Journal articles: 'Morphometrics'

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Parés-Casanova, Pere Miquel, Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño, René Alejandro Crosby-Granados, and Jannet Bentez-Molano. "A Comparison of Traditional and Geometric Morphometric Techniques for the Study of Basicranial Morphology in Horses: A Case Study of the Araucanian Horse from Colombia." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010118.

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Skull size and shape have been widely used to study domestic animal populations and breeds. Although several techniques have been proposed to quantify cranial form, few attempts have been made to compare the results obtained by different techniques. While linear morphometrics has traditionally been used in breed characterization, recent advances in geometric morphometrics have created new techniques for specifically quantifying shape and size. The objective of this study was to compare two morphometric methods for their ability to describe external morphology. For this purpose, 20 skull specimens of adult male Araucanian horses were examined. Two age categories were established (the “mature group”, M3 not fully erupted to moderately worn, n = 7; and the “senile group”, M3 totally erupted and highly worn, n = 13). Both methods showed that there were statistical differences between generations, but discrimination rates were different between methods with the geometric morphometric analysis obtaining a rate of 97.5%. Although linear morphometrics was found to be compatible with geometric morphometrics, the latter was better able to discriminate the two groups and it also provides more information on shape.

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Tripathy, Subodh Kumar. "Significance of Traditional and Advanced Morphometry to Fishery Science." Journal of Human, Earth, and Future 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hef-2020-01-03-05.

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Morphometric characters of fishes are measurable or metric characters. Morphometrics is a more or less interwoven set of large statistical procedures to analyze variability in the size and shape of organisms. Morphometrics and phylogenetics of a species are combined to utilize existing phylogeny which addresses hypotheses of shape change through evolutionary time. Morphometric differences among stocks of a species are recognized as important to evaluate population structure and form a basis to identify stocks. Advancements in morphometrics used powerful tools for testing and displaying differences in shape, isolated shape from size variation and identifying stocks of species with unique morphological characteristics enabling better management of the species. Traditional or standard morphometry has been improvised from time to time with advanced methods by technological advancements like geometric morphometrics, image analysis, principal component analysis, truss network analysis and multivariate analysis as well as many more to update knowledge and get more accurate information. These advanced methods have strengthened earlier technologies to improve upgrade fishery research throughout the globe. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2020-01-03-05 Full Text: PDF

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Nunes, Lorena A., Edilson D. de Araújo, Luis C. Marchini, and Augusta C. de C. C. Moreti. "Variation morphogeometrics of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 102, no. 3 (September 11, 2012): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212012005000002.

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The morphometrics of the honey bee Apis mellifera L., 1758 has been widely studied mainly because this species has great ecological importance, high adaptation capacity, wide distribution and capacity to effectively adapt to different regions. The current study aimed to investigate the morphometric variations of wings and pollen baskets of honey bees Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836 from the five regions in Brazil. We used geometric morphometrics to identify the existence of patterns of variations of shape and size in Africanized honey bees in Brazil 16 years after the classic study with this species, allowing a temporal and spatial comparative analysis using new technological resources to assess morphometrical data. Samples were collected in 14 locations in Brazil, covering the five geographical regions of the country. The shape analysis and multivariate analyses of the wing allowed to observe that there is a geographical pattern among the population of Apis mellifera in Brazil. The geographical variations may be attributed to the large territorial extension of the country in addition to the differences between the bioregions.

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Karhula, S. S., M. A. J. Finnilä, S. J. O. Rytky, D. M. Cooper, J. Thevenot, M. Valkealahti, K. P. H. Pritzker, et al. "Quantifying Subresolution 3D Morphology of Bone with Clinical Computed Tomography." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 48, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02374-2.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify sub-resolution trabecular bone morphometrics, which are also related to osteoarthritis (OA), from clinical resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Samples (n = 53) were harvested from human tibiae (N = 4) and femora (N = 7). Grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture and histogram-based parameters were calculated from CBCT imaged trabecular bone data, and compared with the morphometric parameters quantified from micro-computed tomography. As a reference for OA severity, histological sections were subjected to OARSI histopathological grading. GLCM and histogram parameters were correlated to bone morphometrics and OARSI individually. Furthermore, a statistical model of combined GLCM/histogram parameters was generated to estimate the bone morphometrics. Several individual histogram and GLCM parameters had strong associations with various bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.7). The most prominent correlation was observed between the histogram mean and bone volume fraction (r = 0.907). The statistical model combining GLCM and histogram-parameters resulted in even better association with bone volume fraction determined from CBCT data (adjusted R2 change = 0.047). Histopathology showed mainly moderate associations with bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.4). In conclusion, we demonstrated that GLCM- and histogram-based parameters from CBCT imaged trabecular bone (ex vivo) are associated with sub-resolution morphometrics. Our results suggest that sub-resolution morphometrics can be estimated from clinical CBCT images, associations becoming even stronger when combining histogram and GLCM-based parameters.

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O'Malley, Brian P., Joseph D. Schmitt, Jeremy P. Holden, and Brian C. Weidel. "Comparison of Specimen- and Image-Based Morphometrics for Cisco." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-029.

