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1
Abdollahi, Mohammad. "Analysis of Cyst and Cone Top Morphometrics of Indian Populations of Maize Cyst Nematode." Journal of Plant Protection Research 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-009-0006-4.
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Analysis of Cyst and Cone Top Morphometrics of Indian Populations of Maize Cyst NematodeHierarchical cluster analysis based on cyst and cone top morphometric means including cyst length, cyst width, cyst length to cyst width ratio, vulval slit length, vulval bridge length, vulval bridge breadth, under bridge breadth, length of fenestra, breadth of fenestra, distance from anus to fenestra and number of secondary bullae was used to learn more about cyst and cone top morphometric means and their relationships for six populations ofHeterodera zeaefrom Indore, Ludhiana, Delhi, Udaipur, Kanpur and Samastipur by using SPSS 13 for Windows computer software (SPSS Inc.). Values of proximity matrix based on cluster analysis of morphometrics and the dendrograms visually illustrated the grouping and relationships among populations. Intra specific variations in the different characters of the cone top structure revealed that Indore and Samastipur populations ofH. zeaewere different as compared to other ones ofH. zeae.Cluster analysis of cyst morphometrics showed that the populations ofH. zeaefrom Kanpur and Delhi were different as compare to other four ones.
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O'Malley, Brian P., Joseph D. Schmitt, Jeremy P. Holden, and Brian C. Weidel. "Comparison of Specimen- and Image-Based Morphometrics for Cisco." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-029.
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Abstract Morphometric data from fish are typically generated using one of two methods: direct measurements made on a specimen or extraction of distances from a digital picture. We compared data on 12 morphometrics collected with these two methods on the same collection of Cisco Coregonus artedi from Lake Ontario, North America, to assess the degree of bias in measurements made directly on a specimen- vs. an image-based method. We also assessed the degree of reproducibility within the image-based method by evaluating the amount of variation between different analysts for each morphometric method. Our results indicate specific morphometrics may be more prone to bias across the two methods and between analysts. Four of 12 morphometrics evaluated showed significant deviation from a 1:1 relationship that would be expected if the imaged-based method produced accurate specimen-based measurements. Pelvic fin length and pelvic–anal fin distance had the highest between-analyst variation for image-based landmarks, indicating low reproducibility for these metrics, compared with pectoral fin or total length, which had lower between-analyst variation. Although some morphometric measurements can be accurately obtained with either method, and therefore potentially used interchangeably in studies on Cisco morphology, our findings highlight the importance of considering method bias in morphometric studies that use data collected by different methods.
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Parés-Casanova, Pere Miquel, Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño, René Alejandro Crosby-Granados, and Jannet Bentez-Molano. "A Comparison of Traditional and Geometric Morphometric Techniques for the Study of Basicranial Morphology in Horses: A Case Study of the Araucanian Horse from Colombia." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010118.
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Skull size and shape have been widely used to study domestic animal populations and breeds. Although several techniques have been proposed to quantify cranial form, few attempts have been made to compare the results obtained by different techniques. While linear morphometrics has traditionally been used in breed characterization, recent advances in geometric morphometrics have created new techniques for specifically quantifying shape and size. The objective of this study was to compare two morphometric methods for their ability to describe external morphology. For this purpose, 20 skull specimens of adult male Araucanian horses were examined. Two age categories were established (the “mature group”, M3 not fully erupted to moderately worn, n = 7; and the “senile group”, M3 totally erupted and highly worn, n = 13). Both methods showed that there were statistical differences between generations, but discrimination rates were different between methods with the geometric morphometric analysis obtaining a rate of 97.5%. Although linear morphometrics was found to be compatible with geometric morphometrics, the latter was better able to discriminate the two groups and it also provides more information on shape.
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Saul, Carlos, João Carlos Prolla, Vinicius D. da Silva, Cláudio R. Teixeira, and Artur A. Parada. "Morphometric digital measurement of the luminal opening area of colonic crypts (pits) can differentiate the adenomas from other colonic lesions." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 46, no. 2 (June 2009): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032009000200006.
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CONTEXT: Differential diagnosis of hyperplastic vs adenomatous lesions is of crucial importance on the daily practice of colonoscopy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at quantifying digital morphometric characteristics of colonoscopic images obtained with magnification and chromoscopy of three different types of colonic lesions: hyperplastic, adenomas and carcinomas, and the normal mucosa surrounding the lesions. METHODS: A total of 2,177 consecutive colonoscopies were analyzed and 105 images were chosen for analysis, divided into 37 hyperplastic lesions, 42 adenomas and 26 carcinomas. Specific digital morphometry was used, to measure the diameter and area of the pits from hyperplastic lesions, adenomatous and carcinomatous lesions, always comparing them with the normal mucosa surrounding pits. RESULTS: Different morphometric measures were performed via image analysis software to measure the mean pit opening diameters and their respective area. The mean pit opening diameters and corresponding area measurements were statistically significant for all groups of lesions examined. CONCLUSIONS: The morphometric characteristics of colonoscopy images allowing the observer to compare differences between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and colorectal carcinoma lesions. Digital morphometric studies are feasible like the present study shows. This can help the colonoscopist in clinical decisions. A software with morphometric measures can apply and will permit the digital morphometric analysis. The data generated from the application of software, can provide valuable points in differentiation of various lesions, guiding the conduct clinical, already during the endoscopic procedure. Morphometric analysis is more an instance of decision to the colonoscopist and it has important value not for being subjective, but for being objective, since it generates digits of its measures. In these aspects, and among different characteristics, the measure of the area showed to be the most important measure in the differential aspect. Different lesions have different patterns of morphometric measures and theses patterns can be obtained from the study of the characteristics in databases. The endoscopic removal of adenomatous polyps (polypectomy), or a more detailed study of the neoplastic lesions for helping the decision if endoscopic removal (mucosectomy) or surgical resection, and a conservative position in hyperplastic lesions, are proceedings that morphometrics, with another parameters, can help to decide.
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S., Vidya C., and Madhu B. "Foramen magnum - Dry bone study and review of studies from India." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 07, no. 01 (January 2018): 005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701723.
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Abstract Background and Aims: Of late, there is heightened interest in foramen magnum morphology and morphometry as evidenced by innumerable publications in most of the Indian and foreign research journals publishing anatomical studies. The main objective of our study was to report the morphometric data of foramen magnum from Indian population as evidenced by dry bone study. The objective of the review was to report morphometric studies from India and to compare the data between two regions. Methodology: Forty adult dry skulls were studied for morphometric data of foramen magnum. Antero-posterior diameter and width of the foramen were considered. An extensive search for articles with foramen magnum either in the title or keywords was done using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SciELO, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was carried out in December 2017. Search terms restricted to foramen magnum morphometry in dry bones and CT scan studies. Results: The mean AP length and width of foramen magnum was 31.5 ± 3.4 mm and 27.1 ± 3 mm respectively. The mean of foramen magnum index was 1.2±0.2. Out of 37 records, 28 dry bone studies, 8 CT scan studies and one autopsy study was reviewed. A total of 2635 dry bones and 1165 CT scans were studied in 37 studies. Conclusions: There is unprecedented surge in published reports on morphometry of foramen magnum, both dry bone studies and radiological studies. There is no difference between morphometric data between dry bone studies and radiological studies. There is no significant difference between data from two states of India.
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Oktaviana, Putu Anna, Nyoman Adi Suratma, and I. Nengah Wandia. "Morphometry of Liver Fluke (Fasciola Gigantica) Infecting Balinese Cattle." Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jvas.2019.v02.i01.p02.
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Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica belong to Trematoda family which can cause fasciolosis. Fasciola hepatica is commonly found in temperate climates, while Fasciola gigantica is found in areas with wet tropical climates. Research on Fasciola gigantica especially in Bali is still very little, was just limited to the prevalence, epidemiology and histopathology of liver. This study aims to determine the morphometry of Fasciola gigantica infecting Bali cattle in Bali. This descriptive study used 43 samples of worms. Measurement of morphometry is done by microscope equipped with camera Axio Cam ERc 5S and software used is IMAGEJ and ZEN LITE. The morphometric analysis showed that there were two differentiating factors that is PB (Body Length) and LB (Body Width). The morphometric of Fasciola gigantica in Bali is smaller compared to Fasciola gigantica in general but larger than Fasciola hepatica.
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Yadava, Om Prakash, Vinod Sharma, Arvind Prakash, Vikas Ahlawat, Anirban Kundu, Bikram K. Mohanty, Rekha Mishra, and Amit K. Dinda. "Correlation between Doppler, Manual Morphometry, and Histopathology Based Morphometry of Radial Artery as a Conduit in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Cardiology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8047340.
