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Journal articles on the topic 'Motion in architecture'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Fitzsimons, J. Kent. "Seeing Motion Otherwise." Space and Culture 15, no. 3 (August 2012): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331212445961.

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Accessibility considerations tend to dominate discussions about disability and the built environment. Although many architects object to the constraints of accessibility regulations, the shallow ramps, wide passages, and spatial continuity typical of barrier-free design are not foreign to architectural discourse. They rather mesh effortlessly with architecture’s long-standing preoccupation with movement. Unfortunately, the proximity between architectural discourse’s focus on mobile experiences and the demands of disability activists distract from considering other relationships between architecture and the human body. This article explores the similarities and differences between mobility disabilities and sensory disabilities and proposes the notion of “perceiving otherwise” to reconsider how architectural space may be conceptualized. It discusses that notion through readings of selected contemporary architectural works, including Rem Koolhaas’s Bordeaux House (1998) and Peter Eisenman’s Memorial to the Murdered European Jews in Berlin (2005).

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ELGAMEL, MOHAMED A., MAGDY A. BAYOUMI, AHMED M. SHAMS, and BERTRAND ZAVIDOVIQUE. "LOW POWER FULL SEARCH BLOCK MATCHING MOTION ESTIMATION VLSI ARCHITECTURES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 06 (December 2004): 1271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001945.

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Power consumption is very critical for portable video applications. During compression, the motion estimation unit consumes the largest portion of power since it performs a huge amount of computation. Different low power architectures for implementing the full-search block-matching (FSBM) motion estimation are discussed. Also, architectural enhancements to further reduce the power consumed during FSBM motion estimation without sacrificing throughput or optimality are presented. The proposed approach achieves these power savings by disabling portions of the architecture that perform unnecessary computations. A comparison between the different architectures including our enhancements and others is presented using simulation and analytical analysis. Different benchmarks are used to test and compare the discussed architectures. Analytical and simulation results show the effectiveness of the enhancements.

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Díaz, J., E. Ros, S. Mota, F. Pelayo, and E. M. Ortigosa. "Subpixel motion computing architecture." IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image, and Signal Processing 153, no. 6 (2006): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-vis:20050207.

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4

Ríos Moyano, Sonia. "«Motion, autos, art, architecture»." Boletín de Arte, no. 43 (November 24, 2022): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/bolarte.2022.vi43.15358.

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5

B.Chaitanya E, B. Chaitanya E., and A. Mohan E. A.Mohan E. "An EDDR Architecture for Motion Estimation Testing Applications." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/dec2012/29.

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6

Liu, Li Chang, Jong Chih Chien, and Yu Wei Hsu. "A Generalized Frame-Level FSBM FLSA Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2915.

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Block-based motion estimation plays important roles in video applications such as video compression to detect movements as well as remove temporal redundancies between successive frames. Full-search block-matching (FSBM) is the preferred algorithm for accurate motion estimation. Frame-level pipelined systolic array (FLSA) FSBM architectures have advantages over block-level pipelined architectures in their simpler control and reduced number of memory accesses. In this paper, a frame-level pipelined FSBM motion estimation architecture using array processor for any square, N×N, block size is presented in full detail.

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Muralidhar, P., and C. B. Rama Rao. "High Performance Architecture of Motion Estimation Algorithm for Video Compression." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 08 (May 17, 2016): 1650083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500833.

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Motion estimation (ME) is a highly computationally intensive operation in video compression. Efficient ME architectures are proposed in the literature. This paper presents an efficient low computational complexity systolic architecture for full search block matching ME (FSBME) algorithm. The proposed architecture is based on one-bit transform-based full search (FS) algorithm. The proposed ME hardware architectures perform FS ME for four macroblocks (MBs) in parallel. The proposed hardware architecture is implemented in VHDL. The FSBME hardware consumes 34% of the slices in a Xilinx Vertex XC6vlx240T FPGA device with a maximum frequency of 133[Formula: see text]MHz and is capable of processing full high definition (HD) ([Formula: see text]) frames at a rate of 60 frames per second.

