Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mosquits'
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Gouge, Dawn H., Shujuan Li, Kathleen Walker, Chris Sumner, Shaku Nair, and Carl Olson. "Mosquitoes: Biology and Integrated Mosquito Management." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625410.
Full textMosquitoes are the most important insect pests that affect the health and well-being of humans and domestic animals worldwide. They can cause a variety of health problems due to their ability to transfer (vector) viruses and other disease-causing pathogens, including in the arid Southwest U.S. This publication describes the mosquito life-cycle, introduces common pest mosquito species and the diseases associated with them. Mosquito management for residents is covered.
Núñez, García Ana Isabel. "Influence of mosquito-virus interaction on Zika virus and Rift Valley fever phlebovirus transmission." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670697.
Full textLas enfermedades transmitidas por vectores representan un alto porcentaje de las enfermedades infecciosas en el mundo. Concretamente, las enfermedades causadas por arbovirus (arthropod-borne viruses), que circulan en la naturaleza entre artrópodos (sus vectores), y los hospedadores vertebrados (sus reservorios), pueden causar enfermedades graves en los hospedadores vertebrados, pero no causan una patología significativa en los vectores. Durante décadas las enfermedades causadas por arbovirus fueron olvidadas, ya que en su gran mayoría estaban localizadas en zonas en vías de desarrollo. En la actualidad, factores ambientales, ecológicos y socioeconómicos, como el cambio climático y la globalización, han contribuido a la emergencia y reemergencia de las enfermedades arbovirales. El constante movimiento de personas y mercancías ha dado lugar a la colonización y establecimiento de especies de exóticas en nuestro país, como el mosquito tigre (Aedes albopictus), el cual es transmisor de muchos arbovirus (e.g. el virus del dengue, el virus Zika (ZIKV) o el virus chikungunya). El desarrollo de esta tesis se centró en realizar estudios de competencia vectorial para el ZIKV y en un estudio del transcriptoma de Culex pipiens después de ser expuesto al phlebovirus de la fiebre del Valle del Rift (RVFV) para comprender las interacciones el virus y los mosquitos locales. Los capítulos I y II se focalizaron en estimar la competencia vectorial para ZIKV de diferentes especies de mosquitos de campo presentes en nuestro país: Aedes albopictus, Aedes caspius y Culex pipiens. Además, se desarrollaron experimentos de transmisión vertical para determinar si la generación de mosquitos provenientes de hembras infectadas con el ZIKV es capaz de diseminarlo. Durante el desarrollo de estos estudios, se ha demostrado que los mosquitos locales de la especie Ae. albopictus son vectores competentes para el ZIKV. Sin embargo, las especies Cx. pipiens y Ae. caspius son refractarias para este arbovirus. Con respecto al experimento de transmisión vertical, se demostró que la progenie de las hembras inoculadas con el virus de forma intratorácica fue susceptible a la infección del virus, pero no fueron capaces de diseminarlo. Por otro lado, el capítulo III se centró en el estudio de las interacciones a nivel molecular entre la especie de mosquito Cx. pipiens y RVFV, con el objetivo caracterizar las alteraciones a nivel molecular de la expresión de los genes correspondientes al sistema inmune del mosquito durante la infección por RVFV mediante un análisis del transcriptoma de novo. Como resultado, se obtuvieron 48 genes diferencialmente expresados en los mosquitos ante la presencia del virus que servir de diana para controlar la infección, ya sea para desequilibrar la tolerancia de los mosquitos al virus como para inhibir la infección en los mosquitos. Los resultados obtenidos del estudio de las alteraciones del transcriptoma de mosquitos de la especie Cx. pipiens expuestos a RVFV sientan las bases para la realización de futuros estudios funcionales de los genes involucrados en controlar/permitir la infección por RVFV. En conjunto, el desarrollo de esta tesis incrementa el conocimiento para mejorar el diseño de estrategias eficientes para la vigilancia de vectores transmisores del ZIKV y del RVFV.
Vector-borne diseases represent a 17 % of infectious diseases in the world. Among them, those diseases caused by arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), which circulate in the nature between arthropods (their vectors) and vertebrate hosts (their reservoirs), are currently provoking serious diseases in humans and animals. For decades, the arboviral diseases were neglected, since most of them were located in developing areas. Nowadays, environmental, ecological and socioeconomic factors (e.g., globalization and climate change) have contributed to the emergence and re-emergence of arboviral diseases. The constant movement of people and merchandise has allowed the colonization and establishment of exotic mosquito species in our country such as the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), which is a potential vector of many arboviruses (e.g., dengue virus, Zika virus or chikungunya virus). This thesis focused on conducting vector competence and transmission studies in local mosquito species for Zika virus (ZIKV) and on the study of the Culex pipiens transcriptome alteration after being exposed to the Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) in order to better understand how virus-vector interaction influences on ZIKV and RVFV transmission. Chapters I and II focused on estimating the vector competence for ZIKV of different field-collected mosquito species present in our country: Aedes albopictus, Aedes caspius and Culex pipiens. In addition, vertical transmission studies were performed to determine if the progeny of females infected with ZIKV were able to disseminate the virus. The results of these studies showed that local populations of Ae. albopictus were competent vectors for ZIKV and Cx. pipiens and Ae. caspius species were refractory for this arbovirus. Moreover, it was demonstrated that ZIKV was able to be transmitted to the progeny but the later could not disseminate the virus. Chapter III focused on the study of interactions between the Cx. pipiens mosquito species and RVFV at molecular level, with the aim to characterize the alterations in the expression of the mosquito genes related to the immune system during RVFV infection by analyzing de novo transcriptome. As a result, 48 immune differentially expressed genes in mosquitoes exposed to RVFV were altered, which could serve as potential targets to control the infection, either by unbalancing the mosquito tolerance to RVFV or by inhibiting the infection in mosquitoes. The results obtained on the Cx. pipiens transcriptome alterations due to exposure to RVFV pave the way for future functional studies about genes involved in the control/tolerance of RVFV infection. Overall, this thesis increased the knowledge to better design efficient strategies for ZIKV and RVFV surveillance and control.
Pagès, Martínez Nonito. "Mosquits del gènere Culicoides: caracterització genotípica de potencials vectors de la Llengua Blava a Catalunya i desenvolupament de noves eines diagnòstiques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32104.
Full textBiting midges of the genus Culicoides act as vectors for important diseases affecting humans and both wild and domestic animals. In the last decade these midges have played an important role in the epidemiology of the major bluetongue epizootics ever recorded in Europe, forcing several EU countries to perform a mass vaccination campaign for domestic ruminants to avoid the devastating consequences that this disease (being its declaration mandatory for OIE) is able to cause. Recently, some species of Culicoides midges belonging to the subgenus Avaritia and Culicoides have been described as potential vectors for Bluetongue disease. Within both subgenera there are groups or complexes of species which are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Obviously, a correct and precise identification of arthropod vectors is essential for the surveillance and control of arthropod borne diseases, as important differences in the vectorial capacity of these species can be detected, even between closely related species. For this reason, the first part of the dissertation focussed on the detection of cryptic species within the subgenus Avaritia and Culicoides, identifying those species already described as other new species with no previous description. Finally the number of species forming each of the groups in Catalonia was studied. A total of four groups with cryptic species was detected, one in the subgenus Avaritia, named Obsoletus group, and three in the subgenus Culicoides, named Pulicaris, Fagineus and Newsteadi groups. Then, several morphological characters already described and currently in use for diagnostic purposes were assessed for their validity to identify the species present within those groups of cryptic species detected in both subgenera. The results obtained for morphological characters were compared with molecular results obtained by sequencing a region in the mitochondrial DNA, the subunit I of the gene cytochrome oxidase (COI). Within both subgenera, it was possible to detect some of the characters widely used for routine Culicoides species identification were not valid diagnostic characters in fact, as they were just not diagnostic or they did not have the necessary resolution level to detect and distinguish individual species within certain groups of species. Thus, a group of oligonucleotides with diagnostic purposes were designed and validated through a battery of single PCRs. These oligonucleotides can be used to properly detect and identify each of the thirteen species of Culicoides which were part of the detected groups of cryptic species. Finally, to facilitate the laboratorial diagnostic assay, different types of PCR were designed and validated, one tube heminested PCR and three multiplex PCRs. Each of these diagnostic PCR assays allowed to identify, in an individual PCR reaction, all the species detected within a specific group previously classified as cryptic species.
Mabunda, Samuel José Alvés. "Epidemiology and the Burden of malaria in Mozambique, The." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2849.
Full textLimited resources and socio-economic instability constitute the major factors impeding efficient malaria control activities.
The worldwide malaria eradication programme carried out during the 1950's focused mainly on insecticide residual spraying with DDT, anti-malarial drug treatment, and surveillance.
Regional eradication of the disease was achieved, nevertheless, in many endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa excluded from the eradication campaign, the disease is still afflicting their inhabitants.
The malaria disease burden estimation in tropical Africa relies on mortality and morbidity data collected by the health system information.
Conservative estimates of the burden of disease claim for more than 300 million clinical episodes and 1 - 3 million deaths every year and young children harbour the largest and most important portion of this bulk.
Currently, the situation is deteriorating, increasing malaria-related morbidity and mortality have been reported. The rapid development and widespread of parasites strains resistant to almost all anti-malarial drugs, and vector resistance are the major contributing factors.
In addition, global climate change is affecting the health of human populations, including changes in the transmission and seasonality of vector-borne diseases. The range of factors affecting transmission and distribution of vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria, include those related to temperature, humidity and precipitation.