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Abstract Morphometric data from fish are typically generated using one of two methods: direct measurements made on a specimen or extraction of distances from a digital picture. We compared data on 12 morphometrics collected with these two methods on the same collection of Cisco Coregonus artedi from Lake Ontario, North America, to assess the degree of bias in measurements made directly on a specimen- vs. an image-based method. We also assessed the degree of reproducibility within the image-based method by evaluating the amount of variation between different analysts for each morphometric method. Our results indicate specific morphometrics may be more prone to bias across the two methods and between analysts. Four of 12 morphometrics evaluated showed significant deviation from a 1:1 relationship that would be expected if the imaged-based method produced accurate specimen-based measurements. Pelvic fin length and pelvic–anal fin distance had the highest between-analyst variation for image-based landmarks, indicating low reproducibility for these metrics, compared with pectoral fin or total length, which had lower between-analyst variation. Although some morphometric measurements can be accurately obtained with either method, and therefore potentially used interchangeably in studies on Cisco morphology, our findings highlight the importance of considering method bias in morphometric studies that use data collected by different methods.

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Bookstein, Fred. "Morphometrics." Math Horizons 3, no. 3 (February 1996): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10724117.1996.11974967.

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Rohlf, F. James. "Morphometrics." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21, no. 1 (November 1990): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001503.

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Abdollahi, Mohammad. "Analysis of Cyst and Cone Top Morphometrics of Indian Populations of Maize Cyst Nematode." Journal of Plant Protection Research 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-009-0006-4.

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Analysis of Cyst and Cone Top Morphometrics of Indian Populations of Maize Cyst NematodeHierarchical cluster analysis based on cyst and cone top morphometric means including cyst length, cyst width, cyst length to cyst width ratio, vulval slit length, vulval bridge length, vulval bridge breadth, under bridge breadth, length of fenestra, breadth of fenestra, distance from anus to fenestra and number of secondary bullae was used to learn more about cyst and cone top morphometric means and their relationships for six populations ofHeterodera zeaefrom Indore, Ludhiana, Delhi, Udaipur, Kanpur and Samastipur by using SPSS 13 for Windows computer software (SPSS Inc.). Values of proximity matrix based on cluster analysis of morphometrics and the dendrograms visually illustrated the grouping and relationships among populations. Intra specific variations in the different characters of the cone top structure revealed that Indore and Samastipur populations ofH. zeaewere different as compared to other ones ofH. zeae.Cluster analysis of cyst morphometrics showed that the populations ofH. zeaefrom Kanpur and Delhi were different as compare to other four ones.

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Martinet, Jean-Philippe, Hubert Ferté, Pacôme Sientzoff, Eva Krupa, Bruno Mathieu, and Jérôme Depaquit. "Wing Morphometrics of Aedes Mosquitoes from North-Eastern France." Insects 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12040341.

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Background: In the context of the increasing circulation of arboviruses, a simple, fast and reliable identification method for mosquitoes is needed. Geometric morphometrics have proven useful for mosquito classification and have been used around the world on known vectors such as Aedes albopictus. Morphometrics applied on French indigenous mosquitoes would prove useful in the case of autochthonous outbreaks of arboviral diseases. Methods: We applied geometric morphometric analysis on six indigenous and invasive species of the Aedes genus in order to evaluate its efficiency for mosquito classification. Results: Six species of Aedes mosquitoes (Ae. albopictus, Ae. cantans, Ae. cinereus, Ae. sticticus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. rusticus) were successfully differentiated with Canonical Variate Analysis of the Procrustes dataset of superimposed coordinates of 18 wing landmarks. Conclusions: Geometric morphometrics are effective tools for the rapid, inexpensive and reliable classification of at least six species of the Aedes genus in France.

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Silva, Inês C., Stephen J. Hawkins, and José Paula. "A comparison of population differentiation in two shore crab species with contrasting distribution along the Portuguese coast, using two morphological methodologies." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 8 (2009): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08215.

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Along the Portuguese coast, Pachygrapsus marmoratus has a continuous distribution on rocky shores. In contrast, Carcinus maenas has a discontinuous distribution, inhabiting estuaries. Surveys along a coastal latitudinal gradient were made to assess the effect of the distribution pattern on population differentiation of these two species. Population differentiation was studied using two different morphometric methodologies: linear-based morphometrics and landmark-based morphometrics. The linear-based analysis revealed no significant morphological differentiation among the eleven P. marmoratus populations. Landmark-based analysis showed that the northern and central populations were more similar in shape than the southern populations. Nevertheless, there was still some overlap in shape that could be due to the continuous distribution of P. marmoratus along the coast, promoting population panmixia. In C. maenas, both morphometric techniques revealed the existence of morphological differentiation among populations. This shape differentiation showed a clinal variation, explained by a higher degree of isolation of populations that might be due to limited larval flow between them. Environmental factors may also play an important role in causing variation of shape. Landmark-based morphometrics yielded stronger evidence of morphological differences among forms than a linear approach, suggesting that this method may be more suitable for analysis of body shape.

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Choquenot, D., and G. Saunders. "A Comparison of Three Ageing Techniques for Feral Pigs From Subalpine and Semi-Arid Habitats." Wildlife Research 20, no. 2 (1993): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930163.