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Background. Long-term graft patency is the major factor impacting survival after coronary artery bypass grafting. Arteries are superior in this regard. Radial artery is considered the second best conduit after internal mammary artery. Several studies have shown excellent radial artery patency. We evaluated the morphologic characteristics of radial artery by three modalities, (i) preoperative Doppler ultrasound, (ii) intraoperative manual morphometry, and (iii) postoperative histology-based morphometry, and compared these with the aim of validating Doppler as a noninvasive test of choice for preoperative assessment of radial artery.Methods. This was a prospective study involving 100 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in which radial artery was used. The radial artery was assessed using preoperative Doppler ultrasound studies, intraoperative morphometry, and postoperative histopathology and morphometry. The morphometric measurements included (i) luminal diameter, (ii) intimal and medial thickness, and (iii) intima-media thickness ratio.Results. Using Bland-Altman plots, there was a 95% limit of agreement between the preoperative Doppler measurements and the postoperative histopathology and morphometry.Conclusion. Doppler ultrasound is an accurate screening test for evaluation of radial artery, in terms of intimal/medial thickness and luminal diameter as a conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting and has been validated by both morphometric and histopathology based studies.
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Sampaio, Wlaisa V., Karol G. Oliveira, Danuza L. Leão, Maria C. Caldas-Bussiere, Helder L. Queiroz, Fernanda P. Paim, Regiane R. Santos, and Sheyla F. S. Domingues. "Morphologic analysis of sperm from two neotropical primate species: comparisons between the squirrel monkeys Saimiri collinsi and Saimiri vanzolinii." Zygote 25, no. 2 (January 16, 2017): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199416000411.
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SummarySperm morphometry can be applied to identify different animal groups and species and to evaluate sperm quality. Furthermore, knowledge on species-specific differences will help to enhance biological information, as well as to develop efficient reproductive technologies. The aims in the present study were to describe sperm morphometry from the recently characterized species S. collinsi and S. vanzolinii, to verify if the morphometric sperm patterns are similar or different between both species, and to determine if the sperm morphometry is affected by the levels of sperm defects using the S. collinsi as a model. Semen was collected from S. collinsi (n = 10) and S. vanzolinii (n = 2) monkeys, and sperm was submitted to morphological analysis. From the 10 samples from S. collinsi, five presented sperm of poor quality and two subgroups were formed for this species, i.e. high and poor quality sperm. Data on sperm motility and vigour were analysed, as well morphometric parameters on sperm head and tail. It was observed the normal morphometry was correlated with high quality sperm. Poor quality sperm presented smaller and 7% more ellipticity in their head, when compared with high quality sperm. Sperm from S. vanzolinii presented larger head than those from S. collinsi, but tail lengths were similar. Sperm morphometry can be used as a complementary tool to predict sperm motility and vigour for the S. collinsi species, and S. collinsi appear as a suitable model for S. vanzolinii.
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Claytor, R. R., and E. Verspoor. "Discordant phenotypic variation in sympatric resident and anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-401.
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Sympatric but electrophoretically distinguishable resident and anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from Little Gull Lake, Newfoundland, were compared for meristic and morphometric variation. No morphometric differentiation was detected. As the two populations have similar juvenile rearing habitats, this result is consistent with the hypothesis that local water-flow conditions are important in determining morphometry. Meristic divergence is as great as that between regional North American stocks, and the Little Gull Lake resident population is significantly different from all other Newfoundland–Labrador populations. With our data we cannot separate environmental from genetic contributions to the mersitic divergences because spatially separate spawning locations coincide with temperature differences. Our results suggest that meristic, morphometric, and electrophoretic variation are likely to be congruent only by coincidence among Atlantic salmon populations and that these characteristics likely evolve independently.
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Sicuro, Fernando L., Luiz Flamarion B. Oliveira, Carla D. Hendges, and Carlos Fonseca. "Quantifying bite force in coexisting tayassuids and feral suids: a comparison between morphometric functional proxies and in vivo measurements." PeerJ 9 (August 12, 2021): e11948. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11948.
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Background Measuring mammals’ bite force in laboratory conditions is not a simple task, let alone on wild medium-sized mammals in the field. Thus, morphometric-proxies are usually used to infer morphofunctional properties of musculoskeletal features. For instance, the study of bite force-indexes suggests that different capacities to crack food items reduce the competition between coexistent collared and white-lipped peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari). The presence of exotic feral hogs (Sus scrofa) in peccaries’ endemic areas gives rise to new ecological interactions between them. An example is the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, where ecomorphological mechanisms may play a role in their ecological relations. Taking this scenario as a case of study, we aimed to verify if the morphometric-proxies are de facto reliable tools, by comparing bite forces-indexes with the in vivo bite forces of these species. Methods We captured 21 collared and white-lipped peccaries and feral hogs in the Brazilian Pantanal to assess their bite force at first molar. The Bite Force Measuring Tube (BiTu) is a robust and simple mechanical device designed to be used in field conditions. Only 11 individuals successfully bit the BiTu before being released. Their body measurements were compared and correlated with their bite force. The in vivo bite forces were compared with bite force-indexes of two papers based on independent morphometric methods and datasets: Sicuro & Oliveira (2002) used classic morphometrics to infer the bite forces of these three species in the Brazilian Pantanal, and Hendges et al. (2019) used geometric morphometrics to compare bite forces-indexes and feeding habits of the extant peccary species. The results of all species were standardized (Z-curves) according to each method. Doing so, we obtained comparable dimensionless comparable values but maintaining the differences between them. Results The morphometric-proxies-based studies presented similar results: collared peccaries present weaker bites than white-lipped peccaries and feral hogs, while these two species presented no significant differences in their bite force-indexes. The in vivo bite force results suggest the same relations predicted by the morphometric models, including the high variation among the feral hogs. We found a significant correlation between the individuals’ weight (kg) and their actual bite force (N) but no significant correlations with the head length. Conclusions The BiTu proved to be a functional and low-cost tool to measure bite force in field conditions. The in vivo results presented a good correspondence with the predictions based on morphometric-proxies by Sicuro & Oliveira (2002) and Hendges et al. (2019). The results denote that these studies succeed in capturing the biomechanical signal of the three species’ skull-jaw systems. This empirical validation confirms that these morphometric-proxies analyses are reliable methods to ecomorphological and evolutionary inferences.
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Kerschbaumer, Michaela, and Christian Sturmbauer. "The Utility of Geometric Morphometrics to Elucidate Pathways of Cichlid Fish Evolution." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (May 26, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/290245.
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Fishes of the family Cichlidae are famous for their spectacular species flocks and therefore constitute a model system for the study of the pathways of adaptive radiation. Their radiation is connected to trophic specialization, manifested in dentition, head morphology, and body shape. Geometric morphometric methods have been established as efficient tools to quantify such differences in overall body shape or in particular morphological structures and meanwhile found wide application in evolutionary biology. As a common feature, these approaches define and analyze coordinates of anatomical landmarks, rather than traditional counts or measurements. Geometric morphometric methods have several merits compared to traditional morphometrics, particularly for the distinction and analysis of closely related entities. Cichlid evolutionary research benefits from the efficiency of data acquisition, the manifold opportunities of analyses, and the potential to visualize shape changes of those landmark-based methods. This paper briefly introduces to the concepts and methods of geometric morphometrics and presents a selection of publications where those techniques have been successfully applied to various aspects of cichlid fish diversification.
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Radostina, Simeonov. "Quantitative Morphology as a Prognostic Factor in Feline Spontaneous Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas." Acta Veterinaria 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2018-0022.
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Abstract In a study on cytological specimens from 30 cats with histologically confi rmed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, the morphometric variables mean nuclear area (MNA, μm2), mean nuclear perimeter (MNP, μm), mean nuclear diameter (D mean, μm), minimum nuclear diameter (D min, μm) and maximum nuclear diameter (D max, μm) were studied and compared to metastases in regional lymph nodes. The mean values of these parameters were signifi cantly greater in cats with lymph node metastases compared to parameters of tumour cells from cats which were lymph node-negative. A signifi cant positive correlation was observed between all studied morphometric parameters and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. In conclusion, computer -assisted nuclear morphometry could be used as a prognostic method in the diagnosis of spontaneous feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.
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Žura Žaja, Ivona, Silvijo Vince, Nina Poljičak Milas, Ingo Ralph Albin Lobpreis, Branimira Špoljarić, Ana Shek Vugrovečki, Suzana Milinković-Tur, et al. "A New Method of Assessing Sheep Red Blood Cell Types from Their Morphology." Animals 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121130.