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HAYES, M. J. D., and R. G. LANGLOIS. "ATLAS: A NOVEL KINEMATIC ARCHITECTURE FOR SIX DOF MOTION PLATFORMS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 29, no. 4 (December 2005): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2005-0047.

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Conventional training simulators commonly use the hexapod configuration to provide motion cues. While widely used, studies have shown that hexapods are incapable of producing the range of motion required to achieve high fidelity simulation required in many applications. This paper presents an overview of the Atlas platform: a novel six DOF motion platform architecture. Orienting is decoupled from positioning, and unlimited rotations are possible about every axis of the mechanism. The decoupling is accomplished by fixing a three DOF spherical orienting device, called the Atlas sphere, on a gantry with three linear axes. The key to the design is three omni-directional wheels in an equilateral arrangement, which impart angular motions to a sphere, thereby providing rotational actuation. The omni-wheels and their castor rollers provide virtually friction-free motion parallel to each omni-wheel rotation axis creating the possibility for unconstrained rotational motion. Since the Atlas sphere rests on these omni-wheels, there are no joints or levers constraining its motion, allowing full 360° motion about all axes. The motivation, architecture, and potential applications for this motion platform are described.

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Varatkar, G. V., and N. R. Shanbhag. "Error-Resilient Motion Estimation Architecture." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 16, no. 10 (October 2008): 1399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2008.2000675.

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Kim, Bo-Sung, and Jun-Dong Cho. "Maximizing Memory Data Reuse for Lower Power Motion Estimation." VLSI Design 14, no. 3 (January 1, 2002): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10655140290011096.

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This paper presents a new VLSI architecture of the Motion Estimation in MPEG-2. Previously, a number of full search block matching algorithms (BMA) and architectures using systolic array have been proposed for motion estimation. However, the architectures have an inefficiently large number of external memory accesses. Recently, to reduce the number of accesses in one search block, a block matching method within a search area to reuse the search data is provided using systolic process arrays. To further reduce the data access and computation time during the block matching, we propose a new approach through the reuse of the previously-search data in two dimensions. Our new architecture in this paper is an extension from our previous work such that we reuse the previously-searches area not only between two consecutive columns but also between two consecutive rows, so as to entirely remove redundant memory accesses. Experimental results show that our architecture of increased area by 81% can reduce 98% of memory accesses. Total power reduction is 86% in power estimation by SPICE model.

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Thokala, Bhagavanreddy, and K. Haripriya K.Haripriya. "VLSI Motion Estimation Architecture for Full Search Block Matching Algorithm." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2013/44.

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12

Chen, Shengyang. "Motion estimation algorithm and architecture survey." Applied and Computational Engineering 6, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/6/20230847.

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Motion estimation is a key part of video temporal characteristics analysis including video filter and compression. Increasing requirements for high-quality video image processing have confirmed the necessity of researching motion estimation. Current motion estimation methods, including high-efficient fast motion estimation algorithms and hardware architecture designs, achieved different performances from different perspectives. In this paper, we focus on analyzing typical fast algorithms and hardware architecture designs for motion estimation, comparing the used methods, and pointing out the basic ideas of motion estimation research schemes. In terms of theoretical implications, the research contributed to a more comprehensive reference for fast motion estimation algorithms and their hardware architecture designs.

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SAYED, MOHAMMED, and WAEL BADAWY. "A COMPUTATIONAL-RAM (C-RAM) ARCHITECTURE FOR REAL-TIME MESH-BASED VIDEO MOTION TRACKING PART 1: MOTION ESTIMATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 06 (December 2004): 1203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001921.

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This paper presents a new Computational-RAM (C-RAM) architecture for real-time mesh-based video motion tracking. The motion tracking consists of two operations: mesh-based motion estimation and compensation. The proposed motion estimation architecture is presented in Part 1 and the proposed motion compensation architecture is presented in Part 2. The motion estimation architecture stores two frames and computes motion vectors for a regular triangular mesh structure as defined by MPEG-4 Part 2.1 The motion estimation architecture uses the block-matching algorithm (BMA) to estimate the vertical and horizontal motion vectors for each mesh node. Parallel and pipelined implementations have been used to overcome the huge computational requirements of the motion estimation process. The two frames are stored in embedded S-RAMs generated with Virage™ Memory Compiler. The proposed motion estimation architecture has been prototyped, simulated and synthesized using the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. At 100 MHz clock frequency, the proposed architecture processes one CIF video frame (i.e., 352×288 pixels) in 1.48 ms, which means it can process up to 675 frames per second. The core area of the proposed motion estimation architecture is 24.58 mm2 and it consumes 46.26 mW.