In Mozambique, malaria is endemic throughout the country, due to a multitude of factors such as climatic/environmental (favourable temperatures and rain patterns, abundant breeding sites) and socio-economical (poverty related improper housing/shelter, unaffordable preventive means). Transmission is perennial, with peaks during and after rainy seasons. The intensities of transmission may vary depending on the amount of rain and air temperature. However, at present there is a lack of good quality and updated information on the endemicity levels in the country.
The country-wide malaria survey carried out between 2002 and 2003 aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of Plasmodium infections, the prevalence and the severity of anaemia in children under 10 years of age and in pregnant women across different ecological settings, in order to characterize the malaria transmission intensities and to estimate the disease burden in Mozambique.
The last comprehensive malaria survey in the country was carried out in 1952. For that reason, this survey was an unique opportunity to perform a sound methodological assessment of the current epidemiological malaria situation in the country.
Based on altitude and on geographical region differences samples were collected from stratified areas distinguished as coastal, plateau and highland strata, in the northern, centre-northern, central and southern regions. For sampling at community level, in each of those stratified areas, a modified cluster sampling method with 30 clusters, used by WHO for evaluation of coverage of the Expanded Programme of Immunization was adopted.
The study consisted of house-to-house survey, in 24 districts randomly selected. A total of 12,002 subjects including children less than ten years of age and pregnant women were enrolled. The malariometric survey consisted of finger pricking and blood collection to prepare thick and thin film for malaria parasite species identification, and respective density and determination of haemoglobin concentration. Measurement of axillary temperature and in those with fever a rapid enzyme test for malaria diagnosis was performed.
The entomologic survey consisted of pyrethrum spray knock down mosquito collections. In total 6,557 female anopheline mosquitoes caught in 1,440 dwellings, were analysed for sporozoite infection using PCR techniques and the entomological inoculation rates were determined for each strata across regions.
La malaria se encuentra preferentemente en las regiones tropicales del mundo, siendo África sub-sahariana el área con más afectación. La gran eficiencia de los mosquitos vectores Anopheles gambiae complex y Anopheles funestus favorece una gran transmisión del Plasmodium falciparum, el parásito más predominante y más maligno de las especies causante de malaria. Las condiciones ambientales locales son apropiadas y a menudo la transmisión se da a lo largo todo el año.
Los recursos limitados y la inestabilidad socio-económica constituyen los principales factores que impiden la total eficacia de las estrategias de control de la malaria.
El programa de erradicación mundial de la malaria se se llevó a cabo durante los años 50 focalizándose básicamente en la fumigación con DDT, el tratamiento con fármacos anti-maláricos y la vigilancia.
La erradicación regional de la enfermedad se conseguió en muchas regiones endémicas del África sub-sahariana, no obstante en zonas excluidas de la campaña de erradicación, la enfermedad continua afectando a sus habitantes.
La estimación de la carga de enfermedad por malaria en el África tropical se obtiene de los datos de mortalidad y morbilidad recogidos por el sistema de informació de la salud.
Los datos conservadores estiman que la carga de esta enfermedad causa más de 300 millones de episodios clínicos y entre 1 - 3 millones de muertes cada año, siendo los niños los más afectados.
En la actualidad, la situación se esta deteriorando, observándose un incremento de la morbilidad y mortalidad por malaria. El rápido desarrollo, la propagación de cepas del parásito resistentes ante todos los fármacos anti-maláricos y la presencia de vectores resistentes son los factores que más han contribuido a este incremento.
A demás, el cambio climático global está afectando la salud de las poblaciones, incluyendo cambios en la transmision y estacionalidad de las enfermedades mediadas por vectores. Los factores que afectan la transmisión y la distribución de este tipo de enfermedades, particularmente la malaria, incluyen los relacionados con la temperatura, la humedad y las precipitaciones.
En Mozambique, la malaria es una enfermedad endémica en todo el país, debido a la multitud de factores, como los climáticos/medioambientales (temperaturas favorables y patrones de precipitación, abundantes espacios para la reproducción) y socio-económicos (pobreza relacionada con vivienda inadecuada, medios preventivos inasequibles). La transmisión es perenne, con picos durante y después de la estación de lluvias. Las intensidades de transmisión pueden variar dependiento de la cantidad de precipitación y la temperatura en el ambiente. Sin embargo, actualmente, hay una falta de información actualizada y de calidad sobre los niveles de endemicidad del país.
El estudio llevado acabo por todo el país entre los años 2002 y 2003 tenía como objetivo determinar la prevalencia y la intensidad de las infecciones por Plasmodium, la prevalencia y la severidad de la malaria en niños menores de 10 años de edad y en mujeres embarazadas a través de diferentes nichos ecológicos, para poder caracterizar la intensidad de transmisión por malaria y estimar la carga de esta enfermedad en Mozambique.
El último estudio exahustivo de estas características en el país fue realizado en 1952. Por esta razón, este estudio era una oportunidad única para realizar un asesoramiento metodológico profundo de la situación epidemiológica actual de la malaria el país. Las muestras fueron recogidas basándose en la altitud y diferencias geográfica de cada región. Las areas estratificadas se clasificaron en: estrato costero, plateau y de montaña, y según la región en: norte, centro-norte, central y sur. Para el muestreo a nivel de comunidad, en cada una de esas áreas estratificadas, se utilizó un método por muestreo modificado por grupos con 30 grupos, ya usado por la OMS para la evalución de la cobertura del Programa Ampliado de Vacunación.
El estudio consisitió en visitar casa por casa en 24 distritos seleccionados aleatóriamente. Se incluyeron un total de 12,002 individuos, tanto niños menores de 10 años de edad como mujeres embarazadas. El estudio malariométrico consistió en recoger sangre por punción en el dedo para preparar una lámina delgada y otra gruesa para la identificación de la especie del parásito de la malaria y una estimación de la densidad, y para la determinación de la concentración de hemoglobina. Se tomó la tempreatura axilar y en presencia de fiebre se realizaba un test enzimático rápido para el diagnóstico de malaria.
El estudio entomológico consistió en la recogida de mosquitos rociados con piretrum. En total 6,557 mosquitos anófeles hembra de 1,440 viviendas fueron analizados para infeción de esporozoito usando técnicas de PCR, y la tasa de inoculación entomológica fue determinada para cada estrato a través de las diferentes regiones.
Evans, Peter J. "Community knowledge, attitudes and practices - urban mosquitoes and sustainable mosquito control." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241460.
Full textMagbity, Edward Brima. "Methods for entomological evaluation of treated bed nets." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324915.
Full textKesavaraju, Banugopan Juliano Steven A. "Behavioral interactions between predator and prey and their influence on an invasive species in container habitats." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390287471&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1202751489&clientId=43838.
Full textTitle from title page screen, viewed on February 11, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Steven A. Juliano (chair), Diane L. Byers, L. Philip Lounibos, Charles F. Thompson, William L. Perry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-163) and abstract. Also available in print.
Persson, Vinnersten Thomas. "Long Term Studies of Insect Abundances in Temporary Wetlands in Relation to Hydrology, Predation and Bti." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207841.
Full textHarbison, Justin Eric. "The evaluation of mosquito production and measures to minimize mosquitoes in stormwater treatment structures to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1872891741&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBandzuh, John Thomas IV. "Perceptions of measures to control Aedes mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Costa Rica." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81449.
Full textMaster of Science
Chaves, Leonardo Suveges Moreira. "Eficácia de três tipos de armadilhas para captura de culicídeos em área de Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-05102012-100202/.
Full textTraps are important appliance in entomological surveillance and control activities. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of traps containing Lurex3 in entomological research of mosquitoes in the Ribeira Valley. Objective: Compare the efficacy of traps, CDC light, CO2 plus lurex with CDC and Mosquito Magnet ® (MM) Independence with lurex ® to capture mosquitoes. Methods: defined three points near the forest, where the traps were installed, always at 15:00 pm and removed at 21:00 pm to relay daily for three consecutive days a month in one year. Jaccard and Sorensen indices indicated similarity between traps. To assess diversity employed Renyi profiles. Statistical analyses applied were: ANOVA with Fishers exact test, Tukey test and p value; Chi-square association test and linear regression. Results: The CDC light traps captured the lowest number of mosquitoes (1368), followed by the CDC + CO2 + lurex (2284) and the MM (5477). The Tukey test showed significant differences, indicating the trap MM superior when compared with CDC-light (p <0.01) and CDC-lurex-CO2 (p <0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between the total number of mosquitoes collected in CDC light-and CO2-CDC-lurex. The number of species caught in the trap MM (63 species) was higher than the CDC-light (p <0.001) and CDC-lurex-CO2 (p <0.03). There was a positive association (OR> 1) for the species Ae. scapularis, Anopheles bellator, Anopheles cruzii and Ps. ferox when using the CDC and MM-CO2-lurex, no association (OR = 1) for the species Ae. serratus and Cx nigripalpus. Conclusions: The efficacy of capture of MM was significantly higher compared to the other two. The association between anthropophilic species with epidemiological interest was higher in MM
Oda, Letícia Tiemi Egami. "Estudo da filogenia dos anofelinos brasileiros do subgênero Nyssorhynchus e padronização da amplificação dos genes do receptor do peptídeo sexual (SPR) e do peptídeo sexual (SP) /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110405.