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Data concerning the morphometric parameters of sheep red blood cells (RBCs) obtained using computer-assisted image analysis have not yet been investigated, and there are no data on any analyses of ovine RBC subpopulations based on their morphometric parameters. The aims of this study are to determine the values of RBC haematological and morphometric size and shape parameters, to form groups according to the obtained values of haematological parameters; to determine the differences in RBC morphometric parameters between the formed groups, and to determine RBC subpopulations and their respective proportions in the formed groups. Thirty-six blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of clinically healthy Lika pramenka sheep, aged between 2 and 5 years. Haematological parameters including haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HTC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and RBC distribution width were analysed using a haematology analyser. Haematological parameters were categorized into two groups: those with lower values or values below the physiological range (Groups 1) and groups with higher values or values above the physiological range (Groups 2). Morphometric parameters of RBCs were determined from stained blood smears using SFORM, a computer-assisted program. Significantly higher values of RBC area, outline, convex, minimal and maximal radius, as well as length and breadth were established in Groups 2 compared to Groups 1 of HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, respectively. Based on the morphometric parameters of RBCs, three RBC subpopulations were obtained using principal component and cluster analysis: ES 1—the smallest and most elongated RBCs, ES 2—the biggest and most rounded RBCs, and ES 3—average size and shape RBCs. Significantly higher proportions of ES 2 and ES 3 subpopulations, as well as a significantly lower proportion of ES 1 subpopulation, were established in Groups 2 compared to Groups 1 of HGB, HTC, MCV, and MCH, respectively. It can be concluded that ovine RBC subpopulations, based on their morphometric parameters, can be obtained by using computer-assisted image analysis of RBC morphometry and multivariate statistical methods, including principal component and cluster analysis. RBC morphometry, including classification into subpopulations, could serve as a basis for future possibilities in the diagnostic interpretation of anaemic syndromes in veterinary medicine, especially in normocytic, macrocytic, and microcytic anaemias in sheep.
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Álvarez-Castañeda, Sergio Ticul, and Laura A. Nájera-Cortazar. "Do island populations differ in size and shape compared to mainland counterparts?" Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz193.
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Abstract Adaptation and evolution of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting islands have been the topic of many studies, particularly those seeking to identify trends or patterns in body size in mammals, albeit not necessarily in shape, in relation to mainland populations. The spiny pocket mouse, Chaetodipus spinatus, is distributed in the Baja California peninsula and its surrounding islands. Insular populations became isolated ~12,000 due to changes in sea level; these populations’ matrilinear (mitochondrial) DNA shows minor interpopulation variation. We tested the hypothesis that adaptation and evolution in these island populations involve variation in both skull size and skull shape (using geometric morphometrics) relative to mainland populations, rather than only in size as previously assumed. A total of 363 specimens from 15 insular and peninsular populations were used in analysis of the skull length and geometric morphometric analyses. Our findings revealed significant differences related to skull size among population. The skull shape analyses showed two significantly different morphotypes: one for all island specimens and one for all mainland samples. Our analyses support the hypothesis that insular populations may not only vary in size relative to mainland populations, but may also show variations in shape, regardless of differing conditions across islands.
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Bilego Neto, Antônio Paulo da Costa, Fernando Braga Cassiano Silveira, Greice Anne Rodrigues da Silva, Luciana Sayuri Sanada, and Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan. "Reproducibility in Nerve Morphometry: Comparison between Methods and among Observers." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/682849.
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We investigated the reproducibility of a semiautomated method (computerized with manual intervention) for nerve morphometry (counting and measuring myelinated fibers) between three observers with different levels of expertise and experience with the method. Comparisons between automatic (fully computerized) and semiautomated morphometric methods performed by the same computer software using the same nerve images were also performed. Sural nerves of normal adult rats were used. Automatic and semiautomated morphometry of the myelinated fibers were made through the computer software KS-400. Semiautomated morphometry was conducted by three independent observers on the same images, using the semiautomated method. Automatic morphometry overestimated the myelin sheath area, thus overestimating the myelinated fiber size and underestimating the axon size. Fiber distributions overestimation was of 0.5 μm. For the semiautomated morphometry, no differences were found between observers for myelinated fiber and axon size distributions. Overestimation of the myelin sheath size of normal fibers by the fully automatic method might have an impact when morphometry is used for diagnostic purposes. We suggest that not only semiautomated morphometry results can be compared between different centers in clinical trials but it can also be performed by more than one investigator in one single experiment, being a reliable and reproducible method.
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Christodoulou, Maria D., and Alastair Culham. "When do apples stop growing, and why does it matter?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0252288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252288.
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Apples in the commercial food chain are harvested up to two weeks before maturity. We explore apple fruit development through the growing season to establish the point at which physical features differentiating those cultivars become evident. This is relevant both for the understanding of the growing process and to ensure that any identification and classification tools can be used both on ripened-on-tree and stored fruit. Current literature presents some contradictory findings on apple growth, we studied 12 apple cultivars in the Brogdale National Fruit Collection, UK over two seasons to establish patterns of growth. Fruit were sampled at regular time points throughout the growing season and four morphometrics (maximum length, maximum diameter, weight, and centroid size) were collected. These were regressed against growing degree days in order to appropriately describe the growth pattern observed. All four morphometrics were adequately described using log-log linear regressions, with adjusted R2 estimates ranging from 78.3% (maximum length) to 86.7% (weight). For all four morphometrics, a 10% increase in growing degree days was associated with a 1% increase in the morphometric. Our findings refine previous work presenting rapid early growth followed by a plateau in later stages of development and contrast with published expo-linear models. We established that apples harvested for commercial storage purposes, two weeks prior to maturity, showed only a modest decrease in size compared with ripened-on-tree fruit, demonstrating that size morphometric approaches are appropriate for classification of apple fruit at point of harvest.
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Karhula, S. S., M. A. J. Finnilä, S. J. O. Rytky, D. M. Cooper, J. Thevenot, M. Valkealahti, K. P. H. Pritzker, et al. "Quantifying Subresolution 3D Morphology of Bone with Clinical Computed Tomography." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 48, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02374-2.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify sub-resolution trabecular bone morphometrics, which are also related to osteoarthritis (OA), from clinical resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Samples (n = 53) were harvested from human tibiae (N = 4) and femora (N = 7). Grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture and histogram-based parameters were calculated from CBCT imaged trabecular bone data, and compared with the morphometric parameters quantified from micro-computed tomography. As a reference for OA severity, histological sections were subjected to OARSI histopathological grading. GLCM and histogram parameters were correlated to bone morphometrics and OARSI individually. Furthermore, a statistical model of combined GLCM/histogram parameters was generated to estimate the bone morphometrics. Several individual histogram and GLCM parameters had strong associations with various bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.7). The most prominent correlation was observed between the histogram mean and bone volume fraction (r = 0.907). The statistical model combining GLCM and histogram-parameters resulted in even better association with bone volume fraction determined from CBCT data (adjusted R2 change = 0.047). Histopathology showed mainly moderate associations with bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.4). In conclusion, we demonstrated that GLCM- and histogram-based parameters from CBCT imaged trabecular bone (ex vivo) are associated with sub-resolution morphometrics. Our results suggest that sub-resolution morphometrics can be estimated from clinical CBCT images, associations becoming even stronger when combining histogram and GLCM-based parameters.
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Tanaka, K., and D. K. Zelenitsky. "Comparisons between experimental and morphometric water vapor conductance in the eggs of extant birds and crocodiles: implications for predicting nest type in dinosaurs." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 12 (December 2014): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0078.
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Estimates of water vapor conductance for the eggs (i.e., diffusive capacity of eggshell; Gh2o, mg H2O·day−1·Torr−1) of extinct archosaur species have been used to infer their nest type (i.e., covered vs. open) because experimental Gh2o values for living archosaur species appear to reflect nest type. The methods used to derive Gh2o for fossil eggs (eggshell morphometrics) differs from that for extant eggs (experimental measurements), and it remains unknown if these two methods are comparable or if morphometric Gh2o values correspond to nest type. Although previous studies assumed that Gh2o values derived from the two methods were comparable, this assumption has not been statistically evaluated in a large sample size that includes both crocodiles and birds. Here, Gh2o values for over 100 species of living archosaurs for both morphometric and experimental methods were compiled and compared using statistical analyses. Results showed that although experimental and morphometric Gh2o values are significantly correlated, there is disagreement between the methods particularly apparent in small eggs, likely due to systematic errors. These results suggest that morphometric and experimental Gh2o of living species are not necessarily comparable, although the reason for the discrepancy remains uncertain. Thus, direct comparisons between morphometric Gh2o of dinosaurs and experimental Gh2o of living species should be avoided when inferring the nest type for dinosaurs.
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Jaap, Kathryn, Marie Hunsinger, James Dove, Katrina Mcginty, Edward Stefanowicz, Jillian Fera, Jeffrey Wild, Mohsen Shabahang, and Joseph Blansfield. "Morphometric Predictors of Morbidity after Pancreatectomy." American Surgeon 82, no. 12 (December 2016): 1221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481608201230.
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Pancreatic surgery has historically been associated with high morbidity and mortality. One model that could predict outcomes is the assessment of preoperative morphometrics. The objective of this study was to compare different clinical and morphometric features of patients undergoing pancreatectomy to predict morbidity. This is a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing pancreatectomy from December 2004 to October 2013. Morphometric parameters on preoperative CT scans were measured and patients were grouped to examine their association with postoperative morbidity. A total of 180 patients were included in this study (90 males and 90 females). At the time of diagnosis, patients had an average age of 66.7 years (range = 24–90), and median body mass index of 27.4 kg/m2 (range = 16–58 kg/m2). Sixty-one patients (33.9%) experienced surgical complications. Of the individual morphometric variables examined, sarcopenia was the best predictor of length of stay and surgical complications. On multivariate analysis, there was a strong statistically significant correlation of sarcopenia with surgical complications (odds ratio = 3.524, P = 0.0049). No other morphometric variables predicted morbidity. Sarcopenia is a useful predictor for postoperative morbidity after pancreatectomy. The results of this study suggest that noninvasive preoperative testing can be used to quantify postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery.
