Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Moteurs à explosion – Moteurs à gaz'
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Mercier, Marc. "Contribution à l'étude du fonctionnement d'un moteur à allumage commandé alimenté au gaz naturel de Groningue." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/14577380-5929-49d9-bd99-fb1d1dc8381f.
Full textWe studied the performance of a spark ignition engine fuelled with natural Groningen gas and compared the obtained results with those given when using gasoline. The analysis was made versus rotational speed, spark ignition timing and equivalence ratio with simultaneous measurements of cylinder head and exhaust temperatures. The cylinder pressure recording show the possibility of working with poor mixtures in the case of natural gas. The ignition delays and combustion durations are higher with gas and imply the necessity of an increased spark timing in comparison with gasoline to maximize the mean effective pressure. We calculated the combustion temperatures and the ignition delays and combustion durations were modelled versus equivalence ratio. The cylinder pressure cyclic dispersion showed that the combustion stability is optimum for spark timings and equivalence ratio corrsponding to maximum torques. With these conditions, the combustion durations are minimum with a fast front flame propagation and maximum mean effective pressure. Part loads influence the performance data by adjusting the admitted air flow in the admission pipe. The torque with gasoline remains high up to half load whereas the torque with natural gas decreases quickly below three quarter load. The polluant emissions are weakes with natural gas. Natural gas is an attractive alternative solution for engines fitted to this type of fuel
Brecq, Guillaume. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermodynamique du cliquetis dans les moteurs à gaz : application à de nouvelles méthodes de détection." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2064.
Full textCaillol, Christian. "Influence de la composition du gaz naturel carburant sur la combustion turbulente en limite pauvre dans les moteurs à allumage commandé." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11042.
Full textThe influence of the main minor components involved in natural gas composition, ethane and propane, is experimentally quantified. The constituted experimental database demonstrates the significant effect of fuel mixture properties on engine performance and pollutant emission levels. A one-zone predictive combustion model, based on the numerical resolution of energy and species conservation equations, which integrates detailed chemical kinetics, is developed. In order to take into account the effects of turbulence on the combustion process, a two-zone predictive thermodynamic approach is then adopted. The premixed flame propagation is first described by an empirical burning law, then by an expression for the rate of combustion of fuel controlled by the turbulent mixing process. Finally, a numerical modeling approach of nitric oxide formation, based on the use of a probability density function of temperature in burnt gases, is proposed
Zadnik, Martin Vingerhoeds Rob A. Vincent François. "Détection du cliquetis pour moteur automobile." Toulouse (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3), 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/206.
Full textSorin, Anthony. "Étude de l'interaction solide - fluide dans la zone d'entrée d'un tube cylindrique support d'un écoulement d'air intermittent : application à l'étude thermique des collecteurs d'échappement de moteurs à explosion." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2069.
Full textKosiwczuk, Wenceslas. "Mesure simultanée des vitesses des gouttes et du gaz en mélange diphasique par PIV et fluorescence." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES065.
Full textZadnik, Martin. "Détection du cliquetis pour moteur automobile." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/206/.
Full textKnocking in automobile engines is a parasite phenomenon of abnormal combustion with several harmful consequences. This thesis is concerned with new techniques of knock sensor signal processing whose aim is to improve the detection. We first analyse the knock signal properties by means of time-frequency methods. Further on, the use of neural networks is considered in order to try to reconstruct the in-cylinder pressure signal, since this one better indicates the phenomenon. In the main part of the thesis, different knock detectors are studied, based on a parametric signal model. We propose various robust methods, on one hand to reduce the computational cost and on the other hand to assure a processing that is tolerant to imprecisely known knock- specific resonant frequencies. We derive theoretical detection performance of different detectors as well as apply these detectors on real signals
Corre, Christian. "Structure d'une flamme en deux stades de butane : action d'un additif antidétonant : la n-méthylaniline." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10081.
Full textLebel-Simon, Murielle. "Mesures simultanées par DRASC de température et de concentration de CO2 dans un moteur. Application à l'étude des variations cycle à cycle liées aux gaz résiduels." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES010.
Full textLezzar, Balahouane. "Contribution à l'étude de la combustion et des limites de fonctionnement dans un monocylindre à taux de compression variable alimenté au méthane, au gaz de groningue et avec un mélange méthane-éthane." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0d1a9c0a-0df4-4fab-8206-316c90031798.