Full textCoorientador: Diego Peres Alonso
Banca: Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
Banca: Celso Luis Marino
Resumo: A evolução da hematofagia em mosquitos é sem dúvida a adaptação mais importante desse grupo de inseto em termos dos patógenos transmitidos pelos vetores, causadores de diversas doenças importantes no mundo de hoje. Um equívoco comum que os mosquitos como um grupo são conhecidos taxonomicamente foi gerado, mas há muitas espécies para serem descobertas e classificadas. Os mosquitos da família Culicidae que possui como subfamília Anophelinae, formam um grupo diversificado, de origem monofilética, com distribuição global. Vale assinalar que apenas uma minoria das 3.200 espécies conhecidas atualmente são importantes vetores de patógenos para os seres humanos. Além de seu papel na transmissão de patógenos, os mosquitos têm muito a oferecer à ciência básica, por exemplo, como indicadores da biodiversidade, do grau de degradação do meio ambiente natural, das diversas formas de uso do solo e para estudos de evolução e de especiação. Os mosquitos possuem um peptídeo chamado Peptídeo Sexual que é expresso nas glândulas acessórias dos machos e inseminado nas fêmeas durante a cópula. A ligação deste peptídeo ao seu receptor encontrado nas fêmeas, desencadeia uma vasta resposta comportamental no inseto, que inclui a mudança de hábito alimentar, dando preferência a alimentos protéicos, a recusa de cópula com outros machos, a indução da oviposição dentre outras. Este projeto teve como objetivo o estudo deste peptídeo e seu respectivo receptor em diferentes anofelinos brasileiros visando gerar dados a respeito da filogenia e da caracterização de um possível marcador genético. Foram feitas extrações de DNA dos mosquitos, reações de PCR, sequenciamento, e análise das sequencias para foramação das árvores filogenéticas no programa Phylip pelas analyses de Máxima Verossimilhança, Neighbor-Joining e Parcimônia. As árvores geradas neste projeto foram comparadas com a árvore padrão do artigo de ...
Abstract: The evolution of mosquitoes hematophagy is undoubtedly the most important adaptation of this group of insect in terms of pathogens transmission, which cause various important diseases in the world nowadays. Thus, a common misconception that mosquitoes as a group are known taxonomically was generated, but there are many species to be discovered and classified. The mosquitoes of Culicidae Family which has Anophelinae as subfamily are a diverse group of monophyletic origin, with global distribution. It is noteworth that only a minority of the 3200 species known today, are important vectors of pathogens to humans. Besides the pathogens transmission, mosquitoes have much to offer to basic science, for example, as biodiversity indicators, indicating also the degradation degree of the natural environment, the various ways soil is explored and for studies of evolution and speciation. The mosquitoes have a peptide called Sex Peptide which is expressed in accessory glands of males and is inseminated in females during copulation. The binding of this peptide to its receptor triggers a major behavioral response in the insects, which includes changes in eating habits, giving preference to protein, the refusal of mating with other males, induction of oviposition, among others. This project aims the study of this peptide and its corresponding receptor in different brasilian anophelines in order to generate data about phylogeny and characterization of a possible genetic marker. DNA extraction were made, PRC reaction, sequencing, and sequence analysis for tree generation in the program Phylip whith the anylisis of Maximum Likelihood,Neighbor- Joining and Parsimony.The generated tree was compared whith a standard tree of Foste et al (2013) which used three diferent genes COI, CAD e white gene. We didn't get successful whith SPR tree, but, with SP the classification of the tree were almost the same of Foster et al (2013). Another tree was generated whith ...
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Ioshino, Rafaella Sayuri. "Mecanismo da redução de fertilidade em Aedes aegypti infectados por Plasmodium gallinaceum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-08102013-085809/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that the fertility reduction in Plasmodium gallinaceum-infected Aedes aegypti occurs by follicular cells death. A significant reduction in the number of eggs laid by infected mosquitoes was confirmed. It was observed a reduction of viable cells in 18, 22 and 24 hours PBM infected by MTT assay. It was not possible to observe cell death in ovary tissue 18 hours PBM infected, but the follicular cells showed orange color 22 and 24 hours indicating they are in death in relation to the same interval of PBM control. To determine if these cells exhibit apoptosis, we use the TUNEL which mark the fragmented DNA, a characteristic of the apoptosis process. Ovaries 22 and 24 hours PBM infected and control were negative for TUNEL marker from ovary histological preparations. Thus, we conclude that fecundity reduction occurs as a response to follicular cells death caused by P. gallinaceum infection but it was not possible to affirm if the type of follicular cells death is apoptosis.
Sugimoto, Renato Sinnhofer. "Variações da fauna de mosquitos (Díptera:Culicidae) em área de implantação de uma hidrelétrica no rio Paranapanema, SP/PR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-18112010-201153/.
Full textIf the hydroelectric power plants supply the needs of the country, they are also responsible for the proliferation of diseases whose pathogens are transferred, in most of time, by mosquitoes that using the flooded areas such as breeding. It can be observed this scenario in the HPP of Ourinhos, which is located on the Paranapanema river between the cities of Ourinhos, SP, and Jacarezinho, PR, where three stations were established to collect used for assessing the diversity of populations in the pre and post flooding of the reservoir from the data collected described the changes occurring in the population of Culicidae of Ourinhos HPP, before the impacts of flooding and it was estimated richness, dominance, and diversity, standardized index of abundance of species and similarity. Where to catch the adult was used the Shannons trap and vacuum, and for the immature forms \"entomological ladle\" in collections of stagnant water. Among the species of epidemiological importance have collected and identified: Aedes albopictus, Aedes scapularis, Anopheles albitarsis s.l, Anopheles darlingi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex nigripalpus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Psorophora ferox. It is reducing the number of species in the period after filling, together with the recolonization of the niche for new species or rare species before, as exemplified by the emergence of Anopheles(Nys.) darlingi and Anopheles albitarsis s.l rise of species, as primary and secondary vectors malaria in Brazil, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that the lake formed by the dam of Ourinhos changed the diversity of the mosquitoes in site, which may represent less contact with the blood of people around the newly formed lake
Kavanaugh, Michael David. "Influence of stormwater drainage facilities on mosquito communities within the city of Denton, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9765/.
Full textNouiouar, Youssef. "La problématique de la gestion du culte musulman en france." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30018.
Full text“The Muslim issue” stands in the very centre of the public debate in France. Studies andexpert reports are more and more numerous as a response to the academic interest and politicaldemand.It is to be noted that this issue is often studiedin relation to a given social or political reality,namely the surroundings areas of the Islamic creed, the status of women within the Muslim Faith,secularism and Muslim Faith and the issue of religious freedom, religious extremism, how to be aMuslim in France…Few research works however have considered the managing issue of theMuslim Faith in France.Scanning the still ongoing secularisation process of the Muslim creed inFrance , our research work deals with and draws a distinction on two closely linked different trendsconcerning how the Muslim Faith is organised :a mobilisation “from the higher levels of theMuslim society” backed by political and security considerations in combination with a “lowerlevels” originated mobilisation of the Muslim leadership to respondto the needs for religious dutiesand the necessary cultural transmission towards the newer generations. The interactions at playwithin the Muslim cult places and the officials organising the Muslim creed in France , thecontestfor the leadership of the Muslim standing ,the patterns of organizing and gathering funds forthe mosques, the meaning given to their dealings by the Muslim leaders , those are the manyquestions purporting to our attempt at decoding the situation. Thus the gist of our study focusesupon some topical issues concerning namely§ Muslim ranking officials and the different faces of the imam profession in France.§ the managing of the mosques and Muslim cultural associations as they are a meeting pointof the Muslims’ interests and the active political players’.§ finally the part played by the French State and the states subject to Muslim immigration inthis managing.The research spectrum is widespread and deals with several incidental issues, each of thesecould valuably lead to separate studies. We are facing a vast project which implies the engagementof several human and financial resources as well as the involvement of several research units for along duration.We are deeply aware that our study is an attempt to give a general view of the managingorganisation as regards the Muslim cult in France and the trends that are at play at the beginning ofthe 21st century
Marchi, Marco Jacometto. "Padronização de técnica para produção em massa de \'Culex quinquefasciatus\' (Diptera: Culicidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-26022014-100718/.
Full textObjective To establish a method for mass rearing of Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in laboratory, in order to provide subsidy to the population control of this species through the release of sterile males. Methods - A colony of Cx. quinquefasciatus was founded from immature collected in January 2013 in the Pinheiros River, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Adult mosquitoes had their dry weights measured and the development was evaluated as the time to reach pupae and adult phase. In the first experiment it was tested four different diets (fish food, dog food, a mix of 50 percent fish and 50 percent dog food or a mix of 33.33 percent fish 33.33 percent dog food and 33.33 percent milk powder) and three temperatures (27 ± 2°C, 23 ± 2°C and 20 ± 2°C). In the second experiment it was tested several conditions of food amounts (mg/day), larvae densities (ml of water/larva) and water column height that would generate high development rate, low immature mortality and high adult dry weight. Results - In the first experiment there was no statistically significant difference in the time for the development to pupae stage or in the total dry weight of adults among the four experimental diets. However, fish food provided less immature mortality. The highest temperature (27 ± 2°C) decreased the time of the immature life cycle, but generated adults with lower dry weights. In the second experiment, the condition 0.5 mg/larva, 5 ml/larva in 2.1 cm of water column and 27 ± 2°C offered good mass rearing and generated higher development rate, lower immature mortality and higher adult dry weights. Conclusion No ideal diet was defined for mass rearing in the parameters analyzed. The less expensive diet was the dog food, but this should be milled by hand or machine, which makes the fish food more practical in the production trays. This study suggested that the best condition for mass rearing of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes was 0.5 mg of daily fish food/larva, 5 ml/larva in 2.1 cm of water column and 27 ± 2°C. The study suggests that this technique can assist in population control of this species
Kojin, Bianca Burini. "Análise da expressão de regiões da proteína Circumsporozoíta de Plasmodium sp. em Aedes aegypti infectado por Plasmodium gallinaceum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-01022010-093039/.
