Academic literature on the topic 'Morphometrie comparee'
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Journal articles on the topic "Morphometrie comparee"
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Abdollahi, Mohammad. "Analysis of Cyst and Cone Top Morphometrics of Indian Populations of Maize Cyst Nematode." Journal of Plant Protection Research 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-009-0006-4.
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Analysis of Cyst and Cone Top Morphometrics of Indian Populations of Maize Cyst NematodeHierarchical cluster analysis based on cyst and cone top morphometric means including cyst length, cyst width, cyst length to cyst width ratio, vulval slit length, vulval bridge length, vulval bridge breadth, under bridge breadth, length of fenestra, breadth of fenestra, distance from anus to fenestra and number of secondary bullae was used to learn more about cyst and cone top morphometric means and their relationships for six populations ofHeterodera zeaefrom Indore, Ludhiana, Delhi, Udaipur, Kanpur and Samastipur by using SPSS 13 for Windows computer software (SPSS Inc.). Values of proximity matrix based on cluster analysis of morphometrics and the dendrograms visually illustrated the grouping and relationships among populations. Intra specific variations in the different characters of the cone top structure revealed that Indore and Samastipur populations ofH. zeaewere different as compared to other ones ofH. zeae.Cluster analysis of cyst morphometrics showed that the populations ofH. zeaefrom Kanpur and Delhi were different as compare to other four ones.
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O'Malley, Brian P., Joseph D. Schmitt, Jeremy P. Holden, and Brian C. Weidel. "Comparison of Specimen- and Image-Based Morphometrics for Cisco." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-029.
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Abstract Morphometric data from fish are typically generated using one of two methods: direct measurements made on a specimen or extraction of distances from a digital picture. We compared data on 12 morphometrics collected with these two methods on the same collection of Cisco Coregonus artedi from Lake Ontario, North America, to assess the degree of bias in measurements made directly on a specimen- vs. an image-based method. We also assessed the degree of reproducibility within the image-based method by evaluating the amount of variation between different analysts for each morphometric method. Our results indicate specific morphometrics may be more prone to bias across the two methods and between analysts. Four of 12 morphometrics evaluated showed significant deviation from a 1:1 relationship that would be expected if the imaged-based method produced accurate specimen-based measurements. Pelvic fin length and pelvic–anal fin distance had the highest between-analyst variation for image-based landmarks, indicating low reproducibility for these metrics, compared with pectoral fin or total length, which had lower between-analyst variation. Although some morphometric measurements can be accurately obtained with either method, and therefore potentially used interchangeably in studies on Cisco morphology, our findings highlight the importance of considering method bias in morphometric studies that use data collected by different methods.
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Parés-Casanova, Pere Miquel, Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño, René Alejandro Crosby-Granados, and Jannet Bentez-Molano. "A Comparison of Traditional and Geometric Morphometric Techniques for the Study of Basicranial Morphology in Horses: A Case Study of the Araucanian Horse from Colombia." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010118.
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Skull size and shape have been widely used to study domestic animal populations and breeds. Although several techniques have been proposed to quantify cranial form, few attempts have been made to compare the results obtained by different techniques. While linear morphometrics has traditionally been used in breed characterization, recent advances in geometric morphometrics have created new techniques for specifically quantifying shape and size. The objective of this study was to compare two morphometric methods for their ability to describe external morphology. For this purpose, 20 skull specimens of adult male Araucanian horses were examined. Two age categories were established (the “mature group”, M3 not fully erupted to moderately worn, n = 7; and the “senile group”, M3 totally erupted and highly worn, n = 13). Both methods showed that there were statistical differences between generations, but discrimination rates were different between methods with the geometric morphometric analysis obtaining a rate of 97.5%. Although linear morphometrics was found to be compatible with geometric morphometrics, the latter was better able to discriminate the two groups and it also provides more information on shape.
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Saul, Carlos, João Carlos Prolla, Vinicius D. da Silva, Cláudio R. Teixeira, and Artur A. Parada. "Morphometric digital measurement of the luminal opening area of colonic crypts (pits) can differentiate the adenomas from other colonic lesions." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 46, no. 2 (June 2009): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032009000200006.
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CONTEXT: Differential diagnosis of hyperplastic vs adenomatous lesions is of crucial importance on the daily practice of colonoscopy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at quantifying digital morphometric characteristics of colonoscopic images obtained with magnification and chromoscopy of three different types of colonic lesions: hyperplastic, adenomas and carcinomas, and the normal mucosa surrounding the lesions. METHODS: A total of 2,177 consecutive colonoscopies were analyzed and 105 images were chosen for analysis, divided into 37 hyperplastic lesions, 42 adenomas and 26 carcinomas. Specific digital morphometry was used, to measure the diameter and area of the pits from hyperplastic lesions, adenomatous and carcinomatous lesions, always comparing them with the normal mucosa surrounding pits. RESULTS: Different morphometric measures were performed via image analysis software to measure the mean pit opening diameters and their respective area. The mean pit opening diameters and corresponding area measurements were statistically significant for all groups of lesions examined. CONCLUSIONS: The morphometric characteristics of colonoscopy images allowing the observer to compare differences between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and colorectal carcinoma lesions. Digital morphometric studies are feasible like the present study shows. This can help the colonoscopist in clinical decisions. A software with morphometric measures can apply and will permit the digital morphometric analysis. The data generated from the application of software, can provide valuable points in differentiation of various lesions, guiding the conduct clinical, already during the endoscopic procedure. Morphometric analysis is more an instance of decision to the colonoscopist and it has important value not for being subjective, but for being objective, since it generates digits of its measures. In these aspects, and among different characteristics, the measure of the area showed to be the most important measure in the differential aspect. Different lesions have different patterns of morphometric measures and theses patterns can be obtained from the study of the characteristics in databases. The endoscopic removal of adenomatous polyps (polypectomy), or a more detailed study of the neoplastic lesions for helping the decision if endoscopic removal (mucosectomy) or surgical resection, and a conservative position in hyperplastic lesions, are proceedings that morphometrics, with another parameters, can help to decide.
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S., Vidya C., and Madhu B. "Foramen magnum - Dry bone study and review of studies from India." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 07, no. 01 (January 2018): 005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701723.
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Abstract Background and Aims: Of late, there is heightened interest in foramen magnum morphology and morphometry as evidenced by innumerable publications in most of the Indian and foreign research journals publishing anatomical studies. The main objective of our study was to report the morphometric data of foramen magnum from Indian population as evidenced by dry bone study. The objective of the review was to report morphometric studies from India and to compare the data between two regions. Methodology: Forty adult dry skulls were studied for morphometric data of foramen magnum. Antero-posterior diameter and width of the foramen were considered. An extensive search for articles with foramen magnum either in the title or keywords was done using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SciELO, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was carried out in December 2017. Search terms restricted to foramen magnum morphometry in dry bones and CT scan studies. Results: The mean AP length and width of foramen magnum was 31.5 ± 3.4 mm and 27.1 ± 3 mm respectively. The mean of foramen magnum index was 1.2±0.2. Out of 37 records, 28 dry bone studies, 8 CT scan studies and one autopsy study was reviewed. A total of 2635 dry bones and 1165 CT scans were studied in 37 studies. Conclusions: There is unprecedented surge in published reports on morphometry of foramen magnum, both dry bone studies and radiological studies. There is no difference between morphometric data between dry bone studies and radiological studies. There is no significant difference between data from two states of India.