Full textBroustail, Guillaume. "Potentiel de l’utilisation des mélanges hydrocarbures/alcools pour les moteurs à allumage commandé." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE2077/document.
Full textFor the past few years, the oil stock decrease encourages the different countries to increase their energy independence. Moreover, reducing the environmental impact of transportation became one of the priorities of our society. In this way, European emissions standards are stricter while several pollutants have been identified to have a negative impact on health and the environment. To answer this double problem, the use of alcohols biofuels in spark-ignition engines is one the promising ways. The European Union have already taken a small step in that direction by allowing a maximum of 10% of ethanol into gasoline. As well as ethanol is already marketed, Biobutanol, a 2nd generation biofuel, appears as a serious candidate with a strong potential for a spark-ignition engines use. The objective of this dissertation is to study the potential of the iso-octane/butanol blends use in spark-ignition engines, in terms of performance and pollutants emissions. Moreover, these results are compared to isooctane/ethanol blends. The heat release in spark-ignition engine is piloted for a part by laminar burning velocity. This characteristic was studied experimentally and numerically for different initial conditions (pressure and equivalence ratio) in a constant volume bomb. Then, the early flame kernel growth was studied in a spark-ignition single cylinder engine equipped with optical accesses. Those results were correlated with the results on the laminar burning velocity. Finally, regulated and non-regulated pollutants emissions and engine performance were investigated in a spark-ignition single cylinder engine. A decrease of most pollutant emissions was observed with both alcohols addition
Delorme, Rodolphe. "Applications des décharges de type streamer nanoseconde aux domaines de la combustion et de la spectroscopie." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES007.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the application of high-voltage discharges, having rise time about the nanosecond, in fields in full expansion nowadays. This study is articulated around two large research orientations which are combustion and spectroscopy. The first of the potential applications in the field of combustion, the ignition of a combustible mixture in configuration point-to-crown, enabled us to validate this technique of ignition and to compare it with a traditional ignition by spark. This type of ignition makes it possible to initiate the combustion of a stoechiometric propane-air mixture, at ambient temperature, for pressures ranging between 1 and 7 bars. The second application relates to the stabilization of turbulent lifted flame at exit of injector, by a discharge sheet in wire-wire configuration with dielectric barrier. This process allows, for a height of stabilization given, to increase the flowing speed of almost 80%. The electric power injected into the streamer discharges corresponds to 1/1000th of the flame energy. The current technical limitation of this type of stabilization is at the level of the discharges repetition rate (< 300 Hz). In the field of spectroscopy, the application of streamer discharges, in wire-wire configuration with dielectric barrier, in a Argon-Hydrogen mixture, makes it possible to generate an emission between 185 and 350 nm due to the dissociative transition from H2 (a3S+g-->b3S+u). The addition of a buffer gas, Helium, makes it possible to increase by 50% the source efficiency
Jérisian, Robert. "Comportement de frittés et de films d'oxyde de titane en présence de mélanges gazeux CO-CO2-O2-Ar hors équilibre thermodynamique : mise au point de capteurs résistifs pour la régulation de combustions." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR4003.
Full textLemetayer, Julien. "Etude par PIV par fluorescence de l’interaction d’un spray avec un écoulement gazeux en aérodynamique contrôlée : application à l’injection directe essence." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0023/document.
Full textTwo-phase flows are involved in numerous actual industrial processes (agriculture, pharmacy, painting...). However, the complex interactions between phases (entrainment, particle trajectory modification, energy transfer...) are not well understood, especially for the gasoline direct injection, which represents the context of this study. For this experimental study, instantaneous dynamics of both phases are studied in a plan to highlight the aerodynamic interactions between phases. To achieve that, a two-phase FPIV diagnostic, based on using a fluorescent dye for each phase, is developed to simultaneously acquire separated images of each phase on two independent cameras. Instantaneous and simultaneous velocities of both phases are measured without any image pre-processing. Firstly, this optical diagnostic is applied to the characterisation of a spray injection in a gas at rest. The spray drags the gas by a momentum transfer from spray to gas. The spray droplet dispersion and the mixture between the two phases, which result from this kinetic energy transfer, depend on the spray topology and the injection pressure. Then, these interactions are studied in a transparent monocylinder engine. The comparison between cycles with and without injection reveals a significant impact of the spray presence on the internal aerodynamic through the development of new structures and the modification of tumble characteristics. The internal aerodynamic also modifies the spray development in comparison to the injection in a gas at rest
Venuti, Nicolas. "Contribution à la conception de la commande d'un moteur à soupapes électromécaniques." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120060.
