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1

Parés-Casanova, Pere Miquel, Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño, René Alejandro Crosby-Granados, and Jannet Bentez-Molano. "A Comparison of Traditional and Geometric Morphometric Techniques for the Study of Basicranial Morphology in Horses: A Case Study of the Araucanian Horse from Colombia." Animals 10, no. 1 (2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010118.

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Skull size and shape have been widely used to study domestic animal populations and breeds. Although several techniques have been proposed to quantify cranial form, few attempts have been made to compare the results obtained by different techniques. While linear morphometrics has traditionally been used in breed characterization, recent advances in geometric morphometrics have created new techniques for specifically quantifying shape and size. The objective of this study was to compare two morphometric methods for their ability to describe external morphology. For this purpose, 20 skull specimens of adult male Araucanian horses were examined. Two age categories were established (the “mature group”, M3 not fully erupted to moderately worn, n = 7; and the “senile group”, M3 totally erupted and highly worn, n = 13). Both methods showed that there were statistical differences between generations, but discrimination rates were different between methods with the geometric morphometric analysis obtaining a rate of 97.5%. Although linear morphometrics was found to be compatible with geometric morphometrics, the latter was better able to discriminate the two groups and it also provides more information on shape.
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Tripathy, Subodh Kumar. "Significance of Traditional and Advanced Morphometry to Fishery Science." Journal of Human, Earth, and Future 1, no. 3 (2020): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hef-2020-01-03-05.

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Morphometric characters of fishes are measurable or metric characters. Morphometrics is a more or less interwoven set of large statistical procedures to analyze variability in the size and shape of organisms. Morphometrics and phylogenetics of a species are combined to utilize existing phylogeny which addresses hypotheses of shape change through evolutionary time. Morphometric differences among stocks of a species are recognized as important to evaluate population structure and form a basis to identify stocks. Advancements in morphometrics used powerful tools for testing and displaying differences in shape, isolated shape from size variation and identifying stocks of species with unique morphological characteristics enabling better management of the species. Traditional or standard morphometry has been improvised from time to time with advanced methods by technological advancements like geometric morphometrics, image analysis, principal component analysis, truss network analysis and multivariate analysis as well as many more to update knowledge and get more accurate information. These advanced methods have strengthened earlier technologies to improve upgrade fishery research throughout the globe. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2020-01-03-05 Full Text: PDF
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3

Karhula, S. S., M. A. J. Finnilä, S. J. O. Rytky, et al. "Quantifying Subresolution 3D Morphology of Bone with Clinical Computed Tomography." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 48, no. 2 (2019): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02374-2.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify sub-resolution trabecular bone morphometrics, which are also related to osteoarthritis (OA), from clinical resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Samples (n = 53) were harvested from human tibiae (N = 4) and femora (N = 7). Grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture and histogram-based parameters were calculated from CBCT imaged trabecular bone data, and compared with the morphometric parameters quantified from micro-computed tomography. As a reference for OA severity, histological sections were subjected to OARSI histopathological grading. GLCM and histogram parameters were correlated to bone morphometrics and OARSI individually. Furthermore, a statistical model of combined GLCM/histogram parameters was generated to estimate the bone morphometrics. Several individual histogram and GLCM parameters had strong associations with various bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.7). The most prominent correlation was observed between the histogram mean and bone volume fraction (r = 0.907). The statistical model combining GLCM and histogram-parameters resulted in even better association with bone volume fraction determined from CBCT data (adjusted R2 change = 0.047). Histopathology showed mainly moderate associations with bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.4). In conclusion, we demonstrated that GLCM- and histogram-based parameters from CBCT imaged trabecular bone (ex vivo) are associated with sub-resolution morphometrics. Our results suggest that sub-resolution morphometrics can be estimated from clinical CBCT images, associations becoming even stronger when combining histogram and GLCM-based parameters.
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4

Nunes, Lorena A., Edilson D. de Araújo, Luis C. Marchini, and Augusta C. de C. C. Moreti. "Variation morphogeometrics of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 102, no. 3 (2012): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212012005000002.

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The morphometrics of the honey bee Apis mellifera L., 1758 has been widely studied mainly because this species has great ecological importance, high adaptation capacity, wide distribution and capacity to effectively adapt to different regions. The current study aimed to investigate the morphometric variations of wings and pollen baskets of honey bees Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836 from the five regions in Brazil. We used geometric morphometrics to identify the existence of patterns of variations of shape and size in Africanized honey bees in Brazil 16 years after the classic study with this species, allowing a temporal and spatial comparative analysis using new technological resources to assess morphometrical data. Samples were collected in 14 locations in Brazil, covering the five geographical regions of the country. The shape analysis and multivariate analyses of the wing allowed to observe that there is a geographical pattern among the population of Apis mellifera in Brazil. The geographical variations may be attributed to the large territorial extension of the country in addition to the differences between the bioregions.
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Putri, Anggi Dhafana, Abdunnur Abdunnur, and Muhammad Syahrir Ramang. "Morphometric study of southern velvet shrimp (Metapenaeopsis palmensis) captured during the night in the waters of Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara Regency." Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Tropis Nusantara (Nusantara Tropical Fisheries Science Journal) 3, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.30872/jipt.v3i1.643.

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Southern valvet shrimp (M. palmensis) is one of the shrimps with the Penaidae family, morphometric measurements are carried out in order to see the things that affect the shape of the species. This study aimed to provide information about the morphometric study of South valvet shrimp (M. palmensis) caught in the waters of Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara. This research was conducted in Samboja Waters, Kutai Kartanegara, in November-Desember 2022. The sample used was 250 Southern valvet shrimp (M. palmensis). Morphometric studies on Southern valvet shrimp (M. palmensis) used analysis with the analysis of covariant (ANCOVA) test to see the 18 morphometric covariates that affect the total length (PTO). Based on the results of the analysis of the ANOVA univariate test, it was found that 18 morphometrics had a significant value < 0.05 which means H1 was accepted, that all morphometrics affect PTO. Furthermore, the ANCOVA analysis was carried out, the results were 9 morphometrics which had sig <0.05, namely, head length (PK), length of the fourth internode (PRE), length of the sixth internode (PRN), headless length (PTK), length of the third lower segment (PTB), length of the fourth lower segment (PEB), length of the fifth lower segment (PLB), length of the sixth lower segment (PNB) and length of the tail (PE). Based on the results of the ANCOVA test. the most significant morphometric that influenced PTO was the 9 morphometry.
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Rahimah, Aji Nanda Fauziah, Abdunnur Abdunnur, and Muhammad Syahrir Ramang. "Morphometric of spear shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii) captured during the night in the waters of Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara." Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Tropis Nusantara (Nusantara Tropical Fisheries Science Journal) 3, no. 1 (2024): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.30872/jipt.v3i1.642.

