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1
Fowler, Kenneth Ray. "The mother of all wars : a critical interpretation of Bertolt Brecht's Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37527.
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This dissertation interprets Brecht's Mutter Courage through its protagonist. Most interpreters have derived Courage's meaning from only one term of the contradiction of merchant and mother that constitutes her, either blaming the inhuman, war-mongering merchant for her participation in war, or defending the vital, productive, and nurturing mother for that same (unavoidable) participation. Some have stressed instead the unity formed by Courage's contradiction, without being able to elucidate its meaning. The present interpretation, proceeding from a clue given in scene 7 to the meaning of the text, draws parallels between the drama and Brecht's view of the world, and shows that the world of Mutter Courage is the symbolic representation of capitalism as Brecht knew it during the rise of fascism and the approach of the Second World War. Courage is then shown to be a concentrated form of this symbolic representation; indeed, she turns out to be a representation of capitalism in its "totality". This representation is inseparable from the invocation, through Courage, of the Great Mother archetype. The Great Mother describes a contradictory capitalism that is both a Good Mother in its promising productivity, and a Terrible Mother in its destructive warring and oppression; but she, as the symbol of Nature, also describes a capitalism that had begun to seem even to Brecht like a second Nature. Courage also represents the totality of capitalism (as the Marxist Brecht saw it) by embodying both its "affirmative" aspect (as a merchant who engenders soldiering sons), and (undermining the archetype of the Great Mother) its "critical" aspect as the representation of the resistance of the oppressed to their warring world (as the outlaw who engenders a daughter who rebels against war). The meaning of the drama, then, is the story of Courage as the incarnation of the dialectic of capitalism, a dark tale whose conditions seem eternal, but which contains the promise of something bet
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Fowler, Kenneth Ray. "The mother of all wars, a critical interpretation of Bertolt Brecht's Mutter courage und ihre kinder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44651.pdf.
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Willcuts, Bradley. "Devising, Revising and Rehearsing in a 30 Year War." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3865.
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Abstract
DEVISING, REFINING, AND REHEARSAL IN A 30 YEAR WAR
By Bradley Harris Willcuts, M.F.A.
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of
Fine Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015
Thesis Chair: David Leong
Devising, Refining and Rehearsing in a 30 Year War is an account of the process
of developing movement and choreography for the production of Mother Courage and
her Children at Arena Stage in Washington D.C. It was my largest project during the
two years I spent at Virginia Commonwealth University studying an MFA. The title
reflects the chronological process that my mentor, director, and colleague David Leong
and I went through to produce the work that earned a Helen Hayes Nomination for
Outstanding Choreography in a Play. The show starred Kathleen Turner and was
directed by acclaimed artistic director of the Arena Stage, Molly Smith. The demands of
the work not only had serious responsibilities, but they also asked for a higher caliber of
iv
work than I had ever been a part of before. It proved to be the single most influential
theatrical experience of my career.
The movement work needed to be approached with great research and merit
due to the highly stylized nature of the project and the national acclaim for it’s opening.
This thesis documents that process and the successful outcome of the work which
David Leong and I spent over 8 months on.
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Mottram, Alicli Sanem. "Aging Mother &." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1218841/index.pdf.
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Using qualitative analysis, this thesis analyzes intergenerational support, conflict, and ambivalence between aging mothers and their middle aged adult daughters. In-depth interviews with 30 mother-daughter pairs explored respondents’
relationship history, changes in the relationship over the life course (childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, marriage of daughter, parenthood of daughter, widowhood of mother), social network composition, frequency of contact, expectations, type and frequency of intergenerational support, intimacy, compliance, conflict or disagreement, and comparison of self with the other party in terms of parenting styles and filial behaviors. Moreover, similarities and differences in the personalities of mother-daughter dyads were investigated from both mothers and daughters perspective. Participants reported that, there is an ample amount of intergenerational support between aging mothers and their adult daughters. Conflicts between mother-daughter pairs arise from interference, irritating personality traits and behaviors and differing views. Daughters experience more ambivalent feelings than mothers in their relationship. Both parties employ passive and secondary relationship maintenance tactics with the goal of preserving relationship harmony. Three distinct types of mother-daughter relationship emerged: close/peaceful, ambivalent and distant. Mother-daughter relationships have undergone transformations with life stages: daughters&
#8217
marriage, daughters&
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parenthood, mothers&
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aging and declining health and mothers&
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widowhood. Effects of certain historical events and social changes emerged from the study. The research findings were discussed with reference to Turkish cultural characteristics and they were compared with Western research findings.
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Lau, Ai Shibazaki. "Japanese Mothers' Parenting Styles with Preschool-Age Children." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1395.pdf.
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Sheets, Natalie J. "Single Mothers and Religiosity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2356.
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This study examines single mothers compared to coupled mothers and the differences in their public and private practices of religiosity. Data come from the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 2007 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey. The study explores the influence of marital status between single and coupled mothers by using regression models to control for income, age, education, and race. Findings suggest that, while there are differences in single and coupled mothers in both their public and private practices of religiosity, the cause of these differences is being driven by other social factors rather than marital status alone. Income, age, education, and race account for most of the differences between single and coupled mother’s religious practices.
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Garber, Andrea R. "The Transmission of Alcohol Use from Mother to Child: A Life-Course Perspective." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1342458908.
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Jiumpanyarach, Waruesporn. "SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES IN BANGKOK, THAILAND: FACTORS AFFECTING CHILDREN LIVING IN SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/1.
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There has been a transformation in family structure in Thailand due to the changes in economic and social structures over time. Though not recorded in census data the rise in single-parent families can be expected due to a rise in divorce rates, that have been recorded, over the past decades. However, the literature on single-parent families is limited and little is known about the experiences of single-mothers and children of singlemother families in Thailand. This study examines the factors that have major impacts on the well-being of children of single-parent families in Bangkok, Thailand.
A qualitative methodology was employed to study the lived experiences from the point of views of 20 divorced single-mothers and 20 adult children from a different sample of divorced single-mother families in Bangkok, Thailand. Altogether 40 semistructured interviews were conducted in Bangkok, Thailand during June and July of 2010. Three theoretical frameworks, including family and household decision making theories, the life-course perspective, and the family composition perspective were applicable in this study to provide an understanding of how economic and social structures play an important role in the dissolution of marriages and how family composition plays an important role in the well-being of children.
The findings of this study shed light on the lived experiences of participants and revealed the important factors that influence the well-being of children of single-mother families. The major factors include financial resources, parenting styles and discipline, and social supports. In addition, this study has implications for developing programs to assist and facilitate the well-being of single-parent families, strengthening the relationship within extended families, and eradicating the negative assumptions that are often associated with single-parent families.
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Kirtland, Debra Dee. "Early familial misogyny: Its impact on attachment security and later caregiving behaviors." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3301.
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The purpose of this study was to look at the impact of early misogynistic treatment of females on subsequent attachment security and the quality of the later caregiving of their own children. A Misogyny Scale was created for use in this study.
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Miskin, Marsha R. "Facilitating Higher Education for Poor Single Mothers." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2869.pdf.
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Harris, Kimberly Kay. "Single Mothers by Choice: A Nontraditional Alternative to Mothering." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625484.
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Etienne, Toneka R. "The Evolution of the African American Mother-Daughter Relationship: A Grounded Theory Study." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1072.
