Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morse, Théorie de'
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Viterbo, Claude. "Une théorie de Morse pour les systèmes hamiltoniens étoilés." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090006.
Full textMoraga, Ferrandiz Carlos. "Contribution à une théorie de Morse-Novikov à paramètre." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768575.
Full textZiani, Mehdi. "Descripteur de forme basé sur la théorie de Morse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4933.
Full textMoraga, Ferrándiz Carlos. "Contribution à une théorie de Morse-Novikov à paramètre." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2045.
Full textThe framework of this study is a closed manifold of dimension at least six that is provided with a nonzero De Rham cohomology class. The aim is to create tools to address the next problem : two closed non-singular (without zeroes) 1-forms in the fixed class are always isotopic ? The general answer to the question is no, and a K-theoretical obstruction is expected. It is always possible to connect two non-singular closed 1-forms by a path that remains in the cohomology class ; the isotopy of the two ends of the path is equivalent to find a relative homotopy of the path to another one made of non-singular 1-forms only. We introduce two kinds of pseudo-gradients for each positive number L : those with an L-elementary link and those that we call L-transverse. They form a class of vector fields adapted to the 1-forms that allows to do an algebraic reading associated with the path. This reading is similar to that made in the theory of Hatcher-Wagoner who treated the isotopy problem of real-valued functions without critical points. We manage to find L, a number large enough to deform a path of 1-forms with only two critical indices into another one with an L-transverse equipment in normal form. The zeroes of such a path that are born together, die together and moreover, the associated Cerf-Novikov graphic is closed : the cited algebraic reading belongs to some K2, which is the starting point for the definition of an obstruction for two non-singular closed 1-forms to be isotopic
Bouche, Thierry. "Inégalités de Morse holomorphes et problèmes en géométrie analytique." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10018.
Full textEsser, Olivier. "Interprétations mutuelles entre une théorie positive des ensembles et une extension de la théorie de Kelley-Morse." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212184.
Full textGambaudo, Jean-Marc. "Ordre, désordre, et frontière des systèmes Morse-Smale." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4106.
Full textGallais, Étienne. "CONTRIBUTIONS À LA THÉORIE DE MORSE DISCRÈTE ET À L'HOMOLOGIE DE HEEGAARD-FLOER COMBINATOIRE." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265283.
Full textDans une première partie, on s'intéresse au problème de relèvement de signe pour l'homologie de Heegaard-Floer combinatoire. On montre que la construction originale faite par Manolescu, Ozsváth, Szabó et D. Thurston peut être refaite de manière plus conceptuelle. On donne ensuite le lien entre ces deux constructions puis finalement on décrit un algorithme qui permet de calculer les signes.
La seconde partie porte sur la théorie de Morse discrète définie par Forman. Après avoir fait le lien entre l'algèbre sur les complexes de chaînes et la théorie de Morse discrète, on montre que le complexe de Thom-Smale donné par une fonction de Morse lisse sur variété lisse close peut être réalisé par une triangulation et une fonction de Morse discrète sur celle-ci. On utilise cela pour obtenir une représentation particulière sous forme de couplage complet de toute structure d'Euler sur une variété de dimension 3 close orientée.
Cherif, Abdoul Aziz. "Contribution à la recherche de solutions périodiques d'équations différentielles fonctionnelles et de systèmes ordinaires forcés." Pau, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PAUU3010.
Full textToulet, Anne. "Classifications des systèmes intégrables en dimension 2." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20113.
Full textPuchol, Martin. "Inégalités de Morse holomorphes G-invariantes et formes de torsion asymptotiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC191.
Full textIn this thesis, we study some aspects of the semi-classical lirait in complex geometry. Let M be a complex manifold, endowed with a holomorphic line bundle L and a complex bundle E. We give here the asymptotic properties of several objects associated with the high tensor powers of L, twisted by E. In the first chapter, M is compact, L positive and E non necessarily holomorphic. We prove the cancellation of the first 2j terms in the diagonal asymptotic expansion of the restriction to the (0, 2j)-forms of the Bergman kernel. Then, we give a local formula for the leading coefficients. In the second chapter, M is compact, E holomorphic and a connected compact Lie group acts on M, L and E in a compatible way. We establish asymptotic holomorphic Morse inequalities à la Demailly for the invariant part of the Dolbeault cohomology. To do so, we define the reduction of M under natural hypothesis and give our inequalities in terms of the curvature of the bundle induced by L on this reduction. In the third chapter, E is holomorphic and Mis the total space of a holomorphic fibration with compact fibers. We can then define the holomorphic analytic torsion forms associated with this fibration and the tensor powers of L, twisted by E. We first give an asymptotic formula for these forms. Secondly, we generalize this formula in the case where the powers of L are replaced by the direct image of powers of a line bundle on a bigger manifold. In both cases we have to make positivity assumptions on the line bundle. These results are the family versions of the results of Bismut-Vasserot
Tagni, Sandrine Kaméni. "Conditions d'existence d'une solution non triviale à l'équation du pendule simple ou double." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10028.