Full textTalon, Vincent. "Modélisation 0-1D des moteurs à allumage commandé." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2044.
Full textPeron, Ludovic. "Capteurs et stratégies d'estimation-prédiction pour les nouvelles générations de contrôle moteur : application au moteur à allumage commandé." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2049.
Full textSches, Céline. "Analyse du comportement du carburant injecté dans les conduits d'admission des moteurs à allumage commandé à injection multipoint : modélisation et validation expérimentale." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066463.
Full textBoudier, Pascal. "Modélisation de l'initiation et de la propagation d'une flamme turbulente prémélangée par le modèle de flamme cohérente : application au cas du moteur à allumage commandé /." Paris : Ed. Technip, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35511239z.
Full textMaleville, Xavier. "Phénomènes d'oxydation des lubrifiants pour moteurs à essence fonctionnant à haute température /." Paris : Ed. Technip, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35611004x.
Full textDiplôme délivré en association avec l'Ecole nationale supérieure du pétrole et des moteurs. Bibliogr. p. 134-136. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Lu, Zhecheng. "Bilans énergétique et exergétique d'un moteur à allumage commandé." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1442_zlu.pdf.
Full textAstanei, Dragoş-George. "Improving the performances of the combustion engines by improving the ignition system." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2073/document.
Full textFaced with the current and future more and more drastic standards for pollutant emissions, the car manufacturers are permanently trying to improve the efficiency of spark ignition engines. One of the most effective applicable solutions for reducing the quantity of pollutant emissions (HC, CO, NOx) from the exhaust gases and also to reduce the fuel consumption is to operate with very lean mixture (equivalent ratio lower than 0.6). However, this operation concept is limited by the actual ignition systems that cannot assure an air/fuel mixture ignition in good conditions, in order to assure a complete, fast and repeatable combustion. The subject of this thesis consists into developing of a new ignition system based on a double spark plug, which can produce two quasi-simultaneous spark discharges with cumulated length few times higher than the sparks produced by a conventional spark plug. For ignition system validation, three different types of analysis have been considered: the analysis of the discharges electrical parameters, the plasma diagnosis using optical emission spectroscopy methods and the tests of the ignition system on two internal combustion engines with the exhaust gases analysis and engine performances determination. The tests revealed that the utilization of the double spark ignition system can assure a better stability in engine operation (especially in difficult ignition conditions such using very lean mixtures), increased engine performances for the same amount of consumed fuel and it can provide a diminution of the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide quantities from the exhaust gases, but with an increased quantity of nitrogen oxides, compared with a conventional ignition system
Rahmouni, Camal. "Contribution à la caractérisation de la qualité du gaz naturel à partir de ses propriétés physiques." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2011.
Full textAchour, Louiza. "Dynamique et contrôle de la régénération d'un filtre à particules diesel." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1004.
Full textDovifaaz, Xavier. "Modélisation et commande d'un moteur Diesel en vue de la réduction de ses émissions." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0003.
Full textReneme, Yvan. "Post-traitement catalytique des gaz de combustion de moteurs thermiques fonctionnant au gaz naturel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10149/document.
Full textThis investigation deals with the development of noble metal based catalysts for after-treatment systems dedicated to natural gas engines. The high stability of methane implies more elevated running temperatures than in the conventional three-way technology. Deactivation proceeds more rapidly related to thermal sintering and changes in surface composition when Pd and Rh are associated. The impact of such reconstruction has been evaluated on the adsorptive properties of noble metals and the mechanism involved in the activation of methane. The beneficial effect due to Rh incorporation to Pd/Al2O3 preventing agglomeration of Pd was observed as well as a greater stabilization of the adsorptive properties after oxidative thermal treatment. Pd deposition on Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2 was found to improve the thermal stability and activity associated with an enhancement of OSC properties.The catalyst behaviour has also been studied during the cold start engine where the NO/H2 reaction predominates. Theoretical and experimental approaches were compared in order to propose a mechanism where the elementary key is dissociation of NO. Competitive H2/O2 reaction plays an important role regulating the hydrogen surface coverage which assists the dissociation on Rh. This beneficial effect disappears on Pd/Al2O3 due to a H2/O2 reaction much faster than the NO/H2. Finally, alternative catalyst formulations were developed based on perovskite. The potential interest of such materials is related to their ability to stabilize the metal dispersion of noble metals and to improve the oxygen storage capacity particularly when Pd is included in the perovskite lattice rather than deposited by impregnation
Ribaucour, Marc. "Autoinflammation et cliquetis dans les moteurs : étude en machine à compression rapide de l'influence de la structure de l'hydrocarbure sur les délais d'autoinflammation." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10012.