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Carretero, J. A., R. P. Podhorodeski, M. A. Nahon, and C. M. Gosselin. "Kinematic Analysis and Optimization of a New Three Degree-of-Freedom Spatial Parallel Manipulator." Journal of Mechanical Design 122, no. 1 (December 1, 1999): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.533542.

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A study of the kinematic characteristics of a three degree-of-freedom (dof) parallel mechanism is presented. The architecture of the mechanism is comprised of a mobile platform attached to a base through three identical prismatic-revolute-spherical jointed serial linkages. The prismatic joints are considered to be actuated. These prismatic actuators lie on a common plane and have radial directions of action. The mechanism’s inverse displacement solution is obtained. Since the mechanism has only 3 dof, constraint equations describing the inter-relationship between the six motion coordinates are derived. These constraints allow the definition of parasitic motions, i.e., motions in the three unspecified motion coordinates. Architecture optimization of the device is undertaken demonstrating that specific values of design variables allow minimization of parasitic motion. [S1050-0472(00)00101-X]

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15

Olkowski, Dorothea E. "Matter in Motion, Architecture and Sexuality." Parallax 7, no. 2 (April 2001): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13534640110039622.

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16

Chan, E., and S. Panchanathan. "Motion estimation architecture for video compression." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 39, no. 3 (1993): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.234596.

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17

Wen-Jyi Hwang, Chien-Min Ou, Wen-Ming Lu, and Chun-Fu Lin. "VLSI architecture for motion vector quantization." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 49, no. 1 (February 2003): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2003.1205482.

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18

Beare, R., and A. Bouzerdoum. "Biologically inspired local motion detector architecture." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 16, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.16.002059.

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19

Psarrou, Alexandra, and Hilary Buxton. "Hybrid architecture for understanding motion sequences." Neurocomputing 5, no. 4-5 (June 1993): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(93)90009-r.

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20

O’Hara, Charles. "Zoomscape: Architecture in Motion and Media." Space and Culture 8, no. 3 (August 2005): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331205277392.

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21

Sangeeta, Sangeeta, Preeti Gulia, and Nasib Singh Gill. "Flow incorporated neural network based lightweight video compression architecture." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i2.pp939-946.

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The sudden surge in the video transmission over internet motivated the exploration of more promising and potent video compression architectures. Though the frame prediction based hand designed techniques are performing well and widely used but the recent deep learning based researches in this domain provided further directions of pure deep learning based next generation codecs. As the bandwidth over the internet is varying, adaptive bit rate representation is more suitable for video quality adjustment in tune with bandwidth variation. The proposed architecture comprises of end to end trainable video compression network consisting of majorly three modules namely-motion extension network, flow autoencoder and frame autoencoder. Frame autoencoder generates the individual compressed frames, flow autoencoder is used for optical flow based motion compensation chore and next frame is predicted by the motion extension network. The network is designed and evaluated in incremental manner. The analysis of the outcomes demonstrates the promising performance of the network quantitatively and qualitatively. Moreover, the results reveal that inclusion of optical flow based motion compensation network to the MotionNet architecture has enhanced the performance.

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TEMEL, Tansu, Mehmet KILIÇARSLAN, and Yaşar HOŞCAN. "SDA: A NOVEL SKEWED-DEEP-ARCHITECTURE FOR VEHICLE MOTION DETECTION IN DRIVING VIDEOS." Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 27, no. 1 (March 3, 2024): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1358512.