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Oktaviana, Putu Anna, Nyoman Adi Suratma, and I. Nengah Wandia. "Morphometry of Liver Fluke (Fasciola Gigantica) Infecting Balinese Cattle." Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jvas.2019.v02.i01.p02.
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Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica belong to Trematoda family which can cause fasciolosis. Fasciola hepatica is commonly found in temperate climates, while Fasciola gigantica is found in areas with wet tropical climates. Research on Fasciola gigantica especially in Bali is still very little, was just limited to the prevalence, epidemiology and histopathology of liver. This study aims to determine the morphometry of Fasciola gigantica infecting Bali cattle in Bali. This descriptive study used 43 samples of worms. Measurement of morphometry is done by microscope equipped with camera Axio Cam ERc 5S and software used is IMAGEJ and ZEN LITE. The morphometric analysis showed that there were two differentiating factors that is PB (Body Length) and LB (Body Width). The morphometric of Fasciola gigantica in Bali is smaller compared to Fasciola gigantica in general but larger than Fasciola hepatica.
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Yadava, Om Prakash, Vinod Sharma, Arvind Prakash, Vikas Ahlawat, Anirban Kundu, Bikram K. Mohanty, Rekha Mishra, and Amit K. Dinda. "Correlation between Doppler, Manual Morphometry, and Histopathology Based Morphometry of Radial Artery as a Conduit in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Cardiology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8047340.
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Background. Long-term graft patency is the major factor impacting survival after coronary artery bypass grafting. Arteries are superior in this regard. Radial artery is considered the second best conduit after internal mammary artery. Several studies have shown excellent radial artery patency. We evaluated the morphologic characteristics of radial artery by three modalities, (i) preoperative Doppler ultrasound, (ii) intraoperative manual morphometry, and (iii) postoperative histology-based morphometry, and compared these with the aim of validating Doppler as a noninvasive test of choice for preoperative assessment of radial artery.Methods. This was a prospective study involving 100 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in which radial artery was used. The radial artery was assessed using preoperative Doppler ultrasound studies, intraoperative morphometry, and postoperative histopathology and morphometry. The morphometric measurements included (i) luminal diameter, (ii) intimal and medial thickness, and (iii) intima-media thickness ratio.Results. Using Bland-Altman plots, there was a 95% limit of agreement between the preoperative Doppler measurements and the postoperative histopathology and morphometry.Conclusion. Doppler ultrasound is an accurate screening test for evaluation of radial artery, in terms of intimal/medial thickness and luminal diameter as a conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting and has been validated by both morphometric and histopathology based studies.
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Sampaio, Wlaisa V., Karol G. Oliveira, Danuza L. Leão, Maria C. Caldas-Bussiere, Helder L. Queiroz, Fernanda P. Paim, Regiane R. Santos, and Sheyla F. S. Domingues. "Morphologic analysis of sperm from two neotropical primate species: comparisons between the squirrel monkeys Saimiri collinsi and Saimiri vanzolinii." Zygote 25, no. 2 (January 16, 2017): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199416000411.
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SummarySperm morphometry can be applied to identify different animal groups and species and to evaluate sperm quality. Furthermore, knowledge on species-specific differences will help to enhance biological information, as well as to develop efficient reproductive technologies. The aims in the present study were to describe sperm morphometry from the recently characterized species S. collinsi and S. vanzolinii, to verify if the morphometric sperm patterns are similar or different between both species, and to determine if the sperm morphometry is affected by the levels of sperm defects using the S. collinsi as a model. Semen was collected from S. collinsi (n = 10) and S. vanzolinii (n = 2) monkeys, and sperm was submitted to morphological analysis. From the 10 samples from S. collinsi, five presented sperm of poor quality and two subgroups were formed for this species, i.e. high and poor quality sperm. Data on sperm motility and vigour were analysed, as well morphometric parameters on sperm head and tail. It was observed the normal morphometry was correlated with high quality sperm. Poor quality sperm presented smaller and 7% more ellipticity in their head, when compared with high quality sperm. Sperm from S. vanzolinii presented larger head than those from S. collinsi, but tail lengths were similar. Sperm morphometry can be used as a complementary tool to predict sperm motility and vigour for the S. collinsi species, and S. collinsi appear as a suitable model for S. vanzolinii.
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Claytor, R. R., and E. Verspoor. "Discordant phenotypic variation in sympatric resident and anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-401.
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Sympatric but electrophoretically distinguishable resident and anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from Little Gull Lake, Newfoundland, were compared for meristic and morphometric variation. No morphometric differentiation was detected. As the two populations have similar juvenile rearing habitats, this result is consistent with the hypothesis that local water-flow conditions are important in determining morphometry. Meristic divergence is as great as that between regional North American stocks, and the Little Gull Lake resident population is significantly different from all other Newfoundland–Labrador populations. With our data we cannot separate environmental from genetic contributions to the mersitic divergences because spatially separate spawning locations coincide with temperature differences. Our results suggest that meristic, morphometric, and electrophoretic variation are likely to be congruent only by coincidence among Atlantic salmon populations and that these characteristics likely evolve independently.
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Sicuro, Fernando L., Luiz Flamarion B. Oliveira, Carla D. Hendges, and Carlos Fonseca. "Quantifying bite force in coexisting tayassuids and feral suids: a comparison between morphometric functional proxies and in vivo measurements." PeerJ 9 (August 12, 2021): e11948. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11948.
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Background Measuring mammals’ bite force in laboratory conditions is not a simple task, let alone on wild medium-sized mammals in the field. Thus, morphometric-proxies are usually used to infer morphofunctional properties of musculoskeletal features. For instance, the study of bite force-indexes suggests that different capacities to crack food items reduce the competition between coexistent collared and white-lipped peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari). The presence of exotic feral hogs (Sus scrofa) in peccaries’ endemic areas gives rise to new ecological interactions between them. An example is the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, where ecomorphological mechanisms may play a role in their ecological relations. Taking this scenario as a case of study, we aimed to verify if the morphometric-proxies are de facto reliable tools, by comparing bite forces-indexes with the in vivo bite forces of these species. Methods We captured 21 collared and white-lipped peccaries and feral hogs in the Brazilian Pantanal to assess their bite force at first molar. The Bite Force Measuring Tube (BiTu) is a robust and simple mechanical device designed to be used in field conditions. Only 11 individuals successfully bit the BiTu before being released. Their body measurements were compared and correlated with their bite force. The in vivo bite forces were compared with bite force-indexes of two papers based on independent morphometric methods and datasets: Sicuro & Oliveira (2002) used classic morphometrics to infer the bite forces of these three species in the Brazilian Pantanal, and Hendges et al. (2019) used geometric morphometrics to compare bite forces-indexes and feeding habits of the extant peccary species. The results of all species were standardized (Z-curves) according to each method. Doing so, we obtained comparable dimensionless comparable values but maintaining the differences between them. Results The morphometric-proxies-based studies presented similar results: collared peccaries present weaker bites than white-lipped peccaries and feral hogs, while these two species presented no significant differences in their bite force-indexes. The in vivo bite force results suggest the same relations predicted by the morphometric models, including the high variation among the feral hogs. We found a significant correlation between the individuals’ weight (kg) and their actual bite force (N) but no significant correlations with the head length. Conclusions The BiTu proved to be a functional and low-cost tool to measure bite force in field conditions. The in vivo results presented a good correspondence with the predictions based on morphometric-proxies by Sicuro & Oliveira (2002) and Hendges et al. (2019). The results denote that these studies succeed in capturing the biomechanical signal of the three species’ skull-jaw systems. This empirical validation confirms that these morphometric-proxies analyses are reliable methods to ecomorphological and evolutionary inferences.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Morphometrie comparee"
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FUENTES, BARRIA EULOGIO. "Etude immunocytochimique et morphometrique comparee des protoneurones sensitifs innervant la pulpe dentaire chez le rat, le lapin et le chat." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05M174.
