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1

Gasser, Emily Anne. "Windesi Wamesa Morphophonology." Thesis, Yale University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3582286.

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Wamesa [WAD] is an endangered Austronesian language spoken in the south-eastern Bird's Head of New Guinea, in the Indonesian province of West Papua. This dissertation provides a description and formal analysis of the phonology and morphology of the Windesi dialect based on the author's fieldwork with speakers of the language.

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the language, its speakers, and the cultural, geographic, and linguistic context in which Wamesa is spoken. It also provides background on the fieldwork which forms the basis of this dissertation and the resulting corpus. Chapter 2 describes the phonology of Wamesa, including its phoneme inventory, phonotactics, and productive phonological processes, with phonetic detail. The second half of the chapter gives an account of the phonological adaptation of loan words into Wamesa. Chapter 3 gives a formal analysis of stress assignment in the language based in Optimality Theory. Chapter 4 describes the Wamesa clitics and affixes, and Chapter 5 gives an account of the three major word classes, nouns, verbs, and adjectives, as well as modes of spatial expression and a selection of other minor word classes. Chapter 6 gives a formal synchronic analysis of the infixation of verbal subject agreement affixes in Wamesa, followed by a diachronic account of how the pattern might have arisen from incremental improvements in speech production and perception.

This dissertation provides the first in-depth description of the grammar of Windesi Wamesa, as well as the first formal analysis of its structures. The data presented here will be of interest for typological and historical studies of Austronesian, particularly the understudied South Halmahera-West New Guinea subgroup to which Wamesa belongs. In addition to enriching our understanding of this family, the dissertation presents data and analyses which will be of interest for morphological and phonological theory more narrowly.

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2

Pucilowski, Anna. "Topics in Ho Morphophonology and Morphosyntax." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13241.

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Ho, an under-documented North Munda language of India, is known for its complex verb forms. This dissertation focuses on analysis of several features of those complex verbs, using data from original fieldwork undertaken by the author. By way of background, an analysis of the phonetics, phonology and morphophonology of Ho is first presented. Ho has vowel harmony based on height, and like other Munda languages, the phonological word is restricted to two moras. There has been a long-standing debate over whether Ho and the other North Munda languages have word classes, including verbs as distinct from nouns. Looking at the distribution of object, property and action concepts, this study argues that Ho does, in fact, have word classes, including a small class of adjectives. Several new morphological analyses are given; for example, what has previously been called 'passive' is here analyzed as 'middle'. The uses of the middle -oʔ in Ho overlap with uses documented for other middle-marking languages, suggesting that this is a better label than 'passive'. Ho traditionally marks aspect in the verb rather than tense, especially for transitive verb constructions. Several aspect suffixes follow the verb root. Ho is developing a periphrastic past tense construction with the past tense copula form taikena. Also, the combination of perfect(ive) aspect suffixes and the transitivity suffix -ɖ always gives a past tense interpretation, to the extent that -ɖ may be re- grammaticalizing to past tense. Three types of complex clauses are discussed in the dissertation: complement clauses; relative clauses and serial verb constructions. Like many South Asian languages, Ho has productive serial verbs and several serialized verbs are grammaticalizing to become more like auxiliary verb constructions.
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3

Stanton, Lee. "Topics in Ura Phonology and Morphophonology, with Lexicographic Application." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Linguistics, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/940.

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Ura, a minority language spoken in Papua New Guinea, appears to be a candidate for eventual extinction, with an estimated 1,900 speakers, very few (if any) of them monolinguals. Any language is a unique vantage point from which to see humanity and our world in its various facets, and preserving endangered languages seems at least as worthy a pursuit as the many efforts globally at saving endangered species of flora and fauna. Also of great importance is the revitalisation (or first-time facilitation) of identity, esteem and dignity for speakers with regard to their language (and, inseparably, culture). This thesis gives an overview of the sociolinguistic context of Ura, followed by a description and analysis of the phonology of Ura, and then addresses of some of the morphophonology. Features explored include vowel centring and harmony, phonologically and morphophonologically conditioned epenthesis, and diachronic and synchronic alternations. The final chapter provides practical application of the issues discussed as they would relate to an Ura dictionary, and includes samples of the suggested wording and format of introductory notes and entries. It is hoped that what is currently in progress or completed in the Ura language in terms of records, translation, literacy and linguistic analysis (of which this thesis is a part) will facilitate and support progress towards strength and vitality that will not perish.
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4

Ramasamy, Mohana Dass. "Topics in the morphophonology of standard spoken Tamil (SST) : an optimality theoretic study." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1221.

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This thesis provides a novel account of the morphophonology of Standard Spoken Tamil (SST) in a constraint-based framework. Special focus is given to the constraints governed by sonority-distance in avoiding possible tension at morphology and phonology interfaces (M-P interfaces). The study is based on a thorough analysis of an extensive body of data which constitute empirical evidence for the present research. It has been argued that the repair strategies devised at M-P interfaces can be properly predicted from the perspective of sonority distance between the segments occupying the edges of the preceding and succeeding lexical items. This thesis consists of seven chapters. The first chapter, in addition to laying a background for the present study, also gives theoretical and empirical evidence justifying the need for conducting a constraint-based study for long-running issues on the morphophonology of Tamil. The chapter includes an overview of widely applied SST in Malaysia, the source which provided statistical and empirical evidence for the present study, a brief review of the related literature, and description of the aims of the study, research questions, methodology, limitations of the study and the organization of the chapters. Chapter two, the theoretical framework of sonority-related repair strategies (SrRS) at M-P interfaces in Tamil, introduces the theoretical framework guiding the present thesis. This chapter illustrates the sonority requirement underpinning the solutions at different types of interfaces, namely, vowel hiatus ((i) vowel versus vowel (V-V)), onset/coda asymmetry ((ii) consonant versus consonant (C-C)), general alignment ((iii) consonant versus vowel (C-V)), and less-preferred interaction of (iv) the vowel versus consonant (V-C). This chapter clarifies the relevance of sonority distance and the selection of the correct strategies to resolve conflict at M-P interfaces. The third chapter is on the prosodic phonology of the SST. It provides a description of the prosodic phonology of standard spoken Tamil without relying upon a particular theoretical framework. The description is intended to provide insight into the overall phonological patterns of lexemes and the phonological properties of the language. v Chapter four, vowel hiatus (_V# + #V_) and SrRS in Tamil, deals with issues relating to vowel hiatus (VH), which commonly emerge when two vowels come into contact as a result of morphological concatenation. Tamil as an agglutinative language which applies various processes to word result in to various types of V# + #V_ interfaces. The language employs a range of sonority related resolutions to avoid vowel hiatus, with the sole aim of maintaining the uniformity of word internal syllables and preserving harmonic contact at the M-P interfaces. This chapter explores the sonority-related motivation behind the assignment of glides, vowel deletion (VD), and epenthesis to avoid hiatus. Chapter five is on _C# versus #C_ interfaces and conflict management in Tamil. It deals with sonority-related resolutions applied to avoid Onset-Coda asymmetries in Tamil. Irregularities resulting from consonant versus consonant (_C# versus #C_ ) interaction at M-P interfaces are aggressively initiated by various segmental and sub-segmental properties. Involvement of segmental values including the visible individual segmental values and the invisible sub-strength properties such as sonority, prosodic features and the positional prominences at the interfaces have been analyzed within the positional faithfulness framework in this chapter. Chapter six deals with _C#_#V_ (C-V) and _V#_C#_ (V-C) types of interactions in Tamil. Though these interactions appear to be a simple form of interaction at face value, they exhibit systematic and interesting phonological reactions at M-P interfaces. Previous studies analyzing the nature of the phonological reactions of C-V and V-C in literature, which have treated the foregoing interfaces as a natural way of forming demisyllables, have to a great extent obscured their amazing phonological relevance. The present study offers alternative remedies, claiming that the C-V and V-C interfaces are hosting equally important phonological reactions just as in the case of vowel hiatus (V-V) and coda and onset asymmetry (C-C), casting relevance on sonority distance. The last chapter is the conclusion. It provides a summary and discussion of the findings.
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5

Sigsworth, C. "On the morphophonology of Old English weak verbs : a synchronic and diachronic approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.661901.

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Within the development of English 'weak' verbs, Old English represents a transitional period where the relatively transparent proto-Germanic system of inflectional classes has been complicated (despite remaining (largely) recognisable) by phonological change but its large-scale Middle English restructuring and simplification, although hinted at by numerous non- 'standard' forms, is, apparently, not yet fully underway. The intermediate nature of this system means that, depending on one's preferred point of view and the data taken in to consideration, the morphological structure of the Old English weak verbs can be seen to represent the continuation of the Germanic situation (the view implied by most traditional grammars) or the beginning of the Middle English demise of this system. This dissertation contains an attempt to establish what type of synchronic analysis should be imposed upon the weak verbs in Old English and how their diachronic development should be characterised. Variation from the expected Old English forms can in many cases be interpreted as synchronic evidence for the fact that morphological change was in progress and so these two issues will be considered mutually dependent: the most adequate answer to one should provide insight into the other and vice versa. The historical development of these verbs from their proto-Germanic source to their new Middle English system will thus first be discussed before several approaches to the synchronic analysis of these verbs are evaluated in the light of general theoretical concerns and the Old English data. I will suggest that two dialectally defined systems of weak verbs can be identified in the Old English period; the first of which (in Anglian texts) can be explained largely in terms of the phonological development of these verbs from Germanic to Middle English. In West-Saxon texts, restructuring of the weak verbs appear to be (at least partly) independent of phonological developments and, therefore, must be explained (both synchronically and diachronically) in terms of their morphological structure.
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6

Sherrard, Nicholas Richard. "Blending and reduplication." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343575.

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7

Ussishkin, Adam, Natasha Warner, Ian Clayton, Daniel Brenner, Andrew Carnie, Michael Hammond, and Muriel Fisher. "Lexical representation and processing of word-initial morphological alternations: Scottish Gaelic mutation." UBIQUITY PRESS LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624038.

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When hearing speech, listeners begin recognizing words before reaching the end of the word. Therefore, early sounds impact spoken word recognition before sounds later in the word. In languages like English, most morphophonological alternations affect the ends of words, but in some languages, morphophonology can alter the early sounds of a word. Scottish Gaelic, an endangered language, has a pattern of 'initial consonant mutation' that changes initial consonants: Pog 'kiss' begins with [ph], but phog 'kissed' begins with [f]. This raises questions both of how listeners process words that might begin with a mutated consonant during spoken word recognition, and how listeners relate the mutated and unmutated forms to each other in the lexicon. We present three experiments to investigate these questions. A priming experiment shows that native speakers link the mutated and unmutated forms in the lexicon. A gating experiment shows that Gaelic listeners usually do not consider mutated forms as candidates during lexical recognition until there is enough evidence to force that interpretation. However, a phonetic identification experiment confirms that listeners can identify the mutated sounds correctly. Together, these experiments contribute to our understanding of how speakers represent and process a language with morphophonological alternations at word onset.
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8

Neuman, Yishaï. "L'influence de l'écriture sur la langue." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030189.

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La considération de la langue et de l’écriture comme codes sémiotiques en contact devrait logiquement découler de l’affirmation saussurienne : « Langue et écriture sont deux systèmes de signes distincts ». Au même titre que les langues en contact, le contact entre la langue et l’écriture est propice au transfert sémiotique réciproque. L’acquisition de l’écrit induit un changement cognitif radical et l’apparition de l’écrit dans une communauté linguistique modifie son organisation. L’empeinte plus forte du stimulus visuel par rapport à celle du stimulus auditif et le prestige qu’accorde la maîtrise de l’écrit sont les facteurs cognitif et social privilégiant le transfert sémiotique de l’écriture vers la langue. Sur le plan lexical, une tradition scripturale accompagnée d’une orthoépie [règles de lecture à haute voix] fournit à la langue des mots venus d’autrefois et d’ailleurs, comme les emprunts savants aux langues classiques et les emprunts graphiques entre des langues sans contact communautaire. Des mots graphémiques sans origine linguistique sont également vernacularisés, comme la lexicalisation d’abréviations. La vernacularisation d’éléments scripturaux enrichit la langue. Un cas particulièremnt extrême est celui de la naissance de l’hébreu moderne parlé – l’hébreu littéraire non vernaculaire du début du 20e siècle en est la source principale. Sur le plan phonologique, l’orthoépie peur modifier la phonologie comme le montre l’apparition de groupes consonantiques en français. Sur le plan sémantique l’écrit peut être à l’origine d’une réorganisation des signifiés en fonction de l’orthographe ; de nombreuses figures de style sont inspirées par les propriétés de l’écriture
The study of writing and language as semiotic codes in contact should have logically followed from the Saussurian statement: “Language and writing are two distinct systems of signs”. On the same theoretical basis as that of contact linguistics, the contact between language and writing might be conducive to mutual semiotic transfer. The acquisition of writing induces a radical cognitive change and the emergence of writing within a linguistic community modifies its organisation. The greater physical force of the visual stimulus as against aural stimulus and the high prestige gained by the mastery of writing are the cognitive and social factors that favour semiotic transfer from writing to language. With regard to lexicon, a writing tradition accompanied by an orthoepy [rules of reading aloud] provides the language with words from afar in place and in time, like learned words from classical tongues and graphic loanwords between languages whose linguistic communities are not in direct contact. Graphemic words with no linguistic provenance are also vernacularised, like the lexicalisation of abbreviations. The vernacularisation of written elements enriches language. A particularly extreme case of vernacularised written sources is that of the emergence of spoken Modern Hebrew – literary non vernacular Hebrew of early 20th century being its main source. On the phonological level, orthoepy may modify phonology, as can be shown by the emergence of consonantal clusters in French and of - et #952;- in author in English. On the semantic level, writing may be the source of the reorganisation of the signifiés based on spelling; numerous figures of speech are inspired by the attributes of writing
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9

Campbell, Tasha M., and Tasha M. Campbell. "Plural Formation by Heritage Bilinguals of Spanish: A Phonological Analysis of a Morphological Variable." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625354.