Full textOur work deals with the existence of non constant periodic solutions for the equations of the simple and double penduli with constant forcing terms. For the simple pendulum, we consider the case when the forcing term is constant. We begin by establish a necessary condition of the existence of a non constant periodic solution. Then, by two different methods (namely, an analysis in phase plane, and a variational method of construction of critical points) we prove that for a period of oscillation sufficiently large, the simple pendulum equation with constant forcing term has always a non constant periodic solution. The advantage of the variational metod is that we can use it in the case of the double (or even multiple) pendulum equation. We then consider the case of a double pendulum with two constant forcing terms. Again, we prove that, under for a period of oscillation sufficiently large, the double pendulum equation with constant forcing terms, has a non constant periodic solution. In fact, we prove that the functional of the corresponding variational problem satisfies a modified Palais-Smale condition. Using the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz mountainpass theorem, we prove that this functional has critical values. Then, by using the result of H. Hofer on the Morse-index of the mountainpass-type critical points, we prove that at least one of those critical value corresponds to a non trivial critical point which is the expected solution
Lacroix, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude des suites de Toeplitz, et numération en produit infini." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11031.
Full textMatei, Ana-Maria. "Première valeur propre du p-Laplacien et applications p-harmoniques." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4008.
Full textSeigneur, Valentin. "Extensions de fonctions d'un voisinage de la sphère à la boule." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN082/document.
Full textGiven a smooth function ˜ f defined on a neighborhood of the euclidian sphere of dimension n in the ball, is it possible to extend it to a function defined on the ball which has no critical points ? This thesis studies this question, assuming the f, the restriction of ˜ f to the sphere, is Morse.This problem was first introduced by Blank and Laudenbach in 1970. We give a necessary condition of extension without critical points that is based on Morsehomology and the repartition of the critical set of f into two sets : the set of points whosenormal derivative to the sphere interior to the ball is negative and the set of points whosenormal derivative is positive. This necessary condition is of algebraic nature and uses great theories of the second half of the XXth century, namely cobordism theory of Thom, Smale,Milnor etc. It also leads to a sufficient condition in some interesting cases, and to a weaker necessary condition for a general function ˜ f which is easily computable.The point-of-view is the one of Barannikov, who was the first to tackle this problem bymeans of considerations about path of functions
Allemand, Giorgis Leo. "Visualisation de champs scalaires guidée par la topologie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM091/document.
Full textCritical points of a scalar function (minima, saddle points and maxima) are important features to characterize large scalar datasets, like topographic data. But the acquisition of such datasets introduces noise in the values. Many critical points are caused by the noise, so there is a need to delete these extra critical points. The Morse-Smale complex is a mathematical object which is studied in the domain of Visualization because it allows to simplify scalar functions while keeping the most important critical points of the studied function and the links between them. We propose in this dissertation a method to construct a function which corresponds to a Morse-Smale complex defined on R^2 after the suppression of pairs of critical points.Firstly, we propose a method which defines a monotone surface (a surface without critical points).This surface interpolates function values at a grid points. Furthermore, it is composed of a set of triangular cubic Bézier patches which define a C^1 continuous surface. We give sufficient conditions on the function values at the grid points and on the partial derivatives at the grid points so that the surface is increasing in the (x+y) direction. It is not easy to compute partial derivatives values which respect these conditions. That’s why we introduce two algorithms : the first modifies the partial derivatives values on input such that they respect the conditions and the second computes these values from the function values at the grid points.Then, we describe a reconstruction method of scalar field from simplified Morse-Smale complexes. We begin by approximating the 1-cells of the complex (which are the links between the critical points, described by polylines) by curves composed of cubic Bézier curves. We then describe how our monotone interpolant of values at grid points is used to construct monotone surfaces which interpolate the curves we computed before. Furthermore, we show that the function we compute contains all the critical points of the simplified Morse-Smale complex and has no others
Mennesson, Pierre. "Homologie symplectique Tⁿ-équivariante pour les variétés toriques hamiltoniennes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS315/document.