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The mother-daughter relationship holds a special place in the lives of African American women, given the rich history of women of African descent and the complexities of female relationships. However, few studies have discussed the evolution of this relationship and what it means in the lives of African American mothers and daughters. Using relational-cultural theory (RCT) and Black feminist theory, this qualitative grounded theory study described the experiences and evolution of the African American mother-daughter relationship. A sample of 10 mother-daughter dyads was interviewed together about their relationship. Research questions addressed how African American mothers and daughters define, maintain, and value their relationships with one another. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Themes generated from the data included the relationship undergoing ups and downs, including changes and fluctuations as the pair maintains an enduring bond; unconditional love; legacy; ongoing support; care; learning and spending time together; the role of communication; being available; and mutual acceptance. The results provide insight into the unique evolution of the African American mother-daughter relationship and provide a theoretical foundation for understanding how this relationship develops, evolves, and is maintained. Mental health clinicians who read this study may gain greater awareness of and sensitivity toward African American mother-daughter relationships, as well as insight into how these fluid relationships function. By applying this knowledge to their practice, they may support clients' healthy personal development and interpersonal growth.
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Weber, Claudia. "The Play of Visually Impaired Preschoolers With Their Mothers." DigitalCommons@USU, 1991. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2378.
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This thesis answers the following questions: (a) Is the Play Assessment Scale a true measure of development? (b) Does the mother have a significant, positive influence on the child's level of development? (c) Does the mother's interactional style influence the child's development as measured by the Play Assessment Scale and the Battelle Developmental Inventory? The subjects were 13 visually impaired preschoolers. Development was measured with the Play Assessment Scale and the Battelle Developmental Inventory. Maternal interactional style was assessed with the Parent / Caregiver Involvement Scale. The study indicated that the Play Assessment Scale is a valid, reliable measure of development in the preschool child. Mother was able to significantly raise the child's developmental level through play. And, maternal interaction style appeared to be sensitive to the child's level of development . To highlight the developmental importance of interaction in the context of play, an interactive paradigm was used to answer the three questions posed by the study.
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Kinser, Amber E. "Mothers and Daughters: The Conversations Continue." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1254.
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Stone, Sarah Ann Ahlander. "The Infant Orienting Response as it Relates to Mother-Infant Co-regulation and Attachment." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2894.
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This study examined the relationship between 6-month old infants' orienting response to maternal arm-restraint (as measured by bradycardia), the quality of mother-infant communication at 6 and 9 months (as measured by the Relational Coding System) and attachment at 12 months (as measured by the Strange Situation Procedure). As positive mother-infant communication increases, the chances the infant will experience bradycardia increases. As negative mother-infant communication increases, the chances that the infant will experience bradycardia decreases. For mothers and infants who have more positive communication patterns, orienting response to the maternal arm-restraint suggests that maternal disruption of infant activity was a novel experience for them. This study suggests that mother infant interactions create an expected pattern of behavior for infants. When these expectations are violated, the infant has a physiological reaction that suggests increased attention to the disrupted interaction. Bradycardia at 6 months was not related to attachment at 12 months; however, considering both the physiology and environment of the infant, dyadic positive and negative interactions affect the quality of the mother-infant relationship several months later.
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Gable, Sarah Elizabeth. "An Investigation of Stability, Change, and Observed Associations during Infant-Mother Face-to-Face Interaction." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2502.
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Researchers of social development during infancy have long viewed social competence as a reflection of the infant's experiences during early social interactions. In this context of social interaction, the infant's earliest developmental task involves the ability to regulate arousal; with continued development and the accumulation of interactional experiences, the infant takes a more active role as an initiator/elicitor of interaction. A particularly salient type of social exchange during infancy occurs when mother and infant engage in face-to-face interaction. Consequently, it was the goal of this study to examine maternal and infant behavior in the context of face-to-face interaction in order to: 1) identify those maternal behaviors that promote the infant's capacity to regulate arousal and subsequently act as a competent interactive partner; and 2) examine the extent to which early social development proceeds in a continuous manner.
Thirty-one infant-mother dyads were videotaped in two 3-minute episodes of face-to-face interaction at 1 and 4 months. The first episode involved spontaneous face-to-face interaction; the second episode involved an attention-getting manipulation of maternal behavior. Maternal and infant interactive behaviors were coded for each episode at both ages. No significant differences were found in maternal or infant behavior across episodes, thus allowing for the data to be pooled. Significant findings regarding maternal behavior included the following: maternal interactive behavior was found to remain stable across time at the individual and normative levels; maternal behavior was positively associated with infant behavior at both ages; and maternal silence during infant gaze aversion was predictive of infant regulation of arousal. Conversely, infant behavior did not remain stable across time, at either the individual or normative level, thus suggesting that infants are changing. A most revealing association was discovered between 1-month maternal physical activity and 4-month infant regulation of arousal, suggesting that maternal behavior may have long-range effects on infant social competence. Consequently, from these findings, it has been suggested that maternal intrusive behaviors (e.g., physical activity, silence during infant gaze aversion) are focal in infant regulation of arousal and subsequent interactive competence.
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Moe, Sondra. "Parenting Stress and Social Support Among Married and Divorced At-Risk Mothers." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2596.
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The stress parents feel affects how they fulfill their roles as parents and their own psychological well-being. Social support has been shown to help parents deal with the demands of their parenting roles while maintaining psychological health. Compared to married parents, divorced mothers are most at risk for parenting stress and negative feelings of well-being. Low-income can add further to the levels of stress in parenting and increase the need for sources of social support.
This study compared low-income divorced mothers to low-income married mothers. It explored mothers' perceptions of the stresses of parenting and feelings of wellbeing in relation to their use of social support resources. Results indicated that divorced mothers who used informal sources of social support (i.e., relatives or fiiends) were more likely to feel in control of their lives and have a more positive perception of their preschool child. On the other hand, married mothers who used formal sources of social support (i.e., agencies or professionals) felt more positive about interactions with their children and felt less distress in their parenting roles.
This study also looked at social support as a moderating variable interacting with marital status to affect feelings of well-being and parenting stress. Social support as a moderating variable was not supported for this sample. It was concluded that researchers must be careful in selecting an instrument used to measure the concept of social support. To assist in clarification of the effects of social support on stress and psychological well-being. measures should encompass not only how often social support is used and the sources of support but also the types and quality of the support received.
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Lab, Frédéric. "Comment "réhabiliter" le demi-fond pour motiver les élèves à courir ?" Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1021.