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Tamraz, Jean. "Morphometrie de l'encephale par resonance magnetique : applications a la pathologie chromosomique humaine, a l'anatomie comparee et a la teratologie." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S012.
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Ce travail preliminaire se propose d'etablir les elements de base d'une approche morphometrique de l'encephale en imagerie par resonance magnetique, complementaire de l'approche anthropometrique clinique ou craniologique. Cette etude est consacree, d'une part, a quelques syndromes chromosomiques bien definis et, d'autre part, a des syndromes consitutionnels dont l'etiologie est moins directement demontree. Sur une cinquantaine de patients atteints de trisomie 21 (20), de maladie du cri du chat (5), de trisomie 18 (2), de trisomie 13 (2), etc. . . , on peut individualiser pour chaque affection des caracteres morphometriques discriminants. Les premiers resultats de l'approche biometrique des anomalies encephaliques permettant une analyse discriminante de certains syndromes et la demarche methodologique adoptee sont exposes. L'apport de l'irm en tant que technique neuro-anatomique de choix est demontree chez nos patients in vivo mais aussi in cadaver sur des oetus monstrueux ou des encephales conserves de primates ou d'autres mammiferes provenant de la prestigieuse collection historique du museum national d'histoire naturelle. Cette technique permet ainsi d'explorer sans les detruire des collections tres exceptionnelles. Comme reference morphometrique, un nouveau plan de reference encephalique est propose et sa validite demontree en irm : le plan chiasmato-commissural posterieur (ch-cp), tres proche d'un plan sylvien et quasi-orthogonal au grand axe du tronc cerebral represente par la ligne commissurale posterieure-obex (cp-ob).
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Haigh, Carol. "Using new technology to compare morphometric presentation of osteoporosis in women with differing pathologies." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420465.
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Chapman, Tara. "Morphometric, functional and biomechanical analysis of a virtual Neandertal in comparison with anatomically modern humans." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/251406.
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Early anthropological examination of Neandertal skeletal material by Marcellin Boule gave rise to popular images of Neandertals as brutish, ape-like creatures who walked hunched over with bent knees and a shuffling gait. Today, it is generally thought that Neandertals moved in a similar manner to humans with locomotive patterns within human ranges of variation and a bipedal gait likely to be indistinguishable from that of modern humans However, this hypothesis has not been tested by using the Neandertal skeleton as a whole. There is no complete Neandertal skeleton in the fossil record. The aim of this thesis was to reconstruct a complete virtual skeleton of a Neandertal based on the Spy II remains for educational museology purposes and for biomechanical analysis. Comparative analyses of Neandertal and modern human bones (pelvis, femur, rib) using different reference populations from Belgium were also undertaken. These studies were performed with a view to further understanding Neandertal bone morphology in comparison to modern humans, to assist in the reconstruction of the Neandertal Spy II skeleton and to aid in biomechanical analysis. A study on the sex determination of the pelves showed that there was no difference between physical linear measurements and virtual measurements, which was an important validation. The lhpFusionBox musculoskeletal software, which was developed at ULB, was used to scale available Neandertal and modern human bones to reconstruct the skeleton. Previous methods in the literature have only scaled bones of the same nature. A novel and validated scaling method was used to scale the Kebara 2 pelvis to the dimensions of the Spy II femur (as Spy II only has a small piece of sacrum) via the Neandertal 1 femur and pelvis. The reconstruction of a complete Neandertal skeleton based on the Spy II remains enabled the validation of individual reconstructions of bones, reconstructed long bones to be compared together with other limb proportions of Neandertals, stature estimation to be performed, and questions to be asked on previous attributions of bones to Spy II. The thoracic shape of Neandertals has previously been subject to much debate with many authors stating that it would have been markedly different from modern humans. This thesis created a Neandertal thorax with assistance from rib and thoracic experts from different domains using the Kebara 2 remains. One reconstruction was found to have a similar shape to modern humans and the other a markedly different shape, highlighting difficulties in thoracic reconstruction of fossil hominids.The full scale Neandertal skeleton has been printed in 3D and used in RBINS and other Museums in Europe as a reference for the Neandertal Skeleton in permanent gallery exhibitions. This skeleton is also used as the base for Neandertal hyper-realistic artistic reconstructions based on scientific evidence by the artists, the Kennis brothers which are in the Centre d'Interprétation de l'Homme de Spy, the National History Museum, London and other museums around the world. The reconstruction of a complete lower limb also allowed biomechanical studies. The various biomechanical studies have looked at what happens when you fuse the motion of a living modern human to Neandertal bones. We cannot say that the Neandertal would have walked or squatted similar to the volunteers in the studies but we can say that the morphology of their bones would have enabled them to walk or squat in this way. All the moment arms of the major muscles of the hip and knee were analysed and it was demonstrated that the Neandertal models largely had greater muscle moment arms than the AMH models meaning Neandertals could have had a significant mechanical advantage over modern humans. These studies demonstrate Neandertal postcranial morphology can be different to modern humans although certain aspects may be more similar than previously thought.Historiquement, le travaux de Marcellin Boule ont donné lieu à des représentations populaires de Néandertaliens vus comme des créatures simiesques bestiales qui se déplaçaient courbés avec des genoux pliés en traînant les pieds. Aujourd'hui, il est généralement admis que les Néandertaliens se déplaçaient d'une manière similaire à l'homme moderne avec une locomotion bipède. Toutefois, cette hypothèse n'a pas été encore testée sur un squelette néandertalien dans son ensemble. Comme il n’existe aucun squelette de Néandertalien entier, le but de cette thèse était de reconstituer un squelette virtuel complet sur la base des restes de Spy II à des fins éducatives de muséologie et pour l'analyse biomécanique.Des analyses comparatives d’os de Néandertalien et d’humains modernes (bassin, fémur, côtes) en utilisant diverses populations de référence de Belgique ont également été menées. Ces études ont été réalisées en vue de comprendre la morphologie néandertalienne, pour aider à la reconstruction du squelette Spy II et à l'analyse biomécanique. Une étude sur la détermination du sexe à partir des pelvis a montré qu'il n'y avait pas de différence entre les mesures linéaires physiques et les mesures virtuelles, ce qui était une validation importante.Le logiciel musculosquelettique lhpFusionBox, développé à l'ULB, a été utilisé pour reconstruire le squelette. Un nouveau procédé de mise à l'échelle validé a été utilisé pour mettre à l'échelle le bassin de Kebara 2 aux dimensions du fémur de Spy II (comme Spy II ne possède qu’un petit fragment de sacrum) via le fémur et le bassin de Neandertal 1. La reconstruction d'un squelette complet de Néandertalien a apporté de nouvelles connaissances sur cette espèce dans différents domaines. Elle a permis la validation des reconstructions individuelles des os, de comparer les os longs reconstruits avec d'autres proportions des membres de Néandertaliens, de faire une estimation de stature, et de reconsidérer les attributions antérieures d'os à Spy II. La forme thoracique des Néandertaliens a déjà fait l'objet de nombreux débats. Cette reconstruction de Spy II, creé avec l'aide des experts utilisant les restes de Kebara 2, montre deux formes de reconstruction differentes, et indique les difficultés de la reconstruction thoracique des fossiles. Le squelette virtuel complet a été imprimé en 3D et utilisé par l’IRSNB et d'autres musées en Europe comme une référence de squelette néandertalien. Ce squelette a également été utilisé comme base pour les reconstructions artistiques hyper-réalistes de Néandertaliens, basées sur des données scientifiques, par les artistes Kennis et sont présentés dans les musées du monde entier. La reconstruction d'un membre inférieur complet a également permis des études biomécaniques. Ces dernières ont étudié la fusion du mouvement d'un homme moderne actuel avec des os néandertaliens. On ne peut pas se prononcer si le Néandertalien marchait ou s’accroupissait de manière similaire aux hommes modernes, mais on peut affirmer que leur morphologie osseuse leur permettait de marcher ou de s’accroupir de cette façon. Tous les bras de levier des principaux muscles de la hanche et du genou ont été analysés et il a été démontré que les Néandertaliens avaient les bras de levier plus grand que le modèle homme moderne signifiant Néandertaliens auraient eu un avantage mécanique important. Cette études démontre que des aspects de la morphologie postcrânienne néandertalienne soient différents, bien que certains d’entre eux soient plus semblables aux humains modernes qu'on ne le pensait.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Pagès, Fanny. "Anatomie comparée et fonctionnelle de l’hoazin (Opisthocomus hoazín)." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0013.