Full textThis thesis establishes the existence of a version of Floer homology in a Morse-Bottcontext. Given a toric manifold (Wⁿ, ω, µ) and a hamiltonian H : W × S¹ → ℝ invariant bythe action of the torus Tⁿ, the periodical orbits of H are stable by the toric action.The latter admits fix points in W and hence it not free, neither one induced on the spaceof the loops of W and it is, a priori, impossible to establish a equivariant infinite-dimensionalMorse-Bott theory on C∞(S¹, W)/Tⁿ. We deal with this problem using Borel’s construction : we choose a space contractible E witha free action from the torus and look at the infinite-dimensional Morse-Bott homology of thespace (C∞(S¹, W) × E)/Tⁿ where Tⁿ act in a diagonal way on the product.We obtain an invariant for symplectic toric manifold and computes it for a closed manifold
Jeune, Albert. "Contributions au problème de la courbure prescrite et à la theorie des applications p-harmoniques." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4009.
Full textMtiri, Foued. "Études des solutions de quelques équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires via l'indice de Morse." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0150/document.
Full textThe main concern of this thesis deals with the study of solutions of several elliptic partial differential equations via the Morse index, including the stable solutions, i.e. when the Morse index is zero. The thesis has two independent parts. In the first part, under suplinear and subcritical assumptions on f, we establish firstly some explicit estimation for the L1 norms of solutions to -Δu = f(u) avec u = 0 on the boundary, via its Morse index. We propose an approach more transparent and easier than the work of Yang [1998], which allow us to treat some nonlinearities very close to the critical growth. These results motivated us to consider the polyharmonic equations (-Δ)ku = f(x; u) with especially k = 2 and 3. With the hypothesis on f similar to Yang [1998] and appropriate boundary conditions, we obtain for the _rst time some explicit estimations of solution via its Morse index, for the polyharmonic equations.In the second part, we consider a Lane-Emden system -Δu = ρ(x)vp; -Δv = ρ(x)u_; u; v > 0; in RN; with 1 < p< θ and a radial positive weight ρ. We prove the non-existence of stable solution in small dimension case. Our results improve the previous works Cowan & Fazly [2012]; Fazly [2012]; Hu [2015], especially we prove some general Liouville type results for stable solutions in small dimension which hold true for any 1 < ρ min(4 3 ; θ)
Lapébie, Julie. "Sur la topologie des ensembles semi-algébriques : caractéristique d'Euler; degré topologique et indice radial." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4719/document.
Full textAfter the works of Zbigniew Szafraniec and Nicolas Dutertre, we are interested in computing Euler characteristics of some particular semialgebraic sets. In particular, the ones of the form : $ {(-1)^{varepsilon_1} G_1geq 0 }cap...cap{(-1)^{varepsilon_l} G_lgeq 0}cap W$, where $varepsilon=(varepsilon_1,...,varepsilon_l)in{0,1}^l$, $G=(G_1,...,G_l):R^nrightarrowR^l$ polynomial and $W:=F^{-1}(0)subsetR^n$ where $F:R^nrightarrowR^k$ and $k+lleq n$. Once the smooth case is treated, we intersect these sets with ${ fgeq 0}$ or ${ fleq 0}$, where $f$ is polynomial such that $f^{-1}(0)$ contains a finite number of singularities. Then we state a theorem that makes a link between these caracteristics and some degrees of mappings involving the functions $f$, $F$ and $G$. Finally, we study the case where $W$ has a compact singular set.In another part, I work with the radial index, an index defined for singular manifolds. I have a result making a link between the radial index of a vector field V and its opposite -V at a singularity. Finally, I relate that radial index to an intersection index
Sabourau, Stéphane. "Sur quelques problèmes de la géométrie des systoles." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001175.
Full textTout d'abord, nous étudions les métriques extrémales pour le problème isosystolique sur les surfaces. Nous établissons un critère à l'extrémalité des métriques sur les surfaces orientables et examinons le cas de genre deux.
Ensuite, nous montrons que la longueur de la plus courte trajectoire non triviale parmi les géodésiques fermées simples d'indice un et les géodésiques en huit d'indice nul minore l'aire et le diamètre des sphères riemanniennes.
Nous discutons aussi de la rigidité et de la souplesse du rayon de remplissage par rapport aux longueurs de courtes géodésiques provenant de la théorie de Morse sur l'espace des 1-cycles.
Finalement, nous minorons le volume et le diamètre des variétés riemanniennes complètes à l'aide de la longueur du plus court lacet géodésique non trivial. De plus, nous obtenons une minoration de la croissance du volume des boules de ``petit'' rayon, ainsi qu'un résultat de finitude homotopique.