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Collision avoidance mechanisms are important topics for studies in the field of autonomous vehicles. We could obtain prior information about the collision from the movement angles of vehicles. Therefore, it is important issue to learn the movement angles of vehicles in motion. In the study, an architectural model is developed that learns the horizontal movement angles of vehicles to form a base for collision warning systems. YOLOv3 is modified and used on motion profiles. Thanks to the learned angle values, also the bounding boxes match the traces in the motion profiles smoothly. The results obtained have a mAP value of 79% and an operating speed of 36 FPS. These results are better than when trained on motion profiles of the YOLOv3 architecture. In addition, the use of the new architecture on motion profiles and factors such as noise and bad weather in the image do not adversely affect the results. With these features, a fundamental step has been taken for anti-collision systems.

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Shah, Nehal N., Harikrishna Singapuri, and Upena D. Dalal. "Hardware Efficient Architecture with Variable Block Size for Motion Estimation." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5091519.

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Video coding standards such as MPEG-x and H.26x incorporate variable block size motion estimation (VBSME) which is highly time consuming and extremely complex from hardware implementation perspective due to huge computation. In this paper, we have discussed basic aspects of video coding and studied and compared existing architectures for VBSME. Various architectures with different pixel scanning pattern give a variety of performance results for motion vector (MV) generation, showing tradeoff between macroblock processed per second and resource requirement for computation. Aim of this paper is to design VBSME architecture which utilizes optimal resources to minimize chip area and offer adequate frame processing rate for real time implementation. Speed of computation can be improved by accessing 16 pixels of base macroblock of size 4 × 4 in single clock cycle using z scanning pattern. Widely adopted cost function for hardware implementation known as sum of absolute differences (SAD) is used for VBSME architecture with multiplexer based absolute difference calculator and partial summation term reduction (PSTR) based multioperand adders. Device utilization of proposed implementation is only 22k gates and it can process 179 HD (1920 × 1080) resolution frames in best case and 47 HD resolution frames in worst case per second. Due to such higher throughput design is well suitable for real time implementation.

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Hossain, Md Biddut, Rupali Kiran Shinde, Shariar Md Imtiaz, F. M. Fahmid Hossain, Seok-Hee Jeon, Ki-Chul Kwon, and Nam Kim. "Swin Transformer and the Unet Architecture to Correct Motion Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2024 (May 2, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8972980.

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We present a deep learning-based method that corrects motion artifacts and thus accelerates data acquisition and reconstruction of magnetic resonance images. The novel model, the Motion Artifact Correction by Swin Network (MACS-Net), uses a Swin transformer layer as the fundamental block and the Unet architecture as the neural network backbone. We employ a hierarchical transformer with shifted windows to extract multiscale contextual features during encoding. A new dual upsampling technique is employed to enhance the spatial resolutions of feature maps in the Swin transformer-based decoder layer. A raw magnetic resonance imaging dataset is used for network training and testing; the data contain various motion artifacts with ground truth images of the same subjects. The results were compared to six state-of-the-art MRI image motion correction methods using two types of motions. When motions were brief (within 5 s), the method reduced the average normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) from 45.25% to 17.51%, increased the mean structural similarity index measure (SSIM) from 79.43% to 91.72%, and increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) from 18.24 to 26.57 dB. Similarly, when motions were extended from 5 to 10 s, our approach decreased the average NRMSE from 60.30% to 21.04%, improved the mean SSIM from 33.86% to 90.33%, and increased the PSNR from 15.64 to 24.99 dB. The anatomical structures of the corrected images and the motion-free brain data were similar.

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SAYED, MOHAMMED, and WAEL BADAWY. "A COMPUTATIONAL-RAM (C-RAM) ARCHITECTURE FOR REAL-TIME MESH-BASED VIDEO MOTION TRACKING PART 2: MOTION COMPENSATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 06 (December 2004): 1217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001933.