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Spear shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii) is one of the shrimps with the Penaidae family, morphometric measurements are carried out in order to see the things that affect the shape of the species. This study aimed to provide information about the morphometric study of Spear shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii) caught in the waters of Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara. This research was conducted in Samboja Waters, Kutai Kartanegara, in November-Desember 2022. The sample used was 250 Spear shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii). Morphometric studies on Spear shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii) used analysis with the analysis of covariant (ANCOVA) test to see the 18 morphometric covariates that affect the total length (PTO). Based on the results of the analysis of the ANOVA univariate test, it was found that 18 morphometrics had a significant value < 0.05 which means H1 was accepted, that all morphometrics affect PTO. Furthermore, the ANCOVA analysis was carried out, the results were 9 morphometrics which had sig <0.05, namely, head length (PK), length of the fourth internode (PRE), length of the sixth internode (PRN), headless length (PTK), length of the third lower segment (PTB), length of the fourth lower segment (PEB), length of the fifth lower segment (PLB), length of the sixth lower segment (PNB) and length of the tail (PE). Based on the results of the ANCOVA test. the most significant morphometric that influenced PTO was the 9 morphometry.
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7

Wardani, Nor Aisyah, Muhammad R. Syahrir, and Paulus Taru. "STUDI MORFOMETRIK UDANG CENDANA (Metapenaeus brevicornis) YANG TERTANGKAP DI PERAIRAN SAMBOJA KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA." Tropical Aquatic Sciences 1, no. 2 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/tas.v1i2.633.

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Yellow Shrimp (M. brevicornis) is a type of shrimp caught by Samboja fishermen which has a fairly high economic value. This study aims to provide information about the morphomorphological study of Yellow Shrimp (M. brevicornis) caught in the waters of Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara. This research was conducted in the waters of Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara, in November-December 2021, the sample used was 300 Yellow Shrimp (M. brevicornis). Morphometric study onmorphometric study Yellow Shrimp (M. brevicornis) using analysis with analysis of covariance test (ANCOVA) to see 20 morphometric covariates that affect total length (PTO). Based on the results of the analysis of the univariate ANOVA test, it is known that 20 morphometrics have a sig value <0.05, which means that H1 is accepted, that all morphometrics have an effect on PTO. Furthermore, ancova analysis was performed, obtained 5 morphometrics that have sig < 0.05, namely head length (PK), first segment length (PRP), telson length (TLS), lower head length (PKB) and tail length (PE), so from the results of the ancova test analysis showed that the most significant morphometric effect on PTO was 5 morphometers.
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8

O'Malley, Brian P., Joseph D. Schmitt, Jeremy P. Holden, and Brian C. Weidel. "Comparison of Specimen- and Image-Based Morphometrics for Cisco." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (2020): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-029.

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Abstract Morphometric data from fish are typically generated using one of two methods: direct measurements made on a specimen or extraction of distances from a digital picture. We compared data on 12 morphometrics collected with these two methods on the same collection of Cisco Coregonus artedi from Lake Ontario, North America, to assess the degree of bias in measurements made directly on a specimen- vs. an image-based method. We also assessed the degree of reproducibility within the image-based method by evaluating the amount of variation between different analysts for each morphometric method. Our results indicate specific morphometrics may be more prone to bias across the two methods and between analysts. Four of 12 morphometrics evaluated showed significant deviation from a 1:1 relationship that would be expected if the imaged-based method produced accurate specimen-based measurements. Pelvic fin length and pelvic–anal fin distance had the highest between-analyst variation for image-based landmarks, indicating low reproducibility for these metrics, compared with pectoral fin or total length, which had lower between-analyst variation. Although some morphometric measurements can be accurately obtained with either method, and therefore potentially used interchangeably in studies on Cisco morphology, our findings highlight the importance of considering method bias in morphometric studies that use data collected by different methods.
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Abdollahi, Mohammad. "Analysis of Cyst and Cone Top Morphometrics of Indian Populations of Maize Cyst Nematode." Journal of Plant Protection Research 49, no. 1 (2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-009-0006-4.

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Analysis of Cyst and Cone Top Morphometrics of Indian Populations of Maize Cyst NematodeHierarchical cluster analysis based on cyst and cone top morphometric means including cyst length, cyst width, cyst length to cyst width ratio, vulval slit length, vulval bridge length, vulval bridge breadth, under bridge breadth, length of fenestra, breadth of fenestra, distance from anus to fenestra and number of secondary bullae was used to learn more about cyst and cone top morphometric means and their relationships for six populations ofHeterodera zeaefrom Indore, Ludhiana, Delhi, Udaipur, Kanpur and Samastipur by using SPSS 13 for Windows computer software (SPSS Inc.). Values of proximity matrix based on cluster analysis of morphometrics and the dendrograms visually illustrated the grouping and relationships among populations. Intra specific variations in the different characters of the cone top structure revealed that Indore and Samastipur populations ofH. zeaewere different as compared to other ones ofH. zeae.Cluster analysis of cyst morphometrics showed that the populations ofH. zeaefrom Kanpur and Delhi were different as compare to other four ones.
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10

Pintaka Bayu Putra, Widya, and Fiqy Hilmawan. "PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) OF BODY MEASUREMENTS IN MALE SWAMP BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis) OF INDONESIA." Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 16, no. 1 (2022): 70–79. https://doi.org/10.71336/jabs.872.