Sorea, Miruna-Ştefana. "The shapes of level curves of real polynomials near strict local minima." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I055/document.
Full textWe consider a real bivariate polynomial function vanishing at the origin and exhibiting a strict local minimum at this point. We work in a neighbourhood of the origin in which the non-zero level curves of this function are smooth Jordan curves. Whenever the origin is a Morse critical point, the sufficiently small levels become boundaries of convex disks. Otherwise, these level curves may fail to be convex, as was shown by Coste.The aim of the present thesis is twofold. Firstly, to construct examples of non-Morse strict local minima whose sufficiently small level curves are far from being convex. And secondly, to study a combinatorial object measuring this non-convexity, namely the Poincaré-Reeb tree of the restriction of the first coordinate to the region bounded by a given level curve. These planar trees are rooted and their vertices roughly speaking correspond to points on the curve with vertical tangent lines.The main objective of our study is to characterise all possible topological types of Poincaré-Reeb trees. To this end, we construct a family of examples realising a large class of such trees. As a preliminary step, we restrict our attention to the univariate case, using a tool inspired by Ghys’ work. One of our main results gives a new and constructive proof of the existence of Morse polynomials whose associated permutation (the so-called “Arnold’s snake”) is separable
Dias, Luis Renato Gonçalves. "Regularity at infinity and global fibrations of real algebraic maps." Thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10007/document.
Full textLet f:K^n-->K^p be a C^2 semi-algebraic mapping for K=R and a polynomial mapping for K=C. It is well-known that f is a locally trivial topological fibration over the complement of the bifurcation set B(f). In this work, we consider the t-regularity and rho-regularity to study B(f). We show that t-regularity is equivalent to regularity conditions of Rabier (1997), Gaffney (1999), Kurdyka, Orro, Simon (2000) and Jelonek (2003). We prove that t-regularity implies rho-regularity. From rho-regularity, we define the set of non rho-regular values S(f), and the set A_{rho}, which is the union of f(Sing f) and S(f). We prove a structure theorem for S(f) and A_{rho}. We also obtain that B(f) is contained in A_{rho}. We study also two classes of maps, the fair maps and the Newton non-degenerate maps. For fair maps, we give an interpretation of t-regularity in terms of integral closure of modules, which is a real counterpart of Gaffney's result (1999). For non-degenerate maps, we obtain an approximation for B(f) through a set which depends on the Newton polyhedron of f (results like this have been obtained by Némethi and Zaharia (1990) and by Chen and Tibar (2012)). To finish, we discuss some consequences of our work: the t-regularity for maps f: X-->K^p, where X is a smooth affine variety; the problem of bijectivity of semi-algebraic maps; and a formula to compute the Euler characteristic of regular fibers of f:R^n-->R^{n-1}. The above results are also extensions of some results obtained, for polynomial functions f:K^n-->K, by Némethi and Zaharia (1990), Siersma and Tibar (1995), Paunescu and Zaharia (1997), Parusinski (1995) and Tibar (1998)
Chen, Yahao. "Geometric analysis of differential-algebraic equations and control systems : linear, nonlinear and linearizable." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR04.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, we study linear differential-algebraic equations (shortly, DAEs) and linear control systems given by DAEs (shortly, DAECSs). The discussed problems and obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Geometric connections between linear DAEs and linear ODE control systems ODECSs. We propose a procedure, named explicitation, to associate a linear ODECS to any linear DAE. The explicitation of a DAE is a class of ODECSs, or more precisely, an ODECS defined up to a coordinates change, a feedback transformation and an output injection. Then we compare the Wong sequences of a DAE with invariant subspaces of its explicitation. We prove that the basic canonical forms, the Kronecker canonical form KCF of linear DAEs and the Morse canonical form MCF of ODECSs, have a perfect correspondence and their invariants (indices and subspaces) are related. Furthermore, we define the internal equivalence of two DAEs and show its difference with the external equivalence by discussing their relations with internal regularity, i.e., the existence and uniqueness of solutions. 2. Transform a linear DAECS into its feedback canonical form via the explicitation with driving variables. We study connections between the feedback canonical form FBCF of DAE control systems DAECSs proposed in the literature and the famous Morse canonical form MCF of ODECSs. In order to connect DAECSs with ODECSs, we use a procedure named explicitation (with driving variables). This procedure attaches a class of ODECSs with two kinds of inputs (the original control input and the vector of driving variables) to a given DAECS. On the other hand, for classical linear ODECSs (without driving variables), we propose a Morse triangular form MTF to modify the construction of the classical MCF. Based on the MTF, we propose an extended MTF and an extended MCF for ODECSs with two kinds of inputs. Finally, an algorithm is proposed to transform a given DAECS into its FBCF. This algorithm is based on the extended MCF of an ODECS given by the explication procedure. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the structure and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. For nonlinear DAEs and DAECSs (of quasi-linear form), we study the following problems: 3. Explicitations, external and internal analysis, and normal forms of nonlinear DAEs. We generalize the two explicitation procedures (with or without driving variable) proposed in the linear case for nonlinear DAEs of quasi-linear form. The purpose of these two explicitation procedures is to associate a nonlinear ODECS to any nonlinear DAE such that we can use the classical nonlinear ODE control theory to analyze nonlinear DAEs. We discuss differences of internal and external equivalence of nonlinear DAEs by showing their relations with the existence and uniqueness of solutions (internal regularity). Then we show that the internal analysis of nonlinear DAEs is closely related to the zero dynamics in the classical nonlinear control theory. Moreover, we show relations of DAEs of pure semi-explicit form with the two explicitation procedures. Furthermore, a nonlinear generalization of the Weierstrass form WE is proposed based on the zero dynamics of a nonlinear ODECS given by the explicitation procedure
Mohsen, Omar. "Deformation groupoids and applications." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC200/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of three different questions concerning Lie groupoids and their applications. The first chapter presents some preliminaries on Lie groupoids. In Chapter 2, Witten’s deformation is expressed using deformation to the normal cone construction and the theory of C∗-modules, which allows us to reprove the Morse inequalities. Our method is generalised to the case of foliations. In Chapter 3, we give a simple construction of the deformation groupoid built by Choi-Pönge and Van Erp-Yuncken. Recall that this groupoid describes the inhomogeneous pseudo-differential calculus thanks to the work of Debord-Skandalis and Van Erp-Yuncken. Our construction shows that the deformation groupoid is actually an iterated classical deformation to the normal cone. In Chapter 4, following the work of Antonini, Azzali and Skandalis, we construct an element in equivariant KK-theory that allows us to express the Chern-Simons invariants directly in K-theory. In the appendix we give some reminders about the equivariant KK-theory and the real KK-theory introduced by Antonini, Azzali and Skandalis
Percie, du Sert Maxime. "Résultats de généricité pour des réseaux." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112130/document.
Full textA coupled cell network consists in a directed graph, with each node (also called cell) representing a set of variables and with each arrow representing the interaction between these variables. Coupled cell networks play an important role in the modeling of phenomena in neurology, economics or biology, etc.. Let G be a directed graph with N nodes. A mapping f=(f_1,...,f_N) of X=X_1×...×X_N to X (where X_j=R^dj) is admissible, if for each node j, f_j(x) depends on x_i only if i->j is an arrow of G. In this thesis, we show that if the graph G is strongly connected and self-dependant, generically with respect to f in the class of admissible C¹-functions, the dynamical system generated by the differential equation x'(t)=f(x(t)) satisfies the Kupka-Smale property, that is all the critical elements (i.e. the equilibria and periodic orbits) are hyperbolic and the stable and unstable manifolds of these critical elements intersect transversally. As a consequence, for a dense set of admissible functions, the dynamical system is locally stable with respect of small perturbations (admissible or not). We also consider the set of "dissipative" mappings f of class C¹, the differential Df (x) of which is a positive cyclic Jacobi matrix at any point x. Such maps define a cooperative system. We show that the dynamical system generated by the equation x'(t)=f(x(t)) is generically Morse-Smale with respect to such mappings f, that is the system is Kupka-Smale, the critical elements are in finite number and the non-wandering set is equal to the set of critical elements. This property implies the structural stability of the dynamical system. Finally, in this thesis we also study coupled cell networks satisfying local symmetry constraints. For such systems, we first show generic results of observation, synchronization and phase shift. We use these properties to show the genericity of hyperbolicity of equilibrium points and an injectivity lemma for trajectories. In the proof of these genericity results, we use different Sard-Smale type theorems
Aboulker, Pierre. "Excluding slightly more than a cycle." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077136.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with structural graph theory. It contains several results, algorithmics and structural, on classes of graphs defined by forbidding induced subgraphs. Graphs that are excluded are variations around the so-called "Truemper configurations". These last might be seen as generalization of the cycle
Tierny, Julien. "Reeb graph based 3D shape modeling and applications." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838246.
Full textGeerts, Twan. "More about Less. Fast Speech Phonology : The case of french and dutch." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100006.