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This paper presents a new Computational-RAM (C-RAM) architecture for real-time mesh-based video motion tracking. In Part 1, the motion estimation part of the proposed architecture is presented. Here in Part 2, a new C-RAM mesh-based motion compensation architecture is presented. The input data to the architecture is the mesh nodes motion vectors and the reference frame and the output data is the compensated (i.e., predicted) frame. The architecture uses the affine transformation for warping the deformed patches in the reference frame into the undeformed patches in the current frame. The architecture computes the affine parameters using a multiplication-free algorithm. The reference and current frames are stored in embedded S-RAMs generated with Virage™ Memory Compiler. The proposed motion compensation architecture has been prototyped, simulated and synthesized using the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Using 100 MHz clock frequency, the proposed architecture processes one CIF video frame (i.e., 352×288 pixels) in 0.59 ms, which means it can process up to 1694 frames per second. The core area of the proposed motion compensation architecture is 28.04 mm2 and it consumes 31.15 mW.

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Botella, Guillermo, Manuel Rodríguez, Antonio García, and Eduardo Ros. "Neuromorphic Configurable Architecture for Robust Motion Estimation." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2008 (2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/428265.

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The robustness of the human visual system recovering motion estimation in almost any visual situation is enviable, performing enormous calculation tasks continuously, robustly, efficiently, and effortlessly. There is obviously a great deal we can learn from our own visual system. Currently, there are several optical flow algorithms, although none of them deals efficiently with noise, illumination changes, second-order motion, occlusions, and so on. The main contribution of this work is the efficient implementation of a biologically inspired motion algorithm that borrows nature templates as inspiration in the design of architectures and makes use of a specific model of human visual motion perception: Multichannel Gradient Model (McGM). This novel customizable architecture of a neuromorphic robust optical flow can be constructed with FPGA or ASIC device using properties of the cortical motion pathway, constituting a useful framework for building future complex bioinspired systems running in real time with high computational complexity. This work includes the resource usage and performance data, and the comparison with actual systems. This hardware has many application fields like object recognition, navigation, or tracking in difficult environments due to its bioinspired and robustness properties.

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YOSHIDA, Noriaki. "Special Issue: Robot Behavior. Architecture. Robot Motion Control Using Subsumption Architecture." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 11, no. 8 (1993): 1118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.11.1118.

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Wang, Ying, Enrique Villalobos, Santiago Pujol, Hamood Al-Washali, Kazuki Suzuki, Masaki Maeda, Susumu Takahashi, and Toshikatsu Ichinose. "On the Seismic Response of the Faculty of Architecture and Engineering Building at Tohoku University." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 1 (February 2016): 523–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/053013eqs139m.

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The Faculty of Architecture and Engineering Building at Tohoku University survived two strong ground motions. This is not surprising because the structure was stiff and strong. What is surprising is that the first ground motion did not cause severe structural damage but the second one caused so much structural damage that the building had to be evacuated and demolished. The damage occurred despite two key facts: (1) the intensities of the mentioned ground motions are understood to have been similar and (2) the building was strengthened after the first motion (and before the second) following stringent standards.

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Costa, A., A. De Gloria, P. Faraboschi, and F. Passaggio. "A VLSI architecture for hierarchical motion estimation." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 41, no. 2 (May 1995): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.391352.

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Han, T. H., and S. H. Hwang. "Versatile architecture for block matching motion estimation." IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques 146, no. 4 (1999): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cdt:19990592.

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Verma, Arnav, Devesh Samaiya, and Karunesh K. Gupta. "Nonlinear Motion Tracking by Deep Learning Architecture." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 331 (March 2018): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/331/1/012020.

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Díaz, J., E. Ros, S. Mota, and R. Rodriguez-Gomez. "FPGA-based architecture for motion sequence extraction." International Journal of Electronics 94, no. 5 (May 2007): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210701294908.

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Samson, M. David. "Zoomscape: Architecture in Motion and Media (review)." Technology and Culture 46, no. 4 (2005): 862–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2006.0039.

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Lawrence, J. "Nucleus and gene expression: motion meets architecture." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 15, no. 3 (June 2003): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-0674(03)00053-x.

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Chee, Lilian, Jiat-Hwee Chang, and Bobby C. T. Wong. "Introduction -‘Tropicality-in-motion’: Situating tropical architecture." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 32, no. 3 (November 2011): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2011.00433.x.

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Arias-Estrada, Miguel, Marc Tremblay, and Denis Poussart. "A Focal Plane Architecture for Motion Computation." Real-Time Imaging 2, no. 6 (December 1996): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtim.1996.0036.