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Partant du constat que la course de durée scolaire, malgré son omniprésence dans les programmations en EPS, posait des problèmes récurrents au plan de la motivation et de l’investissement des élèves, ce travail propose une analyse de leurs causes et des pistes de re-médiations. L’étude des « Pratiques Sociales de Référence » (Martinand 1986) sur lesquelles se fonde le traitement didactique de l’activité nous amène à affiner et confirmer notre problématique et nos hypothèses de travail. Nous pensons que les élèves pourraient s’investir davantage en course de durée si cette activité n’était pas en décalage important avec le demi-fond. « Réhabiliter » cette pratique athlétique à travers la remise au goût du jour de certains aspects mis de côté à l’école comme les confrontations directes individuelles ou collectives, les défis, les relais et donc la coopération ou encore le travail technique, stratégique et tactique…nous semble être un moyen intéressant pour proposer des contenus propres à ranimer la motivation des élèves et leur permettre ainsi des acquisitions réelles. Pour ce faire, nous proposons de comparer deux démarches d’enseignement de la course de durée en vue de préparer un 1 500 mètres : - l’une classique basée sur un développement individualisé de la VMA et de la régularité comme modèle de gestion de l’effort ; - l’autre « alternative » proposant en plus, dans les tâches motrices, des organisations mettant en avant les aspects stratégiques, tactiques et techniques. Notre expérimentation s’est déroulée en deux temps. Une première phase dans des conditions « aménagées » avec des étudiants de DEUG STAPS sur un cycle long. Une seconde phase avec des lycéens et des collégiens sur un cycle adapté aux conditions scolaires (7 leçons). Les résultats relativement quantitatifs et les conclusions tirées de la première expérimentation ont servis de base pour la seconde qui constitue une validation en condition réelle de la démarche. Ainsi, après une « validation écologique locale », nous avons ouvert la voie vers une « validation externe » de notre démarche (Bouthier & Durey 1994). De nombreuses interrogations et limites demeurent, mais il apparaît clairement que notre approche est réalisable dans les conditions scolaires et semble donner des résultats tout à fait satisfaisants en termes d’acquisitions et d’investissement. Elle permet surtout en définitive de poser la question de la validité des propositions de rénovation des contenus en course de durée et ouvre quelques perspectives intéressantes dans cette voieDespite a strong presence in PE programs, the « school stamina running » generates recurring problems regarding students motivation & personal investment. The objective of this study is to analyze the reasons of such problems & build proposal to solve them. Studying the “Social Practice of reference” (Martinand, 1986) on which is built the didactic approach leads us to fine tune & confirm our hypothesis. We tend to think that the students could invest themselves deeper in the middle-distance running if the teaching approach was closer to the actual practice in use at competition level. We think that an interesting way to propose education contents able to trigger student motivation & allow true progress would be to rehabilitate the middle-distance running through an update of some components of the teaching as competing individually or collectively, relay race, technical aspects, strategy, tactics… To achieve our goal, we propose to compare two different teaching methods for middle-distance running with a 1500 m race preparation as target : - a “classical” approach based on Maximal Aerobic Speed development and regularity as an effort management individual model ; - an « alternative » approach adding organisation highlighting strategic, tactical & technical aspects in the physical exercise. Our experiment was built in 2 steps. In the 1st phase we worked with DEUG STAPS students in specifically adapted conditions (duration, lessons number, specialized teachers). Then in the 2nd phase we worked with on a cycle adapted to actual teaching conditions, in 7 lessons. Quantitative results & conclusions from the 1st experiment have built the ground for the 2nd phase whose objective was to validate the approach in actual conditions. Through this process, after a « local ecologist validation », we crosschecked our approach through an “external validation” (Bouthier & Durey 1994). Some questions remain open, but we have shown that our approach is realistic in the actual scholar environment. It seems that it gives satisfactory results as what concerns the acquisition & investment. Finally it highlights the question regarding a teaching content review for middle-distance running, opening some interesting perspectives to achieve it
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Cambronne, Jean-Pascal. "Moteur asynchrone alimenté par un onduleur de courant à MLI." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10146.
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Dans l'association onduleur de courant machine asynchrone, l'alternance des sources n'est pas respectée puisque le moteur doit être considère comme un récepteur instantané de courant. En connnectant les condensateurs en parallèle sur le moteur, le récepteur obtenu est un récepteur instantané de tension. Le convertisseur n'est compose alors que d'interrupteurs et une commande a mli peut être envisagée. Pour les harmoniques de courant crées par le convertisseur, l'association machine asynchrone condensateurs se comporte comme un filtre du deuxième ordre du a la mise en parallèle du condensateur et l'inductance totale de fuites de la machine. Les angles de découpage du motif mli sont détermines en vue d'une minimisation du taux d'harmoniques pondérés des courants qui alimentent la machine, tout en prenant compte les contraintes apportées par la topologie du circuit. Les courants absorbes par le moteur sont alors quasi-sinusoïdaux et les tensions correspondantes le sont également, ce qui évite le déclassement de la machine. Pour le fondamental du courant crée par le convertisseur, un auto-amorçage de la machine sur les condensateurs peut se produire. Une régulation, basée sur le principe de la commande a flux oriente, permet de gérer au mieux les échanges d'énergie réactive entre le convertisseur, le moteur et les condensateurs, éliminant ainsi les phénomènes lies a l'auto excitation
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Wilson, April Eden. "MOTHER AND CHILD RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT FROM AN ADULT CHILD PERSPECTIVE: "THE FORGOTTEN VOICES"." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/146.
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These days most everyone can say that they know someone who has been impacted by substance abuse and today’s society is very familiar with the fact that it can wreak havoc on families. There has been a significant amount of research devoted to finding not only the best practices to treat families who are impacted by the disease of addiction but there has also been a great deal of attention focused on the adult perspective on these services once they have been received. Where the research is definitely lacking is how the children involved with the services perceive their own involvement. How are their lives impacted by being involved in treatment with their caretaker? The children seem to be the forgotten voices in this scenario.
This study focuses on the adult/child perspective of children who have experienced at least one residential treatment episode with their mothers. The sample came from a long-term residential drug treatment facility that is primary focused on treating families impacted by substance abuse. These adult children experienced treatment with their mothers before they were 12 years old. They will share their perspectives on this experience.
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Graff, Tyler C. "Married Mothers' Multiple Roles: Implications for Cardiovascular Health." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8950.
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In recent years, the traditional nuclear family, as defined by social role theory with mother at home and father in the workplace, is no longer the norm. Nearly three out of every four women with children under the age of 18 are part of the workforce. Mothers are frequently juggling multiple roles as well as most of the responsibilities that are inherent in these roles. The current project examined diurnal ambulatory blood pressure influences associated with the responsibility of having a greater number of roles. We investigate differences between a self-reported healthy population of 112 married stay-at-home and 112 married employed mothers, all of whom have children under the age of 18 currently living in the home. Using a mixed multilevel model analysis, we found that the perception of equity in the division of childcare responsibilities between mothers and their husbands significantly contributed to lower systolic ambulatory blood pressure. We also found that married couples in relationships containing high positivity and low negativity had lower systolic ambulatory blood pressure than those which contained simultaneously high positivity and negativity. Additionally, there was a crossover interaction between these variables such that effect of relationship quality on both systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure was moderated by the perception of equity in the division of childcare responsibilities between spouses. Lastly, we found that there were no ambulatory blood pressure differences between the employed and SAH mother conditions. These findings have applicable implications regarding dynamics and processes within marital relationships. These results demonstrate important social and relational influences on mothers' cardiovascular health.
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Sandweg, Ginger S. "Maternal Involvement in Preschoolers' Sexuality Education: A Comparison of Single and Married Mothers." DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2741.
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This study examined the responses to a sexuality education questionnaire completed by 30 single mothers and 43 married mothers with preschool-aged children. Chi-square analyses were used to examine differences between married mothers and single mothers; mothers of males and mothers of females; and married mothers of males, married mothers of females, single mothers of males and single mothers of females. Age at which their preschool children first exhibited behaviors, frequency of that behavior, and comfort level of mothers' responses to those behaviors were addressed for each topic: male-female differences, reproduction and birth, privacy or modesty, taboo or obscene words, genital play, and sexual exploration play.
Very few statistically significant differences were apparent in the comparisons that were made. Married mothers were more comfortable than single mother in responding to their child's questions about male-female differences and their child's use of taboo or obscene words. In addition, some interesting trends emerged. For instance, mothers tended to ex press more comfort when responding to hypothetical situations than when responding to actual situations. Questions about male-female differences, reproduction and birth, and privacy or modesty were responded to more frequently than questions about taboo or obscene words, genital play, or sexual exploration play. Moreover, maternal observation of behaviors that appeared to be more sensitive (and less comfortable, such as taboo or obscene words, genital play, and sexual exploration play) was lower than observation of less sensitive behaviors (male-female differences, privacy or modesty, and reproduction and birth). The implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
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Langenbrunner, Mary R., and P. White-Blanton. "The Phenomenology of Mothers’ and Fathers’ Perceptions of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Parenting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3466.
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Winston, Tierra. "Perceptions of Educational Accountability Among Single African American Mothers." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3480.
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The construct of educational accountability formally originated in 2001 as a means to improve education standards by holding teachers accountable for student academic progress; however, the definition of educational accountability for parents continues to be illusive. The purpose of this generic, qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of educational accountability among single, African American mothers of high school-aged children. The research question asked about how the beliefs of educational accountability among single African American mothers related to any involvement in their children's education. Azjen's theory of planned behavior, which outlines the relation of intention to action, was the framework used to analyze the attitudes and perceived behavior control of the participants regarding parental involvement. Data collected from one-on-one interviews with 5 single African American mothers were transcribed and analyzed using manual open coding and thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the mothers' intentions to be more involved in their children's education played a significant role in the outcome of their children's academic success, whether or not they were actively present in the school. Parental involvement may be explained by the overall socialization of children toward these intentions. It is recommended that educational institutions explore alternate options of parental involvement tailored to meet the needs of parents to be involved. This study contributes to social change by informing educators and African American families to collaborate to instill positive involvement in children's' educational planning.