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This dissertation explores Spanish nominal plural formation from a morphophonological perspective. The primary objective is to better understand heritage bilinguals' (HBs') phonological categorization of the morphological element of number in their heritage language. This is done by way of picture-naming elicitation tasks of consonant-final nouns and through comparison with first language, Spanish-dominant speakers and second language learners. In addition to the sociolinguistic factors of linguistic experience and quantity of explicit input, lexical frequency and morphological word class are also assessed. The recorded responses from the 148 participants are coded and submitted to a series of binary logistic regression analyses in IBM SPSS Statistics. It is shown that HBs distinguish between different morphological classes and that this has a prominent role in the pluralization of consonant-final nouns in Spanish. Moreover, the present research details the use of not two but three productive plural markers for HBs in Spanish: -es, -s, Ø. The interface approach adopted in this dissertation is proven to more definitively explain plural formation as it examines the connectedness between phonology, morphology, and the lexicon, thus overcoming previous accounts which focused on the influences of these disciplines in isolation.
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10

Stewart, Thomas W. Jr. "Mutation as morphology: bases, stems, and shapes in Scottish Gaelic." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1086046888.

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11

Dabouis, Quentin. "L'accent secondaire en anglais britannique contemporain." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2013/document.

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Cette étude de l’accent secondaire en anglais britannique contemporain s’inscrit dans l’approche développée par Lionel Guierre et se compose d’un volet théorique et d’un volet empirique. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons cette approche et la comparons à d'autres théories contemporaines. Dans un second temps, après une revue de littérature, nous menons l'analyse d'un corpus de 5829 mots portant un accent secondaire. Cette étude confirme que la présence et la position de l'accent secondaire sont largement déterminées par des contraintres d'ordre rythmique. Elle révèle également des éléments nouveaux tels que le rôle joué par les préfixes sémantiquement opaques dans le placement de l'accent secondaire dans les mots dérivés et non-dérivés, le rôle de la fréquence relative entre dérivant et dérivé pour les dérivés accentués /021 (-) : ou encore l'existence d'une règle de détermination de la valeur de la voyelle accentuée dans la position initiale prétonique
This study of secondary accent in contemporary British English stands in the approach developed by Lionel Guierre and is composed of a theoretical section and an empirical section. First, we present this approach and compare it to other contemporary theories. Secondly, after a literature review, we conduct the analysis of a corpus of 5829 words carrying a secondary accent. This study confirms that the presence and position of secondary accent are largely determined by rhythmical contraints. It also reveals new elements such as the role of opaque prefixes in the placement of secondary accent in both derived an non-derived words, the role of the relative frequency of the base and its derivatives accented :021 (-)/or the existenza of a rule determining the value of the accented vowel in the initial pretonic position
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12

Kapatsinski, Vsevolod M. "The architecture of grammar in artificial grammar learning formal biases in the acquisition of morphophonology and the nature of the learning task /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3358981.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Linguistics, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 10, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: . Advisers: David B. Pisoni; Kenneth J. de Jong.
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Ulrich, Camila Witt. "A neutralização de vogais pretônicas e a formação de palavras complexas em PB : o caso dos sufixos -inho/-zinho, -mente/ e -íssimo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143632.

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Este trabalho busca investigar a relação entre a palavra prosódica e a palavra morfossintática no português brasileiro (PB) a partir do fenômeno de neutralização das vogais pretônicas. Levando-se em consideração que há contrastividade entre os sete fonemas vocálicos do PB somente na posição tônica da palavra, que contextos átonos não apresentam oposição entre as vogais médias (ex. b[e]leza ~ b[]leza) e que, nos dialetos do sul, vogais médias-baixas estão restritas a contextos tônicos, pretendemos verificar, através de análise acústica, o comportamento de sílabas com vogais médias pretônicas em casos em que a neutralização parece não ocorrer. Estes casos são aqueles formados pelos sufixos -inho (ex. c//linho), -zinho (ex. p//tezinho), -mente (ex. b/ɛ/lamente) e -íssimo (ex. c/ɛ/rtíssimo). Pelo fato de manterem a vogal média-baixa, alguns autores os classificam como palavras prosódicas independentes. Assumimos que i) -inho e -zinho podem ser considerados alomorfes de um mesmo morfema (cf. Bisol, 2010); e ii) a não ocorrência do fenômeno de neutralização já é uma evidência a favor da classificação desses elementos como palavra prosódicas, o que sugere que, morfologicamente, eles sejam unidos também ao nível da palavra, e não da raiz. Investigamos a hipótese de que há também evidências fonéticas para o tratamento dessas estruturas como compostos prosódicos (cf. Schwindt, 2013a), pois a sílaba da base morfológica parece se assemelhar em termos de duração e intensidade com a sílaba tônica, cuja vogal está localizada no afixo. Para testar esta hipótese, coletamos dados de fala de cinco informantes da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Utilizamo-nos da frase-veículo Diga X pra mim e, no lugar de X, inserimos palavras simples, derivadas e compostas com vogais médias-baixas e médias-altas na pauta pretônica, totalizando 62 palavras coletadas por informante. Nestes dados, medimos as propriedades acústicas de duração e intensidade das sílabas envolvidas no processo, citadas como os principais correlatos acústicos do acento (Massini, 1991; Pamies Bertrán, 1997; Cantoni, 2013), sendo a duração o principal parâmetro para a identificação do acento primário, conforme a literatura investigada. Os resultados mostram que, quanto à duração, estas sílabas pretônicas parecem apresentar taxas muito próximas às das tônicas quando da afixação por -inho ou -íssimo; nos casos de -zinho e -mente, a duração da sílaba tônica foi sempre superior, como no caso dos compostos, mas com a sílaba tônica da base sendo superior às demais pretônicas. Em relação à intensidade, encontramos, em todos os casos, valores muito altos para a sílaba inicial e para as demais pretônicas, o que pode ser influência da posição acentuada ou do tipo de experimento. Cruzando os dados de duração e intensidade, vemos que a maior parte das palavras complexas investigadas apresentou maior intensidade na primeira sílaba e maior duração na tônica. Apenas com base nesses dados acústicos, não podemos fazer afirmações a respeito da classificação dos sufixos analisados, mas podemos sugerir, baseados principalmente em dados de duração silábica, que há uma proeminência identificada nas bases iniciais de -inho e -íssimo e que -zinho e -mente comportam-se prosodicamente como os compostos morfológicos. Isto, se confirmado por métodos distintos e análises futuras, poderia indicar o comportamento dos quatro sufixos investigados como palavras prosódicas, que são ligados, morfologicamente, ao nível da palavra.
This work aims to investigate the relation between the prosodic word and the morphosyntactic word in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) through the phenomenon of pre-tonic vowels neutralization. Taking into consideration that there is contrastivity among the seven BP vowel phonemes only in the stressed position of the word, that unstressed contexts have no opposition between mid vowels (ex. b[e]leza ~ b[]leza) and that, in the southern dialects, mid-low vowels are restricted to stressed contexts, we intend to verify, through acoustic analysis, the behavior of the pre-tonic mid vowels in cases in which neutralization seems not to occur. These cases are those formed by the suffixes -inho (ex. c//linho), -zinho (ex. p//tezinho), -mente (ex. b/ɛ/lamente) and -íssimo (ex. c/ɛ/rtíssimo). By maintaining the mid-low vowel, some authors classify them as independent prosodic words. We assume that i) -inho and -zinho can be considered allomorphs of the same morpheme (cf. Bisol, 2010); and ii) the non-occurrence of the neutralization phenomenon is already an evidence in favor of the classification of these elements as prosodic words, which suggests that, morphologically, they are also attached to the word level, not to the root level. We investigate the hypothesis that there are phonetic evidences to the treatment of these structures as prosodic compounds (cf. Schwindt, 2013a), because the syllable of the morphological base seems to resemble in terms of duration and intensity with the stressed syllable, whose vowel is in the affix. To test this hypothesis, we collected speech data from five informants of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. We utilized the frame Diga X pra mim and, instead of X, we inserted simple, derived and compound words with mid-low and mid-high vowels in pre-tonic position, totalizing 62 words collected by informant. In these data, we measured the acoustic properties of duration and intensity of syllables involved in the process, quoted as the main acoustic correlates of stress (Massini, 1991; Pamies Bertrán, 1997; Cantoni, 2013), and duration is the main parameter to the identification of primary stress, according to the investigated literature. The results show that, for duration, these pre-tonic syllables seem to present rates very near to the stressed syllable rates when it is affixed by -inho or -íssimo; in cases of -zinho and -mente, the duration of stressed syllable was always higher, as in the compound words, but with the stressed syllable of the base being higher to the other pre-tonic syllables. In relation to intensity, we found, in all cases, very high values to the initial syllable and to the other pre-tonic syllables, which could have been influenced by stressed position or by the type of the experiment. Crossing the data of duration with intensity, we see that the most part of investigated complex words presented higher intensity in the first syllable and higher duration in the stressed syllable. Only based in these acoustic data, we cannot make claims with respect to the classification of the analyzed suffixes, but we can suggest, based mainly in data of syllable duration, that there is a prominence identified in the initial bases of -inho e -íssimo and that -zinho and -mente behave prosodically like morphological compounds. This, if confirmed by distinct methods and future analyses, could indicate the behavior of the four investigated suffixes as independent prosodic words, which are attached, morphologically, to the word level.
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Mielo, Tamires Costa e. Silva [UNESP]. "A formação de adjetivos e processos morfofonológicos no Português Arcaico : uma análise segundo a Teoria da Otimalidade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153255.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, por meio da Teoria da Otimalidade, os processos morfofonológicos desencadeados pela formação de adjetivos no Português Arcaico. Para tal, foi feito o levantamento de 269 adjetivos, retirados das 100 primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria, documento representativo do período do Português Arcaico. Depois de selecionados, os adjetivos foram divididos em primitivos e derivados, de modo que os derivados totalizaram 191 vocábulos. A partir daí, foi feita, primeiramente, uma análise morfológica, verificando quais são os tipos de formação de adjetivos existentes no Português Arcaico, sendo a sufixação o mais recorrente entre eles. Em seguida, verificamos também que o sufixo -do é o mais produtivo de adjetivos nesse período da língua, seguido do sufixo -oso, também bastante produtivo. Em um segundo momento, foi feita a análise fonológica dos vocábulos que sofreram algum tipo de adaptação morfofonológica em seu processo de formação segundo a Teoria da Otimalidade. Essa análise mostrou que a restrição que proíbe formação de hiato é alta na hierarquia das restrições do Português Arcaico, fato que explica o grande número de supressão ou queda de vogais temáticas da base na formação de novos vocábulos. Ademais, tentamos encontrar uma hierarquia de restrições que desse conta do maior número de vocábulos e de adaptações sofridas por eles.
This paperwork aims to analyze, through the Optimality Theory, the morphophonological processes unleashed by the formation of adjectives in Ancient Portuguese. To do so, 269 were collected from the first 100 Cantigas de Santa Maria, important document from the Ancient Portuguese period. After collected, the adjectives were divided between primitive and derived. The derived adjectives totalized 191. After that, a morphological analysis was done, to verify what are the existing adjectives formation processes in Ancient Portuguese, being the suffixation the most common among them. We verified next that the suffix -do is the most productive of adjectives in this period, followed by suffix -oso, also very productive. Thereafter, we did the phonological analysis in the words that suffered some kind of morphophonological adaptation in its formation process, through the Optimality Theory. This analysis showed that the constraint that forbids the hiatus formation is high in the ranking of constraints in Ancient Portuguese, what explains the great number of theme vowels suppression in the base form during the formation of new words. Furthermore, we tried to find a ranking of constraints valid for the greatest number of adjectives and of adaptations suffered by them.
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15

Hellmark, Elis. "A typological description of Celtic and Uralic consonant mutations : Towards a full typological overview of consonant mutations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448233.