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This study was carried out to determine principal component analysis (PCA) in 18 morphometrics of male swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Central Java Province, Indonesia. A total of 44 animals were used in this study and separated into two groups of age i.e. 2PPI (2.0 - 3.5 years ages) with 24 animals and 3PPI (3.5 - 4.0 years age) with 20 animals. This study showed that five principal components (PC) of morphometric traits were found in both group and explained about 70% of the total variance in each ages group. Six morphometrics: ossa vertebrae cervicale length (OVCL), ossa vertebrae thoracic length (OVTL), os humerus length (OHL), ossa radius ulna length (ORUL), os femoris length (OFL), ossa tibia-fibula length (OTFL) were described as the first component (PC1) for 2PPI animals. Meanwhile, four morphometrics: os metatarsals length (OML), withers height (WH), chest depth (CD), hip height (HH) were showed as the PC1 for 2PPI animals. It was concluded that the general performance of WH, CD, HH can be used as morphometric selection criteria for swamp buffalo bulls at 3-4 years of age.
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11

Bookstein, Fred. "Morphometrics." Math Horizons 3, no. 3 (1996): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10724117.1996.11974967.

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12

Rohlf, F. James. "Morphometrics." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21, no. 1 (1990): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001503.

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13

Restuningsih, Feby Dwi, Roza Elvyra, and Haryono Haryono. "Karakteristik Morfometrik Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1823 di Indonesia." JURNAL BIOS LOGOS 13, no. 2 (2023): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.v13i2.48688.

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Hampala macrolepidota is a native fish in Indonesia that has potential as an ornamental fish and a consumption fish. The research aims were to determine the geographical classifying of fish and to analyze morphometric characteristics of H.macrolepidota morphology. The research was conducted at Fish Biosystematics Laboratory, Biosystematics and Evolution Research Center-BRIN Cibinong. Sample measured were 371 wet-preserved specimens of H. macrolepidota from various water lotic and lentic habitats in Indonesia using standard morphometric and truss morphometric methods. The collected data was analyzed using significance test with Wilk’s Lambda. Research result showed there is a tendency standard morphometrics is more accurate than truss morphometrics for classified H.macrolepidota according to their distribution area in Indonesia. This shows that H. macrolepidota on the islands of Sumatera, Jawa, and Kalimantan have a high similarity is due to the fact that the three islands are part of the Sunda Shelf.
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Martinet, Jean-Philippe, Hubert Ferté, Pacôme Sientzoff, Eva Krupa, Bruno Mathieu, and Jérôme Depaquit. "Wing Morphometrics of Aedes Mosquitoes from North-Eastern France." Insects 12, no. 4 (2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12040341.

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Background: In the context of the increasing circulation of arboviruses, a simple, fast and reliable identification method for mosquitoes is needed. Geometric morphometrics have proven useful for mosquito classification and have been used around the world on known vectors such as Aedes albopictus. Morphometrics applied on French indigenous mosquitoes would prove useful in the case of autochthonous outbreaks of arboviral diseases. Methods: We applied geometric morphometric analysis on six indigenous and invasive species of the Aedes genus in order to evaluate its efficiency for mosquito classification. Results: Six species of Aedes mosquitoes (Ae. albopictus, Ae. cantans, Ae. cinereus, Ae. sticticus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. rusticus) were successfully differentiated with Canonical Variate Analysis of the Procrustes dataset of superimposed coordinates of 18 wing landmarks. Conclusions: Geometric morphometrics are effective tools for the rapid, inexpensive and reliable classification of at least six species of the Aedes genus in France.
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Kilmaskossu, Johanis Paulus, Fajar Ria Dwi Natalia Sianipar, Slamet Arif Susanto, Paskalina Theresia Lefaan, Emmanuel Manangkalangi, and Agatha Cecilia Maturbongs. "Morphometric Analysis of Seagrass Halophila ovalis in the Coastal Waters of Manokwari." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 25, no. 2 (2025): 1583–90. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8797.

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Pressure on coastal water conditions in Manokwari caused by human activities can affect the morphometric adaptation of seagrass plants, one of which is Halophila ovalis. The study aimed to analyze the morphometric differences of Halophila ovalis caused by differences in environmental factors on several coastal areas in Manokwari. A total of 20 samples of H. ovalis were taken from each of the beaches studied and then four morphological characters were measured. Morphometric data of H. ovalis between locations were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), then continued with non-multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. The results showed that there were changes in the morphometrics of H. ovalis from the four research locations. Specifically, it was found that the H. ovalis with the most different morphology came from Rendani Beach. NMDS analysis shows that the morphometrics of H. ovalis on Rendani Beach are separate from from Yenkarwar, Wosi and Saubeba Beaches. The NMDS model was explain 74.19% of the morphometric diversity influenced by environmental parameters such as water temperature, substrate conditions, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen levels. We concluded that there had been morphometric changes in the seagrass H. ovalis in several coastal waters in Manokwari.
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Silva, Inês C., Stephen J. Hawkins, and José Paula. "A comparison of population differentiation in two shore crab species with contrasting distribution along the Portuguese coast, using two morphological methodologies." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 8 (2009): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08215.

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Along the Portuguese coast, Pachygrapsus marmoratus has a continuous distribution on rocky shores. In contrast, Carcinus maenas has a discontinuous distribution, inhabiting estuaries. Surveys along a coastal latitudinal gradient were made to assess the effect of the distribution pattern on population differentiation of these two species. Population differentiation was studied using two different morphometric methodologies: linear-based morphometrics and landmark-based morphometrics. The linear-based analysis revealed no significant morphological differentiation among the eleven P. marmoratus populations. Landmark-based analysis showed that the northern and central populations were more similar in shape than the southern populations. Nevertheless, there was still some overlap in shape that could be due to the continuous distribution of P. marmoratus along the coast, promoting population panmixia. In C. maenas, both morphometric techniques revealed the existence of morphological differentiation among populations. This shape differentiation showed a clinal variation, explained by a higher degree of isolation of populations that might be due to limited larval flow between them. Environmental factors may also play an important role in causing variation of shape. Landmark-based morphometrics yielded stronger evidence of morphological differences among forms than a linear approach, suggesting that this method may be more suitable for analysis of body shape.
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Choquenot, D., and G. Saunders. "A Comparison of Three Ageing Techniques for Feral Pigs From Subalpine and Semi-Arid Habitats." Wildlife Research 20, no. 2 (1993): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930163.