Full textTransgenic mosquitoes that impair malaria transmission can be an alternative control but currently an effective line is not available. A better understanding of mosquito interaction with pathogens is very important to improve refractory transgene design. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has two conserved domains that could be involved in spz penetration into mosquito salivary glands. Our aim was to express peptides encompassing these conserved regions in the mosquito hemolymph using Sindbis virus transient expression system and transgenesis technology. If CSP is involved in this process these peptides will compete with sporozoites impairing its penetration. Five Sindbis virus and four transgenic lines were constructed and challenged with P. gallinaceum. Our results showed these peptides could not impair sporozoites penetration in salivary glands, mainly because the recombinant proteins could not be produced or detected. Improving transgene design using codon usage and other technologies will be essential for expressing foreign proteins in transgenic mosquitoes.
Mendes, Caroline Louise Garcia. "Caracterização expressional do gene lacase 2 em Aedes aegypti." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-14072017-144014/.
Full textLaccase 2 is a gene with major role in body cuticle tanning in insects and evidences suggest laccase 2 may play a role in egg chorion tanning in mosquitoes vectors of pathogens. When the expression of the gene is knocked down in adults of Aedes albopictus their females produce hyaline and inviable eggs. Theoretically, this gene would be a good candidate for manipulation in the context of biological control of vectors based on genetically modified organisms. In the present study, we characterized the expressional profile and enzymatic activity of laccase 2 during the development of Aedes aegypti. We also knocked down the gene in adult females hypothesizing that this could jeopardize egg chorion formation. The RT-PCR technique was not sensitive to detect laccase 2 amplification in larvae, however, we detected amplification in other life stages. Pupae and adults females after blood meal exhibited equivalent expressional profiles. Using the technique of enzymatic activity detection by fluorescence, it was possible to determine the laccase 2 enzymatic activity profile and the optimum pH in all stages of development. The highest activity peak was registered in adult females 32 hours after blood meal. The laccase 2 enzymatic activity was confirmed by chromatographic separation in the adults females 24 hours after blood meal sample. Both techniques (RT-PCR and enzymatic activity detection) point to a higher production of laccase 2 after blood meal in adult females, suggesting the importance of laccase 2 for egg development. For the knocking down experiments we synthesized double-stranded RNA of laccase 2 and protein MSP1 (negative control). Both double-stranded RNAs were injected at three concentrations, 20ng, 200ng and 1700ng, in three experimental groups of Ae. aegypti females. No significant morphological differences between eggs from females injected with laccase 2 and MSP1 double-stranded RNA were observed. Pigmentation of the eggs started 30 minutes after they were laid (experimental and control group). However, the pigmentation started slightly later in those eggs of experiment females injected with 200ng. This apparent developmental delay may be related to the silencing of laccase 2. The effect of insertion of double-stranded RNA of laccase 2 did not result in the same effect reported in the literature for Ae. albopictus. Even so, the results obtained in this study corroborate the hypothesis that laccase 2 plays a role in egg development in mosquitoes.
RABÊLO, Kaynara Cecília Nery. "Identificação de DNA humano encontrado em trato digestório de culicídeos hematófagos para fins forenses." Universidade federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16726.
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Insetos e outros artrópodes quando em locais de crime podem servir como vestígio criminal. O advento da genética forense pode auxiliar na obtenção do DNA humano a partir destes insetos, podendo relacionar o suspeito a cena do crime. Desta forma, esta pesquisa objetivou a obtenção e a comparação do perfil genético humano extraído de mosquitos hematófagos com diferentes metodologias para a extração de DNA, analisando os seguintes fatores: variação temporal para obtenção dos perfis genéticos após a hematofagia; a obtenção e a comparação dos perfis de DNA humano do sangue proveniente do trato digestivo dos mosquitos hematófagos com as amostras referências (saliva) de voluntários; influência da amônia, ácido lático e tipo sanguíneo, além da temperatura corporal dos voluntários e a relação na atratividade dos mosquitos e consequente obtenção do material genético; avaliou-se também a mistura de perfis genéticos provenientes de um único mosquito e o intervalo temporal após a hematofagia. Para a análise da comparação das extrações foi utilizado o kit DNA IQTM ,a resina Chelex® 100 e extração com NaOH; e para as outras variáveis em estudo utilizou-se somente o DNA IQTM. A quantificação foi realizada com o Quantifiler® Duo e a amplificação com o kit AMPFlSTR Identifiler® Plus® PCR, que analisou 15 loci STR e amelogenina. A quantificação para o estudo das misturas de DNA nos mosquitos foi realizada com PowerPlex 16HS System. Os dados foram analisados através do programa estatístico PATCAN v. 1.2 software e para a análise das misturas foi utilizado o programa DNA MIX v. 3.2 software. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do DNA IQTM foi melhor quando comparado a resina Chelex® 100, com obtenção de perfis viáveis em até 72h após a refeição sanguínea. Não foi obtido perfil de DNA quando utilizado NaOH. Os resultados demonstraram também uma confrontação positiva entre o sangue encontrado no trato digestivo dos mosquitos e o material genético cedido pelos voluntários, como amostra referência. As análises bioquímicas demonstraram que o tipo sanguíneo com maior número de obtenção de perfil genético foi o tipo O; além disso, foi constatado valores de normalidade para o exame de lactato, mas para a análise de amônia foi obtido DNA também com valores maiores que o padrão de referência para este tipo de exame, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Houve obtenção de DNA nas temperaturas corporais registradas entre 36ºC a 37º C. Foi observado também que mistura de DNAs humano pode ser detectado a partir de um único mosquito hematófago. Desta forma, os resultados demonstraram que os mosquitos hematófagos quando encontrados em cenas de crimes tem efetivo valor forense.
Insects and others arthropods can be used as traces when located in the crime scene. The advent of forensic genetic can assist in obtaining human DNA from these insects, relating the suspect to the crime scene. So, this research aimed the obtainment and the comparison of the human gene profile extracted for the hematophagous mosquitoes with different methodologies to the DNA extraction, analyzing the following factors: temporal variation to the obtainment of the genetic profile after the hematophagy; obtainment and comparison of the human gene profile from the hematophagous mosquitoes´ digestive tract with the volunteers´ samples (saliva); influence of ammonia, lactic acid and blood type, besides the volunteers’ body temperature and the relation on mosquitoes´ attractiveness and genetic material obtainment; the compound of the genetic profile from one mosquito and temporal intermission after hematophagy was also evaluated. DNA IQTM, resin Chelex® 100 and extraction with NaOH was used to the analyses of the extract comparison. The quantification was held with Quantifiler® Duo and the amplification with AMPFlSTR Identifiler® Plus® PCR kit, that analyzed 15 loci STR and amelogenin. The quantification to study the compound of DNA in the mosquitoes was held with PowerPlex 16HS System. Data were analyzed through statistic program PATCAN v. 1.2 software and to analyze the profiles mixtures DNA MIX v. 3.2 software program was used. The results showed that the use of DNA IQTM was typical when compared with Chelex® 100, and success in gene amplification with obtainment of viable profiles up to 72 hours after blood meal. DNA profile was not obtained when used NaOH. The results also showed a positive confrontation between blood found in the mosquitoes´ digestive tract and the material assigned by the volunteers, with reference sample. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the blood type with bigger obtainment number obtained profile gene was type O; besides that the human DNA profiles were achieved from hematophagous mosquitoes when compared with the correspondent biochemical analysis of the volunteer found normal values to lactate exam, but to ammonia analysis was obtained DNA with higher values than the reference standard to this type of exam, in both gender. There was DNA obtainment from body temperatures registered between 36°C to 37°C. It was also observed that human DNA compound can detected through a only single hematophagous mosquito. With that the results showed hematophagous mosquitoes when found in the crime scene have effective forensic value.
Dilling, Sarah Courtney. "Evaluation of mosquito trapping efficiency and determination of seasonality for mosquitoes at the University of Florida horse teaching unit." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008974.
Full textCardoso, Jáder da Cruz. "Vigilância entomológica de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) como estratégia de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-14052010-085448/.