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Gutfrind, Christophe. "Optimisation des actionneurs électromécaniques de la boucle d'air d'un moteur thermique." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966937.
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Les travaux de thèse présentent une étude comparative d'actionneurs électromécaniques à course limitée régulant la position d'un obturateur dans une boucle d'air d'un moteur thermique. Les normes européennes sur la limitation des rejets polluants imposent de nouveaux besoins sur les performances dynamiques et mécaniques des actionneurs. Un état de l'art sur la boucle d'air des moteurs thermiques montre que deux topologies d'actionnements sont devenus majoritaires : l'une se compose d'un moteur à courant continu (MCC) à balais et d'une transmission de puissance par engrenage, l'autre est une machine sans balais à entraînement direct sur l'obturateur. La description de ces topologies montre une approche multiphysique utilisant la mécanique, l'électricité, le magnétisme, la thermique et l'automatique. À l'aide d'un cahier des charges, quatre architectures magnétiques de machines à entraînement direct ont été modélisées et optimisées en régime linéaire. Chaque machine est constituée d'aimants permanents au rotor et d'un circuit magnétique à dents polaires bobinées. De ces quatre machines, une d'entre elles est choisie sur le critère de la performance de couple par unité de volume en vu d'être optimiser sur le critère de la consommation minimale de l'énergie électrique. Pour jauger des résultats obtenus, la topologie MCC avec un réducteur à engrenage à deux étages de réduction est paramétrée et optimisée avec les mêmes contraintes et le même objectif. Les méthodes présentées associent les contraintes physiques et dynamiques sur le dimensionnement de l'actionneur et évoluent vers une optimisation de l'ensemble actionneur, électronique de puissance et loi de commande.
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Carreon-Bailey, Rebecca Socorro. "Influences of maternal parenting behaviors: Maternal mental health, attachment history and eduction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2989.
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Studies have found that the type of parenting a child receives affects his or her subsequent development. This study investigates the relative influence of maternal parenting behavior and the impact of multiple variables influencing the quality of mothers' parenting behaviors. This knowledge will help to understand how early attachment experiences impact future parenting behavior.
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Muir, Katelyn E. "Saving Mothers: Reducing Maternal Mortality and Correcting the Course of Birth in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/434.
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Every year roughly 350,000 women die during childbirth, primarily from preventable causes. The developing world accounts for the majority of this number, and in many regions maternal mortality rates are currently increasing despite the advancements our world has seen in the past decades. Maternal mortality has become a global issue, with international initiatives being launched around the globe. However, this problem hits closer to home than many Americans may know. The United States has the highest GDP in the world, yet it has only the 48th lowest maternal mortality rate. In addition, the past decade has seen our national maternal mortality rate increase rather than decrease. Throughout my study I explore why the United States is not a safer nation for women to give birth in considering our status as a wealthy, developed nation. In doing so I expose the problems inherent in the American medical system and the roots of those problems in larger cultural and social issues. Beneath this is an examination of the history of midwifery in the United States and an argument for increased use of midwives by American mothers and increased collaboration between midwives and the American medical system.
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Abraham, Kristen M. "When Mom has a Serious Mental Illness: The Mother-Young Adult Relationship, Caregiving, and Psychosocial Adjustment." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1287965059.
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Andersen, Kimberly Grace. "Employment and Happiness Among Mormon and Non-Mormon Mothers in Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1993. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,3902.
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Taylor, Wade. "Predicting Marital Discord and Depression in Early Head Start Mothers: A Step Toward Marriage and Family Therapy Collaboration." DigitalCommons@USU, 2001. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2713.
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The American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) recently sponsored Head Start-Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) program partnerships. MFT programs can begin building similarly successful collaborative partnerships with Early Head Start (EHS) programs through using all or portions of this research study. This study has been dedicated to describing the occurrence, co-occurrence, and predictive characteristics of marital discord and depression in families served by EHS programs. This identification of at-risk families can then be used to bolster existing treatment efforts, develop new maritally based interventions, and facilitate increased referrals.
Marital discord and depression are two often interrelated problems EHS mothers are at increased risk to face because they have low incomes and very young children (up to age three). Previous research has demonstrated the negative effects of marital discord and maternal depression on child, adult, and family development. Research with various married samples has further identified variables predictive of marital discord and depression. It was the aim of this study to reexamine these predictors and test couple measures to find the most effective identifying variables.
Cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal research analyses were conducted from surveys with 148 EHS married mothers and their spouses to answer specific research questions. In general, results revealed that EHS married mothers were (a) slightly less depressed and maritally discordant than what might be expected of lower income parents, (b) more prone to experiencing these problems the more children they had, and (c) more accurately identified by considering couple data, which included similarity in earlier marital discord, earlier depression, religious activity, attachment attitudes or demographic variables. The limitations of this study included weaknesses in measurement and analytic procedures largely resulting from the use of data originally organized at a national level with Jess complementary purposes in mind. In the future research should address the limitations and incorporate the findings of this study into development and testing of theoretically driven marital interventions in EHS samples. Systemic implications and managing ethical concerns of using the proposed marital interventions in EHS- MFT collaborative effort are also discussed.
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Gurko, Krista L. "Socioeconomic Status Influence on Mothers’ Interactions with Infants: Contributions to Early Infant Development." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7080.
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Children from different socioeconomic backgrounds often have different long-term outcomes in terms of school, language, and emotional wellbeing. At this time, no reasons for these differences have been agreed upon by experts across disciplines. Parents with different personal characteristics and life situations use different types and amounts of interactions with their infants. The social interactions infants experience during their first year of life provide the start of their developmental path in the areas of language and executive control while also guiding their expectations for interactions with people around them.
This study used previously unpublished data from a sample of 79 young infants, age 3 to 9 months, and their mothers. There was a set of five research questions. The first question guided exploration of how socioeconomic status (SES; represented by maternal education and family income) was associated with the parenting behaviors mothers used with their infants. The second question guided exploration of how mothers’ psychosocial resources (represented by child development knowledge and parenting stress) were associated with the parenting behaviors mothers used with their infants. The third question addressed whether associations between maternal education and parenting behavior were directly connected or if the amount of child development knowledge influenced the association. The fourth question addressed whether associations between family income and parenting behavior were directly connected or if the amount of mothers’ parenting stress influenced the association. The final question addressed whether associations between mothers’ psychosocial parenting resources and infant development were directly connected or if the associations were instead connected by mothers’ psychosocial resources.
During a single home visit with each mother and her young infant, the research visitor assessed infant development, video recorded the mother and infant playing during a free play session, and asked mothers to fill out questionnaires. Project questionnaires addressed mothers’ education and family income as well as their levels of child development knowledge and parenting stress. None of the findings directly related to the five hypotheses were statistically significant. However, follow-up analyses provided information about potential future directions for investigating the links between SES, parenting interactions, and infant competencies using smaller categories of education and income levels. These findings from follow-up questions may guide potential future directions for identifying SES and psychosocial influences on early parenting interaction behaviors and young infants’ early development.
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Kinser, Amber E. "Book Review of Mothers and Daughters: Complicated Connections Across Cultures." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1240.
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Excerpt: As both a daughter to a mother and a mother to a daughter, I have lived, and pushed against, and been formed by, the profound truth about mother-daughter relationships suggested by this book's title: it's complicated.
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LaGraff, Melissa R. "Exploring Work-Family Guilt: Mothers vs. Fathers and Its Influence on Parenting Practices." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2019/schedule/27.