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Park, Young-Seok. "Section Plane Effects on Morphometric Values of Microcomputed Tomography." BioMed Research International 2019 (January 17, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7905404.
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Objectives. Histomorphometry is the established gold standard for inspection of trabecular microstructures in biomaterial research. However, microcomputed tomography can provide images from the perspective of various section planes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different section planes, which may cause bias in two-dimensional morphometry, on the morphometric values of microcomputed tomography. Methods. A socket preservation technique was performed on the extracted premolar area of 4 beagle dogs. After an 8-week healing period, a total of 16 specimens were obtained and analyzed with conventional histomorphometry and microtomographic morphometry. Using the original images of the histologic specimens for comparison, the most similar tomographic image was selected by trial and error. Then, the section plane was then moved with ±79 μm parallel offsets and rotated ±10° around the center from the occlusal view. The images were compared in terms of bone, graft, and noncalcified area, and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was calculated. Results. There was a high CCC in the comparison between histomorphometric images and the most similar microtomographic images. However, the CCC value was low in the comparisons with both parallel movement and rotation. Our results demonstrate that the sectioning plane has a significant effect on measurements. Conclusion. Two-dimensional morphometric values for biomaterial research should be interpreted with caution, and the simultaneous use of complementary 3-dimensional tools is recommended.
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Černík, Julius, Eva Štercová, Jan Šterc, Petr Fictum, Jiří Luňáček, and Roman Halouzka. "The effect of intensive fattening of bulls with a high-concentrate diet on ruminal mucosa – a morphometric study." Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, no. 3 (2011): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201180030275.
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The aim of the study was to identify the effect of fattening of experimental Simmental bulls (a total of 10 animals) with a high-concentrate diet on ruminal mucosa and dimensions of ruminal papillae, and to assess the intensity of keratinization of papillary epithelium. The experimental period lasted from weaning to slaughter (359 days). Histopathological and morphometric examinations of ruminal mucosa indicated that the ruminal papillae of bulls from the experimental group were better developed (long with a lower degree of keratinization) compared to the control group. Significant differences between the experimental and control groups were found in the length of ruminal papillae (p = 0.005), width of stratum corneum (p = 0.034) and degree of mucosal keratinization on the surface of ruminal papillae (p = 0.014). Conclusive results of morphometric analysis prove the facility of the use of morphometrics as a method useful for veterinary pathology, mainly for the accuracy of the histological diagnosis.
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Pikalova, Ekaterina V., and Yulia F. Kukhlevskaya. "Morphobiology and assessment of the introduction possibilities of Leonurus cardiaca L." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 21, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-2-211-219.
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The data on the study of morphometric parameters of one of the most valuable medicinal plants – Leonurus cardiaca L., growing in the collection site of medicinal plants of the Botanical garden of the OSU are presented. The parameters of samples, obtained from the cities of Samara and Kazan were compared . All the studied plants have passed the full cycle of their development with the formation of viable seeds. It is established, that the studied species adapts well to new growing conditions, while the morphometric parameters vary within the middle – very high levels of variability. Analysis of seed morphometry showed that the maximum values of the length and width of the seed are typical for samples from Kazan, the weight of 1000 seeds varies from 7.3 g to 9.2 g, depending on the weather conditions of a particular year of research. The assessment of introduction resistance made it possible to classify the species as stable and promising for cultivation.
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Goswami, Anjali, Akinobu Watanabe, Ryan N. Felice, Carla Bardua, Anne-Claire Fabre, and P. David Polly. "High-Density Morphometric Analysis of Shape and Integration: The Good, the Bad, and the Not-Really-a-Problem." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz120.
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Abstract The field of comparative morphology has entered a new phase with the rapid generation of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) data. With freely available 3D data of thousands of species, methods for quantifying morphology that harness this rich phenotypic information are quickly emerging. Among these techniques, high-density geometric morphometric approaches provide a powerful and versatile framework to robustly characterize shape and phenotypic integration, the covariances among morphological traits. These methods are particularly useful for analyses of complex structures and across disparate taxa, which may share few landmarks of unambiguous homology. However, high-density geometric morphometrics also brings challenges, for example, with statistical, but not biological, covariances imposed by placement and sliding of semilandmarks and registration methods such as Procrustes superimposition. Here, we present simulations and case studies of high-density datasets for squamates, birds, and caecilians that exemplify the promise and challenges of high-dimensional analyses of phenotypic integration and modularity. We assess: (1) the relative merits of “big” high-density geometric morphometrics data over traditional shape data; (2) the impact of Procrustes superimposition on analyses of integration and modularity; and (3) differences in patterns of integration between analyses using high-density geometric morphometrics and those using discrete landmarks. We demonstrate that for many skull regions, 20–30 landmarks and/or semilandmarks are needed to accurately characterize their shape variation, and landmark-only analyses do a particularly poor job of capturing shape variation in vault and rostrum bones. Procrustes superimposition can mask modularity, especially when landmarks covary in parallel directions, but this effect decreases with more biologically complex covariance patterns. The directional effect of landmark variation on the position of the centroid affects recovery of covariance patterns more than landmark number does. Landmark-only and landmark-plus-sliding-semilandmark analyses of integration are generally congruent in overall pattern of integration, but landmark-only analyses tend to show higher integration between adjacent bones, especially when landmarks placed on the sutures between bones introduces a boundary bias. Allometry may be a stronger influence on patterns of integration in landmark-only analyses, which show stronger integration prior to removal of allometric effects compared to analyses including semilandmarks. High-density geometric morphometrics has its challenges and drawbacks, but our analyses of simulated and empirical datasets demonstrate that these potential issues are unlikely to obscure genuine biological signal. Rather, high-density geometric morphometric data exceed traditional landmark-based methods in characterization of morphology and allow more nuanced comparisons across disparate taxa. Combined with the rapid increases in 3D data availability, high-density morphometric approaches have immense potential to propel a new class of studies of comparative morphology and phenotypic integration.
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Bayrón-Arcelay, Margarette, Kyara Rodríguez-Camacho, and Dimaris Acosta-Mercado. "Morphological Response of Bolivina Lowmani to Sediment Composition and Organic Matter: Applying Geometric Morphometrics for Potential Bio-Monitoring." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 50, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.249.
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ABSTRACT It is well established that sediment composition plays an important role in shaping the community of benthic foraminifera (e.g., species richness). To our knowledge, there is little information about morphometric variations in benthic foraminifera in relation to sediment composition and organic matter content. However, given their sensitivity to these environmental variables, variations in size (width and height of the test) and shape (form of the test) of the foraminifera could provide information about potential disturbances, serving as an index of anthropogenic pressure for coastal ecosystems. In this study, we used geometric morphometrics to compare the average size and shape of a common species, Bolivina lowmani, among islets in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. We hypothesized that the average size and shape of B. lowmani will be different among islets. We further hypothesize that there will be a concomitant morphometric gradient of B. lowmani with sediment particle size and organic matter content. After a random sampling approach, we found that size regressed as a function of mud content and shape variations regressed as a function of organic matter content. Therefore, sediment composition could be a factor affecting foraminiferal growth rates highlighting that the morphometrics of benthic foraminifera could be added to the list of potential indexes that could be used to track current environmental degradation in coastal habitats. Furthermore, our data validate the sensitivity of foraminifera and their usefulness as indicators of environmental hazards.
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Beier, K. "Light microscopic morphometric analysis of peroxisomes by automatic image analysis: advantages of immunostaining over the alkaline DAB method." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 1 (January 1992): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.1.1370307.
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The feasibility of light microscopic post-embedding immunocytochemistry for morphometry of peroxisomes using automatic image analysis was investigated and compared with the classical alkaline DAB method. Perfusion-fixed rat liver tissue was either embedded in LR White or incubated in the alkaline diaminobenzidine (DAB) medium for cytochemical visualization of catalase. Sections from the LR White-embedded material were incubated with a monospecific antibody against catalase, followed by protein A-gold and silver intensification. Determination of peroxisomal volume density in sections of different thickness revealed that the values increased with section thickness in DAB-stained sections but were unaffected in immunostained preparations. Moreover, the absolute value for volume density of peroxisomes, as determined by light microscopy in immunostained sections, was quite close to the value obtained by analysis of electron microscopic preparations. Finally, morphometric analysis of bezafibrate-induced peroxisome proliferation revealed that the ratio of proliferation obtained by light microscopy in immunostained sections was very close to the results obtained by electron microscopic morphometry. The main advantage of post-embedding immunostaining for light microscopic morphometry is that it restricts the immunocytochemical reaction product to the surface of the section, thus making it independent of section thickness.