Full textIntroduction: The study of insects, due to the damage or benefit they give to humans, is an object of applied entomology. In Brazil, the incorporation of entomology by public health has been occurring gradually until today. The Entomological Surveillance appears as a tool that provides the organization of information about the insects, aiming to know biological and ecological aspects that allow the definition of the role of vectors, the prediction of the risk of exposure of the human population to the vectors, and the provision of technical foundation in the control of key species. Although there are legal ways to turn the Entomological Surveillance in a continuous and broad practice, this is not real in Rio Grande do Sul. Objective: To demonstrate the importance of the entomology in public health through the practice of Entomological Surveillance of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae), linked to the routine of the Health Environmental Surveillance. Methods: Between December 2006 and December 2008 systematic studies were carried out and focused on ecological aspects of the fauna in an Atlantic Forest area on the north coast of the state, using CDC traps and Nasci vacuum. In November 2008, in the northwestern region, entomological investigations were performed in areas with circulation of the yellow fever virus, using an entomological net associated with a bottle-type vacuum. In July 2006, monitoring of the West Nile virus in a refuge of migratory birds was carried out using a Nasci vacuum. Results: The study promoted the detection of 23 new records of mosquitoes for Rio Grande do Sul State. Systematic sampling demonstrated a seasonal distribution of the species, with the period between October and May adequate to activities related to fauna surveying and monitoring. The role of Haemagogus leucocelaenus as a vector was demonstrated since the yellow fever virus was again detected in this species. Another important contribution was the discovery of the first isolate of the virus in Aedes serratus, suggesting a role of this 7 species as secondary vector of the virus. Conclusions: The Entomological Surveillance gave information and indicators that broadened perspectives on the vector capacity and competency of determined mosquito species in Rio Grande do Sul, highlighting the importance of this tool
Henriques, Dyana Alves. "Caracterização molecular de arbovírus isolados da fauna diptera nematocera do Estado de Rondônia (Amazônia ocidental brasileira)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-27032009-124003/.
Full textThe Rondônia state has an area with rich arthropods diversity although the knowledge about the arboviruses transmition for these species is poor. The present work aimed to detect arboviruses through RT-PRC and RT-PCR Duplex in the diptera species collected in the region as well as their characterization through the sequence reaction. The RT-PRC and RT-PCR Duplex detected the Mayaro and Oropouche virus suspensions until 104 e 101 TCID50/mL respectively, although it was negative for the Dengue 2 virus in pools containing less than three infected mosquitoes. The endogenous control was detected in 66,8 % of samples and from pools containing from one to three mosquitoes the detection rate was approximately half from that obtained from pools with 11 to 15 mosquitoes. Oropouche virus was found in 0,66 % of pools and Cacipacore virus also in 0,66 % of pools. Oropouche virus was detected in Coquillettidia sp. and Deinocerites sp. while Cacipacoré virus was found in Anopheles sp. and Culex sp. The techniques allowed the detection of examined arboviruses in the pools collected from Rondonia.
Ramos, Carlos José Raupp. "Estudo da fauna de mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) em ambientes intra e peridomiciliar na cidade de Lages, SC." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2009. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/819.
Full textAiming to identify the species of Culicidae in intra and peridomestic environments of the city of Lages, SC., to determine the frequency in these environments and to study the seasonal variation of the fauna of Culicidae were captured, monthly, and then winged insect forms immature at the time of 6 to 10 h in the morning, in intra and peridomestic environments and five homes in Center city and five in a neighborhood of the periphery, from March 2006 to August 2008. Catches were made by suction and automatic light trap. The adults collected by suction with ether were killed and captured in light traps, by freezing. The larvae and pupae were collected in the same environments and the same day, where were the adults, and surveyed with the local accumulation of water by natural conditions and / or artificial. They were caught with plastic shells and nets with mesh of approximately 0.3 mm. After collection, larvae and pupae were placed in test tubes with 70° GL alcohol, with cotton and sealed with rubber stopper and identified. All material was transported to the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases - Agroveterinárias Science Center at the University of the State of Santa Catarina-CAV-UDESC and proceeded mounted and identified. It collected a total of 658 adult mosquitoes, with 657 species of Culex quinquefasciatus, and a female of Ochlerotatus scapularis (= Aedes scapularis). From a total of 490 females, 267 were collected from the environment and 223 intra peridomiciliary. Of the 168 males, 20 were in households and 148 peridomiciliary. 286 larvae were collected, 268 of Cx. quinquefasciatus, Stegomyia albopictus (=Aedes albopictus) and four of 14 Ochlerotatus fluviatilis (= Aedes fluviatilis). There were kind of Cx. quinquefasciatus, there is monthly variation in the density of culicidae, influenced by fluctuations in temperature
Com os objetivos de identificar as espécies de culicídeos em ambientes intra e peridomiciliares da cidade de Lages, SC., de determinar a freqüência nesses ambientes e de estudar a variação sazonal da fauna de culicídeos, foram capturados, mensalmente, insetos alados e formas imaturas no horário das 6 às 10 h da manhã, em ambientes intra e peridomiciliares de cinco residências do Centro da cidade e de cinco de um bairro da periferia, no período de março de 2006 a agosto de 2008. As capturas foram feitas por sucção e com armadilha luminosa automática. Os adultos coletados por sucção foram mortos com éter e os capturados nas armadilhas luminosas, por congelamento. As larvas e pupas foram coletadas nos mesmos ambientes e nos mesmos dias, em que foram coletados os adultos, sendo vistoriados os locais com acúmulo de água por condições naturais e/ou artificiais. Estas formas imaturas foram capturadas com conchas plásticas e com redes com malha de aproximadamente 0,3 mm. Após a coleta, as larvas e as pupas foram acondicionadas em tubos de ensaio com álcool 70%, fechados com algodão e com rolha de borracha e identificados. Todo material foi transportado ao Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias - Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - CAVUDESC e procedidas montagens e identificação. Foi coletado um total de 658 adultos, sendo 657 da espécie Culex quinquefasciatus, e uma fêmea de Ochlerotatus scapularis (=Aedes scapularis). De um total de 490 fêmeas, 267 foram coletadas do ambiente intradomiciliar e 223 do peridomiciliar. Dos 168 machos, 20 foram obtidos no intradomicílio e 148 no peridomicílio. Foram coletadas 286 larvas, 268 de Cx. quinquefasciatus, quatro de Stegomyia albopictus (=Aedes albopictus) e 14 Ochlerotatus fluviatilis (=Aedes fluviatilis). Houve predomínio da espécie Cx. quinquefasciatus, constatando-se variações mensais na densidade de culicídeos, influenciadas pelas oscilações de temperatura
Breitfuss, Mark, and n/a. "The Effects of Physical Habitat Modification for Mosquito Control, Runnelling, on Selected Non-Target Saltmarsh Resources." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031126.074304.
Full textAlmeida, Fabio de. "Alterações reprodutivas causadas pela infecção por Wolbachia pipientis em Culex quinquefasciatus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-19062013-083726/.
Full textWolbachia is an endosymbiont bacterium that interferes on reproduction of their hosts. It can cause: parthenogenesis, male-killing, feminilization, alterations in reproductive fitness and cytoplasmic incompatibility. This study evaluated and compared physiological and reproductive differences between Culex quinquefasciatus infected and non-infected with Wolbachia. We noted that the mosquito larvae of non-infected mosquitoes reach the adult stage earlier. Uninfected adult females have higher ability to lay eggs, lay more eggs and those eggs have higher viability. In contrast, infected females live longer when fed with blood, and require less time after blood feeding to lay eggs. The fact that non-infected mosquitoes have better reproductive fitness may be related to differences in the amount of vitellogenin. We noted that wing size is not significantly altered by the infection, and that the infected mosquitoes showed higher bilateral wing asymmetry.
Fernandes, Lícia Natal. "Identificação de infecção por Flavivirus em mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) coletados em áreas verdes da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-03082015-102328/.
Full textIntroduction: Among the arboviruses transmitted in Brazil, Flavivirus are noteworthy once they cause the largest number of infections and diseases in humans and also because they can cause serious illnesses. In the city of São Paulo there are green spaces, represented by city parks in which lakes, birds and mammals are found. The population visits those places, which can also be a refuge for mosquitoes that infect the urban area. Some studies reveal the occurrence of mosquitoes species known to be vectors of Flavivirus in this city, what can contribute to the emergence of cases and transmission of diseases caused by this kind of virus. However, the presence of Flavivirus infecting those arthropods is not known. Objective: To Identify infection by Flavivirus in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in São Paulo\'s city parks. Method: Seven city parks located in different places of the city were selected for the study. Monthly mosquito collections were carried out in each park from March 2011 to February 2012. The traps employed were aspirator, Shannon and CDC-CO2. The mosquitoes were transported to the laboratory on dry ice. Identification was performed in a chill table. Up to 10 non-engorged females were pooled according to specie, date and place of collection. Engorged females were stored individually. Nucleic acids were extracted and submitted to real time RT-PCR that amplifies a 200pb fragment of NS5 gene of Flavivirus. Positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results: Eleven genus of Culicidae were found among the 5,213 non engorged females (818 pools) and the 778 engorged females. Culex and Aedes were the most frequent collected genus. Nineteen non engorged female pools had positive results for the presence of Flavivirus RNA. Phylogenetic analyses showed the RNA found was related to Aedes flavivirus (AEFV) in two pools of Aedes and to Culex flavivirus (CxFV) in the other pools, all of them consisting of Culex. Conclusion: CxFV and AEFV are present in mosquitoes Culex and Aedes, respectively, collected in São Paulo\'s city parks. Flavivirus of medical importance were not detected. Although, once there are species of mosquitoes that can act as vectors of pathogenic Flavivirus and vertebrate hosts, which are required for the transmission cycle of those virus, surveillance is recommended in the studied areas.
Hambrick, Bethany Lynn. "Population Dynamics and Community Structure of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Recorded in Denton, Texas from 2005 to 2015." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157552/.
Full textBarros, Michele Silva de. "Padronização de modelo de inflamação alérgica pela exposição a picadas de mosquitos Aedes aegypti." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-30012013-095409/.