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Three ageing techniques were tested on samples of wild-caught feral pigs from subalpine (n =35) and semi-arid (n =64) areas in eastern Australia, and on a sample of known-age captive feral pigs reared from stock from semi-arid areas (n =15). Techniques employed were based on morphometric relationships, patterns of tooth eruption and wear, and counts of cementum lines in permanent incisors. Cyclic seasonal conditions led to apparently annular cementum line deposition for pigs from the subalpine area. In contrast, stochastic variation in seasonal conditions led to irregular cementum line deposition in pigs from the semi-arid area and captive-reared pigs of semi-arid stock. On the assumption that cementum lines are annular in pigs from the subalpine site, patterns of tooth eruption and wear and morphometrics returned reasonably accurate age estimates, the former being more precise. Patterns of tooth eruption and wear returned reasonably accurate age estimates for known-age captivereared pigs, whereas morphometrics gave increasing underestimates of age for progressively older pigs. On the assumption that patterns of tooth eruption and wear return similarly accurate age estimates for wild pigs from the semi-arid area, morphometrics again underestimated true age. A correction to the morphometric technique to improve its accuracy for semi-arid areas is given.
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Ačanski, Jelena, Ana Grkovic, and Ante Vujić. "An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics – genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study." European Journal of Taxonomy 910 (December 8, 2023): 98–114. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10301968.

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Detection of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species implies using an integrative taxonomic approach with a combination of molecular, contemporary morphological, ecological and other relevant analyses. Within a contemporary morphological analysis, two approaches are commonly used in hoverfly taxonomy: a geometric morphometric analysis of the wing and surstyle shape. Here, the importance of the R4+5 vein shape is tested in cryptic species delimitation within four Merodon species groups using linear and semilandmark geometric morphometric analyses. As expected, geometric morphometrics showed a stronger resolution compared to linear morphometrics. Linear morphometrics failed to detect differences related to sexual dimorphism or differences among the species M. pruni and M. obscurus. However, all cryptic species and sexes were separated with high significance based on the R4+5 vein shape. Moreover, obtained results concurred with the landmark-defined wing shape and molecular results published in previous studies. Additionally, combining two characters, the semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and the landmark-defined wing shape, provided more detailed and precise insights into the shape differences. Our results showed that the R4+5 vein shape stands out as an important character in species delimitation of hoverflies where the sinuation of this vein is present. Therefore, it can be beneficial as a single character or in combination with a landmark-based wing shape analysis.
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Hikmah, Nur, Hayatun Nufus, Syahrial Syahrial, Riri Ezraneti, and Rika Astuti. "Sharks and rays at Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Lampulo, Banda Aceh, Indonesia: Morphometric characteristics and differentiators based on multivariate analysis." Journal of Marine Studies 1, no. 2 (2024): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/joms.v1i2.17630.

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Tropical marine environments are abundant and diverse; therefore, shark and ray research at fishing port PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City was carried out focusing on morphometric characteristics and differences based on multivariate analysis in July 2020 to identify sharks and rays that landed at fishing port PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City and determine their primary characteristics. The shark and ray samples used were from the Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait and measured total length (TL), fork length (FL), and standard length (SL) for sharks and disc width (DW), TL, and disc length (DL) for rays. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were performed on the morphometric data. The PCA analysis revealed that sharks and rays caught in Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Lampulo, Banda Aceh City, can be divided into two distinct groups. The first group of sharks consists of species with large FL and SL morphometrics, namely P. kamoharai, C. plumbeus, P. glauca, and A. superciliosus. The second group of sharks consists of species with large TL morphometrics, specifically A. pelagicus and C. plumbeus. For the ray group, the first group comprises species with large TL and DW morphometrics, represented by A. ocellatus. The second group of rays consists of species with large DL morphometrics, namely P. sephen and H. jenkinsii. The results of DA revealed distinct differences in the size of sharks caught in the Indian Ocean and the Strait of Malacca, specifically in PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City. However, no significant differences in size were observed for the rays, regardless of whether their size was measured using DW, TL, or DL.
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Buruiană, Alexandra, Mircea-Sebastian Şerbănescu, Bogdan Pop, et al. "Nuclear morphology explained through digital morphometry: differentiating nuclear features across the three histological grades in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma." Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 65, no. 3 (2024): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47162/rjme.65.3.04.

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Introduction: The accurate grading of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is crucial for effective treatment and patient care, but the current method, relying on pathologist visual assessment, can be subjective. Aim: This study aimed to quantitatively investigate nuclear morphometrics in cSCC tumor cells, specifically examining potential differences between established histological grades and exploring the utility of digital morphometrics in characterizing nuclear morphology. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 47 cSCC cases, utilizing whole slide images and CellProfiler software to extract nuclear morphometric features from a total of 519 828 nuclei. Results: The results showed significant differences in nuclear size, shape, and spatial arrangement between different tumor grades. Notably, grade 3 tumors exhibited distinct characteristics compared to grades 1 and 2, suggesting a potential shift towards a simplified, 2-tier grading system. Conclusions: The study highlights the potential of digital morphometrics as a valuable tool for enhancing the accuracy and objectivity of cSCC grading, ultimately improving patient care.
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Sumruayphol, Suchada, Praphaiphat Siribat, Jean-Pierre Dujardin, Sébastien Dujardin, Chalit Komalamisra, and Urusa Thaenkham. "Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica and Fasciola intermediate forms: geometric morphometrics and an artificial neural network to help morphological identification." PeerJ 8 (February 18, 2020): e8597. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8597.