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One emotion experienced by working parents is guilt, yet this emotion is not often studied within the work-family domain. This presentation will serve to define work-family guilt drawing from empirical and qualitative research on the construct. This presentation will also delineate findings related to work-family guilt for mothers and fathers. Lastly, this presentation will highlight the scarce research into the relationship between work-family guilt and parenting outcomes. It has been suggested by scholars that work-family guilt may influence parenting behaviors which could cause negative consequences for children. This presentation will review two studies examining work-family guilt and parenting practices.
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Gutfrind, Christophe. "Optimisation des actionneurs électromécaniques de la boucle d’air d’un moteur thermique." Thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012SUPL0012/document.
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Les travaux de thèse présentent une étude comparative d'actionneurs électromécaniques à course limitée régulant la position d'un obturateur dans une boucle d'air d'un moteur thermique. Les normes européennes sur la limitation des rejets polluants imposent de nouveaux besoins sur les performances dynamiques et mécaniques des actionneurs. Un état de l’art sur la boucle d’air des moteurs thermiques montre que deux topologies d'actionnements sont devenus majoritaires : l’une se compose d’un moteur à courant continu (MCC) à balais et d’une transmission de puissance par engrenage, l’autre est une machine sans balais à entraînement direct sur l’obturateur. La description de ces topologies montre une approche multiphysique utilisant la mécanique, l’électricité, le magnétisme, la thermique et l’automatique. À l'aide d'un cahier des charges, quatre architectures magnétiques de machines à entraînement direct ont été modélisées et optimisées en régime linéaire. Chaque machine est constituée d’aimants permanents au rotor et d’un circuit magnétique à dents polaires bobinées. De ces quatre machines, une d'entre elles est choisie sur le critère de la performance de couple par unité de volume en vu d'être optimiser sur le critère de la consommation minimale de l'énergie électrique. Pour jauger des résultats obtenus, la topologie MCC avec un réducteur à engrenage à deux étages de réduction est paramétrée et optimisée avec les mêmes contraintes et le même objectif. Les méthodes présentées associent les contraintes physiques et dynamiques sur le dimensionnement de l'actionneur et évoluent vers une optimisation de l'ensemble actionneur, électronique de puissance et loi de commandeThe present work deals with the development of limited motion actuators dedicated to the air flow regulation of internal combustion engines. Because of the recent European Standard applied to car manufacturers, new conceptions of internal combustion engines need a new air flow management such as the low pressure exhaust gas recirculation. According to a state of art on electromechanical actuators that manage the combustive flow, there are mainly two electric topologies for rotary movements: the first one is an indirect drive which is composed of a brushed DC motor associated with a reduction spur gear set, the second one is a direct drive with a brushless DC motor. The topologic analysis carried out in order to design these actuators is based on a multi-physics approach involving mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal behaviours and control laws. With requirements, four magnetic topologies have been modelized in linear behaviour and optimized to minimize the external volume. Each actuator is composed of two bipolar permanent magnets on the rotor and two polar teeth on the magnetic core. With an attractive criteria per volume unit torque for a limited stroke application, one of them is chosen to minimize the electrical energy consumption. In order to compare the results of this optimized actuator, a brushed motor and a two reduction stage gear set are modelized and optimized with the aim of minimizing the energy consumption with the same required performances. This approach associates physical and dynamical constraints on actuator designs and contributes to realize a global optimization of machine, power electronics and control law
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Szabados, Andrew. "Uncontrolled manifolds et réflexes à courte latence dans le contrôle moteur de la parole : une étude de modélisation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS039/document.
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Ce travail exploite un modèle biomécanique de la production de la parole comme sujet de référence pour étudier plusieurs phénomènes liés à l'adaptabilité et à la stabilité du contrôle moteur de la parole, en particulier l'équivalence motrice et le contrôle postural.La première partie de cette thèse s’intéresse au phénomène de l'équivalence motrice. L'équivalence motrice est une caractéristique essentielle du contrôle moteur de la parole, car les locuteurs doivent s'adapter constamment à des contextes phonétiques toujours différents et à conditions variables de production de la parole. Le concept de « Uncontrolled Manifold » (UCM) offre un cadre théorique pour comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à l'équivalence motrice : il propose de représenter la coordination entre les variables de contrôle moteur en deux sous-espaces séparés, un dans lequel tout changement des variables de contrôle affectent la sortie et un autre dans lequel ces changements n'influencent aucunement la sortie.Ce concept est développé et étudié pour la production de la parole en utilisant un modèle biomécanique 2D du conduit vocal. D'abord, une représentation des UCM linéarisées basée sur des matrices de projection orthogonale est proposée. Les UCM de différentes configurations du conduit vocal des 10 voyelles orales françaises sont ensuite caractérisées en étudiant les réponses aux perturbations de leurs commandes. On étudie alors si chaque catégorie phonétique, telle que les phonèmes, les voyelles antérieures/postérieures, ou les voyelles arrondies/non-arrondies, peut être caractérisée par une UCM unique ou si les UCM varient considérablement entre les différents représentants de chacune de ces classes. On a constaté que les UCM linéarisées, celles qui sont spécifiquement calculées pour chaque configuration du conduit vocal, mais aussi celles, plus globales, des classes phonétiques, permettent une réponse efficace aux perturbations des commandes. Cela suggère que des stratégies équivalentes d'équivalence motrice peuvent être mises en œuvre dans chacune de ces classes et que les UCM en fournissent des caractérisations exploitables. Des suggestions sont faites pour de futurs travaux pour déterminer quelles classes pourraient être utilisées dans la pratique.La deuxième partie étudie dans quelle mesure le contrôle postural de la langue exploit des mécanismes passifs - tels que les propriétés mécaniques et élastiques intrinsèques de la langue- ou des réflexes à faible latence - comme le réflexe d’étirement.Une perturbation en force a été appliquée au modèle biomécanique 2D, dans laquelle la langue est tirée vers l'avant par une force exercée sur le corps de la langue à l'aide d'un robot relié à la partie supérieure de la lame de la langue. Les simulations ont été comparées à des données expérimentales recueillies au Gipsa-lab dans des conditions similaires.Cette perturbation a été simulée avec différentes valeurs du paramètre qui dans le modèle module le feedback induit par l’étirement des fibres musculaires. Les résultats ont montré un effet de rebond dans les mouvements de la langue suite à la perturbation qui est imputable au mécanisme réflexe. Étant donné qu'un rebond similaire est observé dans les données expérimentales sur des sujets humains, ce résultat suggère qu’un mécanisme réflexe joue un rôle significatif dans la stabilité posturale de la langue. Les caractéristiques temporelles de ce réflexe ont été analysées et il s’avère que la précision du modèle est insuffisante pour tirer des conclusions sur l'origine, corticale ou spinale, de ce réflexe. Des pistes pour de futures études expérimentales sont proposéesThis work makes use of a biomechanical model of speech production as a reference subject to address several phenomena related to the adaptability and stability of speech motor control, namely motor equivalence and postural stability. The first part of this thesis is related to the phenomenon of motor equivalence. Motor equivalence is a key feature of speech motor control, since speakers must constantly adapt to various phonetic contexts and speaking conditions. The Uncontrolled Manifold (UCM) idea offers a theoretical framework for considering motor equivalence in which coordination among motor control variables is separated into two subspaces, one in which changes in control variables modify the output and another one in which these changes do not influence the output.This concept is developed and investigated for speech production using a 2D biomechanical model. First, a representation of the linearized UCM based on orthogonal projection matrices is proposed. The UCMs of various vocal tract configurations of the 10 French oral vowels are then characterized using their command perturbation responses. It is then investigated whether each phonetic class such as phonemes, front/back vowels, rounded/un-rounded vowels can be characterized by a unique UCM, or whether the UCMs vary significantly across representatives of these different classes. It was found that linearized UCMs, especially those that are specifically computed for each configuration, but also across many of the phonetic classes allow for a command perturbation response that is effective. This suggests that similar motor equivalence strategies can be implemented within each of these classes and that UCMs provide a valid characterization of an equivalence strategy. Further work is suggested to elaborate which classes might be used in practice.The second part addresses the question of the degree to which postural control of the tongue is accomplished through passive mechanisms - such as the mechanical and elastic properties of the tongue itself - or through short-latency reflexes - such as the stretch reflex.A specific external force perturbation, was applied to the 2D biomechanical model , namely one in which the tongue is pulled anteriorly using specific force profile exerted on the tongue body using a force effector attached to the superior part of the tongue blade. Simulation results were compared to experimental data collected at Gipsa-lab under similar conditions.This perturbation was simulated with various values of the model's parameter modulating the reflex strength (feedback gain). The results showed that a perturbation rebound seen in simulated data is due to a reflex mechanism. Since a compatible rebound is seen in data from human subjects, this can be taken as evidence of a reflex mechanism being involved in postural stability of the tongue. The time course of the mechanisms of this reflex, including the generation of force and the movement of the tongue, were analyzed and it was determined that the precision of the model was insufficient to make any conclusions on the origin of this reflex (whether cortical or brainstem). Still, numerous experimental directions are proposed
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Lengyel, Igor. "Caractérisation des échelles de longueur turbulentes dans la chambre d'un moteur à combustion interne." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0015.