Full textThesis on French (a Romance language) and Dutch (a Germanic language), aiming to study the processes of fast speech existing in these languages from a phonological point of view, to propose a clear overview of the existing data, new data, and a single theoretical model for both processes. For French, the thesis focuses on schwa deletion, gives an overview of existing analyses, and uses corpus data from the corpus Phonologie du Français Contemporain in order to verify the results of these accounts. Corpus analysis is carried out taking as a starting point those contexts where schwa deletion has caused debate. Particular attention is paid to consonantal groups resulting of deletion. For Dutch, where clearer data are available, the thesis focuses on the role of stress and prosodic structure in the process of vowel reduction to schwa. Finally, the two fast speech phenomena are analyzed in a single model, viz. That of Optimality Theory
Moreau, Aurélien. "How fuzzy set theory can help make database systems more cooperative." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S043/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in how we can leverage fuzzy logic to improve the interactions between relational database systems and humans. Cooperative answering techniques aim to help users harness the potential of DBMSs. These techniques are expected to be robust and always provide answer to users. Empty set (0,00 sec) is a typical example of answer that one may wish to never obtain. The informative nature of explanations is higher than that of actual answers in several cases, e.g. empty answer sets and plethoric answer sets, hence the interest of robust cooperative answering techniques capable of both explaining and improving an answer set. Using terms from natural language to describe data --- with labels from fuzzy vocabularies --- contributes to the interpretability of explanations. Offering to define and refine vocabulary terms increases the personalization experience and improves the interpretability by using the user's own words. We propose to investigate the use of explanations in a cooperative answering setting using three research axes: 1) in the presence of a plethoric set of answers; 2) in the context of recommendations; 3) in the context of a query/answering problem. These axes define cooperative techniques where the interest of explanations is to enable users to understand how results are computed in an effort of transparency. The informativeness of the explanations brings an added value to the direct results, and that in itself represents a cooperative answer
Arnold-Bos, Andreas. "La surveillance maritime en imagerie radar bistatique : théorie, simulation, contribution à la détection automatique du sillage des navires." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763477.
Full textRasteiro, dos Santos Andreia Alexandra. "More is not always better : atypical social cognition in (hypersociable) individuals with Williams syndrome." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4317/.
Full textWilliams syndrome (WS) is a genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder that holds the promise of uncovering the underlying mechanisms of atypical social behaviour. In recent years, great interest has been directed at the unique socio-behavioural phenotype, high sociability and empathy, found in individuals with WS, who eagerly, often impulsively, engage in social interaction, even with strangers. To date, the question of whether this hypersociability in WS actually goes along with intact social cognition remains, however, an enigma. This question, at the heart of the studies reported here, is of major interest as socio-cognitive skills are mandatory for one to behave socially in an adapted fashion. The current thesis brings together findings of a series of studies on social cognition in WS. These studies aimed at investigating whether three main ingredients of social cognition - the ability 1) to process faces, 2) to decode emotions, and 3) to attribute intentions and beliefs to others - follow the atypical pattern of social behaviour in WS. Findings of these studies converge to show dissociated abilities when processing human vs. Non-human faces (study 1), emotional vs. Non-emotional contextual cues (study 2), and verbal vs. Visual mental-state cues (study 3) in individuals with WS relative to typically developing controls. Taken together these findings provide evidence for atypical social cognition in WS and question its relationship with atypical social behaviour characterizing the disorder. In addition, these findings challenge the initial notion of an intact social module in WS and provide support to a neuroconstructiviste approach of developmental disorders. Finally, the current thesis considers the advances emerging from these studies, as well as its theoretical implications for understanding the journey from genes to cognition and behaviour
Wang, Chao. "Analyse de quelques problèmes elliptiques et paraboliques semi-linéaires." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809045.
Full textRoos, Valentine. "Solutions variationnelles et solutions de viscosité de l'équation de Hamilton-Jacobi." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED023/document.
Full textWe study the first order Hamilton-Jacobi equation associated with a Lipschitz initial condition. The purpose of this thesis is to compare two notions of weak solutions for this equation, namely the viscosity solution and the variational solution, that are known to coincide in convex Hamiltonian dynamics. In order to work in a relevant framework for both notions, we first need to build a variational solution without compactness assumption on the manifold or the Hamiltonian. To do so, we follow the historical construction, detailing properties of the generating family obtained via the broken geodesics method. Local estimates allow to prove that the viscosity solution can be obtained from the variational solution via an iterative process. We then check that this construction gives effectively the viscosity solution for a convex Hamiltonian, and characterize the integrable Hamiltonians for which this property persists by carefully studying elementary examples in dimension 1 and 2
Durieu, Olivier. "Comportements Asymptotiques des Processus Stationnaires et des Processus Empiriques dans des Systèmes Dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346539.