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This thesis produces a definition of consonant mutations, a hitherto relatively unexplored phenomenon in typology, using a sample of languages from the Celtic and Uralic languages. It is defined using Canonical Typology. The base of the phenomenon is established as ‘functionalized consonant alternations’, with seven dimensions of variation: conditioning elements>no conditioning elements; sole functional indicator>accompanied by other morphemes; more than two grades>two grades; some effect on surrounding vowels>only affecting the consonant; only leniting>also non-leniting sound changes; word-initial/-final>word-medial placement; and less regular>more regular. It is also argued that mutations’ phonology is less important than their function.
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16

Alves, Ana Carolina Ferreira. "Morfofonologia, morfossintaxe e o sistema de tempo, aspecto e modo em Arara (Karib)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-06112017-122200/.

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Esta tese consiste em um estudo descritivo da morfofonologia e da morfossintaxe da língua Arara, pertencente à família linguística Karib. O objetivo principal consiste em compreender como as categorias gramaticais de Tempo, Aspecto e Modo (TAM) interagem com as categorias de pessoa e número no predicado verbal. Certos morfemas de pessoa, assim como de número são selecionados por determinadas propriedades de TAM da sentença. Para dar conta do entendimento completo da interação entre essas categorias, as análises da presente tese incluíram propriedades gerais das interfaces morfofonológica e morfossintática que atuam nas formas e distribuição dos morfemas. Além disso, foram descritas algumas propriedades semântico-pragmáticas. Os morfemas estão sujeitos aos processos alomórficos comuns à língua como assimilação da sonoridade e da nasalidade, além de ablaut. Alomorfes supletivos também foram identificados, bem como morfemas portmanteau. Foram apresentados morfemas de tempo (passados - imediato, médio, distante - e futuro), aspecto (imperfectivo, iterativo, imperfectivo passado e resuntivo) e modo (imperativo, hortativo, vetativo, permissivo, admonitivo, interrogativo, intencional, frustrativo). As flexões de pessoa nos tempos e aspectos mencionados interagem com hierarquia de pessoa em verbos transitivos e com duas classes de verbos intransitivos. Verbos transitivos são afixados por duas séries de prefixos pessoais, A e O, enquanto cada classe de verbo intransitivo é afixada por apenas uma das séries de morfemas morfologicamente semelhantes aos morfemas encontrados em verbos transitivos, SA ou SO. Já os prefixos pessoais que ocorrem com as flexões de modo apresentam paradigmas menores, dos quais fazem parte um restrito conjunto de pessoas. As flexões de número, por sua vez, consistem em morfemas distintos que ocorrem com determinadas flexões de TAM. Apenas na terceira pessoa do passado distante e na terceira do passado médio são selecionados morfemas específicos. Deste modo, o plural é marcado por diferentes morfemas no mesmo paradigma. Também foram abordadas as construções não verbais, nas quais a categoria de TAM é expressa por partículas e morfemas de tempo nominal quando a cópula está ausente e por meio dos morfemas anteriormente investigados quando a cópula verbal itxi está presente. A metodologia empregada consistiu em realizar análises coerentes com a estrutura interna da língua, a partir do embasamento de conceitos analíticos provenientes da literatura de viés tipológico funcionalista e histórico-comparativo. Foram utilizados dados atuais, provenientes de trabalho de campo, que consistem em textos e sentenças. Palavras-chave: Esta tese consiste em um estudo descritivo da morfofonologia e da morfossintaxe da língua Arara, pertencente à família linguística Karib. O objetivo principal consiste em compreender como as categorias gramaticais de Tempo, Aspecto e Modo (TAM) interagem com as categorias de pessoa e número no predicado verbal. Certos morfemas de pessoa, assim como de número são selecionados por determinadas propriedades de TAM da sentença. Para dar conta do entendimento completo da interação entre essas categorias, as análises da presente tese incluíram propriedades gerais das interfaces morfofonológica e morfossintática que atuam nas formas e distribuição dos morfemas. Além disso, foram descritas algumas propriedades semântico-pragmáticas. Os morfemas estão sujeitos aos processos alomórficos comuns à língua como assimilação da sonoridade e da nasalidade, além de ablaut. Alomorfes supletivos também foram identificados, bem como morfemas portmanteau. Foram apresentados morfemas de tempo (passados - imediato, médio, distante - e futuro), aspecto (imperfectivo, iterativo, imperfectivo passado e resuntivo) e modo (imperativo, hortativo, vetativo, permissivo, admonitivo, interrogativo, intencional, frustrativo). As flexões de pessoa nos tempos e aspectos mencionados interagem com hierarquia de pessoa em verbos transitivos e com duas classes de verbos intransitivos. Verbos transitivos são afixados por duas séries de prefixos pessoais, A e O, enquanto cada classe de verbo intransitivo é afixada por apenas uma das séries de morfemas morfologicamente semelhantes aos morfemas encontrados em verbos transitivos, SA ou SO. Já os prefixos pessoais que ocorrem com as flexões de modo apresentam paradigmas menores, dos quais fazem parte um restrito conjunto de pessoas. As flexões de número, por sua vez, consistem em morfemas distintos que ocorrem com determinadas flexões de TAM. Apenas na terceira pessoa do passado distante e na terceira do passado médio são selecionados morfemas específicos. Deste modo, o plural é marcado por diferentes morfemas no mesmo paradigma. Também foram abordadas as construções não verbais, nas quais a categoria de TAM é expressa por partículas e morfemas de tempo nominal quando a cópula está ausente e por meio dos morfemas anteriormente investigados quando a cópula verbal itxi está presente. A metodologia empregada consistiu em realizar análises coerentes com a estrutura interna da língua, a partir do embasamento de conceitos analíticos provenientes da literatura de viés tipológico funcionalista e histórico-comparativo. Foram utilizados dados atuais, provenientes de trabalho de campo, que consistem em textos e sentenças.
This dissertation is a descriptive study on the morphophonology and morphosyntax of the Arara language, a member of the Karib linguistic family. The main goal of the study is to understand how the grammatical categories of Tense, Aspect and Mood (TAM) interact with the marking of person and number on the predicate. Some person morphemes as well as number morphemes are selected by certain TAM properties of the sentence. To account for the full understanding of the interactions, the analyses include general morphophological processes and morphosyntactic aspects to which these morphemes are subject. In addition, some semantic-pragmatic properties are described. Morphemes are subject to processes of assimilation of sonority and nasality, as well as ablaut. There are also some suppletive allomorphs and portamanteau morphemes. TAM suffixes mark tense: three degrees of past (immediate, medial, distant) and future; aspects - imperative, iterative, imperfect used only in the distant past, resumptive; and mood - imperative, hortative, vetitive (prohibitive), permissive, admonitive, interrogative, intentional and frustrative. When inflected for these tense and aspect categories, the person prefixes of the verbs interact with a person hierarchy in transitive verbs and with two classes of intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs can be inflected with two sets of different personal prefixes, A and O, while each class of intransitive verbs can be inflected by one of the personal prefixes that are similar to the ones found with the transitive verbs, either the SA or SO series of prefixes. Personal prefixes of verbs inflected for all the mentioned moods form smaller paradigms, which are composed by a restricted number of person markers. Regarding the number category, there are distinct morphemes that occur with certain TAM inflections. Specific number morphemes occur only with the third person of the distant past and the third person of the medial past. In this way, the plural is marked by different suffixes in the same paradigm. Non-verbal constructions are also addressed. In these constructions, the TAM category is expressed by particles and morphemes of nominal tense when the copula is absent or by TAM morphemes if the verbal copula itxi is in the predication. The methodology employed is to perform analyses consistent with the internal structures of the language. These analyses are based on analytical concepts from typological funcionalist and historical-comparative literature. We used data from fieldwork, which consists of texts and sentences.
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17

Barillot, Xavier. "Morphophonologie gabaritique et information consonantique latente en Somali et dans les langues Est-couchitiques." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070047.

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Ce travail est consacré à la morphophonologie des langues est-couchitiques, principalement le somali, secondairement l'afar, le rendille et l'oromo. L'analyse des mécanismes "phonologiques", notamment du mécanisme d'alternance voyelle-zéro, nécessité et permet une révision radicale de la conception classique de la "morphologie" de ces langues. Ceci conduit en effet à établir les principes originaux mais rigoureux et très simples selon lesquels "l'information consonantique sous-jacente" est gérée en surface. La récupération correcte de ce matériel sous-jacent permet alors de montrer que la morphologie de ces langues est fondamentalement et essentiellement "gabaritique". Le système verbal, en particulier, se ramène à l'exploitation d'un gabarit unique, CV[CV]CVCV, identique à celui du sémitique et du berbère. La mise en évidence d'un gabarit et de consonnes quiescentes, garanties par le mécanisme d'alternance V/O, permet de comprendre de nombreux faits qui sans cela restent isolés et inexpliqués
The work is dedicated to the morphophonology of East Cushitic languages, mainly Somali and secondarily Afar, Rendille and Oromo. The analysis of "phonological" mechanisms, particularly vowel/zero alternations, requires and allows a complete calling into question of the common conception of the "morphology" of these languages. Indeed it leads to elicit original but very strict and simple principles which rule whether "underlying consonant material" may be instantiated. It appears that the proper retrieval of this underlying material allows to prove that the morphology of these languages is fundamentally and essentially "templatic". In particular the verbal system is shown to operate from a unique template, CV[CV]CVCV, identical to the template found in the Semitic and Berber languages. The elicitation of a "template" and of "latent consonants" allows to understand and unify a series of facts which before were considered as exceptions
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18

Pawou, Molu Solange. "Problèmes de morphophonologie nominale en langue bamun (shüpamem)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC060/document.

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La présente thèse questionne, sur le fondement des hypothèses de l’interface directe (Scheer 2011, Lowenstamm 1999, Guerssel&Lowenstamm 1990) et du minimalisme non lexicaliste (Halle&Marantz 1993), l’importance de l’information suprasegmentale (Leben 1973) en morphologie. Elle croise, pour ce faire, la phénoménologie de début de mot en bamun (Niger-Congo, EasternGrassfields Bantu, Nun) (Hyman&Voorhoeve 1980), une langue à classes nominales parlée au Cameroun, et la relation d’accord entre affixes de classes nominales et racine.Un fil conducteur, la nasalité, permet de remonter le cours de la dérivation des formes nominales du bamun construites à partir d’une racine postulée a-catégorielle (Acquaviva 2009) et de têtes fonctionnelles (Marantz 1997). Au travers de la sélection allophonique des segments en C1 et de la sélection allomorphique du préfixe nominal, on voit que son mode d’ancrage sur le palier métrique via un pied iambique (Hayes 1985) et la façon dont elle investit la position forte (Ségéral & Scheer 2001) du palier squelettal, déterminent la configuration du gabarit nominal en bamun. Ce qui fait du syncrétisme genre-nombre-diminutif observé dans ces formes nominales plus une conséquence de la dissimilation segmentale, à l’origine de la nature tonale du pluriel morphologique, que le résultat d’une opération d’appauvrissement (Bonet 1991) qui effacerait totalement l’information du genre. Celle-ci peut ne pas être exprimée, et est alors marquée par un diminutif à lecture référentielle, phonétiquement réalisée sur l’unité CV-initiale, posée comme existante et jamais licenciée dans une langue pourtant à groupe consonantique exclusivement de type Sonorant-Obstruante comme se révèle être le bamun
The following thesis investigates, built on the direct interface hypothesis (Scheer 2011, Lowenstamm 1999, Guerssel & Lowenstamm 1990) and the non-lexicalist minimalist view of the grammar (Halle & Marantz 1993), the importance of suprasegmental information (Leben 1973) in morphology. It crosses, for this purpose, the phenomenology of the left margin of nouns in Bamum (Niger-Congo, Bantu Grassfields, EasternGrassfields Bantu, Nun) (Hyman & Voorhoeve 1980), a noun class language spoken in Cameroon, and the agreement relationship between noun class affixes and the root.Nasality, a peculiar feature in the language, is used to trace the course of the derivation of Bamum nouns constructed from a postulated a-categorial root (Acquaviva 2009) and functional heads (Marantz 1997). Through the allophonic selection of segments in C1 and the allomorphic selection of the nominal prefix, we see that its mode of anchoring on the metrical tier via an iambic foot (Hayes 1985) and the way it invests the strong position (Ségéral & Scheer 2001) on the skeletal tier, determine the configuration of the bamum nominal template. Thus, the observed gender-number-diminutive syncretism in these nominal forms is more a consequence of a segmental dissimilation, at the origin of the tonal nature of the morphological plural, than the result of an operation of impoverishment (Bonet 1991) which will completely delete the information of gender. When not expressed, gender is marked by a diminutive morpheme with referential reading, which occupies the initial CV site, proven existing and never licensed in Bamum, a not so hypothetical language of exclusively Nasal-Obstruent initial clusters
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19

Trevian, Ives. "Phonographématique, phonologie et morphophonologie des consonnes en anglais contemporain." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070010.