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Strefezzi, R. De F., J. G. Xavier, and J. L. Catão-Dias. "Morphometry of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors." Veterinary Pathology 40, no. 3 (May 2003): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.40-3-268.
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Twenty-four canine cutaneous nodules, diagnosed as mast cell tumors by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and confirmed by histopathologic analysis by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and toluidine blue, were analyzed by computerized nuclear morphometry on panoptic- and HE-stained cytopathology slides. Two hundred nuclei per lesion were examined. The morphometric parameters investigated were nuclear area, mean diameter, perimeter, regularity factor, and ellipticity factor. Lesions were graded as I (well differentiated), II (intermediate differentiation), or III (poorly differentiated) according to the following morphologic features: invasiveness, cellularity and cellular morphology, mitotic index, and stromal reaction. Nuclear morphometric results were then compared with histopathologic grades. Values of nuclear area, mean diameter, and perimeter increased with increase in histopathologic grade, but statistical analysis revealed significant differences only between grades II and III and between grades I and III when HE was used ( P, 0.01) and between grades I and III with panoptic stain ( P, 0.05). The ellipticity factor and regularity factor did not reveal significant differences between histopathologic grades. The results indicate that nuclear morphometric analysis, in combination with the rapid and inexpensive cytopathology technique, can help in mast cell tumor grading, thus contributing to the establishment of a more precise prognosis and treatment.
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Litzlbauer, Horst Detlef, Christoph Neuhaeuser, Alexander Moell, Susanne Greschus, Andreas Breithecker, Folker Ernst Franke, Wolfgang Kummer, and Wigbert Stephan Rau. "Three-dimensional imaging and morphometric analysis of alveolar tissue from microfocal X-ray-computed tomography." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 291, no. 3 (September 2006): L535—L545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00088.2005.
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We evaluated microfocal X-ray-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a method to visualize lung architecture two and three dimensionally and to obtain morphometric data. Inflated porcine lungs were fixed by formaldehyde ventilation. Tissue samples (8-mm diameter, 10-mm height) were stained with osmium tetroxide, and 400 projection images (1,024 × 1,024 pixel) were obtained. Continuous isometric micro-CT scans (voxel size 9 μm) were acquired to reconstruct two- and three-dimensional images. Tissue samples were sectioned (8-μm thickness) for histological analysis. Alveolar surface density and mean linear intercept were assessed by stereology-based morphometry in micro-CT scans and corresponding histological sections. Furthermore, stereology-based morphometry was compared with morphometric semi-automated micro-CT analysis within the same micro-CT scan. Agreement of methods was assessed by regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Comparing histology with micro-CT, alveolar surface densities (35.4 ± 2.4 vs. 33.4 ± 1.9/mm, P < 0.05) showed a correlation ( r = 0.72; P = 0.018) with an agreement of 2 ± 1.6/mm; the mean linear intercept (135.7 ± 14.5 vs. 135.8 ± 15 μm) correlated well ( r = 0.97; P < 0.0001) with an agreement of −0.1 ± 3.4 μm. Semi-automated micro-CT analysis resulted in smaller alveolar surface densities (33.4 ± 1.9 vs. 30.5 ± 1/mm; P < 0.01) with a correlation ( r = 0.70; P = 0.023) and agreement of 2.9 ± 1.4/mm. Non-destructive micro-CT scanning offers the advantage to visualize the spatial tissue architecture of small lung samples two and three dimensionally.
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Hakim, A., H. Nuraini, R. Priyanto, and T. Harsi. "Dimensi Tubuh Sapi Friesian Holstein dan Limousin Betina Berdasarkan Morfometrik dengan Citra Digital." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.7.2.47-56.
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Digital image analysis have been applied to determine and follow the body measurement, live weights, and animal growth. The objectives on this study were to compare linear body measurement (BMs) method (manually and digital image analysis) and to compare size and body dimension of Friesian Holstein (FH) and Limousin cows. In this study, the BMs of FH and Limousin cows was determined using digital image analysis (IA). Linear measurement of primary morphometrics, part of Columna vertebralis, and extrimity length of cows was first determined manually, by direct measurement. Then the digital images of cows were taken and the results obtained through the calculations were recorded into the computer and analized by Corel draw. Result showed that the BMs with both methods measurement was not significant different and IA method had lower coefficient variation (CV) than manual, which indicates the IA method can be used for morphometric study. For the body dimension, FH had larger frame size and lower body weight than Limousin. The different of breed caused differences in morphometric performances. FH had longer thoraxoc vertebrae, wither height, space between ischium, and space coxae to ischium than Limousin. Limousin had longer cervicalis vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, and scapulla.
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Rovaris, Karla, Polyane Mazucatto Queiroz, Karla de Faria Vasconcelos, Lívia dos Santos Corpas, Bernardo Mattos da Silveira, and Deborah Queiroz Freitas. "Segmentation Methods for Micro CT Images: A Comparative Study Using Human Bone Samples." Brazilian Dental Journal 29, no. 2 (March 2018): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801385.
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Abstract X-ray microtomography (microCT) is a nondestructive technique used to assess bone morphometry. For an accurate analysis, it is necessary to segment the bone tissue from the background images, avoiding under- or overestimation of the real bone volume. Thus, segmentation methods for microCT can influence the accuracy of bone morphometry analysis. The purpose of this study was to compare two different image segmentation methods available on microCT software (subjective and objective) regarding to the human bone morphometric analysis. Sixteen samples containing a fixation screws covered by 0.5-1mm of bone were scanned using the SkyScan 1173 scanner. Three examiners segmented the microCT images subjectively and recorded the threshold values. Subsequently, an objective segmentation was also done. The 3D analysis was performed for both images using the values previously determined in CTAn software. Five bone morphometric parameters were calculated (BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, Conn.Den) and used as dependent variables. ANOVA showed no significant differences between the methods concerning BV/TV (p=0.424), Tb.N (p=0.672), Tb.Th (p=0.183), Tb.Sp (p=0.973) and Conn.Den (p=0.204). Intra- and interobserver agreement ranged from satisfactory to excellent (0.55-1 and 0.546-0.991, respectively). Therefore, results obtained with subjective threshorlding were similar to those obtained with objective segmentation. Since objective segmentation does not have human input and it is a truly objective method, it should be the first choice in microCT studies that concern homogeneity and high resolution human bone sample.
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Afshan, K., M. A. Valero, M. Qayyum, R. V. Peixoto, A. Magraner, and S. Mas-Coma. "Phenotypes of intermediate forms of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in buffaloes from Central Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 4 (June 4, 2013): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000369.
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AbstractFascioliasis is an important food-borne parasitic disease caused by the two trematode species, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The phenotypic features of fasciolid adults and eggs infecting buffaloes inhabiting the Central Punjab area, Pakistan, have been studied to characterize fasciolid populations involved. Morphometric analyses were made with a computer image analysis system (CIAS) applied on the basis of standardized measurements. Since it is the first study of this kind undertaken in Pakistan, the results are compared to pure fasciolid populations: (a) F. hepatica from the European Mediterranean area; and (b) F. gigantica from Burkina Faso; i.e. geographical areas where both species do not co-exist. Only parasites obtained from bovines were used. The multivariate analysis showed that the characteristics, including egg morphometrics, of fasciolids from Central Punjab, Pakistan, are between F. hepatica and F. gigantica standard populations. Similarly, the morphometric measurements of fasciolid eggs from Central Punjab are also between F. hepatica and F. gigantica standard populations. These results demonstrate the existence of fasciolid intermediate forms in endemic areas in Pakistan.
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Le, Ngoc Son, and Thuy Yen Duong. "Intraspecific variations in morphology of swamp barb (Puntius brevis)." Can Tho University Journal of Science 13, Aquaculture (June 30, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2021.016.
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Understanding inter-population variation and sexual differences in morphology is a fundamental part of taxonomic and biological research. External morphology of swamp barb (Puntius brevis) was compared between sexes and among three populations in the Mekong Delta, including O Mon-Can Tho (n=86), U Minh Thuong-Kien Giang (n=49) and U Minh Ha-Ca Mau (n=77). The results illustrate that color and countable parameters are similar in all populations. Nonetheless, 9 out of 20 morphometric indices are significantly different among three populations (P<0.05), where 6 indices are more important criteria to distinguish among swamp barb populations. Furthermore, the sexual dimorphism of this species is indicated in 16/20 morphometric indices consisting of 5 indices relating egg-carrying characteristics. In particular, the females have higher values of indices relating to abdomen and head parts while most of fin length indices are larger in males than in females. In sum, intraspecific variation in morphometrics of swamp barb is mainly due to sexual dimorphism rather than populations.
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Coutinho, Marina Cyrino Leal, Paulo Cesar Paiva, and Cinthya Simone Gomes Santos. "Morphometric analysis of two sympatric species ofPerinereis(Annelida: Nereididae) from the Brazilian coast." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 5 (March 17, 2015): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000247.