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Three ageing techniques were tested on samples of wild-caught feral pigs from subalpine (n =35) and semi-arid (n =64) areas in eastern Australia, and on a sample of known-age captive feral pigs reared from stock from semi-arid areas (n =15). Techniques employed were based on morphometric relationships, patterns of tooth eruption and wear, and counts of cementum lines in permanent incisors. Cyclic seasonal conditions led to apparently annular cementum line deposition for pigs from the subalpine area. In contrast, stochastic variation in seasonal conditions led to irregular cementum line deposition in pigs from the semi-arid area and captive-reared pigs of semi-arid stock. On the assumption that cementum lines are annular in pigs from the subalpine site, patterns of tooth eruption and wear and morphometrics returned reasonably accurate age estimates, the former being more precise. Patterns of tooth eruption and wear returned reasonably accurate age estimates for known-age captivereared pigs, whereas morphometrics gave increasing underestimates of age for progressively older pigs. On the assumption that patterns of tooth eruption and wear return similarly accurate age estimates for wild pigs from the semi-arid area, morphometrics again underestimated true age. A correction to the morphometric technique to improve its accuracy for semi-arid areas is given.

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Sumruayphol, Suchada, Praphaiphat Siribat, Jean-Pierre Dujardin, Sébastien Dujardin, Chalit Komalamisra, and Urusa Thaenkham. "Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica and Fasciola intermediate forms: geometric morphometrics and an artificial neural network to help morphological identification." PeerJ 8 (February 18, 2020): e8597. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8597.

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Background Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica cause fascioliasis in both humans and livestock. Some adult specimens of Fasciola sp. referred to as “intermediate forms” based on their genetic traits, are also frequently reported. Simple morphological criteria are unreliable for their specific identification. In previous studies, promising phenotypic identification scores were obtained using morphometrics based on linear measurements (distances, angles, curves) between anatomical features. Such an approach is commonly termed “traditional” morphometrics, as opposed to “modern” morphometrics, which is based on the coordinates of anatomical points. Methods Here, we explored the possible improvements that modern methods of morphometrics, including landmark-based and outline-based approaches, could bring to solving the problem of the non-molecular identification of these parasites. F. gigantica and Fasciola intermediate forms suitable for morphometric characterization were selected from Thai strains following their molecular identification. Specimens of F. hepatica were obtained from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (UK). Using these three taxa, we tested the taxonomic signal embedded in traditional linear measurements versus the coordinates of anatomical points (landmark- and outline-based approaches). Various statistical techniques of validated reclassification were used, based on either the shortest Mahalanobis distance, the maximum likelihood, or the artificial neural network method. Results Our results revealed that both traditional and modern morphometric approaches can help in the morphological identification of Fasciola sp. We showed that the accuracy of the traditional approach could be improved by selecting a subset of characters among the most contributive ones. The influence of size on discrimination by shape was much more important in traditional than in modern analyses. In our study, the modern approach provided different results according to the type of data: satisfactory when using pseudolandmarks (outlines), less satisfactory when using landmarks. The different reclassification methods provided approximately similar scores, with a special mention to the neural network, which allowed improvements in accuracy by combining data from both morphometric approaches. Conclusion We conclude that morphometrics, whether traditional or modern, represent a valuable tool to assist in Fasciola species recognition. The general level of accuracy is comparable among the various methods, but their demands on skills and time differ. Based on the outline method, our study could provide the first description of the shape differences between species, highlighting the more globular contours of the intermediate forms.

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Slice, Dennis E. "Geometric Morphometrics." Annual Review of Anthropology 36, no. 1 (September 2007): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120613.

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Frayer, David W. "Multivariate morphometrics." Reviews in Anthropology 12, no. 4 (September 1985): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00988157.1985.9977743.

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Daly, H. V. "Insect Morphometrics." Annual Review of Entomology 30, no. 1 (January 1985): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.30.010185.002215.

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Schwab, Richard J., Sarah E. Leinwand, Cary B. Bearn, Greg Maislin, Ramya Bhat Rao, Adithya Nagaraja, Stephen Wang, and Brendan T. Keenan. "Digital Morphometrics." Chest 152, no. 2 (August 2017): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.05.005.

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Martínez-Melo, Alejandra, Efraín De Luna, and Blanca Estela Buitrón-Sánchez. "Morfometría de los equinodeos de la Familia Cassidulidae (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida)." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 1-1 (December 8, 2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1-1.31691.

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Morphometrics of echinoids in the Family Cassidulidae (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida). Cassidulidae is the type family of the order Cassiduloida, and contains five genera whose morphology has complicated their taxonomic study: Australanthus, Cassidulus, Eurhodia, Paralampas, and Rhyncholampas. Many authors have applied traditional morphometric analysis (mainly length, width, and height) with varying success. We present the first approach with geometric morphometrics (three outlines: aboral, left, and posterior). Genera Eurhodia and Paralampas are more varied than the others. For future studies, we recommend larger samples, and the inclusion of size and qualitative characters such as the ambulacra and peristome. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S233-S243. Epub 2017 November 01.

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Oxnard, Charles, and Paul O’Higgins. "Biology Clearly Needs Morphometrics. Does Morphometrics Need Biology?" Biological Theory 4, no. 1 (March 2009): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/biot.2009.4.1.84.

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Peil, Alessandra Carniato, and Rodrigo Aranda. "Potential Niche Modeling Distribution and Wing Geometric Morphometrics of Apis mellifera In The Brazilian Pantanal." Sociobiology 68, no. 2 (May 19, 2021): 5629. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v68i2.5629.