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Babionitakis, Konstantinos, Gregory A. Doumenis, George Georgakarakos, George Lentaris, Kostantinos Nakos, Dionysios Reisis, Ioannis Sifnaios, and Nikolaos Vlassopoulos. "A real-time motion estimation FPGA architecture." Journal of Real-Time Image Processing 3, no. 1-2 (January 8, 2008): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11554-007-0070-9.

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Liang, Jifei. "Human Boxing Motion Prediction Using Neural Networks." OA Journal of Computer Networking 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/oajcn.2022.09.007.

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Numerous thoughts that were previously deemed inconceivable have become a reality as a result of decades of technical progress and improvement. While flying automobiles are still in the far future, artificial intelligence that can predict your next move is rapidly approaching. Human motion prediction is a relatively new area of active research that is interesting for it’s potential of improving robot’s and other machinery’s ability to work with human, such as passing objects to human, and avoiding crash into human, etc. This thesis focuses on predicting human boxing moves based on RGB visual input as an artificially intelligent boxing trainer with the help of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). I study and compares the performance of six distinct neural network architectures. I have method 1, which includes four model architectures taking 3D joint data as input, and method 2, which includes two architectures that take RGB image as input. Based on the results of all my research, I have discovered the most effective and efficient architecture for scenarios with sparse data based on the outcome of my study.

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Kim, Jihoon, Jiseob Kim, and Sungjoon Choi. "FLAME: Free-Form Language-Based Motion Synthesis & Editing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 7 (June 26, 2023): 8255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i7.25996.

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Text-based motion generation models are drawing a surge of interest for their potential for automating the motion-making process in the game, animation, or robot industries. In this paper, we propose a diffusion-based motion synthesis and editing model named FLAME. Inspired by the recent successes in diffusion models, we integrate diffusion-based generative models into the motion domain. FLAME can generate high-fidelity motions well aligned with the given text. Also, it can edit the parts of the motion, both frame-wise and joint-wise, without any fine-tuning. FLAME involves a new transformer-based architecture we devise to better handle motion data, which is found to be crucial to manage variable-length motions and well attend to free-form text. In experiments, we show that FLAME achieves state-of-the-art generation performances on three text-motion datasets: HumanML3D, BABEL, and KIT. We also demonstrate that FLAME’s editing capability can be extended to other tasks such as motion prediction or motion in-betweening, which have been previously covered by dedicated models.

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Justa, Josef, Václav Šmídl, and Aleš Hamáček. "Deep Learning Methods for Speed Estimation of Bipedal Motion from Wearable IMU Sensors." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 3865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103865.

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The estimation of the speed of human motion from wearable IMU sensors is required in applications such as pedestrian dead reckoning. In this paper, we test deep learning methods for the prediction of the motion speed from raw readings of a low-cost IMU sensor. Each subject was observed using three sensors at the shoe, shin, and thigh. We show that existing general-purpose architectures outperform classical feature-based approaches and propose a novel architecture tailored for this task. The proposed architecture is based on a semi-supervised variational auto-encoder structure with innovated decoder in the form of a dense layer with a sinusoidal activation function. The proposed architecture achieved the lowest average error on the test data. Analysis of sensor placement reveals that the best location for the sensor is the shoe. Significant accuracy gain was observed when all three sensors were available. All data acquired in this experiment and the code of the estimation methods are available for download.

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Chen, Yi-Hau, Chih-Chi Cheng, Tzu-Der Chuang, Ching-Yeh Chen, Shao-Yi Chien, and Liang-Gee Chen. "Efficient Architecture Design of Motion-Compensated Temporal Filtering/Motion Compensated Prediction Engine." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2007.913759.

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Pei-Chuan Liu, Wen-Thong Chang, and Wen-Zen Shen. "Combinative motion estimation algorithm and the corresponding architecture for complex motion phenomenon." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 44, no. 1 (1998): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.663736.

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Grossberg, Stephen, and Michael E. Rudd. "A neural architecture for visual motion perception: Group and element apparent motion." Neural Networks 2, no. 6 (January 1989): 421–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(89)90042-7.