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Species definition is not an easy task, when considering the more than 27 known species concepts. Among them, the morphospecies concept has been one of the most applied since it is based on the use of observable morphological features. Morphometry has been used to delimitate morphospecies or similar taxa complementing the morphological observations and contributing to clarify taxonomic problems. Specimens from the sympatric speciesPerinereis anderssoniandPerinereis ponteni,collected from the north-eastern to southern coast of Brazil and considered synonymous by some authors, were compared through morphometric analyses for the evaluation of their taxonomic status. Morphometric analysis indicates that notopodial cirri lengths in the median and posterior regions on the body clearly allowed differentiation between the two species. Our results indicate that the number and arrangement of paragnaths demonstrate a pattern of variation that effectively differs and could be used to discriminate these twoPerinereisspecies. This distinction was confirmed by the restricted among-population variability within each species, even when populations that are geographically very distant from each other were considered.
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Barón, Pedro J., and María E. Ré. "Morphometry of the northern Patagonian sympatric populations of Loligo sanpaulensis and Loligo gahi." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 2 (April 2002): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005453.
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Loligo gahi and Loligo sanpaulensis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda), two squid species presently under exploitation in the south-west Atlantic, are sympatric in coastal waters of northern Patagonia. In the present study, the morphometry of both species' northern Patagonian populations was analysed and compared. Relationships between the morphometric variables and mantle length, the standard measure of size for squids, are allometric in most cases. Weight and fin length show different rates of growth relative to mantle length in males and females of both species. Fin length, fin width and mantle length are the best morphometric variables to discriminate the mantle/fin complexes. Free rachis length, gladius length and gladius width are the most useful to separate both species' pens. The best discrimination of the tentacles is provided by the diameter of the central and marginal suckers and the number of teeth on the three largest sucker rings. Discriminant functions are provided to allow the classification of individuals from both species and the identification of pens and tentacle clubs found in predators digestive contents.
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Ilić, Marija, Vida Jojić, Gorana Stamenković, Vanja Marković, Vladica Simić, Momir Paunović, and Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović. "Geometric vs. traditional morphometric methods for exploring morphological variation of tadpoles at early developmental stages." Amphibia-Reptilia 40, no. 4 (2019): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00001193.
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Abstract We conducted a comparative (2D landmark-based geometric and traditional) morphometric analysis on tadpoles at early developmental stages. Two species of brown frog (Rana dalmatina and R. temporaria) and the common toad (Bufo bufo) were involved, all raised in the laboratory from fertilized eggs collected in their natural habitat. Taxonomic identification was confirmed by the DNA barcoding method with the 16S rRNA sequence as the gene marker. Interested to compare the methodologies for quantification and description of morphological differences among tadpoles of mentioned species, we aimed to: 1) calculate interspecies genetic distances as the most relevant measurement for species differentiation, 2) determine and describe size and shape variation, 3) identify relationships among the analyzed species at the morphological level and 4) assess their classification accuracy. Within the framework of the specified aims, both methodologies produced very similar results, i.e., the smallest divergence was between R. dalmatina and R. temporaria, while the most discriminative were B. bufo and R. temporaria. However, we observed subtle shape variation of the distal region of the tail that was detected only by the geometric morphometrics. Our findings support the following. Geometric morphometric method captures more subtle shape differences that were unable to be recovered from linear measurements. It performs slightly better in classification rate. Although it was not quantified, it stands to reason that there is no difference in time investment between the two approaches. Geometric morphometrics provides more information that can be leveraged to answer further questions and it has a clear advantage in visualizing.
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Andresen, R., D. Banzer, and G. Möller. "Shape model-based semi-automatic morphometric assessment of vertebral deformities in clinical practice." Osteologie 20, no. 03 (2011): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1620000.
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SummaryThe accurate and clear reporting of vertebral fractures in routine clinical practice is essential to ensure that patients with osteoporosis receive appropriate treatment to prevent the occurrence of further fractures. A statistical shape model-based vision system for semi-automated morphometry called MorphoXpress® has been developed and needs to be tested in routine clinical practice.This multi-centre medical practice evaluation pilot study compared the degree of agreement between two methods to detect vertebral body deformities in routine clinical practice: qualitative visual evaluation of conventional lateral thoracic and lumbar spine radiographs as a “gold standard” and the MorphoXpress® semi-automatic software system for vertebral morphometry.This pilot study was performed in seven participating osteo-centers in Germany. The analysis included 223 ambulatory patients with 446 conventional lateral thoracic (n = 223) and lumbar (n = 223) spine radiographs showing 2676 vertebrae from T5 to L4. Qualitative visual radiograph evaluation was performed by clinician experts, who classified vertebral shape as fractured or not fractured. MorphoXpress® was used for quantitative assessment of vertebral height in digitized radiographs by localising all morphometric points within the set range of vertebrae based on a statistical model-based vision system. Using the interactive tools in Morpho Xpress→, clinicians could refine the positions of morphometric points to their satisfaction. Agreement between the two methods was analyzed.Using qualitative visual radiograph evaluation, clinicians recognised fractures in 92 (41.3 %) patients while quantitative evaluation with MorphoXpress®with interactive manual corrections detected fractures in 85 (38.1 %) patients. Distribution of fractures was comparable using the two methods. The Morpho Xpress→ system alone identified 76 % of the fractured vertebrae correctly. This result was improved to 98 % using additional manual corrections by the clinician once. The overall mean time needed for MorphoXpress® fracture morphometric assessment of vertebral fractures in clinical practice took 13 minutes and 36 seconds.Quantitative measurement using the current version of the MorphoXpress® software system for vertebral morphometry in combination with qualitative interactive corrections by clinicians seems to be a valuable tool for assessment and follow-up documentation of osteoporotic vertebral deformities in patients without severe scoliosis in epidemiological studies and clinical drug trials only. Currently the technique is too timeconsuming and only after significant improvement of the procedure time and following appropriate training for physicians, MorphoXpress® vertebral morphometry could be a valuable tool in daily routine clinical use for osteoporotic patients.
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Cabeza, Urbano, César Ordóñez, Aydee Meza, and Hernán Cucho. "Morphological and morphometric characterization of the guinea pig sperm (Cavia porcellus)." SPERMOVA 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0008.14.
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The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of guinea pig sperm (Cavia porcellus), using an image analysis system. Semen from collected from five type 1 guinea pigs, four months old (1.19 ± 0.15 kg) by electroejaculation method, between 3 and 5 times for each animal, making a total of 22 adequate collections. The volume, pH, sperm concentration, total motility and percentage of live sperm were determined. The samples for the analysis of sperm morphology and morphometry were stained with Spermac® and analyzed using the Motic Image Plus® software. The morphology was analyzed according to the dynamics of its acrosomal reaction, distinguishing 4 classes. The length, width, area, perimeter, ellipticity, elongation, regularity and rugosity of the head of the guinea pig sperm were determined, as well as the midpiece length and the tail of the spermatozoa. Guinea pig sperm morphology was analyzed with a complete random design, and the morphometric parameters by random blocks, using Duncan's test to compare means in both cases. In relation to morphology, significant differences (P <0.05) were found in the percentage distribution of classes, the most recurrent being class 2 (41.67%), higher than the other 3 groups. An animal effect (P <0.05) was found in the morphometric variables of head and midpiece of guinea pig spermatozoa. The morphometric measurements of guinea pig spermatozoa were: length (7.45 ± 0.29 µm), width (6.55 ± 0.25 µm), area (43.02 ± 3.03 µm2), perimeter (26.56 ± 1.07 µm), midpiece length (12.02 ± 0.70 µm) and spermatozoa tail length (92.96 ± 3.96 µm).
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Cabeza, Urbano, César Ordóñez, Aydee Meza, and Hernán Cucho. "Morphological and morphometric characterization of the guinea pig sperm (Cavia porcellus)." SPERMOVA 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0008.14.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of guinea pig sperm (Cavia porcellus), using an image analysis system. Semen from collected from five type 1 guinea pigs, four months old (1.19 ± 0.15 kg) by electroejaculation method, between 3 and 5 times for each animal, making a total of 22 adequate collections. The volume, pH, sperm concentration, total motility and percentage of live sperm were determined. The samples for the analysis of sperm morphology and morphometry were stained with Spermac® and analyzed using the Motic Image Plus® software. The morphology was analyzed according to the dynamics of its acrosomal reaction, distinguishing 4 classes. The length, width, area, perimeter, ellipticity, elongation, regularity and rugosity of the head of the guinea pig sperm were determined, as well as the midpiece length and the tail of the spermatozoa. Guinea pig sperm morphology was analyzed with a complete random design, and the morphometric parameters by random blocks, using Duncan's test to compare means in both cases. In relation to morphology, significant differences (P <0.05) were found in the percentage distribution of classes, the most recurrent being class 2 (41.67%), higher than the other 3 groups. An animal effect (P <0.05) was found in the morphometric variables of head and midpiece of guinea pig spermatozoa. The morphometric measurements of guinea pig spermatozoa were: length (7.45 ± 0.29 µm), width (6.55 ± 0.25 µm), area (43.02 ± 3.03 µm2), perimeter (26.56 ± 1.07 µm), midpiece length (12.02 ± 0.70 µm) and spermatozoa tail length (92.96 ± 3.96 µm).