Full textDans le cadre du principe d'invariance faible de Donsker, plusieurs résultats s'obtiennent au travers d'approximations par des martingales et plus généralement par des critères projectifs. Nous comparons quatre de ces critères et montrons leur indépendance mutuelle. Les critères étudiés sont la décomposition martingale-cobord (Gordin, 1969), la condition de Hannan (1979), le critère de Dedecker et Rio (2000) et
la condition de Maxwell et Woodroofe (2000).
En ce qui concerne le comportement asymptotique des processus empiriques, nous établissons un principe d'invariance dans le cas des automorphismes du tore. Cela permet de sortir du cadre hyperbolique connu et d'obtenir un premier résultat pour une transformation partiellement hyperbolique.
Nous proposons également une nouvelle approche, basée sur des méthodes d'opérateurs, permettant d'établir un principe d'invariance empirique. Cette méthode s'applique en particulier aux cas où l'on a de bonnes propriétés pour une classe de fonctions ne contenant pas les fonctions indicatrices. C'est en particulier le cas de certains systèmes dynamiques dont l'opérateur de transfert admet un trou spectral.
En dernier lieu, suivant une question de Burton et Denker (1987), nous nous intéressons à la classe des processus pour lesquels le théorème limite central a lieu. En référence au cadre des processus empiriques, nous étudions en particulier les suites de sommes partielles des itérées d'une fonction indicatrice.
Briki, Walid. "La dynamique du momentum psychologique en sport." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON14002/document.
Full textThe present thesis aimed to examine the characteristics of complexity and dynamics of psychological momentum (PM) in sport. A first series of studies attempted to explore qualitatively (Study 1) and quantitatively (Studies 2, 3, and 4) these characteristics in natural situations of sport competition. Study 1 evidenced the richness of PM contents, its mechanisms of emergence (dissonance, consonance, and thought flow disturbance), as well as its forms of development over time (amplification processes). These findings suggest that PM is rooted in a meaningful history of events. Studies 2, 3, and 4 showed that certain affective contents, such as competitive anxiety and self-confidence, can change abruptly during PM phases, which suggests the nonlinear character of PM. Consequently, a second series of studies (Studies 5, 6, 7, and 8) was then conducted in order to experimentally test the potential properties of non linearity and history-dependence of PM through the lens of the dynamical systems approach. These studies were based on ascending (positive momentum) versus descending (negative momentum) scenarios of performance that were virtually (Studies 5 and 6) or actually (Study 7) experienced by actors, or that were seen from the point of view of a spectator (Study 8). Variations of PM displayed patterns of negative hysteresis (Studies 5, 6, and 8) and critical boundary that was lagged so that negative PM was triggered faster than positive PM. The negative hysteresis that was found among spectators (Study 8) displayed an asymmetry that reflected a faster triggering for positive PM. These findings evidence the properties of non linearity and history-dependence of PM, show the influence of the degree of involvement in the situation on PM dynamics, and support the general hypothesis that PM is a complex and dynamical phenomenon
Reysset, Aurelien. "Conception préliminaire d'actionneurs électromécaniques - outils d'aide à la spécification et à la génération de procédures de dimensionnement pour l'optimisation." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0003/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to bring a package of software tools included in a whole methodology dealing with mechatronic systems design. It comes as an add-on to the work already carried out at the laboratory in the field of the new generation of aircraft actuation systems: electromechanical actuators (EMA). This technology triggers new problematics leading the engineers to modify their development process as early as the specification phase, when mission profiles have to be generated/transformed/analyzed in order to simplify the design and ensure the validation step. Thus a Simulink toolbox has been created to meet the need for an information translator working as an intermediate between airframer and system-supplier. As for all the embedded systems, the designer has to face some performance-lifetime-integration trade-off, which can be considered as an optimization problem described by a set of equations and constraints. Particular attention is paid here to the conditioning of those explicit equations in order to obtain a standardized calculation sequence adapted to many optimization algorithms. The method and implemented software, both based on the graph theory, interact with the designer to inform him on the possible singularity and algebraic loop issues, providing some leads for their resolution. Finally, some preliminary sizing studies of landing gear and primary flight control surfaces (aileron and spoiler) actuation systems are presented to highlight the possibilities brought out by this innovative approach: integrated design with complex kinematics, collaborative multi-partners design, use of response surfaces to speed up the optimization
Al-Kayyali, Abdul-Hameed. "La doctrine de la prophétie chez Maïmonide (m. 601/1204) entre pensée juive et pensée musulmane." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3111/document.