Full textDuring blood feeding, Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes inoculate saliva into the skin of their vertebrate hosts, modulating their immune functions and facilitating disease transmission. Some components presents in the saliva of Ae. aegypti have been described and characterized as allergens. In this study, we developed a model of allergic inflammation in mice naturally exposed to Ae. aegypti mosquito bites. Our data show that the sensitization and subsequent challenged with this mosquito salivary components induces lung inflammation with increased numbers of eosinophils, T CD4+ and CD19+ cells and IL-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage, mucus and collagen production in lung, total IgE and specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in serum, but no changes in breathing pattern and in the airways reactivity. Together, the results generated in the present study confirm the development of an allergic response that is different from classic models of this area with the presence of components which suggest both Th1 and Th2 responses.
Piovezan, Rafael [UNESP]. "Vigilância entomológica e estudos sobre a dengue no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139532.
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As atividades de controle da dengue são preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde e pelas Secretarias de Estado da Saúde. A Superintendência de Controle de Endemias no Estado de São Paulo é o órgão responsável pelo acompanhamento e auxílio, em algumas situações, nas atividades de combate à dengue. A cargo dos municípios paulistas fica a execução das ações. Nesse contexto, é de amplo conhecimento técnico que atividades de vigilância epidemiológica e entomológica se mostram fundamentais para a redução dos riscos causados pela transmissão de agentes patogênicos, através dos mosquitos, à sociedade. Com esse intuito, diversos trabalhos foram executados no município de Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, interior do Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de melhorar a compreensão da dinâmica da dengue. Foram realizados dois estudos sobre o perfil epidemiológico da dengue, o primeiro analisou a epidemia ocorrida durante o ano de 2010, e o segundo apresentou análises espaciais sobre a doença no período de 1995 a 2010. No aspecto entomológico, três trabalhos foram executados. O primeiro verificou a distribuição de culicídeos no bairro Cruzeiro do Sul, que apresenta características rurais, ainda que em transição para a condição urbana. No segundo trabalho foram analisados os resultados obtidos através de dois métodos de aplicação de inseticida, conhecidos como nebulização leve e nebulização com equipamento pesado acoplado a veículo. E o último trabalho apresentou resultados sobre as coletas realizadas em cinco bairros rurais do município através da instalação de larvitrampas. Os resultados obtidos nos estudos sobre as epidemias demonstraram que, durante o ano de 2010, os homens foram mais acometidos por dengue e a faixa etária com maior número de casos foi entre 15 e 19 anos. Os sintomas mais comuns relatados foram febre, mialgia, cefaléia e artralgia. Também verificou-se que duas áreas do município apresentaram maior risco com relação a dengue e que o histórico das epidemias apresentou como ponto de início da transmissão a zona leste da cidade. Nas pesquisas com enfoque entomológico, foi possível verificar cinco espécies de mosquitos capturadas nas armadilhas durante a pesquisa no bairro rural Cruzeiro do Sul, e seis espécies identificadas nas pesquisas realizadas em diferentes áreas rurais do município. Especificamente para o bairro Cruzeiro do Sul, a comparação entre esses dois trabalhos desenvolvidos demonstrou que Aedes albopictus sofreu redução em sua freqüência, enquanto Aedes aegypti ampliou o número de ocorrências nessa área. Nos dois estudos realizados, o primeiro apenas no Cruzeiro do Sul e o segundo em cinco localidades rurais distintas, o índice de diversidade de Simpson obteve resultados maiores nos locais onde a presença de Ae. aegypti era menos freqüente. No trabalho sobre a comparação dos métodos de nebulização foi possível observar que o número de ovos coletados nas armadilhas foi menor onde se utilizou o equipamento de nebulização pesado. Também se observou diferença no número de pacientes acometidos pela dengue entre as duas áreas estudadas. Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os métodos apresentados para estabelecimento do perfil epidemiológico da doença na cidade e as pesquisas que permitiram identificar a dinâmica das espécies de mosquitos em áreas rurais, são importantes indicadores que devem ser considerados nos trabalhos de controle, assim como as autoridades competentes devem executar os métodos mais efetivos de combate ao vetor frente à complexidade e à importância que as doenças relacionadas ao Ae. aegypti impõem à sociedade.
The activities related to the control of dengue fever are recommended by the Ministry of Health and by the Health Secretariat of the State - this latter under the responsibility of the Superintendence of the Control of Endemic Diseases of the State of São Paulo. The execution of the relevant actions is the responsibility of the municipalities of the State. Within this context, both epidemiological and entomological surveillance are fundamental for the reduction of the risks arising from the transmission of diseases by mosquitoes to society. Various studies were undertaken in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste municipality in the interior of São Paulo State, for the purpose of understanding the dynamics of dengue fever better. Two studies were conducted on the epidemiological profile of dengue fever, the first of which analyzed the epidemic which occurred during 2010, and the second presented an analysis of the disease during the period from 1995 to 2010. Three studies were undertaken focusing on the entomological aspect. The first to ascertain the distribution of Culicidae in the Bairro Cruzeiro do Sul suburb, which presents rural characteristics but which is transitional to an urban environment. In the second study the results obtained by means of two methods of the application of insecticide, known as light nebulization and nebulization with heavy equipment coupled to the vehicle, were analyzed. The last study presented the results obtained from the collections undertaken in five rural districts of the municipality by means of the installation of larvitraps. The results obtained by the studies of the epidemics demonstrated that, in 2010, men contracted dengue fever more often than women and that the greatest number of cases occurred in young people between 15 and 19 years of age. The most commonly reported symptoms were fever, myalgia, headache and arthralgia. It was also discovered that two areas of the municipality presented greater risk of dengue fever, and that the history of the epidemics presents the eastern zone of the city as the district in which the epidemic broke out. In the research undertaken with entomological focus, it was ascertained that five mosquito species were captured in the traps during the project in the rural district of Cruzeiro do Sul, and six species were identified in the research undertaken in the various rural areas. Specifically for the Bairro Cruzeiro do Sul suburb, a comparison of the two studies undertaken shows that Aedes albopictus became less frequent, while Aedes aegypti increased its occurrences in this area. In the two studies undertaken in the various rural areas, Simpson’s diversity index obtained the highest results at those sites where the presence of Ae. aegypti was less frequent. In the study comparing the methods of nebulization it was observed that the number of eggs collected on the traps was smaller where the equipment for heavy nebulization was used. A difference between the numbers of patients suffering from dengue fever between these two areas was also observed. In the light of the results obtained it is concluded that the methods presented for the establishment of the epidemiological profile of the disease in the city as also the research which permitted the identification of the dynamics of the mosquito species in the rural areas are important indicators which should be borne in mind in undertaking control actions and also that the competent authorities should make use of the most effective methods to combat the vector in the light of the complexity and gravity of the pathogens which Ae. aegypti transmits to society.
Flynn, Rebecca Anne. "Developing a Guide and Template to Aid the Preparation of Mosquito Surveillance Plans in Ohio." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1531496725016722.
Full textCarvalho, Danilo de Oliveira. "Estudo de dispersão de machos da linhagem transgênica OX513A de Aedes aegypti." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-20092012-094242/.
Full textNew alternatives are needed to control mosquitoes that transmit Dengue. Based on insect technique Sterile (SIT), which comprises sterilizing, mass rearing and release a large number of sterile males in an area target, RIDL technology based on SIT, but using transgenesis instead of radiation. Doing the same process for mass rearing and release of male mosquitoes carrying lethal gene to their offspring, in this case the strain OX513A of Aedes aegypti is under test in this project, through the evaluation of laboratory and field trials with mark-release-recapture (MRR), comparing transgenic with wild-type. We measured competitiveness, longevity and dispersal. The tests were performed in Itaberaba neighborhood (Juazeiro / BA) and at University of São Paulo. The evaluation was carried out with monitoring through ovitraps and adult mosquitoes collection with aspiration in houses. It was also developed a communication plan to society/community in general. The results indicate that the compatibility between the lines (transgenic and wild-type) was positive, and competitiveness showed no trend among females to choose one lineage or another. Statistically there were no difference between the number of eggs and larvae (resulting fertility) between the transgenic line and wild-type. The study area monitoring confirmed the presence of Ae. aegypti, and no Aedes albopictus was captured. To evaluate dispersion, transgenic males were released into the environment and they showed a field survival of 2.3 days and a flight range of 80 meters from the release point. The relative sterility index was determined based on the competitiveness and fluorescent proportion of eggs. Mass production was established to perform the pre-suppression phase releasing 540,000 males over six weeks and obtaining 17% of transgenic larvae in response of transgenic males mating field females. Based on these data suppression process have started with a release target of 400,000 per week, this is about 05 times more to reach the suppression stage briefly.
Jerí, Donat Guido. "Freedom E.I.R.L. "Mosquito Bar"." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273618.
Full textBerry, Gerald A. "Mosquito Larvicides from Cyanobacteria." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1449.
Full textHoa, Vu Minh, and n/a. "Mosquito habitats and predation efficiency on mosquito populations in Ginninderra Wetland, Canberra, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.115344.
Full textGouge, Dawn, Kirk A. Smith, Carl Olson, and Paul Baker. "Mosquitoes." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146702.
Full textLi, Shujuan, Dawn Gouge, Al Fournier, Shaku Nair, Paul Baker, and Carl Olson. "Mosquitoes." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305089.