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S'appuyant sur un corpus d'environ 40 000 mots fourni par la xiie edition de l'english pronouncing dictionary de d. Jones (1963), corpus informatise en 1966 par l. Guierre, cette these propose une etude systematique des correlations graphie-phonie des consonnes anglaises, isolees ou regroupees en agregats, avec pour objectif l'econonciation de regles d'oralisation rentables et productives. Sont ainsi examines de facon exhaustive les diverses realisations de chaque grapheme (monographe ou polygraphe) consonantique ainsi que les problemes de palatalisation, d'elision, d'insertion et de syllabicite des consonnes. Inevitablement amenee a favoriser une approche pluridisciplainaire in corporant graphematique, phonologie et morphphonologie, cette etude a, dans certains cas, conduit a l'enonciation de regles hydrides presentant a la fois un conditionnement phonologique et un conditionnement graphique, ce qui atteste la encore l'importance de la representation graphique dans le systeme general de la langue anglaise. Les donnees du corpus et les effectifs de chaque classe de mots ont enfin ete systematiquement confrontes a ceux du longman dictionary of pronunciation de j. C. Wells (1990), dernier en date des dictionnaires de prononciation anglaise, ce qui a generalement permis d'accroitre la productivite des regles degagees dans la presente etude
Based on a corpus of about 40,000 words, drawn from the 12th edition of d. Jones's english pronouncing dictionary (1962) and computerized by l. Guierre in 1966, this thesis presents a systematic study of the graphic-phonic correlations of english consonants, taken separately or in clusters, with the aim of setting forth effective and productive oralization rules. An exhaustive survey has thus been carried out on the various realizations of each consonantic grapheme (monographs and polyraphs) as well as on the problems of the palatalization, elision, insertion and syllabicity of consonants. Inevitably favouring a pluridisciplinary approach encompassing graphematics, phonology and morphophonology, this study has in certain cases led to the definition of hybrid rules with graphic and phonological conditioning, showing there again the importance of graphic representation in the overaill system of the english language. Finally, the data provided by our corpus and the number of words in each class have been systematically confronted with those of j. C. Wells7s longman dictionary of pronunciation (1990), the latest dictionary of english pronunication as yet published, which has generally enabled us to upgrade the productivity of the rules set out in this study
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20

Voeltzel, Laurence. "Morphophonologie des langues scandinaves : hiérarchie segmentale et complexité syllabique." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2026/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur la représentation des consonnes féroïennes et islandaises et la façon dont les processus phonologiques les atteignent. Après avoir décrit la phénoménologie active dans ces langues, nous proposons de modéliser sur une même représentation le contenu segmental et les contraintes syllabiques pesant sur les unités phonologiques. Ce travail s'inscrit dans deux modèles théoriques : la Hiérarchie Contrastive (Dresher : 2009), indispensable à l'identification du matériel segmental actif dans les processus et la Phonologie du Gouvernement 2.0 (GP2 – Pöchtrager : 2006) qui nous permet de formaliser le contenu et les interactions intra et intersegmentales. L'utilisation du cadre GP2 nous permet, dans le même temps, de nous interroger sur la structure interne des segments et sur l'utilisation et la caractérisation des primitives élémentaires. Nous nous posons ainsi la question de la représentation des géminées, des groupes /obstr.+liq./, de la fusion consonantique et de la réduction de clusters. Cette thèse, même si elle se concentre sur les segments consonantiques, propose une formalisation des segments vocaliques : cette représentation structurée explique les modifications que les voyelles provoquent dans la structure des consonnes lorsqu'elles engagent des relations avec ces dernières. Nous nous intéressons en particulier aux processus d'insertion de glide et de préaspiration que nous analysons en terme d'interaction (mélodiccommand) entre contenu vocalique et structure consonantique. Les analyses que nous proposons, nous permettent de traiter l'islandais et le féroïen de manière unifiée, sans nier pour autant les particularités propres à chaque langue
This thesis deals with the Faroese and Icelandic consonants and the phonological processes that affect them. After a thorough examination of the phenomena active in these languages, we propose phonological representations where both the segmental content and the syllabic constraints weighing on phonological units are formalized. The analyses provided in this thesis are couched within two frameworks: the Contrastive Hierarchy framework (Dresher: 2009), crucial for the identification of the segmental material active in phonological processes, and the Government Phonology 2.0 framework (GP 2.0, Pöchtrager: 2006) needed to formalize the content and the intra/intersegmental interactions. At the same time, the GP 2.0 framework enables us to investigate the internal structure of segments as well as the use and characterization of elementary primitives. We focus in particular on the phonological representation of geminates, /obstruent+liquid/ groups, consonant fusion and cluster reduction. Although the main goal of the thesis is to investigate the consonant segments in Icelandic and Faroese, a formalization of the vocalic system of these languages is also provided. In so doing, we manage to explain the modifications that vowels cause in the structure of consonants they interact with. Concretely, we examine phenomena such as glide insertion and preaspiration, which we analyze in terms of interaction (melodic-command) between vocalic content and consonant structure. The analyses put forth in this thesis allow us to provide a uniform account of Icelandic and Faroese while acknowledging at the same time the characteristics that are peculiar to each of these languages
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21

Uritescu, Dorin. "Formel et naturel dans l'évolution phonologique et morphophonologique (Domaines roumain et français)." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030013.

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La modele processuel de la phonologie historique que l'on propose est base sur la relation entre naturel, considere comme extralinguistique, et formel, defini comme element constant integre dans un ensemble organise. L'evolution phonologique consiste en une formalisation continuelle de la substance et reflete tant une teleologie naturelle qu'une telologie formelle. On envisage par consequent deux type d'universaux, formels et naturels, filtres aux niveaux du type, du systeme et de la norme, ce qui assure une relative continuite formelle et une relative continuite naturelle dans l'evolution phonologique. Du point de vue phonologique, le naturel des processus morphonologiques ne refere qu'a la substance formalisee. Pour la composante morphoilogique de ces processus on adopte le modele de la morphologie naturelle. Ces modeles theoriques sont appliques dans l'analyse concrete de quelques changements phonologiques et morphophonologiques en roumain et en francais : la fermeture des voyelles atones, l'evolution des voyelles nasalisees, deux types de diphtongaison, l'evolution morphophonologique et le type morphologique du romain, l'effacement du 1 en quebecois en relation avec le type morphologique du francais
The proposed process-based model of historical phonology is built on the relationship between natural factors, considered to be extralinguistic, and formal factors, definde as constant elements integrated in an organized set. Phonological evolution consists of a continaul formalization of substance and reflects both a natural and a formal teleology. Consequently, we envisage two types of universals, formal and natural, which are filtered at the levels of type, sustem and norm. This ensures a relative formal and natural continuity in the phonological evolution. From the phonological point of view, the naturalness of morphophonological processes refers only to formalized substance. For the morphological component of these processes we adopt the natural morphology model. The theoretical models are applied in the concrete analysis of some phonological and morphophonological changes in romanian and in french: the closing of unstressed vowels, the evolution of nasalized vowels, two types of diphthongization, morphonological evolution and morphological type in romanian, the deletion of 1 in quebecois in relation to the morphological type of french
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22

Meunier, Fanny. "Morphologie et traitement du langage parlé." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H084.

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Mes recherches s'inscrivent dans le cadre des études sur l'accès au lexique en présentation auditive. Elles visent à établir le statut, au sein de ce lexique, des mots morphologiquement complexes, ainsi que la nature de traitement qui leur est applique pendant les procédures d'accès. Les mots morphologiquement complexes (ex : re-coudre, lait-age. . . ) Posent des problèmes de leur représentation (sous quelle forme ces mots sont-ils représentes dans le lexique mental ?). Dans les recherches réalisées dans le cadre du doctorat nous avons abordé ces deux points. Nos expériences ont mis en évidence des différences de traitement entre les deux types de mots dérivés : les mots préfixes et les mots suffixes. Dans un premier temps nous avons établi que les mots préfixes étaient traites de façon continue de gauche à droite comme des mots monomorphémiques, sans subir une décomposition prélexicale. Nous avons également montré que les membres suffixes d'une même famille morphologique (mots partageant une racine comme "laitier", "laitage". . . ) Partagent une même entrée lexicale et sont organisés sur la base de leur fréquence relative. La reconnaissance d'un membre suffixe d'une famille morphologique est donc fonction de sa "place" dans la hiérarchie de sa famille. Ces expériences ont été réalisées en utilisant une tache de décision lexicale avec présentation auditive des mots. Dans un second temps, et afin d'établir les liens existant entre les différents membres d'une famille morphologique, nous avons utilisé un paradigme d'amorçage intermodal avec présentation auditive de l'amorce et une décision lexicale sur la cible présentée visuellement. Nous avons ainsi établi l'existence de liens entre les différents membres d'une même famille (racine - préfixe - suffixe). L'ensemble de ce travail nous permet d'apporter des informations concernant le traitement et le type de représentation lies aux mots morphologiquement complexes. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous proposons un modèle interprétatif permettant de rendre compte de l'ensemble de nos résultats. Nous soumettons également des expériences à réaliser afin de préciser cette interprétation
A major issue in the study of human language concerns the way the stored representations of words are accessed during speech processing. The research work i have carried out so far approaches this question through the special case of morphologically complex words (e. G. , 'undo', 'asymmetry'). Because of their structure, these words allow clearer insight than the monomorphemic ones into the nature of representation and retrieval processes within the 'mental lexicon'. More specifically, we raised two critical questions: (a) how is morphological structure represented mentally? And (b) how are polymorphemic words accessed during spoken language recognition? The experiments i conducted within my ph d have shown that there are both representational and processing differences between derivationally prefixed (e. G. , distrust) and suffixed forms (e. G. , trustful) the first series of experiments used a lexical decision task, performed on auditorily presented words. Our results clearly suggests that prefixed words, just like monomorphemic items, are processed in a temporally continuous way ('from left to right'), that is, without prelexical decomposition (i. E. , without words being broken down into their constituent morphemes prior to lexical access). The processing of suffixed words, on the other hand, is influenced by the rest of their 'morphological family'. All suffixed relatives of a stem are listed fully within their stem's lexical entry, and the place they occupy within this list depends on their frequency (the most frequent ones coming 'on top'). Thus, the speed with which a suffixed form is accessed will depend on its 'place' within its family. A second series of experiments used a cross-modal priming paradigm (an auditory prime was immediately followed by the presentation of a visual target, on which subjects performed a lexical decision). These experiments showed that there exists between all three member types (stem, suffixed and prefixed forms) links of a purely morphological nature (that is, other than purely semantic or formal). All these experiments give keys concerning the way morphological complex words are treated and concerning their representations format. In the last part of our work, we proposed a model that take all our results into account
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23

Lignon, Stéphanie. "La suffixation en ̱ien : aspects sémantiques et phonologiques." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20089.

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Cette these se donne deux objectifs. Le premier est de faire une monographie du suffixe -ien dans la lignee des travaux inities par danielle corbin, et donc de faire une description associative et unifiee avec une operation semantique preponderante, une operation categorielle et une operation morphologique. L'operation semantique en tant qu'operation dominante impose les specificites du suffixe par rapport aux autres suffixes disponibles. Le suffixe -ien permet de former des adjectifs a partir de bases nominales, adjectifs qui sont susceptibles d'etre convertis en noms. Ces adjectifs appartiennent a la classe des adjectifs de relation. Les exceptions rencontrees se limitent d'une part, a certains adjectifs qui renvoient non pas au nom base mais au substantif construit en -ien et d'autre part, a une classe de substantifs ne possedant pas d'adjectif en -ien correspondant et dont le semantisme ne correspond pas a celui des differents classes de substantifs en -ien, c'est a dire des substantifs en -ien transgressant a la fois l'operation semantique et l'operation categorielle. Ce probleme sera resolu par des contraintes d'ordre morphohonologique. Le second objectif est de faire une description morphophonologique des differents modes d'adjonction, ce qui met en lumiere que certains contextes phonologiques sont defavorables a l'adjonction du suffixe -ien (dissimilation, assibilation, etc. ), que cela a un impact sur la productivite des derives et que c'est cette incompatibilite phonologique qui permet d'expliquer certains phenomenes de selection suffixale et non une dominance stricte de l'operation semantique. Cela permet d'expliquer en partie la repartition du suffixe -ien avec les suffixes -esque et -iste apres bases anthroponymiques. La preponderance de l'operation semantique se heurte a un certain nombre de faits. Il est necessaire d'envisager qu'il existe des contraintes de type phonologiques pouvant prendre le pas sur les contraintes semantiques et categorielles.
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24

Landi, Germain [Verfasser], Helma [Gutachter] Pasch, Reinhold [Gutachter] Greisbach, Gerrit [Gutachter] Dimmendaal, and Anne [Gutachter] Storch. "Phonologie et morphophonologie de la langue Zandé / Germain Landi ; Gutachter: Helma Pasch, Reinhold Greisbach, Gerrit Dimmendaal, Anne Storch." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1215293720/34.