Full textFoucher, Fabrice. "Etude expérimentale de l'interaction flamme-paroi : application au moteur à allumage commandé." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2057.
Full textMoréac, Gladys. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des interactions chimiques entre gaz résiduels et gaz frais dans l'allumage spontané homogène des moteurs à essence." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2006.
Full textBonnet, Patrick. "Contribution a la conception d'un systeme de mesure de gaz d'echappement d'un moteur diesel." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0102.
Full textBoiarciuc, Andrei. "Développement de la technique "Incandescence Induite par Laser" pour caractériser les particules de suies dans un moteur Diesel." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2025.
Full textGiansetti, Pascal. "Contrôle moteur à l'allumage : estimation/prédiction de la masse et de la composition du mélange enfermé dans le cylindre." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2028.
Full textChartrain, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude de l'écoulement dans les circuits de refroidissement des moteurs à explosion." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2276.
Full textNait, Mohand Abderrahmane. "Contribution à l'étude de la combustion dans un moteur gazole-gaz naturel par analyse thermodynamique et par cinématographie rapide." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0022.
Full textAkiki, Rony. "Etude de la recirculation des gaz carter et des gaz d’échappement dans les moteurs à combustion interne." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100197.
Full textIn this project a combination of experiments and simulations is used to study the recirculation of the blow by gas and the exhaust gas in internal combustion engines. These systems were developed to reduce pollutant emissions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR reduces flame temperature, thereby reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Centrifugal oil mist separators present in the crankcase ventilation systems are used to separate oil particles from blow by gas in order to reduce oil consumption and protect the air intake line. A new simultaneous measurement technique of particles sizes and velocities in a field of a few square centimetres was developed. Measurements have been carried out on an experimental set-up developed to simulate the blow by gas and the engine crankcase ventilation system. Analytical software was developed to predict the efficiency and the pressure drop of the swirl tube separator. Theoretical results were compared and validated by experimental results. A new concept of oil mist separator “variable swirl tube separator” adapted to our application was developed. This concept reduces five times the oil consumption coming from the blow by gas in internal combustion engines. To study the air/EGR mixture in the air intake manifold, before the combustion chamber, a new non-intrusive measurement technique was developed in this study. This technique evaluates the homogeneity of the air/EGR mixture and measures the EGR cylinder to cylinder distribution
Rousseau, Stéphane. "Contribution a l'etude du cycle thermodynamique de moteurs de cogeneration fonctionnant au gaz naturel en melange pauvre." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2038.
Full textMaiboom, Alain. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation phénoménologique de l'influence des caractéristiques thermodynamiques et de la composition des gaz d'admission sur la combustion et les émissions d'un moteur diesel automobile." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2142.
Full textIn-cylinder pollutant emissions reduction (NOx and particulate matter (PM) principally) is a major challenge during automotive Diesel engine design. The objective of this work is to characterize inlet gas thermodynamic properties and composition (exhaust gas recirculation) on combustion and pollutant emissions of a Diesel engine. The bibliographic survey gives principal phenomena occurring during direct injection Diesel combustion and pollutant formation, and identifies some models for fuel jet description and combustion. A local experimental study on an optically accessible one cylinder Diesel engine gives some new informations on combustion at low load conditions, for non diluted and diluted conditions, with and without pilot injection, and allow to test and adapt some fuel jet models. These latter are utilized to develop an original multi zone phenomenological combustion model, based on Dec’s description, allowing the evaluation of core spray and flame temperature, as well as lift-off length and corresponding fuel/air ratio. A wide range experimental study is then undertaken on a 2 litre standard Diesel engine, with two exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) loops: a high pressure (HP) one and a low pressure one (LP). The results are analysed with the combustion model. Inlet gas thermodynamic properties and composition are modified separately to isolate the influence of these parameters on combustion (rate of heat release), in particular when utilizing high EGR rates. Various operating points are studied. NOx and PM emissions are the result of complex and sometimes opposite phenomena; explanations are proposed in most cases. Finally, low-NOx / low-PM emissions combustion regimes are described and analysed, and in-cylinder strategies for reducing NOx emissions while maintaining specific fuel consumption and PM emission level are proposed, in particular owing to LP EGR loop
Auzas, Frédéric. "Décharge radiofréquence produite dans les gaz à pression élevée pour le déclenchement de combustion." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112253.