Full textSilva, Filho Cícero Alfredo da 1977. "Problemas de controle ótimo com restrições envolvendo a equação de transporte com renovação." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307412.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho é o de analisar de forma matematicamente rigorosa dois problemas de controle ótimo com restrições dadas por sistemas de equações diferenciais que incluem a equação de transporte com renovação, bem como um conjunto de restrições para a classe dos controles. Tais sistemas modelam as dinâmicas de populações de mosquitos (considerados em dois grupos: indivíduos jovens, em fase aquática, e adultos) e suas interações com os recursos do meio ambiente (alimentos, por exemplo); além disso, leva-se em conta o processo de maturação da população jovem, a qual fica, portanto estruturada por idade e cuja dinâmica é governada por uma equação de transporte com renovação. Nestes problemas, as populações estão submetidas à atuação de um controle externo, um agente químico, por exemplo, que afeta as respectivas taxas de mortalidade, modificando-as; no caso dos indivíduos jovens, tal atuação pode depender do nível de maturação (idade) do indivíduo. O primeiro problema considera apenas a variação no tempo da população de adultos, enquanto que o segundo problema leva em conta também a sua distribuição espacial. Em cada um desses problemas, mostra-se, sob certas condições, a existência de controle ótimo, isto é, um controle que minimiza um dado funcional objetivo; obtêm-se também as correspondentes condições de otimalidade que caracterizam tal controle ótimo
Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze in a mathematically rigorous way two optimal control problems with restrictions given by systems of differential equations including the transport equation with renewal, as well as, a restriction set for the controls. Such systems model the dynamics of mosquito populations (considered in two groups: young individual, in aquatic phase, and adults) and their interaction with the environmental resources (food material, for instance); moreover, the maturation process of the population of young individuals is taken in consideration, and thus it becomes age structured and its dynamics is governed by a transport equation with renewal. In these problems, the populations are submitted to the action of an external control, a chemical agent, for instance, which affects the respective mortality rates, changing them; in the case of the young individuals, such action may depend on the individual maturation level. The firs problem considers only the time variation of the adult population; the second problem takes in consideration also its spatial distribution. In each of those problems, it is shown that, under certain conditions, there exists optimal contra, that is, a control minimizing a given objective functional; the associated optimality conditions characterizing such optimal controls are also obtained
Doutorado
Matematica Aplicada
Doutor em Matemática Aplicada
Sobrinho, Rodolfo Andreani. "Avaliação de índice de infestação de Culex quinquefasciatus e registro de reclamações de incômodo em áreas referentes aos piscinões de Santo André, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6139/tde-26012016-132028/.
Full textIntroduction: Culicids (Diptera: Culicidae) usually known as mosquitoes, are vectors of several animal and human diseases pathogenic agents and also are nuisance factors to general population. The features launched with the objective to control the urban pests using chemicals must be made with maximum parsimony to avoid environmental contamination and also hamper the emergence of resistant strains to biocides used. Objectives: To establish infestation levels of Culex quinquefasciatus based on the insect count adults and their immature forms, collected in big pools and propose tool to estimate the nuisance caused by the bites on the surrounding population. Materials and Methods: The established period collection of mosquito specimens and originated data was from August 2014 to May 2015.For the study area, were chosen two reservoirs of the Municipality of Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil, from the reservoir of the Bom Pastor and the reservoir district, School of Medicine, located in Valparaiso neighborhood. This research proposes the construction of some infestation rates of target species based on two fronts: 1) it was diagnosed by mosquitoes count conducted in the area of big pools. They were counted and identified the adult specimens of this mosquito were collected through aspiration in shelters and aspiration within resting boxes were installed in the areas of big pools and count immature forms (larvae and pupae), collected in aquatic breeding of big pools . 2) Complaints were analyzed stemmed from residents through the Information Service of the City System within a radius corresponding to the boundary area of influence of each reservoir. Results: 1896 adult specimens were collected in the suction activity in shelters, 621 immature specimens and 67 adult specimens aspirated the resting box. Identified the sex of adult specimens and were a predominance of males. From the sampling done in compliance with the natural and anthropogenic variables, and analysis of complaints they were created and applied three indices of infestation (Immature Density per Liter, Mosquitoes Aspirates per Minute Index and Mosquitoes Aspirates from Resting Boxes) and one of complaints (Correspondents Complaints Index). Conclusions: Through the analysis of seasonal aspects, the indexes showed how important tools for control interventions of this pest. The method of resting boxes proved to be unproductive compared to other indices.
Cardozo, Lucas Esteves. "Mapeamento de hotspots de transmissão de malária utilizando geolocalização de pacientes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9142/tde-04022019-170221/.
Full textThe identification of regions with high rates of infection can be of great use in the control of malaria. For this reason, hospitals in endemic regions seek to know the places previously visited by patients. However, such information, obtained through questionnaires provided to patients, is usually vague, inaccurate and not integrated into databases. This makes the process manual, slow and of little value in large-scale epidemiological studies. Based on the fact that a significant portion of the population has smartphones equipped with GPS, this project aims to improve the accuracy and organization of the process of collecting geolocation data from infected patients. The Sickness Positioning System (https://sipos.fcf.usp.br) was developed so that patients who arrive at hospitals can, with voluntary consent, provide the GPS data collected by their smartphones. User data, which is handled anonymously, is automatically processed and securely stored. Through the SiPoS Explorer system (https://sipos.fcf.usp.br/explorer), epidemiologists and public health experts can explore and analyze geolocation data, thereby allowing vulnerable regions to be prioritized during control campaigns.
Zola, Sheri. "Molecular events associated with mosquito diapause." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
Find full textGreenfield, Bethany Patricia Jane. "Metarhizium pathogenesis of mosquito larvae." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42819.
Full textCardoso, André Franco. "Vitelogênese do mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-25032010-165034/.
Full textAs in other mosquitoes, fat body trophocytes of Cx. quinquefasciatus synthesize vitellogenin (Vg), the major yolk protein stored by the oocyte, formed by two subunits of 200 and 86 kDa. The trophocytes ultrastructure reveals the rapid development of the biosynthetic machinery and the consecutive degradation around 48 h post blood meal (PBM). Before blood meal, a set of undifferentiated cells limited by follicular epithelium, conform the ovarian follicles. After blood meal, the oocyte is remarkable by accumulation of lipid inclusions and yolk granules. Vitellogenin receptors (rVitCx), are localized exclusively in the ovaries and real time PCR showed transcripts increase at the first five days after emergence (AE), and at the first 48 h PBM, during oogenesis. Vg transcripts profile showed a peak on the third day AE and at the end of the vitellogenic process
Otienoburu, Philip E. "Plant Semiochemicals as Mosquito Attractants." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313605670.
Full textMarcantonio, Matteo [Verfasser], Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Kleinschmit, Birgit [Gutachter] Kleinschmit, and Chris [Gutachter] Barker. "Environmental modelling and spatial ecology with focus on invasive Aedes mosquitoes and emergent mosquito-borne pathogens / Matteo Marcantonio ; Gutachter: Birgit Kleinschmit, Chris Barker ; Betreuer: Birgit Kleinschmit." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/115627107X/34.
Full textButler, Mari. "Catch basin ecosystems and effects of the mosquito larvicide methoprene /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3186895.