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25

Maillan, Geneviève. "Le parler de Mouans-Sartoux : phonologie et morphologie." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE2010.

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À travers une description synchronique du plan de l'expression reposant sur la distinction, dans l'analyse de la chaîne parlée, d'un niveau phonologique et d'un niveau morphologique relativement autonomes, cette monographie du parler de Mouans-Sartoux a pour but de faire ressortir l'identité d'un état de langue sur le point de disparaître. Quelques éléments de diachronie susceptibles de compléter cette présentation tentent d'illustrer les tendances diverses du système, les pressions qu'il a dû subir et son originalité face aux systèmes voisins de la bande littorale des Alpes-Maritimes. Un lexique d'environ 2300 mots et les tableaux des principales conjugaisons sont annexes à l'ouvrage
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26

Harasowska, Marta. "Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change : the case of Rusyn /." Berlin ; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370831678.

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27

Lahrouchi, Mohamed. "Aspects morpho-phonologiques de la dérivation verbale en berbère (Parler chleuh d'Agadir) : Contribution à l'étude de l'architecture des gabarits." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070058.

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Cette thèse est une contribution à l'étude de l'architecture des gabarits. Elle est consacrée à l'analyse de quelques aspects de la morphologie verbale du berbère (Parler chleuh d'Agadir), dans le cadre de la phonologie autosegmentale, et plus particulièrement, dans le cadre de la phonologie du gouvernement. Elle s'inscrit dans un programme scientifique qui vise à démontrer que le niveau squelettal des représentations phonologiques possède une activité morphologique autonome et indépendante et argumente en faveur de l'existence de sites gabaritiques qui sont le siège d'opérations morphologiques particulières. L'hypothèse de l'existence de ce type de sites a été mise en oeuvre dans l'étude de deux aspects principaux de la morphologie verbale du parler chleuh d'Agadir: - Elle a, tout d'abord, servi à expliquer la manière dont le mécanisme de gémination affecte les verbes en CC et CCC, au thème de l'inaccompli. Elle a ensuite été employée pour rendre compte de la variation de la taille des morphèmes du causatif et du réciproque ainsi que leur comportement vis-à-vis de l'harmonie d'antériorité et de la dissimilation de labialité
This thesis is dedicated to the study of some aspects of the verbal morphology of Berber within the framework of government phonology. It contributes to the study of the architecture of templates. It aims at demonstrating that the squelettal level of the phonological representations has an autonomous and independent morphological activity from the segmental level and argues in favour of the existence of templatic sites where particular morphological operations take place. The idea of the existence of this type of sites was used to analyse two main phenomena in the verbal morphology of the Berber dialect of Agadir: it serves, first of all, for explaining the way the mechanism of gemination applies to the imperfective verbs composed of two or three consonants. It is used then, to report the variation of the size of the causative and reciproque morphemes as well as in their behaviour towards the harmony of "anteriority" and the dissimilation of "labiality"
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28

Dieye, El Hadji. "Description d'une langue Cangin du Sénégal : le laalaa (léhar)." Paris, INALCO, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INAL0014.

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Le laalaa qui fait l'objet de notre étude est une langue du sous-groupe cangin. Les langues cangin appartiennent à la branche nord des langues atlantiques de la famille Niger-Congo. Cette langue est essentiellement parlée dans une zone très restreinte située l'ouest de la ville de Tivaouane (le Léhar) par environ 12000 locuteurs. A cela s'ajoute le fait qu'elle est aujourd'hui menacée de disparition notamment par le wolof. C'est également une langue où il n’existe presque pas de travaux scientifiques. Aussi, l'objectif que nous nous sommes fixés dans cette thèse est de fournir une description de première main qui servira de point de départ aux travaux à venir. Cette description est centrée sur le parler du village de Mbaraglou Moussa (Bargaro). Dans la première partie nous avons abordé l'étude phonétique et phonologique de la langue. Au niveau phonétique, le laalaa compte 10 voyelles brèves et 10 voyelles longues qui se répartissent en deux classes selon le trait ±ATR (Advanced Tongue Root) qui régit principalement l'harmonie vocalique. Dans un mot, on ne peut avoir que des voyelles appartenant à la même classe. Quant aux sons consonantiques, leur étude fait état de plusieurs phénomènes phonologiques tels que la lénition, l'amuïssement, l'assimilation, la neutralisation. La deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée à la classification nominale et à l’étude morphosyntaxique des différentes catégories de mots. Le laalaa compte 10 classes nominales auxquelles on peut ajouter une classe locative d- qui sert à former les adverbes de lieux ainsi que les substituts aux noms de lieu. Le laalaa étant une langue très agglutinante, la morphologie fait montre d'un système très complexe par lequel la langue enrichit son lexique mais aussi marque ses temps aspects et modalités (TAM). La troisième partie consacrée à l'analyse syntaxique a permis de mettre en évidence l'organisation des différents constituants (constituant nominal et constituant verbal) en unités phrastiques et la façon dont ces dernières s'articulent pour former des énoncés complexes
Laalaa, which is the object of our study, is a language of the Cangin subgroup. The Cangin languages belong to the Northern branch of the Atlantic languages of the Niger -Congo family of languages. Laalaa is essentially spoken in a very restricted zone, situated on the We'st of Tivaouane (Lehar) town and is spoken by approximately 12000 speakers, Laalaa is an endangered language; threatened particularly, by the widespread of Wolof. Almost no scientific work has been done on this language Thus ; the prime objective of this thesis is to provide a first-hand description of the language which will serve as a starting point for future studies. The present description is based on the dialect of Mbaraglou : Moussa (Bargaro) village. In the first part, we deal with the phonetic and the phonological study of the language. At the phonetic level, Laalaa counts 10 short vowels and 10 long vowels divided into two classes according to the ATR feature (Advanced Tongue Root) which mainly governs the vowel harmony. A word cannot only contain vowels belonging to the same class. As for the consonant sounds, their study shows several phonological phenomena such as lenition, syncope, assimilation and neutralization. The second part is about the nominal classification and the morphosyntactic study of different categories of words. Laalaa has 10 nominal classes to which we can add a locative class d- whose purpose is to form the adverbs of place as well as the substitutes in the names of places. Laalaa, being a highly agglutinative language, has a very complex morphological system through which it enriches its lexicon but also marks its tenses, aspects and modalities (TAM). The third part, devoted to syntactic analysis, made it possible to reveal the language's organization of various constituents (nominal constituents and verbal constituents) in sentential units and the manner in which these latter are linked together to form complex utterances
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29

Fennan, Mina. "Phonologie et morphologie d'un parler arabe marocain de Rabat." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H072.

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J’ai concentre mon travail sur l'étude du système phonologique et morphologique d'un parler arabe marocain de rabat. Cette étude se présente comme une étude descriptive synchronique, c'est-a-dire une description d'un état de langue a un point donne sur l'axe du temps, en fonction de sa structure propre. Dans la présentation des aspects de la phonologie et tout en circonscrivant l'ensemble des relations phoniques, cette présentation s'est attachée à discuter aussi les points complexes et controverses : tel que le problème de schwa, le problème d'emphatisassions et des semi-voyelles. Dans la partie de morphologie on a examiné les variations morphologiques des monèmes verbaux et nominaux ainsi que les conditionnements (grammaticaux, phoniques et discursifs) de ces variations. Enfin, j'ai consacré une partie de ce travail à l'étude de la synthétique c'est-à-dire dérivation et composition. Cette description a été conçue comme un instrument de travail et de consultation : une série d'index et une table de matière détaillée devant permettre au lecteur de s'y orienter aisément, et de surmonter la concision, voire la sècheresse de l'exposé
The topic of my thesis deals with the phonological and morphological study of an Arabic dialect spoken in the area of rabat (morocco) "phonologie et morphologie d'un parler arabe marocain de Rabat). It is a synchronic description of the dialect, which means a description of a state of the language in a fixed time according to its own structure. In my presentation of the aspects of phonology and study of the phonological relations, I included a discussion on certain complex and controversial points such as the problem of the schwa, the problem of emphasis and the problem of the semi-vowels. In the section devoted to morphology, I examined the morphological variations of the verbal and nominal monemes as well as the grammatical, phonic and discursive motivations which led to the emergence of these variations. The final part is devoted to the study of "syntematics" (derivation and composition, cf. A. Martinet). The reader will find indexes and the contents page at the end of the work
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30

Hj, Md Mohd Saupi. "Le malais : études en diachronie et représentation formelle." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1014.

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Les études diachroniques nous permettent d’étudier les changements, d’analyser les régularités dans le changement, afin de mieux connaître la faculté de langage. Nous pouvons remettre en cause le schéma de causalité et donner la cause de l’évolution de la langue en décriant les changements survenus dans la langue malaise sur l’étymologie, la phonologie, la lexicologie et la morphologie. Les études sont des études qualitatives avec une méthode descriptive et comparative en utilisant l’analyse de corpus des listes lexicales anciennes. La formalisation nous permet d’automatiser et de simplifier les règles de la langue sans transgresser le système grammatical de la langue pour les appliquer dans le domaine de la traduction automatique. En passant par les études de la morphonologie et de la morphologie, nous pouvons voir clairement la structure et le mécanisme de la grammaire malaise pour chercher une solution face au problème de la combinatoire affixale du lexique malais de façon systématique. L’étude d’un tel sujet a été réalisée pour comprendre clairement les structures internes de l’allomorphe, de la dérivation verbale et nominale à partir de radicaux verbaux du malais qui nous aident à formuler un modèle de traitement automatique du langage ou un outil pédagogique par le schéma et des règles. Nous avons étudié la corrélation entre les verbes et les affixes pour reconnaître, analyser et interpréter les données du corpus pour voir la relation du verbe avec le système de dérivation malais. Le résultat de la statistique du corpus nous a montré la fiabilité de notre modèle parce qu’il existe la cohérence entre les données et le modèle fabriqué
The studies of diachronic allow us to study the changes and analyze the regularities in the change to understand the faculty of language. We are interested in the origin, orthographic, etymology, phonology, lexicology and morphology of the Malay language. It is a qualitative study using descriptive and comparative methodology for analyzing the corpus. Formalization is a field of automation and simplification of language law without disturbing the language grammatical rules for the application in the field of natural language processing. By passing the morphonology and the morphology, we are able to look clearly into the structure and the mechanism of the Malay grammar in the search for a solution for the affix-lexical combination. This study allows us to understand clearly the internal structure of allomorph, verbal and nominal derivation from Malay verbs in helping us to formulate the model of natural language processing or as an equipment of pedagogy by a schema and the rules. We are presenting the correlation between verbs and the system of derivation by using a study of linguistic-statistic by showing and explaining the situation of Malay linguistic. The result of the statistics and the corpus show us the reliability of our model because there is a coherence between result and the model
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31

Mohamed-Soyir, Kassim. "Le nom en shingazidʒa (G44a) : morphologie, phonologie, sémantique et syntaxe." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070092.