Full textMaimonides (d. 601/1204) is universally recognized as a leading rabbinic authority in Judaism. His eminence as a philosopher made him an indispensable source in Jewish, Christian and Islamic philosophical and religious thought. The present study aims to analyze the origins of the doctrine of prophecy in Maimonides' philosophy by studying, first, the original sources and then to compare them with the works completed by Muslim philosophers, most notably, Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Bāğğa. Chapter I addresses Maimonides' definition of prophecy. Chapter II examines the role of imagination in the prophecy. Chapter III is devoted to the political implications of prophecy
Giraud, Xavier. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception optimale des réseaux de distribution d'électricité dans les aéronefs." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955887.
Full textCharette, François. "Opération d'intersection généralisée en théorie de Morse." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18147.
Full textCharette, Francois. "Opération d'intersection généralisée en théorie de Morse." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18147.
Full textRousseau, Olivier. "Quelques propriétés du complexe de Morse-Novikov." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17272.
Full textDuquerroix, Florian. "Complexe de Morse et bifurcations." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11970.
Full textLet (ft,Xt)t∈J be a family of pairs, where J is an interval, ft is a smooth real-valued Morse function defined on a smooth compact manifold V , and Xt is a pseudo-gradient field associated to ft. The purpose of this master thesis is to study the bifurcations undergone by the associated Morse complexes. Two ways are used to reach this result : the direct study of the bifurcations and the continuation method. We prove that the two methods produce the same results from a functorial point of view.
St-Pierre, Alexandre. "Homologie de morse et théorème de la signature." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7892.
Full textFerrand, Emmanuel. "Topologie et combinatoire des sous-variétés legendriennes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364936.
Full textCes travaux concernent les sous-variétés legendriennes, étudiées du point de vue de la théorie de Morse et de la combinatoire des fronts d'ondes.
Fontaine, Paul. "Croisements de lignes de flot entre fonctions de Morse et décomposition en cône itéré." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24343.
Full textThis master’s thesis introduces a new way to sudy Morse functions on a compact manifold. More specifically, crossings between flows of pseudo-gradients associated to Morse functions allow one to define geometric realisations of morphisms between the Morse complexes. This new class of morphisms leads to the definition of a triangulated category. The main question is to determine if every object of this category admits an iterated cone decomposition. Such a decomposition would greatly simplify the study of the dynamic of a Morse function by interpreting it as many perfect Morse functions. A second topic concerns the global genericity condition to which this category is subject. We study a way, through deformation of Morse functions, to avoid such a constraint.
Morin, Audrey. "Complexes de type Morse et leurs équivalences." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19113.
Full textCe mémoire est une étude détaillée de certains aspects de la théorie de Morse et des complexes de chaînes qui en découlent : le complexe de Morse, le complexe de Milnor et le complexe de Barraud-Cornea. À l’aide de différentes techniques de la topologie différentielle et de la théorie de Morse, dont les bases forment les premiers chapitres de ce texte, nous ferons la construction détaillée de ces trois complexes avant de démontrer leurs équivalences deux à deux. Ce mémoire synthétise et met en parallèle trois branches de la théorie de Morse en ne supposant que des connaissances du niveau d’un étudiant de début maîtrise.
In this thesis, we study aspects of Morse theory and the chain complexes that derive from it : the Morse complex, the Milnor complex and the Barraud-Cornea complex. Using different techniques from differential topology and Morse theory, which will be presented in the first chapters, we carefully build these complexes before proving their equivalence. This thesis synthesises and compares three points of view in Morse theory in a document accessible to beginning graduate students.
Hertz, Anaelle. "États cohérents et comprimés du potentiel de Morse et intrication créée par un miroir semi-transparent." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10305.
Full textIn order to describe the vibrations inside a diatomic molecule, the Morse potential is a better approximation than the harmonic oscillator system. Thus, based on the definition of the coherent states given in the context of the harmonic oscillator, the first part of this work suggests a construction for the squeezed coherent states of the Morse potential. Two types of states will be constructed and their diverse properties will be studied with special attention to the trajectories and dispersions in order to confirm their quasi-classicity. The second part of this work proposes to insert those two types of Morse squeezed coherent states in a beam splitter in order to introduce a new way of creating entanglement. This entanglement will be measured by the linear entropy and we will study the dependence with the coherence and squeezing parameters.
Girouard, Alexandre. "Dégénérescence et problèmes extrémaux pour les valeurs propres du laplacien sur les surfaces." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6627.
Full textGirouard, Alexandre. "Dégénérescence et problèmes extrémaux pour les valeurs propres du laplaciens sur les surfaces." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576283.
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