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The ecological niche models can be important for biogeographic patterns and processes and geometric morphometrics involves identifying changes that have occurred and comparing them to other specimens from different places and/or environmental conditions, assessing whether the environment is influencing such change. The present work aimed to verify the potential model of distribution for Apis mellifera and analyze if there is variation in the geometric morphometrics in wing venation in the Pantanal. We followed the hypothesis that there is variation in the geometric morphometrics of wings and that the geographically closest groups are more similar. For niche modeling, 44 geographical points and 19 bioclimatic variables were used. For morphometrics, twenty-two anatomical landmarks were plotted at the intersection of the veins. The X and Y coordinates were standardized through Procrustes superimposition, and PCA and MANOVA tests were performed. The predictive model indicated that the center of the Pantanal plain shows the greater probability of occurrence for the species. The most important bioclimatic variables were: average temperature in the rainiest quarter (84%) and average annual temperature (72%). Morphometric analyzes indicate that there was variation between the most distant geographic points. The slight variation between some closely located points in the Pantanal can be related to individual reflections of colonies from other points, since the species has great dispersion capacity. Thus, the distribution of A. mellifera in the Pantanal is possibly related to temperature also accompanied by human occupation and the geometric morphometrics of its wings reflecting aspects of dispersion and population dynamics in the Brazilian Pantanal.

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Christodoulou, Maria D., and Alastair Culham. "When do apples stop growing, and why does it matter?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0252288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252288.

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Apples in the commercial food chain are harvested up to two weeks before maturity. We explore apple fruit development through the growing season to establish the point at which physical features differentiating those cultivars become evident. This is relevant both for the understanding of the growing process and to ensure that any identification and classification tools can be used both on ripened-on-tree and stored fruit. Current literature presents some contradictory findings on apple growth, we studied 12 apple cultivars in the Brogdale National Fruit Collection, UK over two seasons to establish patterns of growth. Fruit were sampled at regular time points throughout the growing season and four morphometrics (maximum length, maximum diameter, weight, and centroid size) were collected. These were regressed against growing degree days in order to appropriately describe the growth pattern observed. All four morphometrics were adequately described using log-log linear regressions, with adjusted R2 estimates ranging from 78.3% (maximum length) to 86.7% (weight). For all four morphometrics, a 10% increase in growing degree days was associated with a 1% increase in the morphometric. Our findings refine previous work presenting rapid early growth followed by a plateau in later stages of development and contrast with published expo-linear models. We established that apples harvested for commercial storage purposes, two weeks prior to maturity, showed only a modest decrease in size compared with ripened-on-tree fruit, demonstrating that size morphometric approaches are appropriate for classification of apple fruit at point of harvest.

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Doucet, Marcelo, Pierre Baujard, Jorge Pinochet, Julio Di Rienzo, and Paola Lax. "Temperature-induced morphometrical variability in an isolate of Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)." Nematology 3, no. 1 (2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101300106829.

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AbstractThe influence of temperature on morphometrical variability of females and males of an isolate of Pratylenchus vulnus was studied. Nematodes were reared monoxenically on carrot disk cultures and incubated for 4 months at 16, 21, 25 and 28°C. The morphometrics of several characters were significantly affected depending on sex and temperature. It is concluded that temperature can significantly influence several morphometrical characters of P.vulnus.

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Ahmed, Ridwan Olawale, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Johar Arifin, and Semiu Folaniyi Bello. "Morphometrics characterization in White Fulani, Muturu and Pasundan cows." Livestock and Animal Research 19, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/lar.v19i3.51661.

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Objective: This study was aimed to characterize three different cattle breeds based on the morphometrics.Methods: Five (5) morphometrics which include body length (BL), chest girth (CG), withers height (WH), rump length (RL) and chest depth (CD) were measured in each animal. A total of 119 cows belonging to White Fulani (40 heads), Muturu (40 heads) and Pasundan (39 heads) were used in this study. The age of animal study was 20.93±1.62 months (White Fulani), 21.63±1.75 months (Muturu) and 20.46±2.99 months (Pasundan). Hence, two statistical methods of canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods were computed in this study to characterize of animals based on their morphometrics using SPSS 16.0 package.Results: Mostly the morphometrics of White Fulani and Pasundan cows are similar while those of Muturu are significantly lower than the two other breeds. Four morphometric measurements of CG, RL, BL and WH were identified as a discriminator variables in animal study based on the CDA method. The CDA of morphometrics able to classify 85% (White Fulani), 100% (Muturu) and 74.4% (Pasundan) of the animal into their original breed group.Conclusions: The closeness between observations from White Fulani and Pasundan might be due to them being both Zebu (Bos indicus) unlike the Muturu with a type breed of Bos bracycheros.

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ONG, YIN SING, and SING TUNG TENG. "Morphological Characterisation and Documentation of Freshwater Macrophytes in Pontian, Johor's Water." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4140.2022.