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L’hoazin (Opisthocomus hoazin, Muller 1776) est l'unique espèce vivante des Opisthocomiformes. L’hoazin est une espèce d'oiseau des plus étranges en termes d'apparence, de traits d’histoire de vie, de spécialisations morphologiques et de physiologie. Les hoazins juvéniles ont des capacités exceptionnelles de nage et d’escalade grâce à des griffes fonctionnelles sur leurs ailes. C'est aussi le seul oiseau folivore à fermentation pré-gastrique, comme les ruminants, avec un jabot hypertrophié en guise de chambre de fermentation. Ce régime alimentaire a un impact important sur la forme de ses os, comme par exemple une carène réduite et un sternum entièrement fusionné à la fourchette et aux coracoïdes afin de laisser de l’espace au jabot. Plusieurs auteurs ont corrélé ces modifications morphologiques à des implications fonctionnelles telles que la réduction de la capacité de vol. Depuis les premières descriptions partielles du début du 20ème siècle, son anatomie complète reste peu connue. L’utilisation de récentes techniques 3D nous a permis d’avoir accès à des parties de son anatomie qui peuvent être difficile à décrire en dissection classique. Ainsi, une monographie complète de son squelette a été réalisée avec des inférences fonctionnelles liées et la mise en évidence de caractères uniquement présents chez l’hoazin a été rendue possible. Il semble que la ceinture scapulaire de l’hoazin concentre de nombreuses particularités morphologiques et nécessite des analyses comparatives plus poussées. En utilisant des techniques 3D, des méthodes morphométrie géométrique et des spécimens de collection, nous avons étudié quantitativement l'évolution des changements de la morphologie de la ceinture scapulaire des oiseaux. Néanmoins, l'impact possible des effets de préparation sur la forme des os de la collection ostéologique doit être quantifié. En effet, plusieurs auteurs ont décrit les effets des processus de préparation sur les formes des os. Ainsi, ce travail a permis d’évaluer l’impact du processus de préparation ostéologique sur la forme de chaque os de la ceinture scapulaire en utilisant des jeux de données intra et interspécifiques d’oiseaux. Les effets de la préparation peuvent être estimés en utilisant l'apparence de l'os. Cet indicateur a été utilisé pour collecter des spécimens supplémentaires en vue d'analyses comparatives sur la ceinture scapulaire des oiseaux.La littérature sur l’hoazin fait référence à un oiseau au vol non agile en lien avec la modification de la forme de son sternum, laissant peu d'espace pour les insertions musculaires utiles au vol. Mais cette hypothèse n'a jamais été testée. Grâce à un ensemble de données comparatives composé de cinquante-huit espèces avec un comportement locomoteur documenté, des différences de forme pour chaque os de la ceinture scapulaire en fonction du type de vol ont été testées. Le sternum, les coracoïdes, les scapulas et surtout les humérus semblent avoir des formes très différentes selon le type de vol. Les tests d'assignation effectués sur l’hoazin montrent que presque toutes ses formes d’os correspondent aux oiseaux planeurs, à l'exception de la scapula. Il semble que la forme unique du sternum de l’hoazin ne soit pas la seule responsable de ses faibles capacités de vol rapportées dans la littérature. De plus, ces études comparatives ont été complétées par une description anatomique et comparative d'une série de développement d’hoazins. Cette analyse nous a permis d’identifier que la forme du sternum est déterminée dès le début du développement. En revanche, la fusion complète du complexe du sternum s’observe uniquement chez les juvéniles tardifs. L'utilisation d'un ensemble de données comparatives et de méthodes de morphométrie géométrique 3D nous a permis de générer de nouvelles informations quantitatives sur la morphologie de l’hoazin. Ce travail de thèse apporte une réponse préliminaire au rôle de la forme du sternum et de sa carène dans la réduction de ses capacités de volThe hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin, Muller, 1776) is the unique extant species of the Opisthocomiformes. It is unquestionably among the most bizarre and enigmatic bird species in terms of its appearance, life history, morphological specializations and physiology. The hoatzin juveniles have exceptional swimming and climbing abilities thanks to fully functional claws on the wing. It is moreover the only folivorous bird with a pre-gastric fermentation, as found in mammals, with a hypertrophied crop. This dietary specialization has an important impact on its bone shape, such as a reduced carina and a sternum fused to the furcula and to the coracoids. Several authors linked these morphological changes to functional implications such as reduced flight abilities. Since the first partial descriptions in the early 20th, the whole skeleton of the hoatzin has not been described to date. Its anatomy remains consequently only partially known. Taking advantage of the recent 3D techniques allowing us to get access to part of the anatomy that can be difficult to describe based on classic dissections, a complete monography on the skeletal anatomy was realized. After the description of the whole skeleton and functional inferences, highlighting the unique characters of the hoatzin compared to other birds became possible by means of previously published comparative data on skeletal anatomy in birds. It appears that the scapular girdle of the hoatzin has a lot of morphological particularities and thus needs further comparative analyses. Using 3D techniques, geometric morphometric methods and collection specimens, we quantitatively investigated evolutionary changes in the morphology of the scapular girdle of birds. Nevertheless, before working on a large comparative dataset of the scapular bones, the possible impact of preparation effects on the shape of bones from osteological collection should be quantified. Indeed, several authors have described the effect of preparation processes on bones. This study allowed us to assess the impact of bones preparation process on the shape of each bone of the scapula girdle using both intra- and inter-specific datasets of birds. Our results have shown that preparation effects can be well estimated using the appearance of the bone and this proxy was used to collect data for further comparative analyses on the scapular girdle of birds.Literature of the hoatzin refers to it as a poor flier with non-agile flight because of its sternum shape modification providing only a small area for insertion of the flight muscles. But this hypothesis of a direct link between modified sternum shape and flight capacity has never been tested. Using a comparative dataset composed of fifty-eight species for which the locomotor behavior is well known, shape differences for each bone of the scapular girdle depending on flight type were tested. Sternum, coracoids, scapulae and mainly the humeri have significantly different shapes depending on flight type. These results were used to infer the flight type of the hoatzin based on the shape of its scapular bones. Assignation tests performed on scapular bone shapes of the hoatzin showed that nearly all its bones are classified among gliding species, except for the scapula. It appears that the unique sternum shape of the hoatzin is not the sole reason for its poor flying abilities. Moreover, these comparative studies were supplemented with an anatomical and comparative description of a developmental series of hoatzin specimens. This developmental analysis allowed us to determine that sternum shape is determined in the early development whereas the complete fusion of the sternum complex happens in later in juveniles. The use of a comparative dataset and 3D geometric morphometric methods allowed us to generate quantitative data on the morphological specificities of the hoatzin. This work provides a preliminary answer to the role of its sternum shape and reduced carina in its flight abilities
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Woodward, Becky. "Locomotory Strategies, Dive Dynamics, and Functional Morphology of the Mysticetes: Using Morphometrics, Osteology, and DTAG Data to Compare Swim Performance in Four Species of Baleen Whales." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WoodwardBX2006.pdf.