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Background Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica cause fascioliasis in both humans and livestock. Some adult specimens of Fasciola sp. referred to as “intermediate forms” based on their genetic traits, are also frequently reported. Simple morphological criteria are unreliable for their specific identification. In previous studies, promising phenotypic identification scores were obtained using morphometrics based on linear measurements (distances, angles, curves) between anatomical features. Such an approach is commonly termed “traditional” morphometrics, as opposed to “modern” morphometrics, which is based on the coordinates of anatomical points. Methods Here, we explored the possible improvements that modern methods of morphometrics, including landmark-based and outline-based approaches, could bring to solving the problem of the non-molecular identification of these parasites. F. gigantica and Fasciola intermediate forms suitable for morphometric characterization were selected from Thai strains following their molecular identification. Specimens of F. hepatica were obtained from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (UK). Using these three taxa, we tested the taxonomic signal embedded in traditional linear measurements versus the coordinates of anatomical points (landmark- and outline-based approaches). Various statistical techniques of validated reclassification were used, based on either the shortest Mahalanobis distance, the maximum likelihood, or the artificial neural network method. Results Our results revealed that both traditional and modern morphometric approaches can help in the morphological identification of Fasciola sp. We showed that the accuracy of the traditional approach could be improved by selecting a subset of characters among the most contributive ones. The influence of size on discrimination by shape was much more important in traditional than in modern analyses. In our study, the modern approach provided different results according to the type of data: satisfactory when using pseudolandmarks (outlines), less satisfactory when using landmarks. The different reclassification methods provided approximately similar scores, with a special mention to the neural network, which allowed improvements in accuracy by combining data from both morphometric approaches. Conclusion We conclude that morphometrics, whether traditional or modern, represent a valuable tool to assist in Fasciola species recognition. The general level of accuracy is comparable among the various methods, but their demands on skills and time differ. Based on the outline method, our study could provide the first description of the shape differences between species, highlighting the more globular contours of the intermediate forms.
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Martínez-Melo, Alejandra, Efraín De Luna, and Blanca Estela Buitrón-Sánchez. "Morfometría de los equinodeos de la Familia Cassidulidae (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida)." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 1-1 (2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1-1.31691.

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Morphometrics of echinoids in the Family Cassidulidae (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida). Cassidulidae is the type family of the order Cassiduloida, and contains five genera whose morphology has complicated their taxonomic study: Australanthus, Cassidulus, Eurhodia, Paralampas, and Rhyncholampas. Many authors have applied traditional morphometric analysis (mainly length, width, and height) with varying success. We present the first approach with geometric morphometrics (three outlines: aboral, left, and posterior). Genera Eurhodia and Paralampas are more varied than the others. For future studies, we recommend larger samples, and the inclusion of size and qualitative characters such as the ambulacra and peristome. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S233-S243. Epub 2017 November 01.
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Peil, Alessandra Carniato, and Rodrigo Aranda. "Potential Niche Modeling Distribution and Wing Geometric Morphometrics of Apis mellifera In The Brazilian Pantanal." Sociobiology 68, no. 2 (2021): 5629. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v68i2.5629.

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The ecological niche models can be important for biogeographic patterns and processes and geometric morphometrics involves identifying changes that have occurred and comparing them to other specimens from different places and/or environmental conditions, assessing whether the environment is influencing such change. The present work aimed to verify the potential model of distribution for Apis mellifera and analyze if there is variation in the geometric morphometrics in wing venation in the Pantanal. We followed the hypothesis that there is variation in the geometric morphometrics of wings and that the geographically closest groups are more similar. For niche modeling, 44 geographical points and 19 bioclimatic variables were used. For morphometrics, twenty-two anatomical landmarks were plotted at the intersection of the veins. The X and Y coordinates were standardized through Procrustes superimposition, and PCA and MANOVA tests were performed. The predictive model indicated that the center of the Pantanal plain shows the greater probability of occurrence for the species. The most important bioclimatic variables were: average temperature in the rainiest quarter (84%) and average annual temperature (72%). Morphometric analyzes indicate that there was variation between the most distant geographic points. The slight variation between some closely located points in the Pantanal can be related to individual reflections of colonies from other points, since the species has great dispersion capacity. Thus, the distribution of A. mellifera in the Pantanal is possibly related to temperature also accompanied by human occupation and the geometric morphometrics of its wings reflecting aspects of dispersion and population dynamics in the Brazilian Pantanal.
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Slice, Dennis E. "Geometric Morphometrics." Annual Review of Anthropology 36, no. 1 (2007): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120613.

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Frayer, David W. "Multivariate morphometrics." Reviews in Anthropology 12, no. 4 (1985): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00988157.1985.9977743.

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Daly, H. V. "Insect Morphometrics." Annual Review of Entomology 30, no. 1 (1985): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.30.010185.002215.

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Schwab, Richard J., Sarah E. Leinwand, Cary B. Bearn, et al. "Digital Morphometrics." Chest 152, no. 2 (2017): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.05.005.

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Oxnard, Charles, and Paul O’Higgins. "Biology Clearly Needs Morphometrics. Does Morphometrics Need Biology?" Biological Theory 4, no. 1 (2009): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/biot.2009.4.1.84.

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Christodoulou, Maria D., and Alastair Culham. "When do apples stop growing, and why does it matter?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252288.

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Apples in the commercial food chain are harvested up to two weeks before maturity. We explore apple fruit development through the growing season to establish the point at which physical features differentiating those cultivars become evident. This is relevant both for the understanding of the growing process and to ensure that any identification and classification tools can be used both on ripened-on-tree and stored fruit. Current literature presents some contradictory findings on apple growth, we studied 12 apple cultivars in the Brogdale National Fruit Collection, UK over two seasons to establish patterns of growth. Fruit were sampled at regular time points throughout the growing season and four morphometrics (maximum length, maximum diameter, weight, and centroid size) were collected. These were regressed against growing degree days in order to appropriately describe the growth pattern observed. All four morphometrics were adequately described using log-log linear regressions, with adjusted R2 estimates ranging from 78.3% (maximum length) to 86.7% (weight). For all four morphometrics, a 10% increase in growing degree days was associated with a 1% increase in the morphometric. Our findings refine previous work presenting rapid early growth followed by a plateau in later stages of development and contrast with published expo-linear models. We established that apples harvested for commercial storage purposes, two weeks prior to maturity, showed only a modest decrease in size compared with ripened-on-tree fruit, demonstrating that size morphometric approaches are appropriate for classification of apple fruit at point of harvest.
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Doucet, Marcelo, Pierre Baujard, Jorge Pinochet, Julio Di Rienzo, and Paola Lax. "Temperature-induced morphometrical variability in an isolate of Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)." Nematology 3, no. 1 (2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101300106829.