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Loizos, Yorgos. "Scaffoldings in domestic architecture." Design Ecologies 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 107–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/des_00020_1.

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Scaffoldings often make the buildings look intriguing, overlapping and obscuring areas that are about to change and evolve. The article explores ways architecture can engage the inhabitant as an active participant in the design process. It discusses the scaffolding as a design continuum that provides opportunities for the architecture to continually adjust and reconfigure. It explores intersections of architecture with visual arts, such as surrealist photography, painting and filmmaking, emphasizing on the motion of the human body and how studying relevant examples might offer propositional opportunities to architectural design. A design outcome of my research practice, discussed in the article, is the design of an experimental dwelling titled Analogical House. To unpack in more depth, it focuses on one of the domestic fragments of the dwelling – the Staircase – and the iterative design experiments that inform its design process. A new type of architectural machine – The Darkroom Probe – is developed to explore the dwelling by creating a series of architectural drawings through a series of prototypes and photographic set pieces. Their findings, often analogue and digital hybrids, gradually form the Analogical House.

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Ruggiu, Maurizio, and Xianwen Kong. "Reconfiguration Analysis of an RRRRS Single-Loop Mechanism." Robotics 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics7030051.

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The paper deals with the reconfiguration analysis of the single-loop variable degree-of-freedom (DOF) RRRRS mechanism composed of five links connected by four revolute (R) joints and one spherical (S) joint. The mechanism may show two modes of motion: one-DOF and two-DOF motion. In the paper, a classical vector procedure is used to obtain the quartic motion equation (QME) that allows one to inspect the nature of the motion. In general, the solutions of the QME provide the one-DOF motion of the mechanism except when all the coefficients of the equation vanish. In this case, the mechanism undergoes the two-DOF motion. The motion of the mechanism built according to two specific architectures was analyzed by the numerical solutions of the QME and with the help of the solid model of the mechanism. It is revealed for the first time that the perpendicular architecture has one 2-DOF motion and two 1-DOF motion modes.

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Kumar, Ankur N., Kurt W. Short, and David W. Piston. "A Motion Correction Framework for Time Series Sequences in Microscopy Images." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 2 (February 15, 2013): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612014250.

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AbstractWith the advent of in vivo laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques, time-series and three-dimensional volumes of living tissue and vessels at micron scales can be acquired to firmly analyze vessel architecture and blood flow. Analysis of a large number of image stacks to extract architecture and track blood flow manually is cumbersome and prone to observer bias. Thus, an automated framework to accomplish these analytical tasks is imperative. The first initiative toward such a framework is to compensate for motion artifacts manifest in these microscopy images. Motion artifacts in in vivo microscopy images are caused by respiratory motion, heart beats, and other motions from the specimen. Consequently, the amount of motion present in these images can be large and hinders further analysis of these images. In this article, an algorithmic framework for the correction of time-series images is presented. The automated algorithm is comprised of a rigid and a nonrigid registration step based on shape contexts. The framework performs considerably well on time-series image sequences of the islets of Langerhans and provides for the pivotal step of motion correction in the further automatic analysis of microscopy images.

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Axford, David Timothy, Robert Potra, Richard Appleyard, Janos Tomka, Antonio Arenas-Miquelez, Desmond Bokor, Louis Ferreira, and Sumit Raniga. "Development of a Cadaveric Shoulder Motion Simulator with Open-Loop Iterative Learning for Dynamic, Multiplanar Motion: A Preliminary Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2023): 4596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144596.

