Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mortalité maternelle et néonatale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 38 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Mortalité maternelle et néonatale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Niada, Gonde Fanta. "Évaluation du plan d'accélération de réduction de la mortalité maternelle et néonatale au Burkina Faso : Cas des provinces du Kadiogo et du Bazèga." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28550/28550.pdf.
Full textNdour, Cheikh. "Modélisation statistique de la mortalité maternelle et néonatale pour l'aide à la planification et à la gestion des services de santé en Afrique Sub-Saharienne." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996996.
Full textKiragu, Ann. "La mortalité maternelle au Kenya : mesures et déterminants." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010656.
Full textIn nearly the last three decades, an increased interest in maternal mortality has been taken by both researchers and the international community. Strategies and targets to reduce maternal mortality have been set during various International Conferences (The Safe Motherhood Conference in Nairobi in 1987, the International Conference on population in Cairo in 1994, and most importantly, the Millennium Summit in New York in the year 2000). While some developing countries have managed to meet the targets set, persistently high risks of maternal mortality remain one of the greatest health challenges that Kenya continue to face. Like in most sub-Saharan Africa countries, in Kenya, vital registration of births and deaths, that could reliably and continuously elicit information on maternal deaths, is usually incomplete. DHS sibling history data is the major source of information for both adult and maternal mortality. Using this data, this dissertation seeks to explain the persistently high levels of maternal mortality in Kenya between 1986 and 2008. A hospital based study is used to measure obstetric morbidities. This dissertation combines both classic demographic methods and generalized linear models to study levels and trends of maternal mortality, analyze obstetric morbidities and individual determinants of maternal mortality and morbidity. The Kenyan health system is considered as a contextual determinant of maternal mortality and morbidity in terms of availability, accessibility and quality of maternal health services. We find that the persistently high levels of maternal mortality are extremely related to the healthcare system, women’s reproductive and maternal healthcare seeking behavior, and that women’s’ behavior is highly linked to their socio cultural environment
Deneux-Tharaux, Catherine. "Mortalité maternelle : mesures, causes et déterminants liés aux pratiques obstétricales." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066033.
Full textSibiude, Jeanne. "Tolérance maternelle et néonatale des antirétroviraux pendant la grossesse à l’ère des multithérapies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS050/document.
Full textOur objective was to study potential associations between antiretroviral treatment and obstetrical or neonatal complications in a population of HIV-positive pregnant women. Most of the analyses were conducted with data from the French Perinatal Cohort (ANRS-EPF), an ongoing multicenter national cohort with more than 20 000 mother-infant pairs included since 1986. In the recent years, most women receive combination antiretroviral therapies (cART ; 98% en 2013) and the trasnsmission rate is consistently under 1% : 0.6% (IC95% : 0.4%-0.8% for 2005-2013). Risk of preterm birth was significantly associated with cART, when compared to NRTI monotherapy or dual therapy, and with timing of treatment, higher for women treated at conception than for those initiating treatment during pregnancy. The occurrence of liver enzyme elevation was frequent (17%), and was associated both with preterm birth and with PI-based treatment, when compared to NNRTIs. LEE could be an intermediate factor between cART and preterm birth. The second part of this work was a study of congenital birth defect in the cohort, and showed an association between first trimester-exposure to efavirenz and neurological defects, but this concerned small numbers (n=4), and reached significance only in a sensitivity analysis. This association encourages us to maintain awareness concerning this molecule, considered teratogenic by the FDA but more and more largely prescribed. We also reported an association between first-trimester exposure to zidovudine and congenital heart defects. In a third part, we studied heart function, differences in contractility and septum thickness of the left ventricle was found, among girls exposed to a combination containing zidovudine and lamivudineThese results do not question the great progress of antiretroviral treatment in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, but they encourage us to continue epidemiologic surveillance of potential side effects, in order to optimize prescriptions for an improved benefit/risk ratio
Dumont, Alexandre. "Organisation des soins obstétricaux d'urgence et mortalité maternelle en Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066103.
Full textGeslain, Philippe. "L'hémorragie foeto-maternelle : à propos d'un cas." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3039.
Full textQuibel, Elsa. "La prise en charge de la mortalité maternelle : aspects professionnels, historiques et juridiques." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083585.
Full textThis thesis studies the taking over of maternal mortality and its evolution, from a historical point of view - right from the XVIIth century – in order to go over this evolution thoroughly. The medical side could not be avoided as the XXth century essentially called on physicians to speak, namely about the hospital architecture. The legal side has been deep rooted in all eras , but was especially important concerning the right of work – to examine how the XIXth century liberalism was overrun by ever more pregnant State intervention, with an extended protection to non-working women. This study had to describe the parallel putting in place of a social protection, for distress, poverty and exclusion factors up to now. So the ground of ours thesis is the medical and social charge-taking
Melchior, Meggane. "Caractérisation du contrôle descendant inhibiteur ocytocinergique et de sa modulation par un stress de séparation maternelle néonatale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ013/document.
Full textOxytocin is a small peptide synthesized in hypothalamic neurons. She is well known for its roles in reproduction and social interactions, especially in mother-infant interactions, but also displays analgesic effects. During this thesis, I tried to get a better understanding of the circuits underlying OT analgesia. Then, I tried to determine if neonatal maternal separation, affecting mother-infant interactions, alters adult pain responses and oxytocin analgesia. This work allowed to identify a subgroup of oxytocinergic neurons in the hypothalamus, able to decrease pain through a dual action. They directly inhibit nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord and control the activity of another population of oxytocinergic neurons releasing the peptide in the bloodstream. Our work on maternal separation shows that it induces nociceptive hypersensitivity at adulthood, and a dysfunction in oxytocin analgesia
Mbola, Mbassi Symplice. "Soins obstétricaux d'urgence et mortalité maternelle dans les maternités de troisième niveau du Cameroun : approche évaluative d'une intervention visant à améliorer le transfert obstétrical et la prise en charge des complications maternelles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066352/document.