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Cette thèse ambitionnait de répondre à la question de savoir ce qu'est le nom en shingazidʒa, langue bantoue du groupe G40, parlée sur l'île de Ngazidʒa (Grande-Comore) par près de 500. 000 personnes, dont un nombre non négligeable d'expatriés vivant essentiellement en France. Hormis le pitch-accent, trace d'un ton qui a dû exister jadis, et la détermination, cette thèse aborde les différentes facettes linguistiques traitant habituellement du nom dans les grammaires : morphologie, phonologie, sémantique et syntaxe. Cependant, l'accent est davantage mis sur l'aspect morphophonologique que sur les autres aspects, dont l'étude, indispensable, sert toujours, dans cette thèse, à justifier les inférences morphophonologiques avancées. S'inscrivant dans la Morphologie Lexématique Combinatoire (MLC), qui considère le lexème comme l'unité lexicale minimale, dépourvue des marques flexionnelles, dont seul le mot-forme est pourvu, cette thèse met en avant deux théories qui permettent de faire la lumière sur des éléments, peu ou pas étudiés en bantouistique, relevant de l'interface morphophonologique : la théorie du début de mot de Jean Lowenstamm (The begining of the word) et celle des stéréotypes de Jean-Claude Anscombre. Par la première, il a été démontré que le zéro phonétique auquel peut laisser croire l'absence de Marque de Classe (MC) de la classe 5 des bantouistes est loin de constituer un vide phonologique, encore moins morphologique. Par la seconde, sont présentées les subtilités sémantico-syntaxiques créées par l'agentivation, ainsi que les manifestations morphophonologiques qui les sous-tendent ou les accompagnent. A travers ces théories et d'autres, comme celle de la grammaticalisation, cette thèse a, outre l'introduction et la conclusion d'usage, porté sur trois points essentiels : (i) les manifestations morphophonologiques de la MC Zéro (MCZ), correspondant à la classe 5 des bantouistes, (ii) le nombre, d'un point de vue morphophonologique, ainsi que (iii) la dérivation, à travers notamment la nominalisation verbale, etc
The present dissertation aims to explore the nature of nouns in shingazidʒaa, a G40 Bantu language spoken on Ngazidʒa a island (Grande Comore) by about 500. 000 people, to whom a sizeable amount of expatriates living mainly in France should be added. All the issues generally associated with nouns in morphology, phonology, semantics and syntax are considered. Pitch-accent, a remnant of a tone system that probably existed at an earlier stage of the language, and determination are studied as well. Emphasis, however, is on morphophonological phenomena, whose analysis crucially depends on the other aspects of the noun system. The study is conducted in the framework of Lexemic Combinatory Morphology (LCM) that takes the lexeme as the minimal lexical unit, stripped from the inflectional markings only present on word-forms. It puts forward two theories that help to shed light on issues that have been little dealt with in Bantu studies and have to do with the morphophonological interface: Lowenstamm's 'Begining of the word' theory and Anscombre's theory of stereotypes. The former allows us to show that the phonetic zero one would be tempted to posit in noun class 5 owing to the absence of a class marker (CM) is far from representing a phonological, let alone morphological void. Anscombre's theory, on the other hand, enables us to analyse the semantico-syntactic subtle complexities brought about by agentivization, as well as the morphophonological phenomena underlying or accompanying these complexities. Thanks to these two theories and a few others such as grammaticalization theory, three main points are thus considered: (i) the morphophonological manifestations of the zero class marker (ZCM) corresponding to the Bantu noun class 5; (ii) number in a morphophonological perspective; (iii) derivation, nominalizations in particular
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32

Fathi, Radwa. "La longueur vocalique en arabe égyptien : une nouvelle conception." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070045.

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La thèse est consacrée a) à l'étude du système vocalique de l'arabe parlé dans les grands centres urbains du Nord de l'Egypte, et connu dans la documentation sous l'étiquette générique "arabe égyptien"; b) à l'élaboration des conséquences théoriques de cette étude. Deux fils conducteurs traversent chacun des chapitres. Le premier consiste à établir des généralisations descriptives sur des questions n'ayant pas encore retenu l'attention des linguistes, de véritables généralisations linguistiques du type capable de nourrir une élaboration théorique. De nouvelles données sont présentées et traitées par des outils d'analyse différents de ceux utilisés par mes prédécesseurs. L'argument principal de la thèse est que la clé de l'interprétation des manifestations vocaliques les plus importantes en arabe égyptien se trouve dans la définition de la corrélation entre qualité vocalique et quantité vocalique. Dans la thèse, j'établis une corrélation entre ces deux notions: seules les voyelles phonologiquement longues en arabe égyptien peuvent maintenir leur qualité au niveau phonétique. L'élaboration de cette nouvelle conception de la longueur vocalique a été rendue possible par la comparaison avec d'autres variétés de l'arabe dont les paramètres et la diachronie sont relativement bien compris, notamment l'arabe classique, ou l'arabe parlé au Maghreb. Avec l'existence d'importantes recherches sur les variétés contemporaines de l'arabe, la perspective de dégager les paramètres responsables de l'identification et de la stabilisation de chaque langue ou dialecte, semble se rapprocher sinon être à portée de main. Ceci est le deuxième fil conducteur qui traverse la thèse
The dissertation is devoted to the study of the vowel system of an Arabic variety spoken in the major urban centers in northern Egypt, k*own under the generic terra "Egyptian Arabic. " The first common thread that runs through all chapters of the dissertation is to establish descriptive generalizations on issues that have not yet received the proper attention, descriptions that constitute true linguistic generalizations of a type likely to feed theoretical elaboration. A detailed analysis of a comprehensive fragment of fresh data using analytical tools different from those previously used by my predecessors is offered. The main argument of the dissertation is that the key to the interpretation of the most prominent vowel-related events in this language lies in the interdependence of vowel quality and vowel quantity. Only phonologically long vowels can maintain their quality on the phonetic level, otherwise they become incapable of surfacing. The establishment of the new construal of vowel length in Egyptian Arabic was also made possible through comparison with other varieties of Arabic whose diachrony and parameters are relatively well understood, namely Classical Arabic and the Arabic spoken in the Maghreb. With the proliferation of valuable research on contemporary varieties of spoken Arabic, the prospect of defming the parameters responsible for the identification and stabilization of each language or dialect appears to be within reach. This is the other common thread running through the dissertation. The dissertation in this respect contributes to the enhancement of the study of Arabic dialectology
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33

Girard, Isabelle. "Isomorphisme en anglais contemporain : étude de quelques suffixes." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2024.

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A la suite des travaux de L. Guierre et de ses disciples, nous proposons une étude grapho-phonologique et morphologique du principe d'isomorphisme dérivationnel en anglais contemporain qui se fonde sur une analyse inductive des différentes manifestations de la neutralité accentuelle en anglais britannique standard. Les suffixés nominaux (<-age, -al, -ist>) et adjectivaux (<-al, -(at)ory, -(at)ive>) étudiés s'inscrivent dans une zone de conflits où les principes d'isomorphisme dérivationnel et "intra-paradigmatique" s'opposent à l'analogie et s'imposent malgré la non-conformité accentuelle des schémas isomorphes résultants. Notre étude vise à déterminer le(s) rôle(s) joué(s) par le degré de productivité des suffixes sélectionnés, le principe d'homogénéité accentuelle macro- ou micro-systémique et les propriétés grapho-phonologiques de certaines classes de suffixés vis-à-vis de la divergence de traitement de la non-conformité accentuelle de certains schémas isomorphes
The purpose of our study is to continue developing Guierre's conclusions on the roles of derivational isomorphism and analogy within the overall stress-pattern system of contemporary English. This study consists in a set of morpho-phonological analyses based on a selection of adjectival (-al, -(at)ory, -(at)ive) and nominal (-age, -al, -ist) suffixes which are phonologically complex. It aims at exploring and explaining the conflicting relationships between derivational isomorphism and two main types of analogy ("isomorphisme intra-paradigmatique" and "isomorphisme inter-paradigmatique"), paying particular attention to the productivity of the suffixes studied and to the divergent treatment of the irregularity of some isomorphic stress-patterns. Our analysis reveals the existence of a complex network of inter-paradigmatic relationships between transparent and non transparent suffixed words which seems to be ruled by the supremacy of micro-systemic analogy over macro-systemic analogy
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34

Solomiac, Paul. "Phonologie et morphosyntaxe du Dzùùngoo de Samogohiri." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/solomiac_p.

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Langue parlée par moins de 20000 locuteurs près de la frontière ouest du Burkina Faso, le dzùùngoo, appelé aussi samogho, est une langue mandé nord ouest, de la grande famille Niger-Congo. Cette langue n'a jusqu'à présent fait l'objet d'aucune description. Aussi, notre travail, reposant sur des données lexicales, textuelles et audio, recueillies sur plusieurs années dans la ville de Samogohiri, se propose-t-il de fournir à la communauté scientifique une base descriptive à l'établissement d'un dictionnaire bilingue dzùùngoo – français qui devrait faire justice à la richesse du patrimoine culturel mondial que représente cette langue menacée de disparition. La problématique de départ de ce travail est donc lexicale. La structure interne du lexème est exposée dans la description phonologique dans laquelle sont développés l'inventaire des phonèmes (chapitre 3), la structure syllabique des mots (chapitres 2, 4 et 5), et leur structure tonale (chapitre 6). La description morphosyntaxique s'emploie principalement à définir et délimiter les différentes catégories grammaticales de mots auxquelles chaque item du lexique appartient (chapitre 9). L'organisation syntaxique des mots dans la phrase est ensuite considérée dans la présentation des différentes opérations morphosyntaxiques nominales (chapitre 10) et verbales (chapitre 11) ainsi que des différentes structures de prédication, non verbale (chapitre 12), et verbale (chapitre 13), et des structures marquées (chapitre 14) et structures complexes (chapitre 15). Dans une approche typologique et fonctionnelle, ce travail tente de placer la morphosyntaxe du dzùùngoo dans une perspective globale de la linguistique mandéisante
Spoken by less than 20,000 speakers living by the Malian border of Burkina Faso, Dzùùngoo (also called Samogho) is a North West Mande language of the Niger Congo family. This language has not yet been the object of a detailed linguistic description. Thus, based on extensive lexical, textual and audio data recorded in Samogohiri over a period of 20 years, we propose to provide the scientific community a descriptive foundation for the future development of a bilingual Dzùùngoo – French dictionary that should acknowledge the world cultural heritage that this endangered language represents. The initial issues for this work are therefore lexical. The internal structure of the lexeme is outlined in the phonological description where the inventory of phonemes (Chapter 3), the syllabic structure of the word (Chapters 2, 4 & 5) and its tonal structure (Chapter 6) are developed. The morphosyntactic description as such mainly focuses on defining and establishing the different grammatical categories to which every lexical item belongs (Chapter 9). The syntactic organization of the sentence is then considered in the presentation of the different nominal (Chapter 10) and verbal (Chapter 11) operations, as well as different predication structures, non verbal (Chapter 12) and verbal (Chapter 13), marked structures (Chapter 14) and complex structures (Chapter 15). Using a typological and functional approach, this description is an attempt to put Dzùùngoo morphosyntax in the global perspective of mande linguistics
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Faust, Noam. "Forme et fonction dans la morphologie nominale de l'hébreu moderne : études en morpho-syntaxe." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070104.

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CCette thèse traite des schèmes nominaux de l'hébreu moderne (HM). Elle examine les deux assertions suivantes : 1 ) Les mots sont construits en syntaxe. 2) La forme d'un mot est indicative de sa structure syntaxique. Il s'ensuit de la conjonction de (1) et (2) que la forme des mots est moins arbitraire qu'il ne le semble, car elle peut être motivée par leur structure syntaxique. Inversement, la structure morpho-syntaxique des mots peut être de��tectée à travers l'analyse de leur forme. Dans cette thèse, sont fournis plusieurs cas pour lesquels cette approche à la morphologie est confirmée par sa capacité de motiver la distribution des signifiants dans la langue. Ma conclusion est que la forme des mots, si elle est arbitraire, n'est pas fortuite : elle peut être motivée synchroniquement. La première partie de la thèse traite exclusivement des processus phonologiques. Elle examine l'alternance vocalique V₋₁~V₂ou V~Ø (épenthèse ou syncope). Les trois chapitres analytiques suivants traitent des différents aspects de la morpho-syntaxe de l'HM. Le chapitre 4 étudie les noms non-affixés et tire des conclusions pour la théorie des phases. Le chapitre 5 examine les différents suffixes de l'HM. Finalement, le dernier chapitre traite des noms qui sont liés au système verbal : participes, nom en m-, infinitifs et agentifs. Dans ces chapitres, l'homophonie et l'allomorphie s'avèrent être non-arbitraires. Plus généralement, une dépendance non-superficielle se révèle entre forme (phonologie) et fonction (structure syntaxique). La thèse confirme donc les assertions 1 et 2
This dissertation treats nominal patterns in Modem Hebrew (henceforth MH). In it, I explore the two following claims: 1)Words are built in Syntax. 2)The form of a word is indicative of its syntactic structure. It follows from the conjunction of the two claims that the form of a word is less arbitrary than it might seem, because it an be motivated by the syntactic structure of the word. Inversely, the (morpho-)syntactic structure of word can be detected through the examination of the form of that word. In the dissertation, I show several cases in which this approach to morphology is invalidated through its capacity to motivate the distribution of signifiants in the language. My main conclusion is that the form of a word, however arbitrary, is often not accidental: it can be motivated synchronically. The first part of the dissertation deals with exclusively phonological processes. I examine vocalic alternation between two different vowels or between a vowel and Ø (=syncope or epenthesis). The following three analytic chapters deal with different aspects of MH morpho-syntax. In chapter 4 I study unaffixed nouns and draw conclusions for Phase Theory chapter 5 examines the various suffixes of MH and the processes related to them. Finally, in the last chapter I turn to nouns that are related to verbs: participles, m-nouns, infinitives and agentives. In these chapters, homophony and allomorphy are shown to be non-arbitrary. These three chapters ail point to a non-trivial dependency between form (phonology) and function (syntactic structure). The dissertation thus lends support to (1&2) above
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36

Pagliano, Claudine. "L'épenthèse consonantique en français : ce que la syntaxe, la sémantique et la morphologie peuvent faire à la phonologie : parles-en de ta numérotation ?impossible : thèse." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2020.