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Egea, Emilie. "Histoire évolutive, structures génétique, morphologique et écologique comparées dans un complexe d'espèces jumelles : Echinocardium cordatum (Echinoidea, Irregularia)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22017.
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Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant 1777) oursin irrégulier abondant des zones côtières tempérées a longtemps été considéré comme une espèce cosmopolite dont la vaste aire de distribution était la conséquence directe des capacités de dispersion de sa larve planctotrophe. L’étude couplée des caractéristiques génétiques [génomes mitochondrial et nucléaire (introns+microsatellites)], morphologiques (étude basée sur 20 indices morphométriques) et écologiques (distribution géographique à petite ou grande échelle, et cycle de maturation gonadique) a révélé la présence d’un complexe d’espèces jumelles dont la différenciation génétique est accompagnée d’une différenciation morphologique statistique ainsi que de différenciations écologiques plus ou moins fines. Ces espèces occupent des aires de distribution limitées (clade A : Atlantique, clade SP : Pacifique Sud, clade NP : Pacifique Nord, clade B2 : Méditerranée, et clade B1 : Méditerranée et côtes atlantiques de l’Ibérie). D’après la reconstruction de l’histoire évolutive de ce complexe, à partir des données paléontologiques et moléculaires, ces espèces auraient divergé il y a 3 (B1-B2) à 10 (A-reste) millions d’années sous l’effet de perturbations géologiques et paléoclimatiques (fermeture de la Téthys, crise messinienne de salinité et glaciations Plio-Pléistocène). Le polymorphisme morphologique et moléculaire apparaît réduit chez B1 suggérant un effectif efficace historique de cette espèce réduit. L’analyse des flux géniques contemporains révèle que les clades A et B1 échangent toujours des gènes, alors que les clades B1 et B2, ont mis en place un isolement reproducteur efficace empêchant l’hybridation. Par ailleurs, les capacités de dispersion des espèces de ce complexe sont importantes (plus de 3000 km), mais moindres comparées à d’autres espèces du genre, notamment E. mediterraneum, qui bien qu’ayant subi les mêmes évènements géologiques n’a pas formé d’espèce depuis son apparition il y aurait 28 millions d’années. D’un point de vue évolutif, les taxons à forte capacité de dispersion présenteraient des tailles efficaces de populations importantes, ainsi qu’une aire de répartition étendue et peu de différentiation génétique entre localités ; autant de caractéristiques qui devraient ralentir la vitesse de spéciation dans ces taxons. Si cette hypothèse semble se vérifier chez E. mediterraneum, il n’en est pas de même chez E. cordatum qui malgré des effectifs efficaces apparemment importants et une différenciation des populations à l’échelle régionale faible, présente une dynamique se spéciation plus rapide. Il faut envisager que d’autres caractéristiques soient à l’origine de cette différence de dynamique de spéciation, et la comparaison des exigences écologiques des deux taxons ainsi que l’isolement de la molécule responsable de la réaction acrosomique, la bindine, pourraient apporter des éléments de réponse aux nouvelles questions soulevéesEchinocardium cordatum (Pennant 1777) an abundant irregular sea urchin from the coastal temperate zones has long been considered as a cosmopolitan species which wide distribution area was the direct consequence of its planktotrophic larvae high dispersal abilities. A combined study of the genetic [mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (introns+microsatellites)], morphologic (based on 20 morphometric indices) and ecologic (geographic distribution at fine or large scale, and gonad maturation cycle) characteristics reveals that this taxon is a complex of cryptic species for which genetic differentiations concurred with morphological and ecological ones. The different species each occupy a limited geographic areas (clade A : Atlantic, clade SP : South Pacific, clade NP : North Pacific, clade B2 : Mediterranean sea, et clade B1 : Mediterranean sea and Atlantic coasts of Iberia). According to the complex species evolutionary history reconstruction, based on fossils and molecular data, the different species diverged between 3 (B1-B2) and 10 (A-rest) million years ago, driven by geologic and paleoclimatic perturbations (Tethys closure, messinian salinity crisis, Plio-Pleistocene glaciations). Molecular and morphologic polymorphisms appear reduced in B1, suggesting a reduced historical effective size. The contemporaneous genetic flux analysis reveals that clades A and B1 exchange genes whereas clades B1 and B2 developed an efficient reproductive isolation preventing hybridization. Though dispersal abilities of the complex species are high (more than 3000 km), they appear to be smaller than those of other species of the same genera, particularly E. mediterraneum which undergone the same geological perturbations without splitting into several species since its appearance some 28 million years ago. From an evolutionary point of view, taxa with high dispersal abilities should exhibit important population effective sizes, wide distribution areas and weak genetic differentiation between localities, properties that should slow species formation within these taxa. If this hypothesis seems verified in E. mediterraneum, it is not the case in E. cordatum for which the apparent high effective size and weak regional structure contrast with the fast speciation dynamics. It seems that other characteristics might be responsible for the speciation dynamic differences, and the comparison of the two taxa ecological requirements, as well as the isolation of the gene coding for the protein responsible of the sperm specific attachment, the bindin, should bring elements to answer these questions
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Dumoncel, Jean. "Analyse morphométrique 3D de structures anatomiques pour la paléoanthropologie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30060/document.