Full textDespite numerous initiatives undertaken by health authorities in the past years, maternal mortality remains a major public health issue in Cameroon. Against this background, research was conducted (i) to determine the maternal mortality patterns in 7 tertiary maternity centers in Cameroon, (ii) to document various stages of an intervention for improving referral system and the management of obstetric emergencies and (ii) evaluate the effect of these measures on maternal mortality and propose future actions. The research was conducted in three phases. A retrospective review of the aggregate data for the period 2004-2006 was performed including all births, obstetric complications, caesarean sections and maternal deaths. Then 33 months intervention has been set up in 22 peripheral maternities and in three tertiary maternity centers where maternal mortality was very high. The evaluation of the intervention was made using the quasi-Experimental design. This method combined the pre- and post- intervention study as well as the study of the maternities where there was intervention compared to the control group. Two years after the intervention, maternal deaths recorded in the target tertiary maternity centers decreased by more than half (P = 0.000001). The case fatality rate decreased from 2.2 to 0.7% in the same group (P = 0.000001). Moreover, the number of deaths among referred women decreased significantly and the case fatality rate was less than 1%. The research findings highlight the impact of capacity building providers, improvement of the referral system and quality of care on maternal mortality
Bonnet, Marie-Pierre. "Hémorragie du postpartum : profil épidémiologique et évaluation des pratiques d'anesthésie-réanimation en France." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066009/document.
Full textIn France, the maternal mortality ratio due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is higher than in other high resources countries. This situation remains partially unexplained. The objectives of this PhD thesis were: 1/ to compare PPH epidemiological characteristics between France and Canada, 2/ to describe anesthesia and intensive care practices in PPH and to compare them with guidelines, first in cases of maternal deaths from PPH and secondly in a large population of women with PPH. The data sources were: the Discharge Abstract Database from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Pithagore6 trial and the French Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths. The comparison of PPH epidemiological profiles between France and Canada shows that PPH incidence is not higher in France. Second-line treatments in PPH management are more frequently performed, suggesting a higher incidence of severe PPH in France. Among maternal deaths from PPH, some practices in anesthesia and critical care management appear to be inadequate: clinical monitoring and laboratory assessment, protocol for general anesthesia and transfusion strategy. The description on transfusion practices in a large population of women with PPH shows that the use of blood products is not sufficient. Conversely, transfusion strategies with unproved efficacy are frequently used. These results suggest a higher rate of severe PPH in France, that may result in the higher maternal mortality due to PPH. Inadequate practices in anesthesia and critical care could be involved in this severity. But the association between specific components of anesthesia and critical care management and PPH severity remains to be explored
Ducarme, Guillaume. "Morbidité maternelle et néonatale à court et moyen terme après un accouchement instrumental en fonction de la hauteur de la présentation." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ee175228-9064-4975-9437-0bba0a3bc314.
Full textThe French National College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (CNGOF) guidelines considered that midpelvic operative vaginal delivery (OVD) are generally not recommended, but the available data, based on low level of evidence, do not justify a full contraindication of this specific type of delivery and that a case-by-case analysis is necessary according to the experience of the obstetrician. The objective of this study were to assess (i) severe shortterm maternal and neonatal morbidity after attempted OVD (aOVD), according to its classification (defined by fetal head station), and to compare severe maternal and neonatal morbidity specifically for midpelvic and low OVDs; (ii) pelvic floor symptoms 6 months after aOVD (midpelvic compared to low aOVDs), and to determine risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI) and anal incontinence (AI); (iii) male and female sexual function and maternal post-partum depression 6 months after aOVD, and, specifically, for midpelvic and low pelvic aOVDs. In our study, midpelvic aOVD (i) was not significantly associated with a higher rate of severe short-term maternal and neonatal morbidity than attempted low pelvic delivery, (ii) was not significantly associated with a higher rate of UI or AI than was attempted low pelvic aOVD at 6 months postpartum, (iii) was not significantly associated with a higher rate in male and female sexual dysfunction and maternal postpartum depression than attempted low pelvic aOVD at 6 months postpartum. Third/fourth degree perineal tears and maternal age older than 30 years were significant risk factors for UI and AI at 6 months postpartum
Padilla, Cindy. "Inégalités sociales de santé et expositions environnementales. Une analyse spatio-temporelle du risque de mortalité infantile et néonatale dans quatre agglomérations françaises." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0192/document.
Full textIn France, existence of social health inequalities (SHI) has well established. Infant and neonatal mortality are recognized as indicators of the health status of a population. In spite of numerous risk factors already identified, a part of these inequalities remain unexplained, environmental nuisances are suspected. The thesis objectives were to analyze by a spatial and temporal approach, the contribution of exposure to nitrogen dioxide to social inequalities in infant and neonatal mortality in France between 2000 and 2009. We conducted an ecological type epidemiological study using the French census block as the geographical unit in the metropolitan areas of Lille, Paris, Lyon, and Marseille. All cases collected in the cities hall were geocoded using address of parent's residence. Socioeconomic data estimated from the 1999, 2006 national census were used in a composite index which encompasses multiple dimensions to analyze global deprivation. Average nitrogen dioxide concentrations were modeled by the air quality monitoring networks. Generalized additive models allowed to take into account spatial autocorrelation and generate maps using smoothing on longitude and latitude while adjusting for covariates of interest. Using an innovative approach, results highlight the existence of socio-spatial, environmental or cumulate inequalities in infant and neonatal mortality. These results are city-specific, they vary according to the period and the health event demonstrating the difficulty to generalize these observations at the national level
Kodio, Belco. "Niveaux, causes et facteurs de risque de la mortalité maternelle en milieu rural au Sénégal : 1984-1998." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28849.