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AbstractThe influence of temperature on morphometrical variability of females and males of an isolate of Pratylenchus vulnus was studied. Nematodes were reared monoxenically on carrot disk cultures and incubated for 4 months at 16, 21, 25 and 28°C. The morphometrics of several characters were significantly affected depending on sex and temperature. It is concluded that temperature can significantly influence several morphometrical characters of P.vulnus.
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Ahmed, Ridwan Olawale, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Johar Arifin, and Semiu Folaniyi Bello. "Morphometrics characterization in White Fulani, Muturu and Pasundan cows." Livestock and Animal Research 19, no. 3 (2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/lar.v19i3.51661.

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<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed to characterize three different cattle breeds based on the morphometrics.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Five (5) morphometrics which include body length (BL), chest girth (CG), withers height (WH), rump length (RL) and chest depth (CD) were measured in each animal. A total of 119 cows belonging to White Fulani (40 heads), Muturu (40 heads) and Pasundan (39 heads) were used in this study. The age of animal study was 20.93±1.62 months (White Fulani), 21.63±1.75 months (Muturu) and 20.46±2.99 months (Pasundan). Hence, two statistical methods of canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods were computed in this study to characterize of animals based on their morphometrics using SPSS 16.0 package.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Mostly<strong> </strong>the morphometrics of White Fulani and Pasundan cows are similar while those of Muturu are significantly lower than the two other breeds. Four morphometric measurements of CG, RL, BL and WH were identified as a discriminator variables in animal study based on the CDA method. The CDA of morphometrics able to classify 85% (White Fulani), 100% (Muturu) and 74.4% (Pasundan) of the animal into their original breed group.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The closeness between observations from White Fulani and Pasundan might be due to them being both Zebu (<em>Bos indicus</em>) unlike the Muturu with a type breed of <em>Bos bracycheros</em>.<strong></strong></p>
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ONG, YIN SING, and SING TUNG TENG. "Morphological Characterisation and Documentation of Freshwater Macrophytes in Pontian, Johor's Water." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4140.2022.

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Freshwater macrophytes exist in varied life forms for example, emergent, submerged, floating-leaved and free-floating, and some of them have a heterophylly or multiple forms. The intraspecific variation in terms of morphology is common phenomena in macrophytes population; however, specific studies on morphology of freshwater macrophytes are still insufficient, especially in Pontian, Johor. Hence, this study aimed to characterise the freshwater macrophytes based on morphometrics and descriptive characteristics as well as to document their diversity and population. Thus, the morphometric measurements were done, the descriptive characteristics were documented in scientific photographs, the population of freshwater macrophytes was also estimated by using quadrat estimation technique. Additionally, the morphometrics of some collected samples were compared with the same sample in other studies to show the variation in the range of different measurements, the descriptive characteristics were also described as well as the population estimation assessed by area coverage was analysed in the form of statistical chart. The finding in this study showed variation in morphometric data and no intraspecific variation on phenotype of freshwater macrophytes in Pontian, Johor’s water.
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Rahagiyanto, Angga, Bakhtiyar Hadi Prakoso, and M. Adhyatma. "A Prototype of Raspberry Pi Camera Morphometric Measurements on Sheep Using Digital Image Processing." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 980, no. 1 (2022): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/980/1/012064.

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Abstract Quantitative data are needed to identify and predict opportunities for increasing livestock productivity. The increase in livestock productivity can be assessed from the dimensions of the body of the livestock by measuring directly using morphometric. Morphometric data is an important parameter used to study livestock anatomy, productivity, growth rate, and performance quality of livestock. This research is focused on how to make a prototype development of a camera tool that can measure livestock morphometrics at a distance. The Camera use in mini camera with a raspberry pi as a microcontroller. And method to process the capture of data is Artificial Neural Network that downloaded from tensor flow. The result of this experiment show that the accuracy of the system is 50%. However, the camera has not been able to identify the object of farm animals correctly. There are several livestock objects detected as dog or cat. For the future work the library must be modified so it can only detect the sheep or goat so the morphometrics can be done.
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Kerschbaumer, Michaela, and Christian Sturmbauer. "The Utility of Geometric Morphometrics to Elucidate Pathways of Cichlid Fish Evolution." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (May 26, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/290245.

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Fishes of the family Cichlidae are famous for their spectacular species flocks and therefore constitute a model system for the study of the pathways of adaptive radiation. Their radiation is connected to trophic specialization, manifested in dentition, head morphology, and body shape. Geometric morphometric methods have been established as efficient tools to quantify such differences in overall body shape or in particular morphological structures and meanwhile found wide application in evolutionary biology. As a common feature, these approaches define and analyze coordinates of anatomical landmarks, rather than traditional counts or measurements. Geometric morphometric methods have several merits compared to traditional morphometrics, particularly for the distinction and analysis of closely related entities. Cichlid evolutionary research benefits from the efficiency of data acquisition, the manifold opportunities of analyses, and the potential to visualize shape changes of those landmark-based methods. This paper briefly introduces to the concepts and methods of geometric morphometrics and presents a selection of publications where those techniques have been successfully applied to various aspects of cichlid fish diversification.
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Li, H., T. Guillemaud, B. W. French, U. Kuhlmann, and S. Toepfer. "Phenotypic trait changes in laboratory – reared colonies of the maize herbivore, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 1 (2013): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531300059x.