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Freshwater macrophytes exist in varied life forms for example, emergent, submerged, floating-leaved and free-floating, and some of them have a heterophylly or multiple forms. The intraspecific variation in terms of morphology is common phenomena in macrophytes population; however, specific studies on morphology of freshwater macrophytes are still insufficient, especially in Pontian, Johor. Hence, this study aimed to characterise the freshwater macrophytes based on morphometrics and descriptive characteristics as well as to document their diversity and population. Thus, the morphometric measurements were done, the descriptive characteristics were documented in scientific photographs, the population of freshwater macrophytes was also estimated by using quadrat estimation technique. Additionally, the morphometrics of some collected samples were compared with the same sample in other studies to show the variation in the range of different measurements, the descriptive characteristics were also described as well as the population estimation assessed by area coverage was analysed in the form of statistical chart. The finding in this study showed variation in morphometric data and no intraspecific variation on phenotype of freshwater macrophytes in Pontian, Johor’s water.

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Rahagiyanto, Angga, Bakhtiyar Hadi Prakoso, and M. Adhyatma. "A Prototype of Raspberry Pi Camera Morphometric Measurements on Sheep Using Digital Image Processing." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 980, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/980/1/012064.

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Abstract Quantitative data are needed to identify and predict opportunities for increasing livestock productivity. The increase in livestock productivity can be assessed from the dimensions of the body of the livestock by measuring directly using morphometric. Morphometric data is an important parameter used to study livestock anatomy, productivity, growth rate, and performance quality of livestock. This research is focused on how to make a prototype development of a camera tool that can measure livestock morphometrics at a distance. The Camera use in mini camera with a raspberry pi as a microcontroller. And method to process the capture of data is Artificial Neural Network that downloaded from tensor flow. The result of this experiment show that the accuracy of the system is 50%. However, the camera has not been able to identify the object of farm animals correctly. There are several livestock objects detected as dog or cat. For the future work the library must be modified so it can only detect the sheep or goat so the morphometrics can be done.

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Kerschbaumer, Michaela, and Christian Sturmbauer. "The Utility of Geometric Morphometrics to Elucidate Pathways of Cichlid Fish Evolution." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (May 26, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/290245.

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Fishes of the family Cichlidae are famous for their spectacular species flocks and therefore constitute a model system for the study of the pathways of adaptive radiation. Their radiation is connected to trophic specialization, manifested in dentition, head morphology, and body shape. Geometric morphometric methods have been established as efficient tools to quantify such differences in overall body shape or in particular morphological structures and meanwhile found wide application in evolutionary biology. As a common feature, these approaches define and analyze coordinates of anatomical landmarks, rather than traditional counts or measurements. Geometric morphometric methods have several merits compared to traditional morphometrics, particularly for the distinction and analysis of closely related entities. Cichlid evolutionary research benefits from the efficiency of data acquisition, the manifold opportunities of analyses, and the potential to visualize shape changes of those landmark-based methods. This paper briefly introduces to the concepts and methods of geometric morphometrics and presents a selection of publications where those techniques have been successfully applied to various aspects of cichlid fish diversification.

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Li, H., T. Guillemaud, B. W. French, U. Kuhlmann, and S. Toepfer. "Phenotypic trait changes in laboratory – reared colonies of the maize herbivore, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 1 (November 22, 2013): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531300059x.

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AbstractThe North American and European maize pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was used to assess whether conditions of the natal field, subsequent laboratory rearing, or genetic population origin affect phenotypic traits of fitness, activity, or morphometrics. Standardized laboratory bioassays with large sample sizes revealed that none of the 16 tested traits, except crawling behaviours, appeared consistently stable across all seven tested colonies. Environmental conditions in the natal field of the F0 generation affected trait averages of the subsequently reared F1 generation in laboratory in ca. 47% of cases, and trait variability in 67% of cases. This was apparent for fitness and morphometrics, but less obvious for activity traits. Early generation laboratory rearing affected trait averages in ca. 56% of cases: morphometrics changed; fecundity and egg survival increased from F1 to F2. Trait variability increased or decreased in 38% of cases. Laboratory rearing for over more than 190 generations affected the trait averages in 60% of cases, reflected by decreases in flight activity and increases in body size, weight, and fecundity to some extent. It had little effect on trait variability, especially so for morphometric variability. The genetic population origin affected average levels of 55% and variability of 63% of phenotypic traits. A comparison among D. v. virgifera studies might be difficult if they use different populations or laboratory colonies. It is advised to consider possible effects of original field conditions, laboratory rearing, and population genetics when planning comparative studies targeting fitness, activity, or morphometric questions regarding Diabrotica species.

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John Lu, Z. Q. "Morphometrics with R." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 172, no. 4 (October 2009): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2009.00614_6.x.

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ROHLF, F. "Geometric morphometrics simplified." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20, no. 1 (January 2005): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.005.

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Rousseau, P., P. J. Vorster, and A. E. Van Wyk. "Morphometrics in Encephalartos." South African Journal of Botany 98 (May 2015): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.03.115.

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Thompson, Jennifer L., and Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi. "Advances in morphometrics." Human Evolution 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02438141.

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James Rohlf, F., and Leslie F. Marcus. "A revolution morphometrics." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8, no. 4 (April 1993): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-j.

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Dean, David. "Morphometrics and Michaelangelo." Journal of Human Evolution 27, no. 5 (November 1994): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1062.

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Walker, Jeff. "A new morphometrics?" Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 3, no. 2 (June 2, 2005): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.1360030202.

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Saranya, M., J. S. Kennedy, S. Jeyarani, R. Anandham, and N. Bharathi. "Life cycle and morphometry of Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleyrodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on coconut." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, SI (July 19, 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13isi.2807.