Full textObjective : To assess the magnitude of maternal mortality, their causes and risk factor in rural Senegal. Methods : The study has been carried out in three rural sesttings under continuous demographic surveillance since several years. A total of 317, 110 and 44 deaths of women in reproductive age (15-44 years) has been recorded in Niakhar (1984-87), Bandafassi (1988-97) and Mlomp (1985-98), respectively. Information on each death has been summarised in a confidential verbal autopsy file. The maternal origin of the death, the obstetrical origin of maternal deaths and their essential cause have been independently attributed by two obstetricians and a medical epidemiologist. Maternal mortality measures were based on 87 maternal deaths in Niakhar, 33 in Bandafassi and 10 in Mlomp. A case-control study in Niakhar allowed to identify certain risk factors. Results : Almost a third of the deaths of the women in reproductive age was linked to a maternal cause. The maternal mortality ratio reached 852 deaths for 100,000 live births in Bandafassi, 516 in Niakhar and 436 in Mlomp. Almost two-thirds were directly related to pregnancy or delivery (direct obsteric deaths) and 10 % were indirect obstetric deaths. Haemorrhage was the leading cause of direct deaths and abortion the last frequent cause. A Young or old age, more than six pregnancies, history of abortion or still birth, delivery in a health facility and during the rainy season were identified as risk factors. Matrimonial status and antenatal care were not associated with maternal death. Conclusion : Maternal mortality remains high, although lower than WHO estimates for Senegal. The five main causes of maternal death were found. The role of malaria in maternal mortality should be more deeply investigated, particularly its role in eclampsia. The feasibility of confidential enquiries on maternal deaths has been demonstrated in Senegal
Pavard, Samuel. "Investissement maternel et survie de l'enfant : approche démographique, génétique et évolutive." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0031.
Full textIn Humans, children need maternal post-natal care in order to survive. This thesis which lies between demographical and human ecological fields has two main purposes: (i) following a demographical approach, to measure the effect of the loss maternal investment (MI) following the death of the mother on child's mortality and (ii) to built a mathematical model in order to integrate this measure at the level of the mother's reproductive history in the purpose to study the effect of MI on population dynamic, genetics and evolution. Using this model, the MI's effect is studied following to distinct approach: An epidemiological-genetically approach shows that the counter-selection on alleles involved in familial diseases with a late and uncompleted penetrance is far to be negligible (even at the end of the reproductive life and beyond). An evolutionary approach (elasticity analysis on lambda) shows that most of life history traits that characterize our species emerge from our analysis
Abrial, Aude. "Analyse qualitative des décès néonataux en Guadeloupe : sur une période de 18 mois: du 1er janvier 2006 au 30 juin 2007." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0174.
Full textThe aim of this study was to assess neonatal mortality over the period January 2006 to July 2007 in Guadeloupe (FWI) Methods : detailled analyses of neonatal mortality patterns and maternai characteristics based on variables etablished in international reports and approuved by local obstetric and pediatrie staff were conducted. Results : despite continuous lowering, the neonatal mortality remains above the published metropolitain french contry rates. Stillbirths account for 85,7 % of neonatal mortality. The leading causes of neonatal and post neonatal mortality were : prématurity (86,4 %), congenital abnormalies (6,8 %) and birth asphyxia (5,1 %). Conclusion: this data provides important insights in perinatal policy and management targering reduction in perinatal and neonatal mortality
Kante, Almamy Malick. "Santé et mortalité des mères et des enfants à Bandafassi, Sénégal : niveaux, tendances et influence du recours aux soins." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010622.
Full textGenest, Sophie-Emmanuelle. "Conséquence de la séparation maternelle néonatale sur le développement du système de contrôle respiratoire : étude des chémoréflexes et de la neurotransmission GABAergique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24411/24411.pdf.
Full textChasles, Virginie. "Entre genre et société : les espaces de la maternité en Inde rurale : le cas du district d'Anantapur dans l'état sud-indien de l'Andhra Pradesh." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL504.
Full textOne of the numerous materialities of indian women' low status consists in unbalance between the number of men and women. The main cause of that fact is the high mortality of girls, due to the large preference for boys. Then, since some years, spread of female foeticides contributes certainly to the decline of women population. Finally, a large number of female mortality cases is directly imputable to motherhood. Indeed, in spite of real improvements, maternal mortality in India is one of the highest over the world. So, it seems useful to measure the medicalisation of pregnancy and, more particularly, to study health mobilities during that time. For this problematic, some topics such as the social meaning of gender, health services, the symbolic of space or cultural representations of motherhood, appear like major factors of understanding
Voillet, Valentin. "Approche intégrative du développement musculaire afin de décrire le processus de maturation en lien avec la survie néonatale." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0067/document.