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Cette étude, consacrée à l'épenthèse consonantique en français, met en évidence le rôle direct que peuvent y jouer la sémantique, la syntaxe et la morphologie, en créant une position forte liée à l'insertion d'une unité [CV]. Aucune épenthèse du français n'est due à un hiatus. L'emphase marque l'intervention de la sémantique : l'insertion d'un [CV] occasionne une épenthèse de [?] en position forte lexicalement vide (c'est ?impossible), la gémination de la consonne occupant la position forte (imppossible), ou le rattachement du [?] flottant des mots à h aspiré (grosse ?housse). La syntaxe distribue un [CV] en cas d'enclise (parle-t-il, parle-z-en) ; la consonne que l'on y entend est un marqueur d'accord et non une consonne flottante : la liaison post-verbale relève de la pure "fiction orthographique". L'élaboration d'un corpus de dérivés comportant une consonne épenthétique entre radical et suffixe (numéroter) met en évidence l'intervention de la morphologie pour certains suffixes
This study inquires on consonantal epenthesis in French. It shows that semantics, syntax and morphology play a direct role in the creation of a strong position in that they send a [CV] unit to the phonological module. Emphasis witnesses the intervention of semantics: the insertion of a [CV] causes the epenthesis of a [?] in a strong position that is lexically empty (c'est ?impossible), the gemination of the consonant occupying the strong position (c'est imppossible), or the linking of the floating [?] in h aspiré words (grosse ?housse). Syntax provides a [CV] when post-clitics are produced (parle-t-il; parle-z-en); the consonant that appears before the post-clitic is an agreement marker: post-verbal liaison in French is a pure "orthographic fiction". The elaboration of a corpus of derived terms with an epenthetic consonant between stem and suffix (numéroter) evidences the intervention of morphology for some suffixes. No consonantal epenthesis in French is caused by a hiatus
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37

Ntwari, Gérard. "Le rôle des morphotonèmes dans l'identification des modes en Kinyarwanda." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24439/24439.pdf.

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38

Kanoun, Slim. "Identification et analyse de textes arabes par approche affixale." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES040.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire abordent les problèmes liés à la différenciation et la reconnaissance de textes en mode hors-ligne dans des documents multilingues arabe et latin. La première partie de ces travaux concerne une méthode de différenciation entre les textes arabes et les textes latins dans les deux natures imprimée et manuscrite. La deuxième partie propose une nouvelle approche, appelée approche affixale, pour la reconnaissance de mots et l'analyse de textes arabes. Cette approche se distingue par la modélisation d'entités morphosyntaxiques (morphèmes de base du mot) en intégrant les aspects morpho-phonologiques du vocabulaire arabe dans le processus de reconnaissance par rapport aux approches classiques qui procèdent par la modélisation d'entités graphiques (mot, lettre, pseudo mot). Les tests réalisés montrent bien l'apport de l'approche au niveau de la simplification de la reconnaissance et la caractérisation morphosyntaxique des mots dans un texte arabe
The presented work in this memory tackles the problems involved in differentiation and text recognition in off-line mode in Arabic and Latin multilingual documents. The first part of this work relates to a method of differentiation between Arabic texts and Latin texts in two natures printed and handwritten. The second part proposes a new approach, called affixal approach, for Arabic word recognition and text analysis. This approach is characterized by modelling from morph-syntactic entities (word basic morphemes) by integrating the morpho-phonological aspects of Arabic vocabulary in the recognition process compared to the traditional approaches which proceed by the modelling of grahic entities (word, letter, pseudo word). The tests carried out show well the contribution of the approach on the recognition simplification and the morph-syntactic categorization of the words in an Arabic text
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Delumeau, Fabrice. "UNE DESCRIPTION LINGUISTIQUE DU CREOLE GUADELOUPEEN DANS LA PERSPECTIVE DE LA GENERATION AUTOMATIQUE D'ENONCES." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169457.

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Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une description du créole guadeloupéen dans la perspective de la génération automatique d'énoncés en créole, à partir du français contemporain. En ce qui concerne les domaines phonologique et morphophonologique, les régularités observées se traduisent par des règles (qui rendent compte de ce qu'il convient de nommer la « créolisation synchronique »). En ce qui concerne le domaine syntaxique, l'accent est mis sur les différences entre le français et le créole, et une description formalisée des principales constructions du créole guadeloupéen est présentée.
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Guerrero, Aurélie. "Analyse thématique de la flexion en catalan central standard." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20010/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la flexion des verbes, des noms et des adjectifs du catalan central standard. Elle s’inscrit dans une approche inférentielle et réalisationnelle de la morphologie (cf. Stump 2001) et applique une analyse thématique aux paradigmes examinés (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). Trois problématiques de la flexion en catalan sont abordées. La première concerne la tendance à réduire, via des règles phonologiques, l’inventaire du matériel mémorisé dans le lexique. La considération d’un nombre important de données montre que certaines analyses sont basées sur des représentations sous-jacentes qui n’apparaissent pas toujours en surface et que certains processus phonologiques postulés ne sont pas systématiques. La seconde problématique renvoie à la répartition des verbes en classes flexionnelles et à leur distinction en réguliers et irréguliers. L’analyse proposée s’oppose aux travaux antérieurs au sens où la répartition en classes émerge des différentes configurations induites par les formes fléchies elles-mêmes et la régularité d’un lexème est déterminée à partir d’un ensemble de relations implicatives par défaut. La troisième problématique concerne l’expression du genre dans la flexion nominale et adjectivale (y compris dans les formes du participe passé des verbes). Dans ce travail, les séquences finales des nominaux sont dissociées de l’expression du genre. Elles sont considérées comme des éléments du thème et participent à définir, en association avec les variations thématiques non prédictibles, un ensemble de classes flexionnelles qui s’éloigne de celui proposé dans les travaux antérieurs
The purpose of this Ph.D. is to study verbal, nominal and adjectival inflection in standard central Catalan. It entails an inferential and realizational approach to morphology (cf. Stump 2001) and applies a thematic analysis to the discussed paradigms (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). Three issues of Catalan inflexion are addressed. The first concerns the tendency to reduce, from phonological rules, the material inventory stored in the lexicon. Taking into account a large amount of data demonstrates that some analyses are based on underlying representations that do not always appear at the surface level and that some of the postulated phonological processes are not systematic. The second issue refers to verbs division into inflectional classes and to regular and irregular distinction. The analysis we propose is opposed to previous works in that classes division merges from the different configurations induced by inflectional forms themselves and that regularity is determined from a set of default implicative relations. The third issue concerns gender expression in nominal and adjectival inflection (including in the past participle forms of verbs). In this research work, final nominal sequences are dissociated from gender expression. They are considered as stem elements and contribute to define, in association with unpredictable stem variations, a set of inflectional classes deviating from the one proposed in previous works
L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és l’estudi de la flexió dels verbs, dels noms i dels adjectius en català central estàndard. Segueix una concepció inferencial i realitzacional de la morfologia (cf. Stump 2001) i aplica una anàlisi temàtica als paradigmes estudiats (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). En aquest model, l’expressió de les propietats morfosintàctiques, considerades com l’aplicació d’operacions fonològiques a un lexema, són parcialment independents de les unitats que les realitzen. Aquest treball es focalitza principalment en tres problemàtiques fonamentals de la flexió verbal i nominal del català : (1) la tendència a reduir la informació memoritzada a partir de regles fonològiques, (2) el repartiment dels verbs en classes flexionals i (3) l’expressió del gènere dins la flexió nominal i adjectival. La primera problemàtica concerneix la tendència a reduir, mitjançant regles fonològiques, l’inventari del material fonològic i morfològic que cal memoritzar en català. Aquest tipus d’enfocament implica, en alguns treballs precedents, basar les anàlisis sobre representacions subjacents que mai no aparareixen al nivell superficial i postular processos fonològics que no tenen la regularitat esperada. La segona problemàtica abordada és la relativa al repartiment dels verbs en classes de flexió i a la distinció entre verbs regulars i irregulars. Tradicionalment, els verbs del català estan organitzats en tres classes flexionals, dues de les quals estan subdividides. En les anàlisis que no parteixen d’un criteri ortogràfic, aquesta tripartició es basa en la presència d’elements segmentals dins de les formes flexionals. El punt de desacord es troba principalment en el repartiment en subclasses i la identificació dels verbs irregulars de la classe II, que són diferents segons els autors (cf. Mascaró 1983 ; Viaplana 1986). D’acord amb la perspectiva que adopto, l’organització en classes flexionals sorgeix de les diferents configuracions que emergeixen de les formes flexionals. Un lexema regular correspon a un lexema el paradigma del qual es pot deduir completament a partir d’una forma i un conjunt de relacions implicatives per defecte. Com a conseqüència, el repartiment que proposo s’oposa als que ofereixen les gramàtiques tradicionals i els treballs més recents.La tercera problemàtica discutida en aquesta tesi es refereix a l’expressió del gènere dels noms i dels adjectius, incloses les formes del participi dels verbs. Tradicionalment, algunes seqüències finals dels nominals s’han analitzat com a marques de gènere o bé com a marcadores de classes flexionals. Tanmateix, els criteris definits per identificar-les són problemàtics. A més, les seqüències finals no permeten inferir de manera determinista el gènere o la classe d’un nominal. Segons l’anàlisi proposada en aquesta tesi, aquestes seqüències estan dissociades de l’expressió del gènere. Són elements que formen part del tema i que, juntament amb les variacions temàtiques que no són predictibles, permeten establir un conjunt de classes flexionals que s’allunya dels tractaments oferts en els treballs precedents
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Tassa, Okombe-Lukumbu G. "La création lexicale spontanée en tetela (C.71): mécanismes et procédures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211734.

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42

Collette, Vincent. "Description de la morphologie grammaticale du cri de l'Est (dialecte du Nord, Whapmagoostui)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25977.

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Cette thèse est une description de la morphologie grammaticale du verbe et du substantif en cri de l’Est de la Baie James (dialecte du Nord), ou iyiyiwayimiwin, une langue algonquienne parlée dans la province de Québec (Canada). Le premier chapitre introduit le modèle descriptif et analytique de la morphologie en matrice de positions (template morphology) et pose les questions et objectifs de recherche. Le deuxième chapitre traite de la phonologie et de la morphophonologie de l’iyiyiw, alors que le troisième chapitre, qui consiste en une esquisse grammaticale générale, introduit les parties du discours, la morphologie lexicale, les catégories grammaticales de même que certains éléments de morphosyntaxe. Les quatrième et cinquième chapitres traitent de la morphologie grammaticale du verbe et du substantif respectivement. L’étude met au jour la complexité des systèmes grammaticaux et propose un calcul de la diversité des relations entre formes et significations grammaticales telle qu’elle se profile dans la langue à l’étude. La description de la morphologie grammaticale procède d’une technique descriptive dite de classe de positions et démontre — au moyen d’une série de critères d’identification (exponence multiple, signe zéro, dépendance discontinue en affixes, permutation suffixale, manque d’unité fonctionnelle, optionnalité de certains morphèmes) — l’existence de matrices dans la structure interne du verbe et du substantif. L’étude reconsidère l’hypothèse selon laquelle, dans les langues à morphologie matricielle (ou template morphology), l’ordre relatif des affixes serait arbitraire et non motivé, et relèverait de stipulations morphologiques et morphotactiques imprévisibles (Inkelas, 1993 ; Hyman, 2003). L’analyse des données indique que c’est le cas dans certains pans des matrices positionnelles. Toutefois, comme l’indiquent Rice (2009) et Manova et Aronoff (2010), aucune langue connue ne fonctionne avec une ordination purement arbitraire et non motivée. Le cri de l’Est n’y fait pas exception et l’analyse démontre qu’il existe aussi des facteurs linguistiques (pertinence sémantique, Bybee, 1985) et sémiotiques (iconicité, Haiman, 1980, 1983) qui motivent l’ordre relatif des éléments dans les matrices, et plus particulièrement, pour les marques de personne et de nombre.
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Farsani, Mohsen. "Etude lexicologique de la langue Bakhtiari d'Iran." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030090.