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Ex vivo shoulder motion simulators are commonly used to study shoulder biomechanics but are often limited to performing simple planar motions at quasi-static speeds using control architectures that do not allow muscles to be deactivated. The purpose of this study was to develop an open-loop tendon excursion controller with iterative learning and independent muscle control to simulate complex multiplanar motion at functional speeds and allow for muscle deactivation. The simulator performed abduction/adduction, faceted circumduction, and abduction/adduction (subscapularis deactivation) using a cadaveric shoulder with an implanted reverse total shoulder prosthesis. Kinematic tracking accuracy and repeatability were assessed using maximum absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and average standard deviation (ASD). During abduction/adduction and faceted circumduction, the RMSE did not exceed 0.3, 0.7, and 0.8 degrees for elevation, plane of elevation, and axial rotation, respectively. During abduction/adduction, the ASD did not exceed 0.2 degrees. Abduction/adduction (subscapularis deactivation) resulted in a loss of internal rotation, which could not be restored at low elevation angles. This study presents a novel control architecture, which can accurately simulate complex glenohumeral motion. This simulator will be used as a testing platform to examine the effect of shoulder pathology, treatment, and rehabilitation on joint biomechanics during functional shoulder movements.

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Narayanan, Madusudanan Sathia, Srikanth Kannan, Xiaobo Zhou, Frank Mendel, and Venkat Krovi. "Parallel Architecture Manipulators for Use in Masticatory Studies." International Journal of Intelligent Mechatronics and Robotics 1, no. 4 (October 2011): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijimr.2011100106.

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There is considerable scientific and commercial interest in understanding the mechanics of mastication. In this paper, the authors develop quantitative engineering tools to enable this process by: (i) designing a general purpose mastication simulator test-bed based on parallel architecture manipulator, capable of producing the requisite motions and forces; and (ii) validating this simulator with a range of test-foods, undergoing various mastication cycles under controlled and monitored circumstances. Such an implementation provides a test bed to quantitatively characterize the mastication based on “chewability index”. Due to the inherent advantages of locating actuators at the base (ground) in terms of actuator efforts and structural rigidity as well as benefits of using prismatic sliders compared to revolute actuators, the 6-P-U-S system was chosen. A detailed symbolic kinematic analysis was then conducted. For the practical implementation of the test-bed, the analytical Jacobian was examined for singularities and the design was adapted to ensure singularity free operation. A comprehensive parametric study was undertaken to obtain optimal design parameters for desired workspace and end effector forces. Experiments captured jaw motion trajectories using the high speed motion capture system which served as an input to the hardware-in-the-loop simulator platform.

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Li, Yuzhi, Feng Tian, Haojun Xu, and Tianfeng Lu. "Toward Unified and Quantitative Cinematic Shot Attribute Analysis." Electronics 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2023): 4174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194174.

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Cinematic Shot Attribute Analysis aims to analyze the intrinsic attributes of movie shots, such as movement and scale. In previous methods, specialized architectures were designed for each specific task and relied on the use of optical flow maps. In this paper, we consider shot attribute analysis as a unified task of motion–static weight allocation, and propose a motion–static dual-path architecture for recognizing various shot attributes. In this architecture, we design a new action cue generation module for adapting the end-to-end training process instead of a pre-trained optical flow network; and, to address the issue of limited samples in movie shot datasets, we design a fixed-size adjustment strategy to enable the network to directly utilize pre-trained vision transformer models while adapting to shot data inputs at arbitrary sample rates. In addition, we quantitatively analyze the sensitivity of different shot attributes to motion and static features for the first time. Subsequent experimental results on two datasets, MovieShots and AVE, demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms all previous approaches without increasing computational cost.

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Kirda, Engin, and Harald Gall. "A Service Architecture for Mobile Teamwork." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 13, no. 04 (August 2003): 447–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194003001342.

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Mobile teamwork has become an emerging requirement in the daily business of large enterprises. Employees collaborate across locations and need team support while they are on the move. Business documents and expertise need to be shared independent of the actual location or connectivity (e.g., access through a mobile phone, laptop, Personal Digital Assistant, etc.) of employees. Although many collaboration tools and systems exist, most do not deal with new demanding requirements such as locating artifacts and experts through distributed searches, advanced information subscription and notification, and mobile information sharing and access. The MOTION service architecture that we have developed supports mobile teamwork by taking into account the different connectivity modes of users, provides access support for various devices such as laptop computers and mobile phones, and uses XML meta data and the XML Query Language (XQL) for distributed searches and subscriptions. In this article, we describe the architecture and the components of our generic MOTION services platform for building collaborative applications. The MOTION platform is currently being evaluated in two large industry case-studies.

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