Full textOver the last decades, some omics data integration studies have been developed to participate in the detailed description of complex traits with socio-economic interests. In this context, the aim of the thesis is to combine different heterogeneous omics data to better describe and understand the last third of gestation in pigs, period influencing the piglet mortality at birth. In the thesis, we better defined the molecular and cellular basis underlying the end of gestation, with a focus on the skeletal muscle. This tissue is specially involved in the efficiency of several physiological functions, such as thermoregulation and motor functions. According to the experimental design, tissues were collected at two days of gestation (90 or 110 days of gestation) from four fetal genotypes. These genotypes consisted in two extreme breeds for mortality at birth (Meishan and Large White) and two reciprocal crosses. Through statistical and computational analyses (descriptive analyses, network inference, clustering and biological data integration), we highlighted some biological mechanisms regulating the maturation process in pigs, but also in other livestock species (cattle and sheep). Some genes and proteins were identified as being highly involved in the muscle energy metabolism. Piglets with a muscular metabolism immaturity would be associated with a higher risk of mortality at birth. A second aspect of the thesis was the imputation of missing individual row values in the multidimensional statistical method framework, such as the multiple factor analysis (MFA). In our context, MFA was particularly interesting in integrating data coming from the same individuals on different tissues (two or more). To avoid missing individual row values, we developed a method, called MI-MFA (multiple imputation - MFA), allowing the estimation of the MFA components for these missing individuals
El, Ayoubi Mayass. "Le retard de croissance intra-utérin et la grande prématurité : impact sur la mortalité et les morbidités à court et à moyen terme." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB139/document.
Full textBackground: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to the inability of the fetus to achieve its genetically determined growth potential due to various causes. Most often, it is defined by a birth weight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age using neonatal growth curves. This thesis aims to answer unresolved questions about the definition and consequences of IUGR in the context of very preterm birth: (1) what is the best definition of IUGR for identifying children at risk? (2) What are the risks of mortality and neonatal respiratory and neurological morbidity associated with IUGR and are there interactions with the underlying pregnancy complications responsible for the very preterm birth? (3) What is the impact of IUGR on neurodevelopmental at 2 years, especially for children born extremely preterm ? Methods: We used two data sources. The MOSAIC study (Models for Organising Access to Intensive Care for Very Preterm Babies in Europe) is a European population-based study that included all births occurring between 22 and 31 weeks of gestation in 2003 in ten European regions. The children were followed until hospital discharge (study population = 4525 infants). The second source is a cohort of children born before 27 weeks of GA who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit at the Port Royal Hospital from 1999 to 2008 and had a pediatric examination and Brunet-Lézine (BL) neurodevelopmental assessment at 2 years of corrected age (445 children in the cohort, 268children followed at 2 years). The BL assessment includes four areas of child development: gross motor, fine motor, language and social interaction skills. Results: In both populations, the risk of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were higher for children with a birth weight <10th percentile of neonatal growth curves but also for children with a higher birth weight (between the 10th and the 24th percentile of neonatal growth curves or <10th percentile of fetal growth curves). In contrast, there was no link between neurological complications and low birth weight and no interactions with pregnancy complications. IUGR was associated with neurocognitive delay among extremely preterm children evaluated at two years of corrected age, especially for fine motor and social interaction skills, but not for language and gross motor skills. We did not find any association between IUGR and the risk of cerebral palsy at two years of corrected age. Conclusions: The use of the 10th percentile of neonatal growth curves is not suitable for identifying the impact of IUGR in very preterm infants; using higher thresholds or fetal growth curves is necessary. IUGR increased the risks of mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but was not associated with severe brain damage; these associations are observed in multiple clinical contexts (vascular and infectious pregnancy complications, and births at very early gestational ages). IUGR is a risk factor for poor medium-term neuro-development. Our results raise new questions about the appropriate surveillance for children with IUGR after discharge from the hospital and also about possible biological mechanisms that could explain the relationship between IUGR and respiratory morbidity and neurocognitive development
Diguisto, Caroline. "Prise en charge anténatale et conséquences néonatales chez les enfants nés extrêmes prématurés en France Providing active antenatal care depends on the place of birth for extremely preterm births: the EPIPAGE 2 cohort study Neonatal outcomes in extremely preterm newborns admitted to intensive care after no active antenatal management: a population-based cohort study." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB001.
Full textSurvival rates of extremely preterm neonates, infants born between 22 and 26 Weeks of Gestation (WG), are lower in France than in England, Sweden, the United States or Japan. This may be related to differences in the management of extreme preterm births and in particular to differences in antenatal practices. In the case of preterm births, obstetricians are the first to meet the mothers-to-be. They decide whether or not to implement antenatal measures to improve outcomes of these unborn children: corticosteroids, caesarean sections or magnesium sulphate for neuroprotective purposes. The provision of optimal antenatal care is key to the management and survival of extremely preterm births and obstetrical teams thus play a major role. Factors associated with active antenatal care have never been studied. The first objective of our work was to identify, for extreme preterm births in France, individual or organisational determinants associated with active antenatal care. Gestational age is a well-known decision-making factor, but care could also depend on individual factors related to women or their pregnancy, practitioners or maternity units. Some extremely preterm neonates are born without having received active antenatal care. For newborns who have not received such treatment, the risk of peripartum and delivery room death is high. However some extremely preterm neonates for whom active antenatal was either voluntarily withheld or not provided because of insufficient time are resuscitated and admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Neonatal outcomes for these children raise medical and ethical difficulties and are poorly known. Our second objective was to study neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm neonates admitted to NICU without prior active antenatal care. Data from the EPIPAGE 2 cohort were used to answer these questions. We have shown that antenatal management for extreme preterm births varies widely between regions with regional active antenatal care rates ranging from 22% (95% CI 0.05-0.38) to 61% (95% CI 0.44-0.78). Active antenatal care was more frequent for births occurring at 25 and 26 WG than for births occurring at 24 WG. Even after adjusting for individual and organisational characteristics, active antenatal care rates varied by maternity unit of birth (p = 0.03). We also underlined that children admitted to NICU without having received active antenatal care have an increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality compared to children who have (crude OR of 2.60, (95% CI 1.44-4.66), adjusted OR of 1.86, (95% CI 1.09-3.20)). Differences in antenatal management between maternity units raise the issue of equality of care, especially since these practices have an impact on neonatal outcomes. These findings have led French teams to reassess the decision-making process around extreme preterm births and to the elaboration of guidelines for the management of extreme preterm births
Bonnet, Marie Pierre. "Hémorragie du postpartum : profil épidémiologique et évaluation des pratiques d'anesthésie-réanimation en France." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978795.