Full textSilva, Gilcia Aparecida de Carvalho. "Estudos sobre a competencia vetorial de populações de mosquitos (Diptera, Culiciade) da região metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco e de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, para Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314470.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Mosquitos pertencentes aos gêneros Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia, Psorophora e Coquillettidia são susceptíveis à infecção por Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856), podendo transmitir o filarídeo aos cães e gatos. Os vetores de D. immitis no Brasil são conhecidos apenas nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e do Maranhão, fazendo-se necessária a investigação da susceptibilidade e da competência vetorial de espécies existentes nos demais Estados brasileiros. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade verificar a freqüência de infecção por D. immitis em cães domiciliados na Região Metropolitana do Recife, bem como avaliar a susceptibilidade e a competência vetorial de Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 e Ae. albopictus Skuse, 1894 provenientes de área endêmica e não endêmica para a transmissão desse filarídeo, em condições experimentais. A resposta imune humoral (melanização) apresentada pelos mosquitos expostos à infecção também foi avaliada. Para a realização do inquérito epidemiológico, 816 amostras de sangue canino foram coletadas nas áreas costeiras da Região Metropolitana do Recife e no município de Bezerros, agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. As amostras sangüíneas foram analisadas por meio de teste parasitológico para a pesquisa de microfilárias de D. immitis, utilizando-se o método modificado de Knott. Para a avaliação da competência vetorial Cx. Quinquefasciatus população RECIFE, Ae. aegypti populações RECIFE, UNICAMP e linhagem ROCKFELLER e Ae. albopictus população RECIFE foram criados em insetário sob condições controladas (28 '+ ou ¿' '1 GRAU C¿ e 80 ' + ou ¿' 5% de umidade relativa do ar). As fêmeas das espécies estudadas foram alimentadas com sangue canino contendo diferentes densidades de microfilárias de D. immitis, por meio de membrana artificial confeccionada com pele fresca de animal. Para Cx. quinquefasciatus, que é uma espécie ornitofílica, foi utilizada pele de codorna, e para Ae. aegypti e Ae. albopictus a membrana artificial foi confeccionada com pele de rato. Os resultados obtidos no estudo mostraram freqüência de 3,61%, 7,89% e 7,69% de cães infectados na Ilha de Itamaracá, Igarassu e Recife, respectivamente. Após as infecções experimentais, observou-se que a mortalidade de Cx. quinquefasciatus não foi influenciada pela exposição a diferentes densidades de microfilárias de D. immitis (F = 0,0615, p>0,05) e os índices encontrados variaram de 8,9% a 36,25%. Os índices de eficiência vetorial (IEV) apresentados por Cx. quinquefasciatus população RECIFE variaram de 7,8% a 56,5%. Em relação à razão de infecção, o maior índice foi encontrado no grupo de fêmeas expostas a densidade de 1913 microfilárias/ml, entretanto, não foi influenciado pela taxa de ingurgitamento das fêmeas (F=3,2937, p>0,05). Por meio de melanização, Cx. quinquefasciatus população RECIFE, limitou a intensidade do parasitismo, promovendo o equilíbrio da relação parasito-hospedeiro e deste modo passando a ser um excelente vetor de D. immitis na Região Metropolitana do Recife. Dentre as espécies de Aedes estudadas, verificou-se que a população RECIFE de Ae. aegypti apresentou maior mortalidade (70,7%) ao final dos experimentos, apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,01) em relação à linhagem ROCKFELLER, população UNICAMP e Ae. albopictus população RECIFE, que não diferiram entre si (p>0,05). Em relação ao índice de eficiência vetorial (IEV) foi detectado um índice de 7,4% para a linhagem ROCKFELLER e uma variação de 20,0% a 53,8% para as populações de Ae. aegypti e 25,2% para Ae. albopictus população RECIFE. O maior número de larvas de D. immitis infectantes na probóscide foi apresentado por Ae. albopictus população RECIFE, além de uma baixa mortalidade. Desta forma, esta população mostrou-se susceptível ao filarídeo e por apresentar baixa mortalidade, foi considerada como a melhor vetora. Ae. aegypti população RECIFE não apresentou reação de melanização e apresentou mortalidade acentuada, enquanto que Ae. aegypti população UNICAMP e linhagem ROCKFELLER mostraram-se refratárias à infecção por D. immitis
Abstract: Mosquitoes belong to the genus Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia, Psorophora and Coquillettidia are susceptible to infection of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) and some of them serve as vectors heartworm disease in dogs and cats. Although the potential vectors of canine heartworm in Brazil have been recorded only in Rio de Janeiro and Maranhão State and no more date are available. The objective of this study was to verify the frequency of heartworm infection in dogs in metropolitan region of Recife and also identify under experimental conditions their ability of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 and Ae. albopictus Skuse,1894 from enzootic and non enzootic areas to become infected with and transmit D. immitis. After the experimental infection of mosquitoes, the melanization response to larvae of D. immitis also was evaluated. The survey study were performed on a total of 816 dogs from costal areas of Metropolitan Region of Recife and Bezerros County, located in agreste area of Pernambuco State. Whole blood samples were collected from all animals and were examined for the presence of microfilariae of D. immitis by the modified Knott test. To verify the vector competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus RECIFE population, Ae. aegypti RECIFE, UNICAMP populations and also ROCKFELLER strain and Ae. albopictus RECIFE population, the mosquitoes were reared under constant insectary conditions (28 '+ or ¿' '1 DEGREE C¿ and 80 '+ or ¿' 5% relative humidity). Females mosquitoes, were exposed to blood¿s dog with diferents density of D. immitis microfilariae by artificial feeding apparatus made by fresh animal skin. For this puporse, ornithophilic Cx. quinquefasciatus was feeding by skin quail menbrane, and for the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus the artificial membrane was made by rat skin. The results of the survey study showed 3.61%, 7.89%, and 7.69% of heartworm infection frequency in dog from Itamaracá Island, Igarassu and the city of Recife respectively. The mortality of Cx. Quinquefasciatus RECIFE population observed in the vector competence study did not show influence of different density of microfilariae of D. immitis (F = 0.0615, p>0.05) and the mortality rate was 8.9% to 36.25%. The vector efficiency (VE) rates of Cx. quinquefasciatus RECIFE population were 7.8% to 56.5%. The higher infection rate was showed in females feeding with blood containing 1913 mf/ml, but no influence was observed in engorged females. The melanization response observed in Cx. quinquefasciatus was important for vector survival by limiting the number of larvae, acting as an important mechanism of parasitic-host interactions. The data indicate that the Cx. quinquefasciatus RECIFE population should is an excelent vector of D. immitis at metropolitan region of Recife. Significant difference (p<0.01) was observed in the mortality rates between the RECIFE population of Ae. aegypti, UNICAMP population, ROCKFELLER strain, and Ae. albopictus RECIFE population. Although no difference were observed between Ae. aegypti ROCKFELLER, UNICAMP and Ae. albopictus RECIFE population. The vector efficiency (VE) rates of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus RECIFE population were 7.4% to 53.8% and 25.2% respectively. Not only the high number of infective third stage larvae of D. immitis in mouth of mosquitoes but also low mortality was observed in Ae. albopictus RECIFE population. This data showed that this specie is the best vector of heartworm infection in the study area. No melanization response was observed in Ae. Aegypti RECIFE population but high mortality was reported. The UNICAMP population and ROCKFELLER strain of Ae. aegypti were refractory to infection to D. immitis
Doutorado
Doutor em Parasitologia
Hagen, Darren Erich. "Identification and characterization of germline-specific promoters for remobilization of transgenes in the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1513.
Full textCabrini, Isaías 1978. "Avaliação de repelentes eletronicos e estudos quanto a eficiencia de transposição de telas, utilizando Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1854) (Diptera: Culicidade)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314459.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Já é bem conhecida há várias décadas a transmissão de diversas doenças para o homem e outros animais, por fêmeas de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae). Devido a isso, inúmeros estudos laboratoriais, utilizando sistemas fechados, têm sido realizados para se conhecer melhor o comportamento dos mosquitos. Esses sistemas consistem em olfatômetros, túneis de vento, câmaras-teste, entre outros, e podem ser utilizados para avaliar, por exemplo, produtos para a proteção pessoal, como os repelentes e telas de proteção, obtendo-se dados sobre a eficácia em impedir que as fêmeas de mosquitos consigam picar um hospedeiro. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver inicialmente um sistema de câmara-teste, a partir de um sistema já descrito em literatura científica, para estudos com mosquitos Aedes spp. O sistema foi feito em isopor, sendo composto de uma caixa grande conectada a um tubo, que por sua vez foi dividido em duas seções. Ao todo, o sistema ficou então constituído por três seções. Na parte distal do tubo foram liberadas fêmeas de Aedes aegypti ou Ae. albopictus que eram atraídas para os estímulos de uma mão humana e uma fonte de luz, disposta na caixa, na outra extremidade. Primeiro foi avaliado nessa câmara-teste a repetitividade do padrão de comportamento de atração, verificando-se que proporção dos mosquitos seria atraída para a outra extremidade.
Abstract: The transmission of some diseases to humans and others animals by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) is knew. Due to this fact many studies have been done in the laboratory in order to better understand the mosquito behavior. Examples of some studies are those with olfactometers, wind tunnels and test-chambers, among others. Such approaches can also be in order to evaluate products for personal protection such as repellents and bednets, gathering data on their efficacy in avoiding female bites. The aim of the present work was to develop a test-chamber based on a system already described to study Aedes spp. mosquitoes. The system was constructed with polystyrene, consisting of a cage connected to a tube, which was divided in three sections. At the distal end of the tube Aedes aegypti or Ae. albopictus females were released, to be attracted to the stimulus of a human hand and a light source placed at the box in the opposite side. This system was developed in order to assess the host behavior testing a attraction of the stimulus for females, evidenced by their attraction to the other end of the tube. The developed test-chamber proved to be feasible to be use, since 94% Ae. albopictus and 95% of Ae. aegypti females were attracted to the section where the attractive were placed. Sonic frequencies devices, the so-called electronic repellents for insects, spiders and rats have been sold for many years.
Mestrado
Mestre em Parasitologia
Souza, Andressa Francisca Ribeiro de. "Aspectos ecológicos de mosquitos (Diptera:Culicidae) em ambientes degradados e preservados da APA Capivari-Monos no município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-13032014-090614/.
Full textThe Environmental Protection Area (APA) Capivari-Monos in the Parelheiros sub-district, in South São Paulo, is an Atlantic Forest area that comprises important springs. Owing to the disorganized urbanization, changes in the natural ecological conditions of the APA promoted human-Culicidae-pathogen contact. The lack of information on the ecology of mosquito vectors in the APA motivated the present study, which investigated the Culicidae fauna wild and anthropic zones of the Capivari-Monos APA, determining biodiversity indicators and relating them to environmental factors. To that end, adult and immature Culicidae were monthly collected from the wild and from the anthropic zones for 12 months and using different capture techniques. Diversity indicators were used to assess richness, dominance, evenness and abundance in the different environments. A number of 9,403 adult mosquitoes were collected from May 2009 to June 2010. The main species collected in the wild environment were Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii, the Melanoconion section of Culex (Melanoconion) and Aedes serratus, whereas the most common species in the anthropic zone were Coquillettidia chrysonotum/albifera, Culex (Culex) Coronator group and An. (Ker.) cruzii. Mosquito richness was similar between the zones, and their abundance varied according to the species. Compared to the wild zone, the anthropic zone exhibited higher richness and evenness, suggesting that environmental stress increased the number of favorable niches for culicids, promoting diversity. An. cruzii occurrence was positively correlated with rainfall and temperature in the anthropic zone, but in the wild zone it was not associated with climatic factors. From the 2,443 immature mosquitoes collected, 1,507 (61.7 per cent ) were found int the anthropic zone and 936 (38.3 per cent ) in the wild zone. The immature mosquitoes were distributed into 62 taxonomic categories, and their richness and abundance were higher in the anthropic than in the wild zone. Culex (Microculex) Imitator group was the prevailing species in both environments.