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L'objectif principal de ce travail est l'analyse du comportement des échelles spatiales de la turbulence dans une chambre de moteur à piston. Deux voies d'approche sont utilisées à cet effet: une approche théorique et une approche expérimentale. L'approche théorique consiste à schématiser les phases de compression et détente et en déduire l'évolution globale du champ turbulent durant ces phases du cycle moteur à l'aide de modèles statistiques de complexités variables (modèles en un point ou en deux points). On exploite dans un premier temps un modèle de turbulence homogène en un point, en présence d'une compression ou une détente uniaxiale. Une analyse des temps caractéristiques des différents mécanismes physiques justifie le bien fondé d'un calcul de distorsion rapide pendant la détente ; on en déduit l'anisotropie des échelles intégrales. L'approche expérimentale consiste a mesurer directement le coefficient de corrélation spatial des fluctuations de vitesse par la technique de l'anémométrie laser bi-points. Deux échelles intégrales ont été mesurées en différents points de la chambre durant les phases d'admission, compression et détente. L'influence de différents paramètres (régime moteur, taux de compression, mouvement de rotation) sur les échelles intégrales de longueur a été etudiée. Les comparaisons entre les évolutions expérimentales et les prédictions théoriques issues du calcul de distorsion rapide sont satisfaisantes pendant la détente ; l'importance des effets de confinement en fin de compression est également analysée. Différentes méthodes de filtrage sont comparées à la méthode statistique par moyenne d'ensemble afin de traiter les fluctuations cycliques dans une configuration bien définie, celle d'un mouvement de rotation superposé a la compressionThe aim of this work is to study the behaviour of turbulence length scales in an internal combustion engine. This is achieved by using both theoretical and experimental approaches. The theoretical approach is based one-dimensional compression and expansion stroke modelling ; the evolution of turbulent ccharacteristics during these strokes of the engine cycle is deduced by using different statistical models of variable complexity (one-point and two-point models). At first we use a one-point homogeneous turbulence model in the presence of a one-dimensional compression (or expansion). The evolution of the characteristic times of different physical mechanisms predicted by this model justify the application of the rapid distortion theory (RDT) during the expansion stroke. The anisotropy of the integral length scales is deduced from the two-point model. The experimental approach consists of the direct measurement of the spatial correlation coefficient of velocity fluctuations by two-point Laser Doppler Anemometry. The spatial resolution analysis shows the limitations of the experimental set-up for the Taylor length scale measurement. Measurements are made of two different integral length scales at different points in the chamber during the induction, compression and expansion strokes. The influence of different parameters (engine velocity, compression ratio, swirl) is studied. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical (RDT) results is obtained during the expansion stroke. Wall effects at the end of compression stroke are also analysed. Different filtering methods are compared with the ensemble average method in order to remove cyclic fluctuations. Comparisons are made in a particular case where cyclic fluctuations are clearly linked to a large scale motion (swirl precession) superimposed on the turbulent field
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Duersch, Michelle. "Cognitive Demands of Mothers of Young Children in the Presence of Emotional Distraction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8943.
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Stress and parenting often go hand in hand, with high physical and emotional demands from children often coupled with pressures and responsibilities adults bear from work, school, and other involvements outside the home. Parents often prioritize their children's needs above their own physical, emotional, and social needs. While current literature addresses stress in mothers, it has yet to understand under what circumstances her children may modify her stress levels and whether her stress response, in turn, affects cognition. This study seeks to investigate the impact of such a taxing environment on mothers' stress and cognition using a challenging mnemonic discrimination paradigm. It was hypothesized that the auditory distraction of a mother's own children during the task would impair her ability to encode and retrieve images and also increase her physiological stress response. Prior research has outlined how irrelevant noise and induced stress modify behavioral outcomes, and how mnemonic discrimination of emotional stimuli differs from that of neutral stimuli. However, to our knowledge, there have been no tests in any group using distracting noise (a type of induced stress) during emotionally valenced mnemonic discrimination tasks. This led to the development of our task in order to better understand stress and distraction coupled with valenced imagery. Encoding was divided into two blocks, with one block occurring during the presentation of white noise and the alternate block occurring during the presentation of noise from children, either live audio feed to a mother's own children (experimental condition) or prerecorded audio of a group of children (control condition). We found that retrieval did decrease as a result of child noise, and that memory performance for neutral stimuli was greater than for negative or positive stimuli. Physiological measurements (electrodermal activity and heart rate) were also obtained to view the stress response, but only electrodermal activity showed significance. A significant relationship was found between electrodermal activity and behavioral scores in the experimental group. Our results also suggest that perceived and induced stress coupled with distraction leads to lower memory performance and increased physiological stress responses.
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Lary, Banning Kent. "Perceptions of Empty Nest Mothers From Diverse Socioeconomic Backgrounds With Boomerang Kids." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1694.
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In the United States, a growing number of young people are failing to launch into self-sufficiency, a characteristic of adulthood recognized by most cultural groups. These â??boomerang childrenâ?? return home and interrupt the life course development of their â??empty nestâ?? mothers who must suspend plans for self-development. How mothers from different socioeconomic backgrounds cope with this countertransitional phenomenon while preparing their children for successful relaunch is not well known. Elder's life course paradigm provided the theoretical framework for this phenomenological study. Perceptions were collected from an ethnically diverse group of 23 empty nest mothers with 30 boomerang children and seven boomerang grandchildren from five U.S. states, recruited using criterion-based convenience sample. Data were collected through recorded telephone interviews that were transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Saldana's codes-categories-emergent themes model. The findings revealed that boomerang children caused emotional and financial distress, a reassessment of parenting skills, and that boomerang grandchildren reinvigorated the mother's prime identity as a caregiver. These findings were consistent regardless of ethnicity or socioeconomic status. This study contributes to the empirical literature by depicting the boomerang phenomenon as a shift in cultural expectations which represents a new phase in the life course development paradigm. Findings from this study can also guide the work of future researchers, assist mental health counselors who deal with these issues, and inform school guidance counselors who design career trajectories for students.
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Henderson, Michael-Kamau. "Decoding Metacommunication Patterns From African American Single Mothers to Sons." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2262.