Full textKoura, Kobto Ghislain. "Conséquences de l'anémie maternelle sur le jeune enfant de la naissance à 18 mois de vie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831600.
Full textRousseau, Anne. "L'hémorragie du post-partum immédiat sévère : étude des variations de pratique de prise en charge. Analyse des déterminants organisationnels et personnels." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC017.
Full textPostpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) still represents the leading cause of maternai morbidity and mortality in France. The PPH worsening to severe PPH can be explained by different factors: factors related to women, pregnancy and childbirth and / or factors related to PPH management. The quality of this management cannot be evaluated independently of either the environment in which it is given or the characteristics of caregivers who provide them. Observational studies have partially assessed the potential determinants of the quality of care for PPH management. The objective of this PhD thesis was to develop and validate a methodology to study discrepancies with good practices and to assess determinants related to the organization of care and / or caregivers. At first, we developed and validated dynamic case-vignettes with several steps, as tool assessing quality of PPH management. Then we used these case-vignettes to study variations in PPH management among 450 French midwives. Adherence to guidelines was low for pharmacological management. Finally, we investigated staff and institutional factors associated with substandard care. We showed both staff — i. E. Age, experience, and level of risk taking - and institutional factors ¬mortality and morbidity reviews — may be associated with substandard eare in midwives' PPH management. Our method proves to be a relevant way to complete the observational studies on the subject
Jaillon, Sébastien. "Nouveaux sites d'expression et rôles fonctionnels de Pentracine 3, récepteur soluble de l'immunité innée." Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0064.
Full textImmune system is divided into innate and adaptative immunity. Receptors used by adaptative -- are specific for the pathogen recognition compared with these used by innate immunity called « Pattern Recognition Receptor" or PRR. PRR recognize highly conserved motifs expressed by micoorganisms and called "Pathogens Associated Molecular Patterns" or PAMP. Based on their localisation, PRR are sub-divided into two groups (i) cell-associated PRR (e. G. Endocytic PRR and signaling PRR) and (ii) soluble PRR which recognize and facilitate the clearence of microorganisms (rot self) and apoptotic cells (altered self). Belonging to the soluble PRR family, pentraxins are divided in two sub-families based on their primary structure: the short pentraxin (acute phase proteins C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Serum Amyloid-P (SAP)) and the long pentraxins which peantraxin 3 (PTX3) is the prototypic member. PTX3 binds numerous pathogens (e. G. A. Fumigatus, P. Aeruginosa) and is involved in the protection against these microorganisms and in the control of inflammation. We showed that neutrophils, the first cells recruited at the infection sites, contain a preformed stock of PTX3 ready for rapid release upon stimulation with microorganisms or TLR agonists. PTX3 is also found in the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NET) generated upon neutrophil stimulation. Moreover, neutrophil-associared-PTX3 is required for the in vivo control of A. Fumigatus infection. We have also demonstrated that PTX3 relocalizes at the membrane of apoptotic neutrophils independently of their degranulation. Blocking PTX3 inhibits the recognition of apoptotic neutrophils by phagocytes. While soluble PTX3 binds apoptotic neutrophils and inhibits their clearence by macrophages, membrane relocalisation of endogenous PTX3 may participate to the resolution of inflammation. Finally, we showed the presence ot PTX3 in human colostrum independently of an increased of systemic concentration. A deficit in PTX3 production by neonate cells could be filled by milk suckling. Collectively, these data provide original informations on the regulation of PTX3 production in the early phase of inflammation and extend its role in the resolution of inflammation and in neonate immunity
Tomasso, Flora. "Santé des villes, santé des champs : le cas de la reproduction dans le département de Saint-Louis au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983107.
Full textRichard, Fabienne. "La césarienne de qualité au Burkina Faso: comment penser et agir au delà de l'acte technique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209716.
Full textL’objectif de notre thèse est de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des déterminants d’une césarienne de qualité et de montrer comment en situation réelle (cas d’un district urbain au Burkina Faso) on peut agir sur ces déterminants pour améliorer la qualité des césariennes.
Dans le cadre d’un projet multidisciplinaire (santé publique, mobilisation politique et sociale, anthropologie) d’Amélioration de la QUalité et de l’Accès aux Soins Obstétricaux d’Urgence - le projet AQUASOU (2003-2006) - nous avons pu mettre en œuvre des activités visant à améliorer l’accès à une césarienne de qualité dans le district du Secteur 30) à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Nous avons mené une étude Avant-Après et utilisé des méthodes d’évaluation mixtes quantitatives et qualitatives pour comprendre dans quelle mesure et comment ce type d’approche globale améliore la qualité de la césarienne. Nous avons utilisé le cadre d’analyse de Dujardin et Delvaux (1998) qui présente les différents déterminants de la césarienne pour organiser et structurer nos résultats. Cette expérience s’étant déroulée dans le cadre d’un projet pilote nous avons également évalué le degré de pérennité du projet AQUASOU quatre ans après sa clôture officielle et analysé sa diffusion au niveau région et national.
Le cadre d’analyse de la césarienne de qualité avec ses quatre piliers (Accès, Diagnostic, Procédure, Soins postopératoires) a permis d’aller au-delà de la simple évaluation de la qualité technique de l’acte césarienne. Il a structuré l’analyse des différentes barrières à l’accès à la césarienne comme par exemple l’acceptabilité des services par la population et le coût de la prise en charge.