Full textTo comply with the forthcoming anti-pollution norms, it is necessary to exceed the limits of the conventional spark plug. The goal of the present study is the characterization of a radiofrequency (rf) gas discharge promising for automotive combustion applications. Powered by a resonant system and created at the tip of a single pin-electrode the non-equilibrium rf discharge of 100s µs duration appears multi-filamentary and large in volume. The detailed chronology of the rf spark was analyzed in air at atmospheric pressure owing to time-resolved imagery and fast electrical measurements. The different stages of the discharge formation from the breakdown depending on the electrode polarity up to the maintenance of the filaments in space and time are described. At the gas pressure above 3 bars, the discharge appears rather different. An instability assumed to be electrostatic tends to deform the branched structure during the maintenance phase. The thermal confinement of plasma channels is revealed from emission spectroscopic measurements. The ignition of an air-propane mixture by the rf discharge is studied experimentally and simulated numerically. The thermal processes of ignition seem to be of primary importance. The flame kernel correlated to the structure of the discharge leads to an ignited volume much more important compared with the conventional arc discharge. This study shows the real alternative the rf discharge can be for fuel engine ignition
Garnier, Sébastien. "Etude des paramètres influençant l'allumage de type "moteurs à allumage commandé"." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2049.
Full textTruquet, Rémy. "Variations cycliques et dégagements de chaleur : analyse et voies de controle." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT065H.
Full textBenoit, Laurent. "Prédiction des instabilités thermoacoustiques dans les turbines à gaz." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20044.
Full textGeorjon, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions gouttelettes-gaz dans un écoulement diphasique de type jet diesel." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0027.
Full textCollura, Salvatore. "Réactivité des suies diesel en atmosphères oxydantes." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Collura.Salvatore.SMZ0410.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to study the reactivity of diesel exhaust soot under oxidizing conditions. The two studied diesel soot are collected from the same motor bench. This survey appears in a project titled "modelling of a catalysed diesel particulate filter" in which several laboratories (LTAC Metz, LRS Paris VI and LCA Saint-Avold) had collaborated with an industrial partner (Renault SA). Firstly, the soot samples have been characterized by various analytic techniques in order to determine their structural and chemical characteristics as well as their thermal behaviour. We also put in evidence the existence of an interaction between soot and adsorbed compounds during thermal treatment in inert atmosphere (formation of a microporous carbonaceous layer). Concerning the reactivity of non catalysed soot under air, the kinetic parameters have been determined thanks to thermogravimetric analyses. The values obtained for the combustion of the carbonaceous matrix are near for all soot samples (Ea = 140-170 kJ. Mol-1, n ~ 0. 25, nO2 ~ 0. 72). Nor the quantity of soluble organic fraction (SOF), volatile organic fraction (VOF), the mineral inclusions and the thermal treatment seems to influence the combustion process. The effect of a Pt/ZrO2-CeO2 catalyst on the oxidization of soot under air and under a mixture containing 10 % of oxygen and 700 ppm of NO2/Ar has been studied by thermogravimetry. For the catalysed reaction, the activation energy decreases and the order of the reaction of soot (n) increases. There is a change of reaction mechanism. In the case of the reaction under air, it seems that contact between soot and catalyst is necessary whereas in presence of NO2 the catalyst is active even without contact. Finally, the formation of the reaction intermediates (R-NOx) created during the reaction of soot with NO2 has been put forward by thermogravimetry. The nature of these compounds has been determined by infrared spectrometry in agreement with the literature results. Some possible formation and decomposition mechanisms of these species have been proposed thanks to the analysis of gases obtained during soot-NO2 reaction and the thermodesorption of the R-NOx and ROx formed
Shah, Samiur Rahman. "Etude expérimentale et thermodynamique de l'injection d'eau à l'admission d'un moteur diesel automobile pour la réduction à la source des émissions polluantes." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01207643.