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With a significant number of African American single-parent families responsible for raising a generation of male children, the focus of this qualitative case study was on exploring the African American single mother-son dyad to identify metacommunicative signals delivered from mothers to sons. This study was grounded in a theoretical framework combining attachment theory and social learning theory. The research questions focused on identifying metacommunication messages passed from mothers to sons and how metacommunication patterns influence the youth's social identity. Four single mothers with adolescent sons and 4 unrelated adult sons of single mothers participated in semistructured interviews. Data were collected and analyzed using content analysis and coding supported with NVivo software. Key findings revealed that the metacommunication was a dominant form of communication in the African-American family construct, and affected the parenting styles. From the mother's retrospective reports, African-American mother's adapted an authoritarian or helicopter parenting styles to control and protect their sons from racism, becoming victims of crime and violence, being arrested, or incarcerated. The key finding from the sons' retrospective reports was that negative metacommunication from single mothers to sons was associated with insecure attachment, avoidance, and risky behaviors. The implications for social change are that positive metacommunication can strengthen the African American single mother-son dyad. This information may lead to intervention strategies for targeting negative metacommunication patterns from African American single mothers to sons and teaching new communication rules that foster a secure relationship.
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Yousfi, Ali. "Etude théorique du positionnement pour moteur asynchrone alimenté par convertisseur statique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECDL0011.
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Le thème général de ce travail porte sur l'étude du positionnement d'une machine asynchrone alimentée par convertisseur statique de puissance. Après avoir comparé les différentes lois de commande appliquées à cet ensemble, nous avons analysé le régime dynamique de l'ensemble convertisseur-machine asynchrone alimenté soit en tension, soit en courant. Aux paramètres trouvés par l'analyse de ces deux cas cités, on conclut que l'onduleur de tension est le mieux adapté à notre système. Ainsi ont été développées plusieurs configurations d'asservissement de position et de l'erreur pour différents signaux de commande de référence. L'étude de la stabilité de l'ensemble convertisseur-machine a été envisagée pour les deux cas suivants : couple résistant et frottements négligés ; couple résistant et frottements non nuls. Dans le premier cas, le système à positionner est du troisième ordre, dans le deuxième cas, le système est du quatrième ordre. Pour améliorer la stabilité de ce dernier lors d'un échelon d'accélération comme signal de commande de référence, l'emploi d'un intégrateur dans la boucle directe est indispensable. Les résultats obtenus par la simulation numérique fournissent une description acceptable des grandeurs électriques et mécaniques de l'asservissement de position ou de l'erreur commandée par l'angle de référence.
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Mordock, Christina. "The Level and Determinants of Burnout of Mormon Mothers in a Utah Suburban Town." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1990. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTGM,33273.
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Mtombeni, Sifelani. "Community perceptions, attitudes and knowledge regarding mother to child transmission of HIV: a baseline evaluation before the implementation of the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Program using a short course of Nevirapine at Onandjokwe Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Each year approximately 600 000 infants, most of them in Sub-Saharan Africa are born with HIV infection as a result of mother to child transmission of HIV. Whereas significant progress has been made in reduction of mother to child transmission of HIV in developed countries, the situation remains desperate in developing countries. Progress has been hampered by shortage of staff, facilities, limited access to voluntary counselling and testing and lack of support for women by their partners and communities. The challenge is to increase voluntary counselling and testing uptake during antenatal care. Onandjokwe district in Northern Namibia is currently introducing the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Program (PMTCT). It has been found the previous PMTCT programs have failed because they adopted a top down approach where there was no community consultation. This study was conducted to explore the community perceptions, knowledge and attitudes regarding mother to child transmission of HIV through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews of key community members.
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Akremi, Haifa. "Évaluation de l’efficacité de l’application de la stimulation à courant direct sur l’apprentissage moteur des enfants ayant un trouble de l’acquisition de la coordination." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11092.
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Introduction : Les enfants ayant un trouble de l‘acquisition de la coordination (TAC) éprouvent de la difficulté à apprendre des gestes moteurs, particulièrement ceux demandant de la coordination motrice. Des nombreuses études en neuroimagerie ont mis en évidence une diminution de l‘activité neuronale au niveau du cervelet, ce qui pourrait être à l‘origine des difficultés d‘apprentissage moteur chez les enfants ayant un TAC. Augmenter l‘activité neuronale au niveau du cervelet afin d‘améliorer l‘apprentissage et la coordination motrice pourrait être une avenue prometteuse. La stimulation à courant direct (SCD) anodale permet d‘augmenter l‘activité neuronale de la région stimulée. L‘application de la SCD anodale au niveau du cervelet a montré une amélioration de l‘apprentissage moteur chez des populations en santé ou ayant des troubles neurologiques. À notre connaissance, aucune étude n‘a évalué l‘efficacité de l‘application de la SCD sur l‘apprentissage moteur des enfants ayant un TAC. Objectif : Ce projet vise à évaluer l‘efficacité de la SCD anodale appliquée au niveau du cervelet sur l‘apprentissage moteur et la coordination motrice du membre supérieur des enfants ayant un TAC. Méthodologie : Une étude expérimentale à devis avant-après avec un groupe témoin équivalent a été réalisée. Dix-neuf enfants âgés entre 10 et 17 ans ont été randomisés dans un des deux groupes (stimulation active ou stimulation placebo). Durant trois sessions, les participants ont reçu un courant anodal (de 2mA ou placebo) au niveau du cervelet. La stimulation a été effectuée durant 20 minutes pendant que les enfants réalisaient simultanément une tâche de pianotage sur le clavier d‘un ordinateur. Cette tâche, appelée « Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) », permet de mesurer la vitesse de réponse et le taux d‘erreur, lesquels ont été utilisés pour évaluer l‘apprentissage moteur. La coordination motrice du membre supérieur a été évaluée par le test doigt-nez (TDN) avant et après chaque application de la SCD. Résultats : L‘application de la SCD n‘a pas eu effet statistiquement significatif sur l‘apprentissage moteur, bien qu‘une tendance ait été observé quant à la réduction du taux d‘erreur pour le groupe actif par rapport au groupe placebo (p=0.072). Aucune différence statistiquement significative n‘a été observée pour la vitesse de réponse et la coordination motrice entre les 2 groupes. Conclusion : La SCD anodale pourrait potentiellement améliorer l‘apprentissage moteur chez les enfants ayant un TAC, particulièrement en regard de la diminution du taux d‘erreur. Cependant, plus de recherches sont nécessaires afin d‘explorer si la SCD pourrait être un outil ayant un potentiel thérapeutique intéressant pour bonifier l‘efficacité des interventions visant l‘apprentissage moteur des enfants ayant un TAC.Abstract : Introduction: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulties learning motor tasks, especially for the ones requiring motor coordination. Numerous neuroimaging studies demonstrated a decrease in neuronal activity in the cerebellum, what might be responsible for motor learning difficulties in children with DCD. Increasing neuronal activity in the cerebellum might be an interesting avenue to improve learning and motor coordination. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) has been shown to increase neuronal activity of the stimulated region, and to improve motor learning in healthy adults or patients with neurological disorders. To our knowledge, no study has assessed the tDCS effectiveness on motor learning for children with DCD. Objective: The present study evaluates the effect of cerebellar a-tDCS application on the motor learning and upper limb coordination of children with DCD. Methods: A pre-post experimental study with an equivalent control group was performed. Nineteen children aged 10-17 years were randomized in one of the two groups (active or placebo stimulation). During three sessions, participants received an anodal stimulation (2mA or placebo) on the cerebellum. The stimulation was carried out for 20 minutes while children simultaneously performed the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT), used to document motor learning through response speed and error rate. The motor coordination of the upper limb was evaluated by the finger-nose test (FNT) before and after each tDCS session. Results: The cerebellar a-tDCS could not significantly improve motor learning but a clinical reduction on error rate for the active group versus placebo group (p=0.072). The tDCS application did not show significantly improvement on speed and motor coordination between two groups. Conclusion: The a-tDCS could potentially improve motor learning by decreasing the error rate of children with DCD. However, more researches are needed to explore if the tDCS could be an interesting therapeutic tool to improve the effectiveness of motor learning interventions for children with DCD.