L’analyse des discours des femmes césarisées a mis en lumière le sentiment de culpabilité des femmes d’avoir eu une césarienne - ne pas avoir été « une bonne mère » capable d’accoucher normalement. Les questionnements sur la récurrence de la césarienne pour les prochaines grossesses, les dépenses élevées à la charge du ménage, la fatigue physique et les complications médicales possibles après l’opération mettent la femme dans une situation de vulnérabilités plurielles au sein de son couple et de sa famille.
L’évaluation du système de partage des coûts pour les urgences obstétricales mis en place en 2005 dans le district du Secteur 30 a montré qu’il était possible de mobiliser les collectivités locales de la ville et des communes rurales pour la santé des femmes. La levée des barrières financières a pu bénéficier à la fois aux femmes du milieu urbain et rural mais l’écart d’utilisation des services entre le milieu de résidence n’a pas été comblé et cela confirme l’importance des barrières géographiques (distance, route impraticable pendant la saison des pluies, manque de moyen de transport) et socioculturelles.
L’étude sur le rôle des audits cliniques ou revues de cas dans l’amélioration de la qualité des soins a montré que les soignants avaient une bonne connaissance du but de l'audit et qu’ils classaient l'audit comme le premier facteur de changement dans leur pratique, comparé aux staffs matinaux, aux formations et aux guides cliniques. Cependant, l’institutionnalisation des audits se révèle difficile dans un contexte de manque de ressources qui affecte les conditions de travail et dans un environnement peu favorable à la remise en question de sa pratique professionnelle.
L’évaluation de la pérennité du projet pilote quatre ans après la fin du soutien financier et technique montre que les bénéfices pour la population sont toujours là en terme d’accessibilité à la césarienne :coûts directs pour les ménages de 5000 FCFA (US $ 9.8), qualité des soins maintenue avec une diminution de la mortalité périnatale précoce pour les accouchements par césarienne de 3,6% en 2004 à 1,8% en 2008.
\
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Aubert, Plard Amélie. "Regards croisés sur l’expérience prénatale : anthropologie de la santé reproductive et de l’action publique à El Alto (Bolivie)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100143.
Full textDespite many changes in the health sector during the three past decades, maternal mortality is still presented as "a public health issue" by the Bolivian government. The institutional mechanisms (free care, interculturalism, cash transfers) set up to attract pregnant and/or childbearing age women into public health facilities haven’t reached the expected results.From an ethnographic field survey carried out in the Andean city of El Alto for more than 19 months between 2013 and 2015, this thesis explores the reasons for this relative immobilism by confronting discourses, representations, and practices of the actors involved in the preconception period, the pregnancy and the childbirth. The analysis is developed upon the encounter of two viewpoints: on one side, the healthcare offer deployment, and, on the other, the women’s stories.After presenting the relational and organizational dimensions of the biomedical standards and their contradictions, it is, then, a matter of bringing to light the actors' games and stakes that emanate from the prenatal daily experience among the parturients: reproductive status, "problem" of adolescent pregnancy, family planning, abortion, body transformation, risk management, and choice of the place for childbirth. It is in the mirroring of these two approaches that the cluster of reasons contributing to explain the deadlocks of public health is revealed, as well as the entanglement of the social, cultural and political logics at work during the prenatal period in Bolivian urban context
Bouchghoul, Hanane. "Déterminants de l’hypoglycémie néonatale et maternelle chez les femmes ayant un diabète gestationnel traité par glyburide Hypoglycemia and glycemic control with glyburide in women with gestational diabetes and genetic variants of cytochrome P450 2C9 and/or OATP1B3 Transplacental transfer of glyburide in women with gestational diabetes and neonatal hypoglycemia risk Assessment of risk of hypoglycemia by anthropometric measurements in neonates of mothers with treated gestational diabetes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASR008.
Full textGestational diabetes (GD), whose prevalence in France was 10.8% in 2016, is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity. Currently, the reference treatment is insulin therapy. Glyburide is effective, particularly in achieving glycemic control, compared with insulin. However, according to some studies, it is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal hypoglycemia compared to insulin therapy.The main objective of this thesis was to better understand the determinants of maternal hypoglycemia and neonatal hypoglycemia based on ancillary and secondary analyses from the national randomized INDAO trial, published in 2018. The specific objectives were to investigate 1-the transplacental transfer of glyburide at delivery, 2-the association between neonatal anthropometric measures (weight-for-length ratio [WLR] and birth weight) and neonatal hypoglycemia in women receiving drug therapy for GD, 3-the association between maternal hypoglycemia and CYP2C9*2 reduced-function variants and CYP2C9*3 and OATP1B3*4 loss-of-function variants, and then in a second step to investigate the association between daily glyburide dose and carriers of loss-of-function and reduced-function variants.First, we showed that there was a placental transfer of glyburide with a fetal/maternal glyburide concentration ratio of 0.62 (95% CI 0.50-0.74). The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia increased significantly with increasing umbilical cord blood glyburide concentration, regardless of neonatal macrosomia. Second, we showed that the increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia was independently associated with extreme values of WLR, for a low WLR Z-score (less than -1.28) and a high WLR Z-score (greater than 1.28), regardless of maternal treatment. Finally, we found an increased rate of maternal hypoglycemia at the beginning of glyburide treatment in the variant group including carriers of the CYP2C9*3 and/or OATP1B*4 allele in a homozygous state, associated with a smaller glyburide dose increment and a lower glyburide dose reached at the end of treatment.This thesis work provides new insights into the mechanism of action of glyburide in pregnant women, allowing for better use in the treatment of GD. However, the potential long-term consequences for the child of prolonged in utero exposure to glyburide remain