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L'évolution biologique des organismes peut être étudiée comme une succession de transformations morphologiques qui sont caractérisées par le changement de leur géométrie tridimensionnelle globale et locale. Dans ce contexte, il est nécessaire de développer des outils mathématiques et informatiques comparatifs de formes tridimensionnelles afin d'étudier ces transformations et de pouvoir les comparer avec les variabilités inter- et intra-espèces. Dans la chaîne de traitement des données tridimensionnelles (images 3D ou maillages 3D) employée en " paléoanthropologie virtuelle ", la méthode la plus souvent utilisée en analyse comparative est basée sur des points de repère (en général, anatomiques) dont les coordonnées sont analysées à l'aide d'outils mathématiques tels que la " morphométrie géométrique ". Plus récemment, une autre classe de méthodes a été proposée. Elle permet des comparaisons globales entre les surfaces complètes de structures anatomiques sans avoir besoin de définir des points de repère. On obtient ainsi une analyse statistique de la forme moyenne et de sa variabilité en tout point. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'étudier la chaîne d'analyse morphométrique des données 3D utilisées en paléoanthropologie, de la numérisation à l'exploitation des données par les chercheurs. Cette thèse présente des méthodes analytiques pour le traitement des données issues de la paléoanthropologie, depuis la numérisation des sites de fouilles jusqu'à l'acquisition et l'analyse des spécimens. Nous établissons des modèles numériques de terrain (analyses multidimensionnelles de données issues de différentes modalités d'acquisition telles que les scans laser et la photogrammétrie) qui permettent d'appréhender les vestiges dans leur contexte et nous proposons des analyses qui répondent à des problématiques qui sont spécifiques aux études en biologie. En particulier, nous apportons des outils d'analyse et de visualisation (cartographies 3D et analyses statistiques) pour des problématiques de déformation basées sur des recalages surfaciques. Nous proposons également une méthode d'analyse sur des données partielles afin de pouvoir exploiter l'ensemble des données disponibles dans les registres fossiles et modernes. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que les méthodes par recalage surfacique augmentent non seulement les possibilités de capter les formes et leurs variations, mais permettent également de travailler sur des formes globales et non uniquement sur certains points. Nous montrons notamment que ces méthodes permettent le développement d'outils qui sont bien adaptés pour les études en paléoanthropologieThe biological evolution of organisms can be studied as a set of morphological transformations which are characterized by the modification of their global three- dimensional geometry and by some discrete traits. In this context, it is necessary to develop comparative mathematical and computational tools for the study of the inter- and intraspecific variation. Within the three-dimensional data processing workflow (3D images or 3D meshes) employed in " virtual paleoanthropology ", the method that is most commonly used in comparative analysis is based on landmarks (most often anatomical landmarks) from which coordinates are analyzed by using mathematical tools such as " geometric morphometrics ". More recently, other methods allowing global comparisons between three-dimensional reconstructions without landmarks have been proposed. They allow for example the statistical analysis of a global shape and its variability. We suggest to study the process for morphometric analysis of 3D data commonly used in paleoanthropology, from the digitization to the exploration of 3D data. This dissertation introduces analytical methods for the processing of data provided by paleoanthropological studies, from the digitization of the excavation sites to the acquisition and the analysis of specimens. We established digital ground models (multidimensional analyses of data from various modalities of acquisition such as laser scanner and photogrammetry) that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of fossil remains in their context and we proposed relevant analyses for resolving specific problems inherent to biological studies. In particular, we developed appropriate tools for analyses and viewing (3D mappings and statistical analyses) dedicated specifically to problems of deformation-based registrations. Additionally, we introduced a method for the analysis of partial data in order to use all the specimens available in the fossil and modern records. Besides opening up new possibilities of capturing shape variation, our results highlight that techniques based on surface registration provide a reliable methodological framework for working on global shapes without focusing on specific points. We reported in particular that these methods allow the development of tools which are particularly suitable for the paleoanthropological studies
Book chapters on the topic "Morphometrie comparee"
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Lague, Michael R., and Colin G. Menter. "Distal humerus." In Hominin Postcranial Remains from Sterkfontein, South Africa, 1936-1995, 49–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197507667.003.0006.
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Anatomical descriptions are presented for six distal humeri from Sterkfontein. These fossil specimens, and one humerus from Makapansgat, are compared to those of extant hominids and a variety of fossil hominins using geometric morphometric data from a transverse section through the distal diaphysis. Principal components analysis is used to summarize morphometric affinities among specimens. Procrustes distances are used to measure shape dissimilarity between pairs, and total sample variation is quantified as the sum of squared distances (SSD) of pairwise Procrustes. Bootstrap resampling of SSD is used to evaluate the possibility of taxonomic heterogeneity in the Sterkfontein assemblage. Humeral variation at Sterkfontein/Makapansgat reflects three distinct groups, one of which resembles Homo erectus (Stw 150, 182), one of which resembles Australopithecus sediba (Stw 339, MLD 14), and one of which resembles non-sediba australopiths (Stw 38, Stw 124, Stw 431c). Based on variation within extant species, we cannot reject the null hypothesis that the Sterkfontein specimens are conspecific. On the other hand, Sterkfontein SSD is significantly high with reference to a mixed-species sample of australopiths from across Africa. On balance, we suggest that only those specimens in the last group (non-sediba autralopiths) should be attributed to A. africanus.
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Sarkar, Ashis, and Priyank Pravin Patel. "Land Use - Terrain Correlations in the Piedmont Tract of Eastern India." In Environmental Information Systems, 1026–64. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch046.
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The Dulung River flows across West Bengal and Jharkhand in India. The geographical variables present within the basin area are categorised into groups like Physiographic, Morphometric and Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) attributes. These facets are mapped and overlain in a GIS environment and correlations drawn between them. Factor Scores obtained through Principal Component Analysis are further compared and correlated. The different variables are fused to obtain a comprehensive grouping of the above three facets that is reflective of the overall terrain attributes and its overlying LULC classes. Through this, within the Dulung River Basin, three broad Physiographic-Soil-Land Use Units (PSLUs) are identified, which comprise of the structural ridges and residual hills, piedmont plains and floodplains. For further insight into existing LULC-landform relations, select villages across the basin landscape are examined in detail. The relations derived help in suggesting possible land management practices in this region.
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Sarkar, Ashis, and Priyank Pravin Patel. "Land Use - Terrain Correlations in the Piedmont Tract of Eastern India." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 147–92. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1814-3.ch008.
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The Dulung River flows across West Bengal and Jharkhand in India. The geographical variables present within the basin area are categorised into groups like Physiographic, Morphometric and Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) attributes. These facets are mapped and overlain in a GIS environment and correlations drawn between them. Factor Scores obtained through Principal Component Analysis are further compared and correlated. The different variables are fused to obtain a comprehensive grouping of the above three facets that is reflective of the overall terrain attributes and its overlying LULC classes. Through this, within the Dulung River Basin, three broad Physiographic-Soil-Land Use Units (PSLUs) are identified, which comprise of the structural ridges and residual hills, piedmont plains and floodplains. For further insight into existing LULC-landform relations, select villages across the basin landscape are examined in detail. The relations derived help in suggesting possible land management practices in this region.
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"Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives." In Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives, edited by C. Y. M. Froehlich, A. M. Lee, R. Oquita, C. E. Cintra-Buenrostro, J. D. Shively, and J. B. Shipley. American Fisheries Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874516.ch6.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Identifying morphometrics, age composition, and growth of Red Snapper <em>Lutjanus campechanus </em>(Poey, 1860) in the Gulf of Mexico is crucial for management of this valuable species. Red Snapper are highly associated with artificial reefs situated off the coast of Texas. Artificial reefs, two in federal waters (offshore) and two in state waters (inshore), were sampled quarterly from December 2014 through December 2016. Characteristic differences in age and growth patterns at inshore and offshore sites and across sampled sites were compared. Mean ± standard deviation was calculated for total length (TL), weight, and biological age. Red Snapper collected averaged 464.5 ± 92.6 mm in TL, 1.62 ± 1.03 kg, and 3.8 ± 1.5 years. Significant differences in TL, weight, and age were observed across sites but not between inshore and offshore locations. In comparing 12 previous Red Snapper length-at-age (0–25 years) studies across the Gulf of Mexico, results were similar except for two studies significantly different from one another, but none with respect to our study. Our findings suggest that Red Snapper populations are young and restricted to one or two spawning years before capture on artificial reefs. Continued management of fisheries associated with these reefs are necessary to increase the stock and eventually lead to robust and sustainable fisheries.