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Ennaceur, Mohamed Mouldi. "Étude et conception d'un algorithme adaptatif pour la commande de position d'un moteur à courant continu." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1991. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5512/1/000590847.pdf.
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Watson, Sabrina Blount. "Correlations of Race, Ethnicity, and Family Relations on the Developmental Outcomes of Youth Raised in Single Mother Headed Households." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3075.
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Despite known risk factors associated with families headed by single mothers such as delinquency, substance abuse, and early unprotected sex, researchers have rarely focused on how family relations positively shape the developmental trajectories of youth living in nontraditional families. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between the independent variables of ethnicity, parent-child relationship, and family interaction (including the relationship with important non-parental adults) and the dependent variables of developmental outcomes (social and emotional competence) for youth living in families headed by single mothers. The associations were investigated using data collected from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, a longitudinal cohort study. The relationships between variables were analyzed using a descriptive statistics method. The results of the study indicated no race-related differences in a child's closeness to mother in single-mother families. A significant positive correlation showed a difference in closeness to family members across ethnic groups, by age. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine if there were statistically significant differences between closeness to the mother or family members, and the outcomes. The findings indicated that closeness to family was positively correlated to emotional outcomes for youth, and a significant positive correlation was found between family interaction and social outcomes. These results may have implications for positive social change by providing public health practitioners with strategies to support positive youth development, altering the future of youth, families, and society which will ultimately benefit from a stronger population of emotionally and socially competent young adults.
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Holladay, Hayley Maria. "Mothers' Work-to-Family Conflict and Children's Academic Achievement: Do School Involvement and Work Status Matter?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3930.
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Structural equation modeling was used to explore associations between maternal work-to-family conflict, maternal involvement in schooling, and academic outcomes in early adolescents. Among a subsample of 725 fifth graders (and their employed mothers and teachers) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD), multigroup analyses were used to explore differences in this relationship between groups with mothers working part-time versus full-time. Results revealed that among part-time employed mothers maternal involvement in school fully mediated the relationship between maternal work-to-family conflict and fifth graders' academic achievement. For full-time employed mothers, maternal work-to-family conflict was not related to maternal involvement in school or academic outcomes. These findings suggest that mothers' involvement in school may be an important way in which negative outcomes of work-to-family conflict may be minimized. Prior research has not investigated the associations between work-to-family conflict and child outcomes. The present study suggests a need to further understand how aspects of the work-family interface relate to children. Further, results suggest a need to better understand the differences in the work-family interface between families where mothers are employed part-time versus full-time.
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Kettle, Jennifer Emily. "Growing up to do 'women's work' : exploring two generations of mothers' relational narratives of household work over the life course." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12536/.
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This thesis explores the ways in which women make sense of their experiences of household work over the life course and in the context of various relationships, with a particular focus on mother/daughter relationships. Using in-depth interviews with 24 heterosexual women (comprising 12 pairs of mothers and their adult daughters, who themselves were mothers of young children), this research investigates the role household work plays in women’s personal narratives and the construction of relational narrated selves and narrative identities. By moving away from a ‘snapshot’ approach to housework that focuses on the division of tasks within heterosexual couples, this thesis positions household work as part of our personal lives (Smart, 2007), and something that is made sense of relationally, despite dominant discourses of individualism. Similarly, conceiving of people within personal timescapes in which multiple dimensions of time intersect allows for an understanding of household work as part of our personal lives over the life course, as well as inter-generational relationships and broader historical change. Considering multiple social dimensions of gender, heterosexuality and family, allows for an understanding of how accounting for one’s household practices in relation to various discourses can be understood as doing gender, heterosexuality and family. The construction of relational narrated selves in process show how growing up as a woman is shaped particularly by discourses of emphasised femininity (in the context of normative heterosexuality) and good motherhood, and constructing narrative identities in relation to these discourses involves demonstrating acceptable femininity and maternal responsibility, which works to (re)produce gender, heterosexuality and family. By focusing on the themes of relationality, temporality and the interplay between gender, heterosexuality and family across multiple social dimensions, this thesis uses household work as a lens to draw out useful theoretical links between these key themes.
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Ploix, Stéphane. "Diagnostic des systèmes incertains : l'approche bornée." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_PLOIX_S.pdf.
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Le diagnostic de défauts au sein de systèmes physiques a fait l'objet de nombreux travaux ; hormis les approches stochastiques, la plupart s'inscrivent dans un contexte déterministe. Nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle les approches bornées sont les mieux adaptées à la synthèse de procédure automatique de diagnostic s'appliquant aux systèmes physiques réels. À partir d'un raisonnement conceptuel, nous avons établi de manière univoque la problématique du diagnostic et montrer que toute procédure de diagnostic procède nécessairement de tests de cohérence. Nous avons montré que, dans un contexte incertain, les modèles contenant des variables bornées répondent tout à fait aux objectifs du diagnostic. Un formalisme permettant d'appréhender les propriétés des variables bornées est présenté ainsi qu'une procédure analytique conduisant aux caractéristiques d'un domaine défini par un champ vectoriel. Après avoir étudié différentes structures d'incertitudes, nous présentons un algorithme de caractérisation dont l'objectif est d'estimer les caractéristiques des incertitudes. Nous abordons alors les modèles permettant de réaliser les tests de cohérence nécessaires au diagnostic. En partant des modèles déterministes et en nous fondant sur des formulations génériques, nous commençons par mettre en évidence l'influence de l'horizon et de la dimension d'un modèle sur l'objectif de diagnostic. Puis, nous abordons les moyens de tester la cohérence entre un modèle incertain et des observations. Deux types de modèles ont été étudiés : ceux dont l'horizon est infini et ceux à horizon fini. Nous discutons de la pertinence des tests de cohérence associés à ces modèles. Ce mémoire s'achève par la réalisation de procédures de diagnostic exploitant la connaissance des incertitudes dans le cas de la machine à courant continu.
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Canlas, Jerevie Malig. "The Influence of Family Relationship Satisfaction and Perceived Work-Family Harmony on Mental Health Among Asian Working Mothers in Singapore." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4412.
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Women's participation in the labor force has increased in Singapore in the recent years. Research has suggested that women's attempt to relate their traditional roles as wife and mother with the expectations of their modern role as a paid employee may have an impact on their mental health. Data from a cross-sectional national probability sample of 284 employed mothers in Singapore were used to investigate the relationships between work hours, marital satisfaction, child relationship satisfaction, work-family harmony, and mental health. Based on the results of the Structural Equation Model, mothers who worked long hours experienced more positive mental health. This is perhaps attributable to paid work being considered as a means by which women can contribute to the family's welfare and well-being, instead of competing with one's finite resources. Results of the mediation analysis suggested that marital satisfaction had a positive, albeit small, effect on mental health through work-family harmony. This renders support to the family stress model theory, suggesting that for Asian women who actively participate in the work force, family relationships play an important role on their work-life experience, which ultimately has a significant impact on their mental health. Recognizing the unique cultural meanings Asian societies ascribe to work and family can facilitate a better understanding of Asian women's work-family experience.
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Jensen, Karen Adell. "Qualitative Analysis of Women Who Make Motherwork a Career Choice: Religious Minorities." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3562.
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Interviews were conducted with 44 highly religious women from three demographics: Mennonite, Evangelical Christians and Cajun Catholics. The results provide insight into the reasons that faith appears to play a part in making motherwork a deliberate choice for many women. Comparing and contrasting the interviews within and between demographics as well as allowing for the influences of modern academia and media on attitudes toward motherwork grants voice to these often marginalized religious minorities. The resulting analysis shows that all of these women, to varying degrees, find value in motherwork. Each group seemed to have a perspective of this work which was unique between and yet common within the specific demographic. Across groups was a pronounced unity of thought that motherwork is profoundly important and that one is culpable before God in her execution of this potentially divine work