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The present study investigated the biology and morphometric analysis of rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), Aleyrodicus rugioperculatus on coconut under mini net house condition at Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University-Coimbatore during 2019-2020. The biology of rugose spiralling whitefly was studied by clip cage method and morphometrics were done using Leica image analyser. Total lifecycle of rugose spiraling whitefly was 56.23 ± 2.20 days. Developmental period of egg, nymphal, pupal and adult period was 8.47 ± 0.26, 17.46 ± 0.76, 10.30 ± 0.29 and 20.00 ± 1.00 days, respectively. In morphometrics, Length and width of egg (0.31 ± 0.01 mm and 0.11± 0.02 mm), nymphal (0.94 ± 0.01 mm and 0.82 ± 0.01 mm), pupal (1.23 ± 0.01 mm and 1.00 ± 0.01 mm) was recorded. A nymphal parasitoid, Encarsia guadeloupae can be potential natural enemy for effective management of rugose spiraling whitefly.

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Christie, Anna I., Andrew P. Colefax, and Daniele Cagnazzi. "Feasibility of Using Small UAVs to Derive Morphometric Measurements of Australian Snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and Humpback (Sousa sahulensis) Dolphins." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010021.

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Analysis of animal morphometrics can provide vital information regarding population dynamics, structure, and body condition of cetaceans. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become the primary tool to collect morphometric measurements on whales, whereas on free ranging small dolphins, have not yet been applied. This study assesses the feasibility of obtaining reliable body morphometrics from Australian snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and humpback dolphins (Sousa sahulensis) using images collected from UAVs. Specifically, using a dolphin replica of known size, we tested the effect of the altitude of the UAV and the position of the animal within the image frame on the accuracy of length estimates. Using linear mixed models, we further assessed the precision of the total length estimates of humpback and snubfin dolphins. The precision of length estimates on the replica increased by ~2% when images were sampled at 45–60 m compared with 15–30 m. However, the precision of total length estimates on dolphins was significantly influenced only by the degree of arch and edge certainty. Overall, we obtained total length estimates with a precision of ~3% and consistent with published data. This study demonstrates the reliability of using UAV based images to obtain morphometrics of small dolphin species, such as snubfin and humpback dolphins.

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Utkualp, Nevin, and Ilker Ercan. "Anthropometric Measurements Usage in Medical Sciences." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/404261.

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Morphometry is introduced as quantitative approach to seek information concerning variations and changes in the forms of organisms that described the relationship between the human body and disease. Scientists of all civilization, who existed until today, examined the human body using anthropometric methods. For these reasons, anthropometric data are used in many contexts to screen for or monitor disease. Anthropometry, a branch of morphometry, is the study of the size and shape of the components of biological forms and their variations in populations. Morphometrics can also be defined as the quantitative analysis of biological forms. The field has developed rapidly over the last two decades to the extent that we now distinguish between traditional morphometrics and the more recent geometric morphometrics. Advances in imaging technology have resulted in the protection of a greater amount of morphological information and have permitted the analysis of this information. The oldest and most commonly used of these methods is radiography. With developments in this area, CT and MRI have also been started to be used in screening of the internal organs. Morphometric measurements that are used in medicine, are widely used in the diagnosis and the follow-up and the treatment of the disease, today. In addition, in cosmetology use of these new measurements is increasing every day.

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Xu, Hao, and George W. Bassel. "Linking Genes to Shape in Plants Using Morphometrics." Annual Review of Genetics 54, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-022620-094553.

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A transition from qualitative to quantitative descriptors of morphology has been facilitated through the growing field of morphometrics, representing the conversion of shapes and patterns into numbers. The analysis of plant form at the macromorphological scale using morphometric approaches quantifies what is commonly referred to as a phenotype. Quantitative phenotypic analysis of individuals with contrasting genotypes in turn provides a means to establish links between genes and shapes. The path from a gene to a morphological phenotype is, however, not direct, with instructive information progressing both across multiple scales of biological complexity and through nonintuitive feedback, such as mechanical signals. In this review, we explore morphometric approaches used to perform whole-plant phenotyping and quantitative approaches in capture processes in the mesoscales, which bridge the gaps between genes and shapes in plants. Quantitative frameworks involving both the computational simulation and the discretization of data into networks provide a putative path to predicting emergent shape from underlying genetic programs.

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Bal, Habib, Telat Yanik, and Dilek Türker. "Assessment of morphological variation between stocks of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Pomatomidae), in the Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and Sea of Marmara." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.63319.