Conference papers on the topic "Morphometrie comparee"
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Li, Bingjue, Andrew P. Murray, David H. Myszka, and Gérard Subsol. "Synthesizing Planar Rigid-Body Chains for Morphometric Applications." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59412.
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Morphometrics is a quantitative analysis to compare a set of geometric representations of forms, including shape and size. Analysis of shape variation is useful in systematics, evolutionary biology, biostratigraphy, and developmental biology. Distinguished by the data being analyzed, three forms of morphometrics are commonly recognized. Traditional morphometrics measures the lengths, ratios, angles, etc., of patterns of shape variations. Outline-based morphometrics analyzes the outlines of forms using open or closed curves. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics summarizes shapes in terms of the coordinates of anatomical landmarks. The three morphometric methods are able to capture the variation of forms exactly, but require analyzing numerous variables. As an alternative approach to morphometrics, this paper presents a kinematic synthesis methodology of planar rigid-body chains. This methodology approximates the set of profile curves that represent a series of shapes with a single chain comprised of rigid-body links connected by revolute or prismatic joints. The primary advantage of the presented approach is that a modest number of physical parameters describes the shape and size change between a set of curves. Three morphometric problems are investigated by applying the methodology of synthesizing planar rigid-body chains to match the prescribed shapes. The result validates that the presented methodology might be used as an alternative approach to the analysis of morphological forms.
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Li, Yucheng, Andrew P. Murray, and David H. Myszka. "Synthesizing Mechanical Chains for Morphing Between Spatial Curves." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98250.
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Abstract This work investigates the kinematic synthesis methodology for designing a chain of three-dimensional bodies to match a set of arbitrary spatial curves. The bodies synthesized can be one of three types: a rigid segment, a helical segment with constant curvature and torsion but varying length, and a growth segment that maintains its geometry but may be scaled to become larger or smaller. To realize mechanical chains, only rigid and helical segments are used. After designing the segments, they may be aligned with the original spatial curves with their ends connected via an optimization. For two curves, these connections may be made with revolute joints to obtain high accuracy. For three or more curves, spherical joint connections allow for the best accuracy. To compare curves as is useful in morphometry, all three segment types may be employed. In this case, an accurate description of the changes between curves is important, and optimizing to connect the segments is not needed. The procedure for redefining the curves in a way that the techniques in this paper may be applied, as well as the methodologies for synthesizing the three segment types are presented. Examples include a continuum robot problem and the morphometric analyses of chochlear curves and the lambdoidal suture. This work extends the established planar techniques for synthesizing mechanisms and addressing morphometric issues that are motivated with curves in two-dimensions.
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Dietenbeck, Thomas, Sophia Houriez-Gombaud-Saintonge, Umit Gencer, Alain Giron, Gilles Soulat, Elie Mousseaux, Philippe Cluzel, Alban Redheuil, and Nadjia Kachenoura. "Automated 3D MRI Aortic Morphometry Demonstrates the Added Value of Volumes as Compared to Diameters." In 2019 Computing in Cardiology Conference. Computing in Cardiology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22489/cinc.2019.081.
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Mamienko, Vadim, and Ingrida Chemerys. "EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE RADIATION OF MICROWAVE OVENS ON WATER AS A SUBSTRATUM FOR PLANT GROWTH." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2016.15.
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To date, there is research carried out on the effects of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms, studies are conducted on substratums that were subjected to microwave radiation. This radiation comes from a common household appliance; however, the effect of this type of radiation on the vitality of organisms is poorly researched. The purpose of the current analysis is to identify the morphological changes in vegetative organs of the test objects using microwave-irradiated water as a substrate. The object of the study – the onion plant (Allium сера L.), which is perfect for objectifying environmental risks. The results showed that using the water warmed up in a microwave increased the level of oppression in the morphometric parameters. In particular, there was a clear trend of reduction of growth parameters of vegetative organs and decrease in their mass (in the test group compared to the the main one the length of the root and shoot of a plant are less than 20.5% and 27.5%, and the weight is 32.3% and 63.8% less, respectively). The correlation analysis showed that the root length is the most reliable morphometric indicator that reacts sensitively to changes in water quality caused by microwave irradiation (r = –0.9995).
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Giles, Alan R., and Peter Vendervelden. "THE ROLE OF FACTOR VII IN HAEMOSTASIS: A DETAILED MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE EVOLVING HAEMOSTATIC PLUG IN NORMAL AND VII DEFICIENT DOGS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643783.
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The role of F.VII in haemostasis remains controversial, both in terms of the functional consequences of the deficiency state and the activation pathways to which it makes its principal contribution In vivo. We have developed a cuticle bleeding time (CBT) model in dogs and used this to investigate the functional consequence of both congenital and acquired F.VII deficiency (SD) (Blood 65:1197, 1985). There was no significant difference between the CBT of these animals when compared to controls. However, the CBT prolonged at a significantly lower Heparin level than that observed in controls. F.VIIa was also infused into F.VIII deficient and normal dogs and FPA measured as an indicator of thrombin generation. Significant change in FPA level occurred in the latter but not the former, suggesting that activation of F.IX rather than F.X was favoured. We have now performed detailed morphological studies of the evolving haemostatic plug (HP) in the injured cuticle of F.VII and normal animals by light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Quantification of the EM changes noted were performed by morphometric analysis. The tightness of the intravascular component of the HP was assessed by random measurement of intraplatelet distance. The degree of platelet activation was measured by comparing the area of the open canalicular system (OCS) in comparison to the total platelet area. The appearance of fibrin in the plug was also noted. Qualitative LM revealed little difference between the two sets of animals. The appearance of fibrin at the periphery of HP plug was delayed in SD and was reduced in quantity. However, by morphometry although the pattern was identical in both groups, there was a significant delay in the changes noted in SD. These results suggest that the extrinsic pathway may play an important role in triggering the intrinsic pathway, either by providing for activation of the cofactors V and VIII or pulse generation of F.IXa. This may play a critical role in haemostasis when the vessel injured is larger than those in the nail cuticle of the dog (50 - 150 μm) or when other components of haemostatic mechanism are compromised
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Zhou, Qinlian, Jian Gao, Wei Huang, and R. T. Yen. "Vascular Impedance Analysis in Human Pulmonary Circulation." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33525.
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Vascular impedance in human pulmonary circulation is analyzed by the fluid dynamic approach. A model representing the entire system of pulmonary circulation is constructed based on experimentally measured morphometric and elasticity data of the vessels. The pulmonary arteries and veins are considered as elastic tubes. Their impedance follows Womersley’s theory and electric analogue. The “sheet-flow” theory is employed to describe the flow in capillaries and thus a microvascular impedance matrix is derived. The input impedance at the main pulmonary artery is calculated under both zone 3 and zone 2 conditions. The results are compared with available experimental data in the literature.
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Russo, Wanderley Camargo, Alcindo Pereira dos Santos Filho, Celso Rodrigues da Silveira Filho, Cláudio dos Santos Amaral, Maurício Martines Sales, Carlos Alberto Lauro Vargas, Patrícia de Araújo Romão, and Diego Tarley Ferreira Nascimento. "Susceptibility to Erosion of Pipeline Rights-of-Way in Tropical Soils: Case of a Brazilian Pipeline." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1935.
