes and in past decades many new types have been penetrated the urban fabric. The present urban fabric is a combination of traditional, modern and contemporary types. At the end an agenda for a framework will be proposed which can lead the urban fabric to a situation which these three kinds of temporal typology have a dialogue with each other.
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Xu, Tiantong, Zhi Tao, Xiao Tan, and Haiwang Li. "The Control Method of Surface Morphology and Etch Rates for Silicon Etch Process With Extremely Deep and High Aspect Ratio." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6672.
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The manufacture method based on the silicon etching process is one of the most important methods to fabricate micro mechanical structure, e.g. micro-engine. In the processing, the high aspect ratio silicon etch process (HARSE process) is very important to improve the efficiency of structure. At the same time, the surface morphology should be controlled exactly to keep the performance of structure. In this paper, the feasibilities of controlling the surface morphology and Si etch rates were experimentally investigated. In the experiments, the width of structure changes from 15um to 1500um and the depth changes from 50um to 500um. The parameters of surface morphology including sidewall angle, surface roughness, and so on were measured and compared. The influence mechanisms of etching parameters were analyzed. The etching process were completed in a surface technology system (STS) multiplex advanced silicon etcher inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system with SF6/O2 plasma as etching plasma and C4F8 as passivation plasma. In the experiments, the etching experiments were conducted in a low pressure (5–50mTorr), high density, inductively coupled plasma etching reactor (ICP) with a planar coil. The Si etches rates and sidewall angle were investigated as a function of chamber pressure, cathode RF-power, and gas flow. The results indicated that the increasing of total etching time results in an acceleration in etch rate as well as the decrease in sidewall angle (the top width of trench is narrow than the bottom width). Meanwhile, the total passivation time has an opposite effect in the influence of etch rate and sidewall angle. All the experiments indicate that the quick shift between etch and passivation period leads to a smoother surface. An interesting phenomenon were discovered that the etch rate will not change with the changing of width parameter in most of the high aspect ratio silicon etch recipes when the width-depth ratio is upper than 0.34. An experiential function formula were fitted based on four parameters, including width and depth of the structure, and total etching and passivation time.
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Duignan, Mark R., and Charles A. Nash. "Experiments on Cake Development in Crossflow Filtration for High Level Waste." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-09017.
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Crossflow filtration is a key process step in many operating and planned waste treatment facilities to separate undissolved solids from supernate slurries. This separation technology generally has the advantage of self cleaning through the action of wall shear stress, which is created by the flow of waste slurry through the filter tubes. However, the ability of filter wall self cleaning depends on the slurry being filtered. Many of the alkaline radioactive wastes are extremely challenging to filtration, e.g., those containing compounds of aluminum and iron, which have particles whose size and morphology reduces permeability. Low filter flux can be a bottleneck in waste processing facilities such as the Salt Waste Processing Facility at the Savannah River Site and the Waste Treatment Plant at the Hanford Site. Any improvement to the filtration rate would lead directly to increased throughput of the entire process. To date, increased rates are generally realized by either increasing the crossflow filter axial flowrate, which is limited by pump capacity, or by increasing filter surface area, which is limited by space and increases the required pump load. In the interest of accelerating waste treatment processing, DOE has funded studies to better understand filtration with the goal of improving filter fluxes in existing crossflow equipment. The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was included in those studies, with a focus on startup techniques and filter cake development. This paper discusses those filter studies. SRNL set up both dead-end and crossflow filter tests to better understand filter performance based on filter media structure, flow conditions, and filter cleaning. Using non-radioactive simulated wastes, which were both chemically and physically similar to the actual radioactive wastes, the authors performed several tests to demonstrate increases in filter performance. With the proper use of filter flow conditions filter flow rates can be increased over rates currently realized today. This paper describes the selection of a challenging simulated waste and crossflow filter tests to demonstrate how performance can be improved over current operation.
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Pianca, Guilherme Moreno. "Le Corbusier and São Paulo – 1929: Architecture and Landscape." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.937.