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The population structure of the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766), in Turkish waters is scarcely described in the literature. To identify any distinct population units of bluefish, and reaffirm the findings of a previous study, four areas were selected: the Aegean Sea, western Black Sea, eastern Black Sea, and the Sea of Marmara. In this study, truss network morphometrics, meristics, and otolith shape analyses were successfully applied for different population identification of the bluefish. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed no differences for truss network morphometrics, meristic, and otolith shape characters between males and females. Hence, both sexes were combined for the discriminant function (DFA) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Using univariate ANOVA based on the stepwise method revealed a highly significant difference among different locations for each truss-morphometrics and otolith shape characters. Furthermore, six out of seven meristic characters also showed significant differences between different areas. Based on PCA, 25 out of 27 truss-morphometric characters had a loading value above 0.70, which was considered significant in this study. The results of DFA show clear patterns of truss-morphometric character variations, forming four distinct clusters that were well separated from each other, indicating the existence of four morphologically differentiated populations of the bluefish. The proportion of the correctly classified Aegean Sea, western Black Sea, and eastern Black Sea bluefish samples to their original groups were 100%, demonstrating clear separation of these stocks from each other. Whereas up to 5% of the total samples of the Sea of Marmara were incorrectly classified, assigning to the eastern Black Sea. These findings were supported by meristic and otolith shape characters that also indicated four morphologically differentiated populations of the bluefish. However, their overall proportion of correct classification was relatively lower than the truss-morphometric traits method. The findings suggest the requirement of strategic assessment and management of each bluefish stock separately to use them sustainably in the future.

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Burnell, Amy, Sean Collins, and Bruce A. Young. "Vertebral morphometrics in Varanus." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183, no. 2 (2012): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.183.2.151.

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Abstract The forces acting on the vertebral column of varanid lizards differ greatly during swimming and walking. To examine the long-term impact of these forces, the dorsal vertebrae of terrestrial and aquatic species of Varanus were compared using 3-D laser scanning and morphometric analysis. There were significant differences between the two groups in vertebral anatomical features, particularly in the articular surfaces. Further analysis demonstrated that the dorsal vertebrae could be significantly divided into three groups of nearly equal size: the sternal group (dorsal vertebrae 1–7), the middle group (dorsal vertebrae 8–14), and the pelvic group (dorsal vertebrae 15–22). Within each of these groups there was significant differences between the terrestrial and aquatic species; these differences were least in the more conserved sternal region and greatest in the highly variable pelvic region. The results suggest that vertebral morphometrics can be used as a tool to further delineate the habitat preferences of extinct varanoid lizards, and could serve to highlight the functional transitions between terrestrial and aquatic species.

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Harode, Hemant Ashish, and S. D. Gupta. "A morphometric study of the foramen magnum in dry human skulls." International journal of health sciences 6, S1 (March 19, 2022): 1219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4872.

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Background: The foramen magnum is a large opening in the posterior aspect of the base of the skull, its appearance will be helpful. This study aimed to evaluate morphometrics of the foramen magnum in the dry human skull in central Indian populations, knowledge of these morphometric values is useful for the researcher. Material & Methods: In this study 60 dry human skulls of unknown sex were studied in the LN Medical College, Bhopal where morphometrics of foramen magnums like anteroposterior & transverse diameter and Index was observed. Results: The results obtained from the skulls along with the foramen magnum were statistically analyzed where the anteroposterior diameter is 34.41 mm, transverse diameter is 29.24mm & Index is 1.17 were noted. Conclusion: Based on the different parameters of the foramen magnum values this study will be useful for clinicians, joint biomechanics, ergonomics, physical therapy & rehabilitation.

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Goswami, Anjali, Akinobu Watanabe, Ryan N. Felice, Carla Bardua, Anne-Claire Fabre, and P. David Polly. "High-Density Morphometric Analysis of Shape and Integration: The Good, the Bad, and the Not-Really-a-Problem." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz120.

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Abstract The field of comparative morphology has entered a new phase with the rapid generation of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) data. With freely available 3D data of thousands of species, methods for quantifying morphology that harness this rich phenotypic information are quickly emerging. Among these techniques, high-density geometric morphometric approaches provide a powerful and versatile framework to robustly characterize shape and phenotypic integration, the covariances among morphological traits. These methods are particularly useful for analyses of complex structures and across disparate taxa, which may share few landmarks of unambiguous homology. However, high-density geometric morphometrics also brings challenges, for example, with statistical, but not biological, covariances imposed by placement and sliding of semilandmarks and registration methods such as Procrustes superimposition. Here, we present simulations and case studies of high-density datasets for squamates, birds, and caecilians that exemplify the promise and challenges of high-dimensional analyses of phenotypic integration and modularity. We assess: (1) the relative merits of “big” high-density geometric morphometrics data over traditional shape data; (2) the impact of Procrustes superimposition on analyses of integration and modularity; and (3) differences in patterns of integration between analyses using high-density geometric morphometrics and those using discrete landmarks. We demonstrate that for many skull regions, 20–30 landmarks and/or semilandmarks are needed to accurately characterize their shape variation, and landmark-only analyses do a particularly poor job of capturing shape variation in vault and rostrum bones. Procrustes superimposition can mask modularity, especially when landmarks covary in parallel directions, but this effect decreases with more biologically complex covariance patterns. The directional effect of landmark variation on the position of the centroid affects recovery of covariance patterns more than landmark number does. Landmark-only and landmark-plus-sliding-semilandmark analyses of integration are generally congruent in overall pattern of integration, but landmark-only analyses tend to show higher integration between adjacent bones, especially when landmarks placed on the sutures between bones introduces a boundary bias. Allometry may be a stronger influence on patterns of integration in landmark-only analyses, which show stronger integration prior to removal of allometric effects compared to analyses including semilandmarks. High-density geometric morphometrics has its challenges and drawbacks, but our analyses of simulated and empirical datasets demonstrate that these potential issues are unlikely to obscure genuine biological signal. Rather, high-density geometric morphometric data exceed traditional landmark-based methods in characterization of morphology and allow more nuanced comparisons across disparate taxa. Combined with the rapid increases in 3D data availability, high-density morphometric approaches have immense potential to propel a new class of studies of comparative morphology and phenotypic integration.