Diongué, Birahime. "Les niveaux et les facteurs explicatifs de la santé au Sénégal de 1960 à 1982." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10018.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is first to study the health levels of Senegalese people and secondly to analyze the factors explaining their health standard. In the first part, we used the result indicators such as morbidity rates, based on the ministry of public health data only, since they are no epidemiologic surveys. The trends analysis indicated a strong prevalence of certain diseases, such as malaria, with nevertheless important disparity between the regions. However, despite the eradication of big endemics such as plague, small pox, sleeping disease, others diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis leprosy, sexually transmissible diseases, nutritional and diarrheal diseases, measles, whooping cough, consequences of abortions and deliveries, represent the most important plagues. But the morbidity data do not correspond to the Senegalese reality: in fact, the health infrastructures are almost exclusively settled in towns and consequently, they benefit only to urban population. Moreover, the attraction of traditional medicine is not to be neglected, but it is the opposite. All the reasons led us to believe that the morbidity is not really known and consequently that the indicator can not constitute a study base of the health (or levels) in Senegal. That is why we choose the mortality, which is a incontestable evidence and a more known indicator. We analyzed in a second part the health factors and, in order to so, we used 17 health and socio-economic variables supposed to explain the levels of infant mortality (explained variables). We went on with a differential econometric analysis, at first at the national level, then with a pooling-data analysis including only 6 regions and finally with a model applied to Dakar, then to Ngayokheme. The demographic variables, the availability of the coverage of beds, as much as the schooling rate have been the main explanatory factors of health status in the regions and in Dakar the income per capita did not reveal itself as a significate variable. But, in terms of personnel in Dakar the medical and paramedical (midwives) coverage have been significate variables, when at the region level, the population per nurse indicator only prove significate
Wogaing, Jeannette. "Maternité et décès maternels à Douala (Cameroun) : approche socioanthropologique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG041.
Full textBecoming a mother is the yearning of many women, even though in Douala, they continue to heavily pay with their very lives the act of childbirth. Paradoxically, the reality about what they go through while being pregnant, and the personnel assigned to manage them remains unrecognized or ignored by the general public. In order to understand this phenomenon, we carried out an enquiry based on observations and discussions with pregnant women, the medical/paramedical personnel, and the relatives of the parturient from March 2008 to December 2010, in five health institutions in the town of Douala. This research takes into account the various elements of discussion to rebuild the anthropological context generated by it, and of which it is also the product. It enables us to understand the contradiction between the valorisation of the parturient status, and the behavioural abnormalities during parturition. As a result, a concordance problem arises between the culturally marked attitudes, and the health norms. Though being vulnerable and aware of the conditions that favour a happy end of the pregnancy, the women still begin prenatal consultations late
Soubeiga, Dieudonné. "Facteurs organisationnels associés à l’éducation prénatale et impact sur l’accouchement assisté dans deux contextes à risques maternels et néonatals élevés au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6991.
Full textMaternal and neonatal mortality remain high in developing countries. The magnitude of these phenomena is related to a constellation of factors. But a significant proportion of adverse pregnancy and birth outcome, in poor area, are attributable to preventable and behaviourally modifiable causes. Prenatal educational interventions have been developed in order to address the factors affecting the demand for effective maternal and neonatal care. Educational strategies targeting pregnant women include individual counselling, group sessions, and the combination of both strategies. These strategies aim to improve knowledge on issues related to maternal and newborn health and to promote the appropriate use of skilled care and hygiene practices at home. The World Health Organization (WHO) released practice guidelines in developing countries related to maternal and neonatal care including birth preparedness, during routine prenatal visits. However, few data are available about the effectiveness and implementation of effective prenatal education in these countries. This thesis aims to understand the impact of prenatal education programs in two contexts in Burkina Faso where maternal and neonatal risk are high. Written in the form of articles, the thesis addresses three specific objectives namely to: 1) examine the efficacy of prenatal education programs to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries, 2) assess the association between different organizational factors and women’s exposure to birth preparedness messages during routine antenatal care, and 3) determine the impact of receiving birth preparedness advice on the likelihood of institutional delivery. For the first objective, a meta-analysis of data from randomized trials was conducted. To achieve the two other objectives, data from a retrospective cohort study were used. This observational study, designed specifically for the thesis, was conducted in two districts (Dori and Koupela) in Burkina Faso. The meta-analysis showed that educational interventions are associated with a 24% reduction in neonatal mortality. This reduction reached 30% in areas with very high neonatal mortality. In routine situations, organizational factors may limit or facilitate the transmission of educational advice to women using prenatal care. In Burkina Faso, the data indicate significant disparities between the two districts in the study. Women from Koupela district were significantly more exposed to advice than those from Dori. Beyond this regional disparity, two other organizational factors were strongly associated with exposure of women to birth preparedness counselling during routine prenatal visits. The first factor was the availability of print materials and aids (e.g., posters, pictures…), used by health professionals as communication support to provide prenatal clients with advice. The second factor was a lower volume of daily consultations (i.e., less than 20 consultations versus 20 or more) which meant lower workload for staff. Finally, advice received by women concerning signs of obstetric complications and costs of care were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of institutional deliveries but only in the district of Dori where the initial rate of institutional deliveries was relatively low. In conclusion, prenatal education is beneficial for maternal and newborn health. However, implementation and effect heterogeneities exist across contexts. Others experimental and observational studies are required to strengthen the evidence and more thoroughly investigate success factors in order to support policies. Future experiments should focus on maternal outcomes (i.e., skilled birth attendance, postpartum care, and maternal mortality). Prospective cohort studies with large and representative samples would allow for examination of events and exposures to interventions during pregnancy, childbirth, and post-partum.