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Abstract: This article looks into Le Corbusier’s urban proposal for the City of São Paulo, as formulated during his journey to South America in 1929. It highlights the relationship between Architecture and Landscape exposed by Le Corbusier’s plan. This paper sets out to investigate the analysis that the innovative Swiss architect performed of the geography and morphology of São Paulo. It contrasts to the works and plans carried out by technicians and engineers at that time. In order to explain how Le Corbusier’s treatment of nature and landscape differs from them, we study the extent to which Le Corbusier’s plans show design approaches, which were unusual in terms of Western History and Memory. He also looks into the relationship between Le Corbusier’s work, on the one hand, and new technological elements and changes in the visual culture at that time, on the other hand, thus seeking to highlight certain obscure spots within Le Corbusier’s work. This study aims at bringing forward some speculations and methods present in the work of Le Corbusier on cities. It deals with contradictory aspects in Le Corbusier’s work in order to deepen our understanding of contemporary urban problems. Resumen: Este artículo investiga la hipótesis de proyecto de Le Corbusier para la ciudad de San Pablo, propuesta durante su viaje a América Latina en 1929, focalizando en las relaciones entre arquitectura y paisaje. La primera cuestión analizada en este trabajo es el innovador análisis de la geografía y la morfología de San Pablo propuesto por el arquitecto suizo, que contrasta con la manera con que los técnicos e ingenieros locales desarrollaban sus propuestas en ese momento. Para explicar dicha diferencia en la manera de lidiar con la naturaleza y el paisaje, el autor de este articulo estudia como el trabajo de Le Corbusier presenta abordajes de proyecto inusuales para la Historia y la Memoria, y su relación con los nuevos elementos tecnológicos y de la cultura visual de la época, procurando así resaltar ciertos puntos oscuros en el trabajo del arquitecto. Esta discusión intenta cuestionar ciertas especulaciones proyectuales y metodologías de trabajo presentes en el trabajo de Le Corbusier sobre ciudades, utilizando sus aspectos contradictorios como modo de profundizar nuestro entendimiento de los problemas urbanos contemporáneos. Keywords: Modern Architecture; Modern Urbanism; Landscape Architecture; Le Corbusier; São Paulo. Palabras clave: Arquitectura Moderna; Urbanismo Moderno; Arquitectura Del Paisaje; Le Corbusier; São Paulo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.937
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Kowalska, Danuta, Paweł Iwanowski, and Agata Kowalewska. "Determination of Parametres of the Air-Void System in Airfield Pavement Concrete Using Computed Tomography." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.108.
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Immediately after completion airfield pavements begin a gradual deterioration that is attribute to several factors. One of the major elements contribute to airfield pavement deterioration is exposure to the environment (freezingthawing and de-icing salts). Air-voids microstructure in cement-based materials is an important feature related to the freeze-thaw durability of these materials since all the adverse influences are result of potentially harmful ionic fluids and aggressive gas transport through the concrete and the transport properties strongly depend on the morphology of the pores inside the concrete. For revealing the porous microstructure in airfield pavement concrete X-ray tomography method was used. New and advance methodologies have been developed to determine the basic parameters of air entrainment in concrete (total content of the air, specific surface area of the air-voids system, spacing factor and content of micropores) by summing the distances traversed across a given component along a series of regularly spaced lines in one or more planes intersecting the sample. Using the method mentioned above, to meet requirements of PN-EN 480-11 specification (describes procedure for microscopical determination of air voids characteristics in hardened concrete), the original software was applied – AVCT (Air Void by Computed Tomography) computer programme. The specimens for CT testing were cylinders extracted by drilling out from the investigated concrete core or cubic specimen. The CT method does not require any special processing of the surface of tested specimen as opposed the common method according to PN-EN 480-11, by which the properly polished section is a prerequisite for obtaining proper results of air voids characterization. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of air-voids microstructure in concrete conducted with the application of computed tomography method. Exemplary images of distribution and size of air-voids in concrete specimens have been presented. Special attention was paid to obtain effective image resolution.