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Nous avons commencé cette étude en présentant le peuple bakhtiari, d’Iran, dans toute sa diversité : étude résumée de son histoire, de ses origines et de sa formation ethnique, des espaces où il vit, de son rythme et de ses déplacements puisqu’il pratique la transhumance.Nous avons abordé à partir de ses activités et de son économie la manière dont il se loge, se nourrit, se soigne et les aspects les plus coutumiers de son organisation de vie familiale. Puis nous avons abordé et développé l’étude approfondie de la langue des Bakhtiaris.Nous l’avons étudiée, phonétiquement, donnant des renseignements sur les lettres, les sons et l’organisation du système phonétique de la langue bakhtiari. Puis nous avons développé une étude de la grammaire et de la syntaxe de la langue, telle que nous la connaissons et la pratiquons. Il est important de noter qu’il s’agit d’une langue surtout orale et qu’il n’existe pas d’étude approfondie de cette grammaire tant dans sa morphologie que dans sa syntaxe.Notre étude est donc très importante à ce titre. Nous avons pu la mener parce que pendant des années nous avons enregistré, en vivant au milieu des Bakhtiaris, dans notre famille, des conversations, des sessions avec des conteurs et des poètes, ceux qui gardent la langue vivante et nous permettent de la conserver et de l’étudier…
We begin by presenting the Bakhtiari people of Iran. This study summarises the diversity ofthese people: their history, origins and ethnic formation, the places they inhabit and the cycleof their travels since they began the practice of transhumance.We studied the manner in which operations and economy are incorporated into bakhtiariculture, including the more traditional aspects of the organisation of family life. We thenundertook an in-depth study of the bakhtiari language. We have studied this language and itsevolution from its origins to what we know today. We studied it phonetically usinginformation on letters, sounds and organisation of the phonetic system of the bakhtiarilanguage. We then developed a study of grammar and syntax of the language as we knowand practice it. It is important to note that this is primarily an oral language and there is nocomprehensive study of the grammar in both its morphology and syntax. Therefore, ourstudy is very important in documenting this aspect of the bakhtiari language.We have been able to conduct this study because for years our family have lived alongsidethe Bakhtiari people and we have experienced conversations and meetings with storytellersand poets who keep the language alive and allow us to preserve and study their language…
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Luo, Xiaoliang. "Vers une phonologie CVCV du chinois : analyse des interactions entre syllabe, ton et processus morphologiques." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965111.

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Dans cette thèse est analysée la morphophonologie du chinois standard (CS), dans un essai de transposition du modèle CVCV, un modèle phonologique post -génératif. Dans la Partie 1, nous situons l'analyse dans son contexte historique, pour comprendre l'état de l'art qui résulte des consitions internes et externes à la science et mettre en perspective la partie 2, dédiée à l'étude phonologique même.Dans la Partie 2, nous proposons, en adoptant une approche déductive, d'unifier l'explication d' un grand nombre de phénomènes en CS à la fois en phonologie (syllabe), tonologie (représentation du ton, sandhi tonal, ton neutre) et morphologie (composition , réduplication), jusqu'alors traités séparément, de façon isolée et dans des cadres différents, tout en restant économique et cohérent, avec le même dispositif théorique : le modèle CVCV.
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Fournier, Pierre. "Accentuation et prononciation des suffixés en -ous en anglais contemporain." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2013/document.

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L’influence du suffixe -ous sur le système phonologique de l’anglais est considérable. Son impact se matérialise tant au niveau de l’assignation des accents lexicaux, qu’au niveau de la matérialisation phonétique des voyelles accentuées. L’étude de ce suffixe offre une perspective globale du fonctionnement du système anglais puisque -ous se situe à la croisée des principes fondamentaux qui régissent le système accentuel anglais.Cette étude s’inscrit dans une perspective morphophonologique, cadre théorique privilégiant une interaction entre les domaines de la morphologie et de la phonologie. La prise en considération des frontières morphologiques dans le calcul de l’accent constitue le fondement même de cette théorie. Cependant, l’influence du suffixe -ous sur la structure accentuelle et phonétique des termes a fait l’objet d’une multitude d’approches dont nous présentons les résultats les plus significatifs dans la partie théorique. En contrepartie, les théories phonologiques sont confrontées les unes aux autres afin de déterminer leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients.L'assignation des accents lexicaux ne constitue toutefois pas le seul versant de ce travail. Le placement de l'accent sur la syllabe a une conséquence directe sur la réalisation phonétique de la voyelle appartenant à cette syllabe. Elle est pleinement réalisée, et l'alternance des syllabes accentuées et non accentuées participe à la notion de rythme en anglais. ..... Cette étude se veut avant tout un état des lieux du comportement du suffixe -ous. Elle vise également à confronter les règles précédemment établies à la réalité d'une étude quantitative, dans le but de faire émerger de nouveaux phénomènes imputables au suffixe
The influence of the suffix -ous on the English phonological system is considerable. Its impact is materialized on word-stress assignment, as well as on the phonetic realisation of stressed vowels. The study of this particular suffix generates a global perspective on the functioning of the English system since -ous is a blend of the fundamental principles which rule the English stress system. This analysis falls within the framework of the morphophonological theory, which favours an interaction between the morphological and phonological levels. The concept of morphological boundary is essential to the operation of word-stress assignment and represents a key-notion inside this theoretical framework. However, the impact of the suffix -ous on word-stress assignment and on the pronunciation of stressed vowels has already been investigated through several theoretical approaches. The most significant results of these previous studies are expounded in the theoretical part. The phonological frameworks are then compared in order to determine their assets and their drawbacks. Word-stress assignment only represents the first side of this work. Indeed, the assignment of primary stress on the syllabic structure of a word has a consequence on the phonetic realisation of stressed vowels. They are "fully" realised, and the succession of stressed and unstressed syllabes creates the notion of rythm in English. Resorting to spelling enables to predict the pronunciation of stressed vowels through the application of a hierarchical system of rules. These rules, elaborated on the particularities of English spelling, operate a transfer from spelling to sounds
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Bahule, Orlando Albino. "Aspects of verbal morphophonology of Cilenge with special reference to negation and tense markers." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24336.

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Text in English
Negation and tense markers in the verb structure have been the subject of diverse linguistic descriptions, especially in Bantu languages. In Mozambique, however, many Bantu languages, including Cilenge, have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine tense and negation in Cilenge, with special reference to the strategies used to indicate negation and various tenses, from data collected in the Valenge community in Chidenguele, Manjacaze district, Gaza province. The study has shown that this language has wide categories of the past, while the future may be closer or distant and the present appears as focused, habitual, continuous and progressive. The variation and positioning of tense markers are mainly determined by the characteristics of the verb root. In relation to negation, Cilenge employs three strategies: the negative concord, the post-initial and the post-verbal. In some contexts, negative markers may also signal tense.
African Languages
M.A. (African Languages)
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47

"The architecture of grammar in artificial grammar learning: Formal biases in the acquisition of morphophonology and the nature of the learning task." INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3358981.

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48

Bechara, Joelle. "Évaluation de la production morphosyntaxique chez un enfant québécois francophone porteur d'implant cochléaire." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13457.

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49

Skhosana, Philemon Buti. "The linguistic relationship between Southern and Northern Ndebele." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28563.

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Abstract:
This study investigates the linguistic relationship between Southern and Northern Ndebele. The focus is on the historical background of the two main South African Ndebele groups, covering various linguistic aspects, such as phonology, morphology, lexicography and spelling rules. The research reveals that, despite the fact that Southern and Northern Ndebele share a common name and historical background, the death of the Ndebele ancestral chief, Musi, at KwaMnyamana, which caused this nation to split into Southern and Northern Ndebele, resulted in the two Ndebele languages. As this study shows, these differ substantially from each other. The two Ndebele languages are examined, phonologically, in Chapters Three and Four revealing demonstrable phonological differences. Southern Ndebele, for instance, has several sounds (e.g., click sounds) that do not occur in its northern counterpart, while Northern Ndebele contains a number of non-Nguni sounds (e.g., interdentals) that do not occur in Southern Ndebele. Phonologically, Southern Ndebele, like other Zunda Nguni languages, employs the voiced lateral alveolar fricative phoneme /z/ [z] (e.g., izifo ‘diseases’), whereas Northern Ndebele, like other Tekela Nguni languages, uses the ejective interdental explosive /t/ [t’] (e.g., tifo ‘diseases’). Morphophonologicallly, the so-called denasalition feature that both languages manifest in their primary and secondary nasal compounds (i.e., Classes 9 and 10 noun class prefixes) occurs in almost opposing ways. In Southern Ndebele, the nasal /n/ resurfaces in all noun class prefixes of Class 10 nouns, while in Northern Ndebele, it occurs only in the noun class prefixes with monosyllabic stems or stems beginning with a voiced or semi-voiced consonant. This morphophonological feature (denasalisation) has spread to other grammatical environments, such as adjectival concords, inclusive quantitative pronouns and all formatives with the nasal compound ng [g] , in Northern Ndebele. The two languages also reveal that there are differences in assimilation, syllabification, palatalization, vowel elision, vowel substitution, consonantalization, glide insertion and labialization. Chapters Five to Eight focus on morphological differences. Here, the two Ndebele languages show differences in the various word categories: nouns, pronouns, qualificatives, copulatives, adverbs, moods, tenses, verbs, auxiliary verbs, conjunctives and ideophones. For instance, whereas Southern Ndebele noun class prefixes, like other Nguni languages – such as isiZulu and isiXhosa – comprises the pre-prefix + basic prefix + stem (e.g., u-mu-ntu ‘person’ a-ba-ntu ‘people’), in Northern Ndebele, this word category comprises the basic prefix + stem like Sotho languages (e.g., mu-nru ‘person’ ba-nru ‘people’). In addition, while the noun class prefix of Class 8 in Southern Ndebele contains a nasal before polysyllabic noun stems (e.g., iinkhova ‘owls’), in Northern Ndebele, Class 8 noun class prefixes contain no nasal (e.g., tikxabula ‘shoe’). Lexically, the most salient differences are that, although the two Ndebele languages share similar Nguni vocabulary, they have been unequally influenced by the neighbouring Sotho languages. Most importantly, despite the fact that both Ndebele languages have borrowed words from Northern Sotho and Setswana, Northern Ndebele has borrowed many more terms than Southern Ndebele. Lastly, in line with the Southern Ndebele (2008) and Northern Ndebele (2001) Spelling Rules, this investigation observes that the two Ndebele languages differ radically. In Southern Ndebele, for instance, there are numerous language aspects that have spelling rules governing their encryption, but in Northern Ndebele no rules exist as yet for such aspects. The findings reveal that Southern and Northern can be regarded as two distinct languages that deserve autonomous development even though they trace their origin from the same historical source.
Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
African Languages
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50

Girard, Raphaël. "Aspects de la morphophonologie de l'Aymara." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/775/1/M9962.pdf.

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Ce mémoire porte sur la morphophonologie de l'aymara, une langue autochtone parlée en Bolivie et au Pérou. L'essentiel de la morphophonologie de cette langue réside dans les règles d'élision vocalique. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'une part de regrouper les divers cas d'élisions vocaliques en fonction de leurs contextes d'application et, d'autre part, d'analyser chaque groupe de cas à la lumière des modèles théoriques disponibles. Deux classes de phénomènes sont ainsi répertoriées: les élisions répondant à des facteurs morphologiques, et celles répondant à des facteurs syntaxiques. Parmi les élisions morphologiques, celles du système dérivationnel verbal sont considérées en détails. Il est démontré que l'élision/réalisation des voyelles aux frontières morphologiques ne sont associées à aucun contenu sémantique ou lexical identifiables, ce qui en fait des éléments de pure forme. Parmi les élisions syntaxiques, il est proposé que l'alternance élision/réalisation des voyelles finales des mots sert à marquer la distinction +/-OBJET; une notion morphosyntaxique englobant les rôles thématiques et la catégorie +/-HUMAIN. Un second type d'élisions vocaliques de niveau syntaxique est aussi étudié, où le facteur responsable de l'élision est sa position non-finale d'un mot dans un syntagme. Il est démontré que les effets de longueur observés pour l'élision de la voyelle finale des modifieurs sont attribuables à la possibilité de modifier morphologiquement ou syntaxiquement un même item, et que seuls les modifeurs syntaxiques sont sujets à élision. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Aymara, Morphophonologie, Élision vocalique, Voyelle, Suffixes.
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