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Sanfilippo, Paul G., Alex W. Hewitt, Jenny A. Mountain, and David A. Mackey. "A Geometric Morphometric Assessment of Hand Shape and Comparison to the 2D:4D Digit Ratio as a Marker of Sexual Dimorphism." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 2 (February 27, 2013): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.5.
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Twin studies are extremely useful for investigating hypotheses of genetic influence on a range of behavioral and physical traits in humans. Studies of physical traits, however, are usually limited to size-related biological characteristics because it is inherently difficult to quantify the morphological counterpart – shape. In recent years, the development of geometry-preserving analytical techniques built upon multivariate statistical methodologies has produced a new discipline in biological shape analysis known as geometric morphometrics. In this study of hand shape analysis, we introduce the reader already familiar with the field of twin research to the potential utility of geometric morphometrics and demonstrate the cross-discipline applicability of methods. We also investigate and compare the efficacy of the 2D:4D ratio, a commonly used marker of sexual dimorphism, to the fully multivariate approach of shape analysis in discriminating between male and female sex. Studies of biological shape variation utilizing geometric morphometric techniques may be completed with software freely available on the Internet and time invested to master the small learning curve in concepts and theory.
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Prado, E., F. Sánchez, A. Rodríguez-Basalo, A. Altuna, and A. Cobo. "SEMI-AUTOMATIC METHOD OF FAN SURFACE ASSESSMENT TO ACHIEVE GORGONIAN POPULATION STRUCTURE IN LE DANOIS BANK, CANTABRIAN SEA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W10 (April 17, 2019): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w10-167-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study presents a semi-automatic method to estimate fan surface of a <i>Placogorgia</i> sp. octocoral assemblage using 3D point clouds in El Cachucho MPA at 550&thinsp;m of depth. The presence of gorgonian forests and deep-sea sponge aggregations in Le Danois Bank was the cause of its declaration as ‘El Cachucho’ Marine Protected Area (MPA), being included in the Natura 2000 network. The <i>Placogorgia</i> sp. is a structuring species of the deep Cantabrian Sea; parameters such as population structure and morphology inform on the overall health of this vulnerable habitat, but the estimation of gorgonian metrics often requires destructive sampling. The use of non-invasive methodology, which does not cause damage or alterations on benthic communities, is particularly necessary in vulnerable ecosystem studies and Marine Protected Areas (MPA) monitoring. This study proposes a semi-automatic methodology to assess gorgonian morphometries fitting planes to colonies. Video transects acquired in Le Danois Bank, during the ECOMARG-2017 survey using the Politolana underwater towed vehicle were used. Using Pix4D Mapper Pro and Cloud Compare software, size and morphometry of fan-shaped gorgonians and forest population structure were assessed. RMS of fitting planes shows that the geometrical figure chosen is suitable to retain the morphometric characteristics of the specimens of this species. The adjustment of semi-automatic values with a sample of digitized surfaces manually is validated (R<sup>2</sup>=0.97). The results show that gorgonian population was mostly dominated by small colonies. The population structure distribution shows a high proportion (~22%) of recruits (&lt;&thinsp;0.05&thinsp;m<sup>2</sup>) of fan surface.</p>
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Lai, Kuan-Lin, David M. Niddam, Jong-Ling Fuh, Wei-Ta Chen, Jaw-Ching Wu, and Shuu-Jiun Wang. "Cortical morphological changes in chronic migraine in a Taiwanese cohort: Surface- and voxel-based analyses." Cephalalgia 40, no. 6 (April 16, 2020): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102420920005.
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Background Previous voxel- or surface-based morphometric analysis studies have revealed alterations in cortical structure in patients with chronic migraine, yet with inconsistent results. The discrepancies may be derived partly from the sample heterogeneity. Employing both methods in a clinically homogenous group may provide a clearer view. Methods Structural MRI data from 30 prevention-naïve patients with chronic migraine without medication overuse headache or a history of major depression and 30 healthy controls were analyzed. Vertex-wise (surface-based) or voxel-wise (voxel-based) linear models were applied, after controlling for age and gender, to investigate between-group differences. Averaged cortical thicknesses and volumes from regions showing group differences were correlated with parameters related to clinical profiles. Results Surface-based morphometry showed significantly thinner cortices in the bilateral insular cortex, caudal middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and parietal lobes in patients with chronic migraine relative to healthy controls. Additionally, the number of migraine days in the month preceding MRI examination was correlated negatively with right insular cortical thickness. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) did not show any group differences or clinical correlations. Conclusion Patients with chronic migraine without medication overuse headache, major depression, or prior preventive treatment had reduced cortical thickness in regions within the pain-processing network. Compared to voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry analysis may be more sensitive to subtle structural differences between healthy controls and patients with chronic migraine.
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Coppola, Gianluca, Antonio Di Renzo, Emanuele Tinelli, Elisa Iacovelli, Chiara Lepre, Cherubino Di Lorenzo, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, et al. "Evidence for brain morphometric changes during the migraine cycle: A magnetic resonance-based morphometry study." Cephalalgia 35, no. 9 (November 20, 2014): 783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102414559732.
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Neurophysiological investigations have demonstrated that there are unique fluctuations in the migraine brain functional activity between the ictal and interictal periods. Here we investigated the possibility that there are fluctuations over time also in whole brain morphometry of patients affected by episodic migraine without aura (MO). Twenty-four patients with untreated MO underwent 3T MRI scans during ( n = 10) or between attacks ( n = 14) and were compared to a group of 15 healthy volunteers (HVs). We then performed voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) analysis of structural T1-weighted MRI scans to determine if changes in brain structure were observed over the course of the migraine cycle. Interictally, MO patients had a significantly lower gray matter (GM) density within the right inferior parietal lobule, right temporal inferior gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left temporal pole than did HVs. Ictally, GM density increased within the left temporal pole, bilateral insula, and right lenticular nuclei, but no areas exhibited decreased GM density. These morphometric GM changes between ictal and interictal phases suggest that abnormal structural plasticity may be an important mechanism of migraine pathology. Given the functional neuroanatomy of these areas, our findings suggest that migraine is a condition associated with global dysfunction of multisensory integration and memory processing.
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Nuraini, Nuraini, and Hari Purwanto. "Morphology, morphometrics, and molecular characteristics of Apis cerana and Apis nigrocincta from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 2 (May 8, 2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2614.
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Systematics of honey bees has developed rapidly. Several studies have attempted to infer the kinship between each group of honey bees. One approach is the use identification and phylogenetic analysis using combination of morphology, morphometric, and molecular characteristics data. There are three species of honey bees found in the Central Sulawesi, namely Apis dorsata, A. cerana and A. nigrocincta. The last two species mentioned have similar biological properties, so they present some difficulties to identify especially with morphological characters only. The results showed that the two Apis bee species analyzed in this study, had similar morphological features compared to specimens of the same species from the other regions, whereas the morphometry of the two had variations in size compared to the same species that have been reported in other regions. The variations in the size or morphometric character of worker bees, both those with a larger or smaller size, possibly being a form of morphological adaptation to different environmental conditions. The CO1 and 16S Mitochondrial DNA sequencesof A. cerana and A. nigrocincta from this studywere similarto thesequences of the same species in the GeneBank’s database. This study provide preliminary data contributing to the preservation and utilization of one of Indonesia’s important biodiversity resources.
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Dargel, Jens, Dietmar Pennig, Hans Philipp Springorum, Jürgen Koebke, Peer Eysel, and Joern W. P. Michael. "MORPHOMETRIC AND BIOMECHANICAL COMPARISON OF TENDONS USED FOR INTERPOSITION ARTHROPLASTY IN CARPOMETACARPAL ARTHRITIS OF THE THUMB." Hand Surgery 16, no. 01 (January 2011): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810411005059.
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Purpose: To identify the wrist tendon most effectively maintaining the trapezial space in interpositional arthroplasty in osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Methods: The morphometrics of the os trapezium and the tendons of the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and abductor pollicis longus were determined. The stiffness and compressive loading characteristics of the rolled-up tendons were compared to the os trapezium. Results: No significant morphometric differences between the three tendons were found. The mass and volume of the trapezium was significantly larger when compared to the tendon balls. No significant differences in the compressive loading resistance were found between the tendons, but the mean stiffness was 85% lower when compared to the os trapezium. Conclusions: Neither tendon material approached the volume nor the stiffness provided by the os trapezium. Any tendon is considered to insufficiently maintain the trapezial space following trapeziectomy.
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Püschel, Thomas A., Jordi Marcé-Nogué, Justin T. Gladman, René Bobe, and William I. Sellers. "Inferring locomotor behaviours in Miocene New World monkeys using finite element analysis, geometric morphometrics and machine-learning classification techniques applied to talar morphology." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 146 (September 2018): 20180520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0520.