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García-Lau, I., A. González, A. Jiménez, M. Acosta, and L. Mugica. "Razón de sexos y morfometría de Calidris minutilla (Aves, Scolopacidae) en Cuba: un análisis a partir de especímenes en colecciones científicas." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35, no. 1 (June 2012): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2012.35.0051.

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Sex ratio and morphometrics of Calidris minutilla (Aves, Scolopacidae) in Cuba: an analysis of specimens in scientific collections Calidris minutilla (Least Sandpiper) populations exhibit morphometric variation across breeding and wintering sites. We documented sex ratio (N = 99) and morphological measurements (N = 49) of Least Sandpiper inhabiting Cuba using specimens in museum collections. We also assessed bill length variation in relation to the longitude (degrees) and type of coastal zone where sampling was conducted. Proportion of female was 0.47 and morphometric measurements were within the range described for the species. Differences in bill length were explained by sex but not by sampling site characteristics.

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Fernando, Muhammad Zebi, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi, and Aras Mulyadi. "Comparative Morphometric Rhizophora ApiculataFlower and Fruit in Two Areas with Anthropogenic Activities in West Dumai Coastal, Dumai City, Riau Province." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 19, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.19.1.23-28.

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Morphometrics is a field that deals with variations and changes in the form (size and shape) of an organism or object. Anthropogenic is a human activity not only limited to the use or utilization of coastal resources, but also can be restorative and protective, thus causing complex disruption. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphometric differences of the flowers and fruits of R.apiculata mangroves in two regions with different anthropogenic activities in the mangrove ecosystem of Dumai City. This research was carried out in September 2019. From the results of the study it was found that in areas polluted by anthropogenic activity the average morphometrics of fruit (length and width) and leaves (length, width and length of the stems) Rhizophora apiculata were lower than those in the area not polluted by anthropogenic activity. At station I the oil content ranged from 0,0975 to 0,1251 ppm classified as polluted and at station II ranged from 0,072 to 0,111 ppm classified as not polluted.

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Vitkovic, Nikola, Ljiljana Radovic, Miroslav Trajanovic, and Miodrag Manic. "3d point cloud model of human bio form created by the application of geometric morphometrics and method of anatomical features: human tibia example." Filomat 33, no. 4 (2019): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1904217v.

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Morphometrics refers to the quantitative analysis of a biological form and it can be used to describe its shape. Common types of geometric morphometrics are Landmark-based Geometric Morphometrics which describe shape by using anatomical landmarks (e.g. points), and Outline-based geometric morphometrics which uses envelope curves to describe shape of the biological form (e.g. bone), and they are not absolutely exclusive. Geometric morphometrics can be used for the creation of statistical models which represent shape variation of specific bio form. In this paper, novel application of geometric morphometrics for the creation of personalized models of unique bio-forms, i.e. models which are created for the specific patient is presented. Personalized model is defined as 3D point cloud model of biological form (in this case human tibia). Positions of points in 3D space are determined by using set of parametric functions defined by applying geometrical morphometrics, morphology properties and statistical analysis on the input set of human tibia samples. By using this technique, anatomically correct and geometrically accurate personalized models of bio forms can be created and used in pre, intra, and post-operative procedures in clinical practice.

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Christodoulou, Maria D., Jonathan Y. Clark, and Alastair Culham. "The Cinderella discipline: morphometrics and their use in botanical classification." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 194, no. 4 (September 3, 2020): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa055.

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Abstract Between the 1960s and the present day, the use of morphology in plant taxonomy suffered a major decline, in part driven by the apparent superiority of DNA-based approaches to data generation. However, in recent years computer image recognition has re-kindled the interest in morphological techniques. Linear or geometric morphometric approaches have been employed to distinguish and classify a wide variety of organisms; each has strengths and weaknesses. Here we review these approaches with a focus on plant classification and present a case for the combination of morphometrics with statistical/machine learning. There are many classification techniques available for biological analysis and selecting the most appropriate is not trivial. Performance should be evaluated using standardized metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The gathering and storage of high-resolution images, combined with the processing power of desktop computers, makes morphometric approaches practical as a time- and cost-efficient way of non-destructive identification of plant samples.

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Jensen, Richard J. "The Conundrum of Morphometrics." Taxon 52, no. 4 (November 2003): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3647340.

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Jensen, Richard J. "The conundrum of morphometrics." TAXON 52, no. 4 (November 2003): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4135538.

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Reyment, R. A., F. L. Bookstein, B. Chernoff, R. L. Elder, J. M. Humphries, G. R. Smith, and R. E. Strauss. "Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology." Biometrics 42, no. 4 (December 1986): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2530720.

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Healy, M. J. R., R. A. Reyment, R. E. Blackith, and N. A. Campbell. "Multivariate Morphometrics, 2nd Edition." Biometrics 41, no. 3 (September 1985): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2531304.

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Felley, James D., F. L. Bookstein, B. Chernoff, R. L. Elder, J. M. Humphries, G. R. Smith, and R. E. Strauss. "Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology." Copeia 1988, no. 4 (December 28, 1988): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1445752.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Morphometrics'

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