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AbstractThe North American and European maize pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was used to assess whether conditions of the natal field, subsequent laboratory rearing, or genetic population origin affect phenotypic traits of fitness, activity, or morphometrics. Standardized laboratory bioassays with large sample sizes revealed that none of the 16 tested traits, except crawling behaviours, appeared consistently stable across all seven tested colonies. Environmental conditions in the natal field of the F0 generation affected trait averages of the subsequently reared F1 generation in laboratory in ca. 47% of cases, and trait variability in 67% of cases. This was apparent for fitness and morphometrics, but less obvious for activity traits. Early generation laboratory rearing affected trait averages in ca. 56% of cases: morphometrics changed; fecundity and egg survival increased from F1 to F2. Trait variability increased or decreased in 38% of cases. Laboratory rearing for over more than 190 generations affected the trait averages in 60% of cases, reflected by decreases in flight activity and increases in body size, weight, and fecundity to some extent. It had little effect on trait variability, especially so for morphometric variability. The genetic population origin affected average levels of 55% and variability of 63% of phenotypic traits. A comparison among D. v. virgifera studies might be difficult if they use different populations or laboratory colonies. It is advised to consider possible effects of original field conditions, laboratory rearing, and population genetics when planning comparative studies targeting fitness, activity, or morphometric questions regarding Diabrotica species.
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Zhao, Zhongning, Lucas Thibedi, Mphalile Mokone, and Neil Heideman. "A morphometric exploration of the taxonomic utility of scale osteoderms in southern African fossorial skinks (Acontinae, Acontias)." Zoosystematics and Evolution 101, no. 3 (2025): 1163–75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.138671.

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This study investigates the morphometric variation of osteoderms across species and populations within the genus Acontias, especially in the A. meleagris species complex. Using both univariate and multivariate analyses, we evaluated whether size-independent osteoderm morphometrics could effectively differentiate taxa, particularly where minimal genetic divergence is present (i.e., cases where morphologically diagnosable species show little genetic separation). Univariate analysis revealed some significant morphometric variation across osteoderm regions, with sub-regions C and D showing the highest discriminatory power. Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA), demonstrated the complementary strengths of ratio-based and studentized linearized residuals (SLRs)-based metrics. Ratio-based analyses were more effective in distinguishing genetic species, while SLRs-based analyses captured finer-scale population differences. The combined approach improved classification accuracy, underscoring the value of integrating multiple morphometric methods. Our results suggest that osteoderm morphometrics provide valuable supplementary data for species delimitation and may help resolve taxonomic boundaries within Acontias and possibly other lizards. However, the limited ability to differentiate morphs and populations in some cases highlights the need for additional data, such as environmental or behavioral traits. The findings have the potential to improve taxonomic resolution among skinks and contribute to broader taxonomic frameworks in herpetological systematics.
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Fola-Matthews, Omolara Opeyemi, Olufemi Olukolajo Soyinka, and Aderonke Omolara Lawal-Are. "Biometrics of the Common Smooth-Hound Shark, Mustelus mustelus from Landing Sites of Lagos and Ondo Coasts (Nigeria)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 26, no. 1 (2024): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2024-0006.

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Abstract This study investigates the biometrics of the common smooth-hound shark, Mustelus mustelus, from fish landing sites of the Lagos and Ondo Coasts. Morphometric measurements and meristic counts were used on 1,018 specimens to analyze morphometric differentiations. Significant sex-based differences were found across various morphometric traits, with phenotypically separable populations observed between locations. Bray-Curtis analysis categorized morphometrics into four groups based on similar characteristics. Principal component analysis identified three components, with PC1 dominated by chondrocranium and gill slit measurements, PC2 by gill slit and fin origin measurements, and PC3 by snout and fin origin measurements.
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38

Saranya, M., J. S. Kennedy, S. Jeyarani, R. Anandham, and N. Bharathi. "Life cycle and morphometry of Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleyrodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on coconut." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, SI (2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13isi.2807.

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The present study investigated the biology and morphometric analysis of rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), Aleyrodicus rugioperculatus on coconut under mini net house condition at Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University-Coimbatore during 2019-2020. The biology of rugose spiralling whitefly was studied by clip cage method and morphometrics were done using Leica image analyser. Total lifecycle of rugose spiraling whitefly was 56.23 ± 2.20 days. Developmental period of egg, nymphal, pupal and adult period was 8.47 ± 0.26, 17.46 ± 0.76, 10.30 ± 0.29 and 20.00 ± 1.00 days, respectively. In morphometrics, Length and width of egg (0.31 ± 0.01 mm and 0.11± 0.02 mm), nymphal (0.94 ± 0.01 mm and 0.82 ± 0.01 mm), pupal (1.23 ± 0.01 mm and 1.00 ± 0.01 mm) was recorded. A nymphal parasitoid, Encarsia guadeloupae can be potential natural enemy for effective management of rugose spiraling whitefly.
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Siahaya, Chalvin Salmon, Prelly Marsell Jolanda Tuapattinaya, and Stevin Melay. "DIVERSITY PHENETICS OF TYPES SEAGRASS IN VILLAGE POKA BEACH MALUKU BASED ON MORPHOMETRICS." RUMPHIUS Pattimura Biological Journal 4, no. 2 (2022): 062–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/rumphiusv4i2p062-066.

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This research aims to determine the phenetic diversity of seagrass species in the coastal waters of Poka Village based on morphometrics. This research is a type of descriptive research, in which morphometric measurements are carried out to determine the phenetic diversity of seagrass species. Meanwhile, for kinship relationships between seagrasses. Software is used past 4.0. The results of this research were that four types of seagrass were found, namely Thalasssia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Halophila pinifolia and Halophila ovalis. This indicates that the Poka Village beach has a high phenetic diversity of seagrass species with varying morphometrics for each character and type, which is influenced by the type of substrate and environmental parameters. Seagrasses that are closely related, namely, Thalasssia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides are in one monophyletic group (ingroup) and are very closely related. Likewise with Halodule pinifolia and Halophila ovalis.
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Christie, Anna I., Andrew P. Colefax, and Daniele Cagnazzi. "Feasibility of Using Small UAVs to Derive Morphometric Measurements of Australian Snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and Humpback (Sousa sahulensis) Dolphins." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010021.

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Analysis of animal morphometrics can provide vital information regarding population dynamics, structure, and body condition of cetaceans. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become the primary tool to collect morphometric measurements on whales, whereas on free ranging small dolphins, have not yet been applied. This study assesses the feasibility of obtaining reliable body morphometrics from Australian snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and humpback dolphins (Sousa sahulensis) using images collected from UAVs. Specifically, using a dolphin replica of known size, we tested the effect of the altitude of the UAV and the position of the animal within the image frame on the accuracy of length estimates. Using linear mixed models, we further assessed the precision of the total length estimates of humpback and snubfin dolphins. The precision of length estimates on the replica increased by ~2% when images were sampled at 45–60 m compared with 15–30 m. However, the precision of total length estimates on dolphins was significantly influenced only by the degree of arch and edge certainty. Overall, we obtained total length estimates with a precision of ~3% and consistent with published data. This study demonstrates the reliability of using UAV based images to obtain morphometrics of small dolphin species, such as snubfin and humpback dolphins.
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Utkualp, Nevin, and Ilker Ercan. "Anthropometric Measurements Usage in Medical Sciences." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/404261.