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The talus is one of the most commonly preserved post-cranial elements in the platyrrhine fossil record. Talar morphology can provide information about postural adaptations because it is the anatomical structure responsible for transmitting body mass forces from the leg to the foot. The aim of this study is to test whether the locomotor behaviour of fossil Miocene platyrrhines could be inferred from their talus morphology. The extant sample was classified into three different locomotor categories and then talar strength was compared using finite-element analysis. Geometric morphometrics were used to quantify talar shape and to assess its association with biomechanical strength. Finally, several machine-learning (ML) algorithms were trained using both the biomechanical and morphometric data from the extant taxa to infer the possible locomotor behaviour of the Miocene fossil sample. The obtained results show that the different locomotor categories are distinguishable using either biomechanical or morphometric data. The ML algorithms categorized most of the fossil sample as arboreal quadrupeds. This study has shown that a combined approach can contribute to the understanding of platyrrhine talar morphology and its relationship with locomotion. This approach is likely to be beneficial for determining the locomotor habits in other fossil taxa.
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Furman, Eeva R. "Geographical variation of Balanus improvisus in biochemical and morphometric characters." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 4 (November 1990): 721–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400059002.
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Samples of Balanus improvisus were collected from 15 sites in the Baltic, the west coast of Sweden, the British Isles and North America. They were analysed with horizontal starch gel electrophoresis for 11 loci and with opercular plate morphometry for 10 metrical characters. Analyses of isozyme patterns revealed a high degree of genetic similarity amongst populations. The Baltic sites, however, showed less heterozygote deficiency than the British and American sites indicating higher stability and outcrossing in the Baltic. Morphometric characters showed somewhat more heterogeneity than isozymes. The Baltic was relatively more homogeneous by morphometrical characters than by isozymes compared with the other areas. Both analyses separated to some extent the three geographical regions from each other and clustered sites by salinity. Individuals at low salinity had relatively small opercular openings compared to individuals from high salinity.
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Takeda, Shin-Ichi, Connie C. W. Hsia, Eva Wagner, Murugappan Ramanathan, Aaron S. Estrera, and Ewald R. Weibel. "Compensatory alveolar growth normalizes gas-exchange function in immature dogs after pneumonectomy." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.4.1301.
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To determine the extent and sources of adaptive response in gas-exchange to major lung resection during somatic maturation, immature male foxhounds underwent right pneumonectomy (R-Pnx, n = 5) or right thoracotomy without pneumonectomy (Sham, n = 6) at 2 mo of age. One year after surgery, exercise capacity and pulmonary gas-exchange were determined during treadmill exercise. Lung diffusing capacity (Dl) and cardiac output were measured by a rebreathing technique. In animals after R-Pnx, maximal O2 uptake, lung volume, arterial blood gases, and Dl during exercise were completely normal. Postmortem morphometric analysis 18 mo after R-Pnx ( n = 3) showed a vigorous compensatory increase in alveolar septal tissue volume involving all cellular compartments of the septum compared with the control lung; as a result, alveolar-capillary surface areas and Dl estimated by morphometry were restored to normal. In both groups, estimates of Dl by the morphometric method agreed closely with estimates obtained by the physiological method during peak exercise. These data show that extensive lung resection in immature dogs stimulates a vigorous compensatory growth of alveolar tissue in excess of maturational lung growth, resulting in complete normalization of aerobic capacity and gas-exchange function at maturity.
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Van Diest, P. J., J. P. A. Baak, J. Brugghe, M. E. L. Van De Burg, A. T. Van Oosterom, and J. P. Neijt. "Quantitative pathologic features as predictors of long-term survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 4, no. 3 (1994): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1994.04030174.x.
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The prognostic value of morphometric and DNA flow cytometric features were studied and compared with FIGO stage, preoperative tumor load, residual disease status, Karnofsky index and classic pathologic features such as Broders' grade and histologic type in 58 FIGO stage III and IV adequately debulked ovarian patients with long-term follow-up. The mitotic activity index, volume percentage of epithelium, and mean and SD of nuclear area were assessed by interactive morphometry, and tumor material was routinely processed for DNA flow cytometric assessment of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction. Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier curves, Mantel-Cox test), revealed FIGO stage (P= 0.013) and the mean and SD of nuclear area to be significant prognosticators (P= 0.027 andP= 0.012, respectively). In multivariate survival analysis (Cox model), a multivariate combination of FIGO stage, preoperative tumor load and mean nuclear area was the best prognostic combination of features (P= 0.0034). These results confirm the findings of previous studies. We conclude that, in accord with previous studies, morphometric features are good predictors of survival after cisplatin treatment in advanced ovarian cancer, especially in combination with FIGO stage and preoperative tumor load.
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Reiter, Johannes T., Bastian David, Selma Enders, Conrad C. Prillwitz, Tobias Bauer, Deniz Atalay, Anna Tietze, et al. "Infratentorial MRI Findings in Rasmussen Encephalitis Suggest Primary Cerebellar Involvement." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 8, no. 6 (August 13, 2021): e1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000001058.
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Background and ObjectiveRasmussen encephalitis (RE) is characterized by its unilateral cerebral involvement. However, both ipsi- and contralesional cerebellar atrophy have been anecdotally reported raising questions about the nature and extent of infratentorial findings. Using MRI, we morphometrically investigated the cerebellum and hypothesized abnormalities beyond the effects of secondary atrophy, implicating a primary involvement of the cerebellum by RE.MethodsVoxel-based morphometry of the cerebellum and brainstem was conducted in 57 patients with RE and in 57 matched controls. Furthermore, patient-specific asymmetry indices (AIs) of cerebellar morphometry and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) intensity were calculated. Using diffusion tensor imaging, the integrity of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar (CPC) tract was assessed. Finally, a spatial independent component analysis (ICA) was used to compare atrophy patterns between groups.ResultsPatients with RE showed bilateral cerebellar and predominantly ipsilesional mesencephalic atrophy (p < 0.01). Morphometric AIs revealed ipsilesional < contralesional asymmetry in 27 and ipsilesional > contralesional asymmetry in 30 patients. In patients with predominant ipsilesional atrophy, morphometric AIs strongly correlated with FLAIR intensity AIs (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001). Fractional anisotropy was lower for ipsilesional-to-contralesional CPC tracts than opposite tracts (T = 2.30, p < 0.05). ICA revealed bilateral and strictly ipsi- and contralesional atrophy components in patients with RE (p < 0.05).DiscussionWe demonstrated atrophy of the ipsilesional-to-contralesional CPC pathway and, consequently, interpret the loss of contralesional gray matter as secondary crossed cerebellar atrophy. The ipsilesional cerebellar atrophy, however, defies this explanation. Based on FLAIR hyperintensities, we interpret ipsilesional atrophy to be due to inflammation in the scope of a primary involvement of the cerebellum by RE.
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Eisenberg, Brenda R., David J. Dix, Zhaoying W. Lin, and Mary P. Wenderoth. "Relationship of membrane systems in muscle to isomyosin content." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-101.
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The structures and functions of the various subdivisions of the membrane systems of muscle are reviewed. Morphometric data have been recalculated using functional definitions of the membranes as identified by their proteins. Thus, the junctional coupling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T system is separated from the remaining longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum that bears the calcium ATPase protein. In addition, the morphometry of the membrane systems is related to the various muscle fiber types as defined histochemically and by protein isoforms. The relation of isomyosin type and membrane quantities are compared for guinea pig, chicken, frog, and lobster skeletal muscles and rat and rabbit cardiac muscles. Fiber plasticity is considered in terms of the mixing and matching of amounts and kinds of membranes and proteins.
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Vettorazzi, Renzo, Diego Nuñez, and Walter Norbis. "Within-population morphological differences in the New World silverside Odontesthes argentinensis inhabiting two coastal lagoons of Uruguay (southwestern Atlantic)." Animal Biology 70, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-20191142.
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Abstract Silversides are renowned for their phenotypic plasticity with different populations coexisting as incipient species. The New World silverside Odontesthes argentinensis is an estuarine-resident fish with known populations inhabiting the Rio de la Plata estuary as well as coastal lagoons of Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, where it constitutes an important resource for artisanal fisheries. Using classical morphometric analysis, we study six morphological variables to determine if there are differences between the New World silversides collected from two Uruguayan Atlantic coastal lagoons (Garzon and Rocha Lagoons), which communicate periodically with the ocean. In collaboration with artisanal fishermen, silversides were measured in fresh condition. After removing the size and allometric effect on the variables, Canonical Discriminant Analysis (DA) was applied to compare the morphometry of individuals collected in the two lagoons. Results supported the existence of two groups with values greater than 80% of accurate classification. The morphometric variables that contributed the most to this result were eye diameter, breadth of mouth, length from mouth tip to anal fin and length of pectoral fin. The first two morphometric variables are related to sensory perception and feeding, which could be indicators of an ecological segregation, conditioned by the characteristics of the environment, considering that the two coastal lagoons differ in their abiotic characteristics, most importantly in their hydrodynamic conditions. This work represents the first study of differences between two estuarine coastal lagoon populations of O. argentinensis.