Full textThe pollutant emission reduction of automotive Diesel engine has become a difficult challenge during the last decade. NOx after-treatment is still complex and expensive, thus in cylinder reduction remains of interest. For that purpose, there are some well established technologies, such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The aim of this study is to evaluate water injection at the engine intake, which is already in use on some industrial engines. First a bibliographic survey is presented. State of the art Diesel combustion and corresponding pollutant emissions descriptions and analyses are summarized. Previous studies on water injection are then detailed: the various techniques of water injection are described and compared, in particular, their effects on combustion and emissions. The experimental setup is then presented. This includes the engine itself as well as the water injection system with a short history of its development to its present, stable, form. Measurement methods are also explained and detailed. Following that, thermodynamic relations are developed to describe liquid water mixing with the intake air and its evaporation. They are used to evaluate the quantities of vaporised water in the intake track and eventually inside the cylinder, during intake and compression strokes. Finally, the results obtained on the engine test bench with the water injection system are presented. These results are analysed and compared to both baseline operating points and also to low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation. In light of the obtained test results, conclusions are drawn discussing the different effects of water injection on diesel engine combustion and emissions
Jeanne, Benoît. "Etude par diagnostics optiques de l'impact d'une très haute pression d'injection sur le fonctionnement d'un moteur à injection directe essence." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES058.
Full textDue to the difficulties encountered in the development of gasoline direct injection engines, PSA Peugeot Citroën has recently proposed a new concept called "very high injection pressure". Its purpose is to enhance fuel-air mixture formation by using high injection pressure up to 1000 bars. In order to investigate the effect of this high injection pressure on engine performances, an analysis of the properties of injection system and sprays has been carried out using a pressurized cell. Then, the very high pressure injection system has been tested on an optical engine with the aim of studying combustion and fuel-air mixing within the combustion chamber. In both cases, various optical diagnoses set-up have been used in order to enable physical comprehension of injection and combustion processes in the particular case of very high injection pressure
Marc, Daniel. "Étude expérimentale de la compression d'un écoulement de rouleau : situation modèle de l'aérodynamique interne des moteurs à pistons." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT013H.
Full textCosta, Isabelle Da. "Étude cinétique de réactions de composés monoaromatiques en tube à onde de choc et en réacteur parfaitement agité." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01750303.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thanh Xuan. "Etude physico-chimique de la formation et de l'évolution des particules dans la ligne d'échappement des véhicules : Modélisation et expérimentation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13173.
Full textOllivier, Eric. "Contribution à la caractérisation des transferts thermiques dans les moteurs à allumage commandé : application à la détection du cliquetis." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2135.
Full textKnock is an obstacle in the development of small displacement and turbocharged engines. It is also an impediment to the use of natural gas as an alternative to the petroleum as fuel in steady applications dedicated to the production of electricity or combined heat and power. This phenomenon results from the auto-ignition of the end gas in the cylinder. Knock enhances the heat losses during the cycle and, if durable, can lead to the destruction of the engine. This work aims at developing a non intrusive method to detect durable knock. It is based on the measurement of two temperatures which are influenced by the effect of knock on the energy balance of the engine. The first one is the exhaust gas temperature. The decrease of the latest due to the disturbed combustion and of the rise of the heat losses during the cycle has been quantified by the use of a “one zone” thermodynamic model. The second is a wall temperature which strong elevation has been quantified by a conductive heat transfer model in the combustion chamber walls. The analysis of their conjugated evolution lead to the establishment of a non intrusive method to detect knock. The concept, which is validated on a test bench, enables the distinction of the knocking tunings of the engine and to calculate the intensity of knock. This technique requires a simple and robust metrology which is easy to use industrial context
Leroy, Thomas. "Cylinder filing control of variable-valve-actuation equipped internal combustion engines." Paris, ENMP, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00506471.
Full textThe production of torque and pollutants of Variable Valve Actuation equipped internal combustion engines found in the automotive industry (both Diesel and gasoline engines) is studied. Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) is a technology which has been introduced to optimize engine efficiency at steady-states covering a wide range of operating conditions. In more details, the outcome of the internal combustion engine (torque and pollutant) depends on the cylinder filling at each stroke which, itself, depends on the VVA positions and the engine intake manifold conditions. These two subsystems have inconsistent response times which results in efficiency losses during transient operations. In this manuscript, a remedy for this issue which takes the form of coordination loops of low-level controllers is proposed. This coordination uses a cylinder filling model, designed in the thesis. Experimental results prove that torque production and pollutant emissions can be improved