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TRANSPETRO is responsible, among other activities, by operation and maintenance of pipelines throughout Brazil. Particularly in the Midwest region the company operates the OSBRA pipeline, which moves about 8.7 Mm3/years of fuel and covers approximately 1,000 km long, predominantly in tropical soils. Erosive processes are significant and constitute the main geotechnical occurrence in OSBRA pipelines rights-of-way. In order to identify the susceptibility to erosion of the area close to the pipelines were developed basic thematic maps, that overlaid will help in identifying homogeneous zones in terms of existing material susceptibility. The mapping is being accompanied by an extensive endeavor of field inspections along the pipeline rights-of-way, that comprised geotechnical investigations, verifying the conditions of use and soil management, the conservation status of existing drainage works and geotechnical characterization of soil samples of major geological formations, including erodibility tests. The methodology is being developed in ArcGIS frame, starting from the morphometric analysis and the use of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), aiming to understanding superficial flow conditions (acceleration and concentration) and consequent soil loss. The modeling results will be compared with historical occurrences erosive 15 (fifteen) years of pipeline operation, seeking for an adherence on various geological, topographical and meteorological tested. The methodology will improve further procedures for identifying potential erosions in tropical soils and will allow to anticipating preventive maintenance in the most susceptible locals the pipeline rights-of-way, suggesting mitigation measures best suited for each type of potential erosive mechanism.
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Scharf, R. E., A. Wehmeier, and W. Schneider. "REDUCED PLATELET THROMBOXANE FORMATION IN ACUTE THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (TP): EVIDENCE FOR AN ABNORMAL PLATELET POPULATION WITH A TRANSIENT CYCLOOXYGENASE DEFECT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644588.
Full textAbstract:
We have recently shown that alpha-granule-depleted platelets circulate in acute TTP. These platelets are hemostatically defective due to partial loss of granular constituents and/or metabolic abnormalities. To further evaluate morphometric and metabolic changes of "exhausted" platelets, we studied their volume distribution and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation in a 35-year-old patient with primary TTP. Platelet volume distribution in whole blood was determined by the impedance method using citrate (0.38%)/glutaraldehyde (0.125%) as anticoagulant. TXB2 production was measured radioimmunologically after incubation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with thrombin (10 U/ml) or arachido-nic acid (AA, 450 μM) for 5 min. During the acute phase of TTP, the thrombin-induced platelet TXB2 formation was significantly reduced (n=6, 0.32±0.08, ±SD, nmoles/109 platelets) as compared to controls (n=12, 2.7±0.9 nmoles/109 platelets, p < 0.001). Incubation of PRP with exogenous AA failed to restore normal TXB2 production in acute TTP. In addition, volume analysis showed an abnormally small-sized platelet population (modal volume < 1.5 fl) during the acute phase of TTP. Clinical remission was achieved by repeated plasmapheresis with substitution of fresh frozen plasma. Following normalization of the platelet count, platelet volume gradually increased (modal volume 3.3 fl), and the platelets recovered a normal in vitro thrombin- and AA-inducible TXA2 synthesis capacity. We conclude that (1) an abnormal (small-sized) platelet population and (2) a disorder of platelet arachidonic acid metabolism exist in acute TTP, leading to reduced TXA2 production. These changes may reflect the previous activation and consumption of platelets in vivo. The reduced platelet thromboxane synthesis is consistent with a transient cyclooxygenase defect which disappears following remission of TTP.
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Guarino, M. V., A. Martilli, S. Di Sabatino, and L. S. Leo. "Modelling the Urban Boundary-Layer Over a Typical Mediterranean City Using WRF: Assessment of UHI and Thermal Comfort." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21572.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work is to simulate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in a medium size Mediterranean city (Lecce, IT) and to analyze its consequences for thermal comfort. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (version 3.2), that accounts for the urban structure with a multilayer urban parameterization (BEP+BEM i.e. the Building Effect Parameterization (BEP) combined with the Building Energy Model (BEM)). Three hot and cloudless summer days have been simulated and results have been compared with field data collected during an experimental campaign performed over the whole summer in the city of Lecce, Italy. In the model, the structure and shape of the city are reproduced using detailed data related to different urban classes, urban fraction and building morphometry. For the residential urban classes, different thermal parameters that are representative of building materials in the oldest and the newer part of the city, are used. Results show that UHI reaches, on average, its maximum intensity (4–5 °C) just before sunrise, and its minimum (2 °C) occurs during the day. Model validation inferred through statistical analysis shows overall a better model performance for the historical city centre than for the suburban area. This suggests that further refinement of the building representation in the outskirts might still be required. Consequences of the increased urban temperature are evaluated in terms of thermal comfort. The maximum thermal stress occurs during the central hours of the day, while, the minimum thermal stress occurs during the twilight hours.
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Fresslnaud, E., J. E. Sadler, J. P. Girma, H. R. Baumgartner, and D. Meyer. "SYNTHETIC RGD-CONTAINING PEPTIDES OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR INHIBIT PLATELET ADHESION TO COLLAGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643591.
Full textAbstract:
The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence is common to fibrinogen (Fg), fibronectin (Fn) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF). RGD-containing peptides compete for binding of these adhesive proteins to platelet membrane GPIIb/IIIa and inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation as does an unrelated dodecapeptide from the γ Fg COOH terminus (γFg 400-411). We compared in flowing blood the effect of γ Fg 400-411 and of 3 synthetic peptides derived from the sequence of human vWF upon platelet adhesion to collagen. The 3 vWF peptides (13 or 18 aminoacids) contained an RGD sequence in the NH2 (peptide 03), central (peptide 07) or COOH (peptide 02) portions. Collagen was coated onto plastic coverslips and exposed in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber to reconstituted human blood at a shear rate of 2,600 s™1 for 3 min at 37°C. Perfusates contained physiological concentrations of 51 Cr-platelets and red cells in either citrated autologous plasma or modified Tyrode buffer containing 4% human albumin ; in the latter case, the collagen-coated coverslips were preincubated with normal plasma or purified human vWF prior to perfusion. Platelet-collagen interactions were estimated by radioactivity counting and quantitative morphometry. RGD peptides 02, 03 and 07 inhibited platelet-collagen interactions in a dose-dependent manner. With peptide 07, deposition of 51 Cr-platelets decreased from 283.8 ± 32.5 × 105/cm2 (mean ± SEM, n = 3) with buffer to 169.6 ± 33.0 in the presence of 50 μM peptide (p < 0.05), 133.7 ± 26.4 with 150 uM (p <0.012) and 101.8 ± 27.1 with 300 uM (p <0.005). The inhibitory effect of γ Fg 400-411 upon platelet deposition was less significant than that of the RGD peptides at 50 and 150 uM concentrations (224.4 ± 39.8, N.S. and 139.5 ± 55.3, p < 0.05, respectively). RGD peptide 07 also inhibited in a dose-dependent way both platelet adhesion to collagen and thrombus growth. Similar results were observed with peptides 02 and 03, indicating that the position of the RGD sequence is not critical. No synergetic effect between RGD and γFg 400-411 peptides was observed. These results with vWF peptides confirm that GPIIb/IIIa is involved not only In platelet aggregation (thrombus growth) but also in vWF-mediated platelet adhesion to collagen.