Langlois, Étienne Vincent. "Déterminants et inégalités d’utilisation des services obstétricaux essentiels dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11805.
Full textBackground Each year, 289 000 women die from complications related to pregnancy, childbirth or the postnatal period, and 2.9 million newborns decease before reaching 28 days of life. The near totality (99%) of maternal and neonatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Utilization of essential obstetric care services including skilled birth attendance (SBA) and postnatal care (PNC) largely contributes to the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is a strong need to assess the determinants and inequalities in coverage of SBA and PNC services, to inform health policy planning. Objectives 1. Systematically assess the socioeconomic, geographic and demographic inequalities in PNC services utilization in LMICs. 2. Evaluate the effect of Burkina Faso’s 2007 user-fee subsidy policy on SBA rate across socioeconomic status (SES) strata. Methods 1. We conducted a systematic review of the association between PNC services utilization and key determinants, including a meta-analysis of PNC use across socioeconomic status quintiles, and place of residence (urban vs. rural). 2. We used a quasi-experimental design. The data sources were two representative surveys (n=1408 and n=1403) carried out in 2008 and 2010, respectively, of women from Houndé and Ziniaré health districts of Burkina Faso, and a survey of health centres assessing structural quality of care. Multilevel segmented Poisson regression models were used to assess the effect of subsidy on SBA rate. We estimated adjusted rate ratios and rate differences as a function of time and socioeconomic status level. Results 1. The pooled odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) estimates for highest SES women (quintile 5, Q5), Q4, Q3 and Q2 (reference: poorest quintile, Q1) were respectively: 2.27 (1.75 – 2.93); 1.60 (1.30-1.98); 1.32 (1.12-1.55); and 1.14 (0.96-1.34). Meta-analysis also showed a PNC utilization divide between urban and rural women: OR (95% CI) = 1.36 (1.01-1.81). Narrative assessment of studies identified a gradient in PNC coverage across education levels. 2. For low-SES women, immediately upon the introduction of the subsidy policy, the rate of SBA was 24% higher (95% CI: 4-46%) than expected in the absence of subsidy policy introduction. The magnitude of the apparent effect decreased over time, with the corresponding estimates (95% CI) being 22% (3-45%) at 6 months, 20% (1-43%) at 12 months, and 17% (-4-42%) at 24 months after the policy introduction. Furthermore, the magnitude of the association varied across SES strata, with the apparent effect being most pronounced in the low SES stratum. Conclusions 1. PNC utilization remains inequitable across socioeconomic status and geographic access to health facilities in LMICs. 2. Our study suggests that introduction of user fee subsidy in Burkina Faso resulted in sustained increase in the rate of SBA, especially among low-SES women. This evidence should inform maternal and child health programmes and guide health policies and health care systems in LMICs.
Moreira, Isabelle V. "Évaluation d'un programme alternatif de formation de médecins généralistes en Gynécologie et Obstétrique au Sénégal." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5884.
Full textIn order to reduce high level of maternal mortality rate estimated in 2005 at 401/100 000 live births, and following task shifting innovative strategies already initiated in the country to increase access to emergency obstetric care in Senegal, an alternative training program has been implemented for general medical doctors working in remote areas, to be effective obstetricians gynecologists. Adapted from the normal curriculum, this program combines distance learning using new information and communication technology, practical training in university facilities, coaching and mentoring by university teachers in learners’ heath centers, on line evaluations and also formal annual evaluations such as the normal program. The program has been implemented in two districts in Senegal by Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of Dakar University. This midterm evaluation analyzes the program implementation and effects using case study with qualitative and quantitative data. Results show a positive evolution of emergency obstetric care indicators compared with two control districts, an increased level of trainees’ knowledge and skills, and also satisfaction of trainees, trainers and beneficiaries. However, some weaknesses have been identified in the program implementation particularly regarding implementation of new training innovations, coordination and sustainability by Ministry of Health.
"Conséquence de la séparation maternelle néonatale sur le développement du système de contrôle respiratoire : étude des chémoréflexes et de la neurotransmission GABAergique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24411/24411.pdf.
Full textTurgeon, Benjamin. "Rôle physiologique de la MAP kinase atypique ERK3 : analyse génétique et étude de l'expression génique chez la souris." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15609.
Full textArsenault, Catherine. "Accès aux soins obstétricaux d’urgence au Mali : dépenses catastrophiques et conséquences au sein des ménages." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8789.
Full textAfter years of efforts, countries in sub-Saharan Africa have seen little to no improvement in their maternal health indicators. Ensuring access to emergency obstetric care (EmOC) for all women is a strategy proven to reduce maternal mortality. However, EmOC in sub-Saharan Africa can be extremely costly and can generate ‘’catastrophic’’ expenses. In order to reduce the economic burden of EmOC in Mali, user fees for caesareans were abolished and a maternity referral-system was created. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of and the factors associated with catastrophic EmOC expenditure in the region of Kayes, Mali. It also aims to identify the well-being consequences of high EmOC expenses. This study brings forth the following points. Firstly, the average EmOC expenditure was 71535 FCFA (US$ 152). Secondly, between 20.7% and 53.5% of households faced catastrophic expenditures greater than 15% and 5% of their annual income respectively. Women with no education, living in rural areas and with a postpartum infection had a higher propensity of catastrophic spending. Having a caesarean was not associated with a reduced risk of catastrophic expenditures despite the abolition of user fees for caesareans. Between 19.4% and 47.1% of households of maternal deaths also had catastrophic spending. Finally, households often had to borrow money and sell assets to pay for EmOC which led to considerable long-lasting financial difficulties. As long as policies fail to protect households from catastrophic EmOC expenditures, we cannot expect to see any great progress in reducing maternal mortality in Mali.