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Morphometry is introduced as quantitative approach to seek information concerning variations and changes in the forms of organisms that described the relationship between the human body and disease. Scientists of all civilization, who existed until today, examined the human body using anthropometric methods. For these reasons, anthropometric data are used in many contexts to screen for or monitor disease. Anthropometry, a branch of morphometry, is the study of the size and shape of the components of biological forms and their variations in populations. Morphometrics can also be defined as the quantitative analysis of biological forms. The field has developed rapidly over the last two decades to the extent that we now distinguish between traditional morphometrics and the more recent geometric morphometrics. Advances in imaging technology have resulted in the protection of a greater amount of morphological information and have permitted the analysis of this information. The oldest and most commonly used of these methods is radiography. With developments in this area, CT and MRI have also been started to be used in screening of the internal organs. Morphometric measurements that are used in medicine, are widely used in the diagnosis and the follow-up and the treatment of the disease, today. In addition, in cosmetology use of these new measurements is increasing every day.
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Oktavia, Intan, Ni Luh Watiniasih, and I. K. Putra Juliantara. "Morphology, morphometrics, and growth pattern of lemuru fish (Sardinella sp.) landed at TPI Kedonganan, Jimbaran, Bali." Jurnal Biologi Udayana 28, no. 2 (2025): 195. https://doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2024.v28.i02.p03.

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Indonesia, a nation predominated by water, earning it the designation of a maritime country. It boasts a rich variety of marine life, including numerous fish species. The Bali Waters, part of Indonesia's marine territory, are home to a diverse range of fish species. Lemuru (Sardinella sp.) is a common fish group found in the southern waters of Bali. These lemuru are typically landed at the Kedonganan Fish Landing Site. Fish residing in specific regions often exhibit unique morphometrics and growth patterns. The objective of this study is to delineate the morphological characteristics and morphometrics of the lemuru fish and to ascertain its growth pattern. Employing direct observation, this research measured variables such as fish morphology, morphometrics encompassing 15 characters, and the growth pattern of the lemuru. Findings reveal that the lemuru's morphological traits observed include a torpedo-like body shape (fusiform), a terminal mouth position, cycloid scales, and a bifurcated caudal fin. The morphometric measurements of lemuru found that the average total length of the fish was of 14.63 cm, so belongs protolan group. The growth pattern analysis of lemuru fish landed at Kedonganan landing site has a b value of 3.4906 (b>3) which means that the growth pattern of lemuru found in Bali sea water is positive allometric.
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Zulkharnaim, Zulkharnaim, Syahdar Baba, Lellah Rahim, et al. "Morphometric Characteristics of Polled Bali Cattle Calves as New Local Beef Cattle in Indonesia." JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU 12, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v12i1.p1-13.

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This study aimed to determine the morphometric performance of polled Bali cattle aged 12-15 months and the influence of the cows on the morphometrics of breeding cattle.The research material consisted of 120 head Bali cattle divided into 40 head polled cattle, 40 head with horns, and 40 cows with horns. The study was conducted in Barru District, South Sulawesi Province. The study parameters consisted of withers height, body length, and heart girth. The data were statistically analyzed using the independent sample t-test, and the effect of the morphometrics of the cows on the calves was analyzed using simple regression analysis. Measurement data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics application. The results showed a very significant difference in the body length of polled and horned males (p<0.01). Significant differences were also found in withers height and body length between polled and horned female calves (p<0.01). Polled Bali cattle aged 12-15 months have a larger morphometric size than those with horns. It is hoped that identifying the superiority of polled Bali cattle will continue at different age statuses to compile information as material for the Indonesian National Standard for hornless Bali cattle.
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Van, Cann Joannes, Massimiliano Virgilio, Kurt Jordaens, and Meyer Marc De. "Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae)." ZooKeys 540 (November 26, 2015): 489–506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724.

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Previous attempts to resolve the Ceratitis FAR complex (C. fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa, Diptera, Tephritidae) showed contrasting results and revealed the occurrence of five microsatellite genotypic clusters (A, F1, F2, R1, R2). In this paper we explore the potential of wing morphometrics for the diagnosis of FAR morphospecies and genotypic clusters. We considered a set of 227 specimens previously morphologically identified and genotyped at 16 microsatellite loci. Seventeen wing landmarks and 6 wing band areas were used for morphometric analyses. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance detected significant differences both across morphospecies and genotypic clusters (for both males and females). Unconstrained and constrained ordinations did not properly resolve groups corresponding to morphospecies or genotypic clusters. However, posterior group membership probabilities (PGMPs) of the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) allowed the consistent identification of a relevant proportion of specimens (but with performances differing across morphospecies and genotypic clusters). This study suggests that wing morphometrics and PGMPs might represent a possible tool for the diagnosis of species within the FAR complex. Here, we propose a tentative diagnostic method and provide a first reference library of morphometric measures that might be used for the identification of additional and unidentified FAR specimens.
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John Lu, Z. Q. "Morphometrics with R." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 172, no. 4 (2009): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2009.00614_6.x.

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ROHLF, F. "Geometric morphometrics simplified." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20, no. 1 (2005): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.005.

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Rousseau, P., P. J. Vorster, and A. E. Van Wyk. "Morphometrics in Encephalartos." South African Journal of Botany 98 (May 2015): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.03.115.

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Thompson, Jennifer L., and Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi. "Advances in morphometrics." Human Evolution 9, no. 1 (1994): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02438141.

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James Rohlf, F., and Leslie F. Marcus. "A revolution morphometrics." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8, no. 4 (1993): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-j.

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Dean, David. "Morphometrics and Michaelangelo." Journal of Human Evolution 27, no. 5 (1994): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1062.

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