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1

Huber, Meghan E., Charlotte Folinus, and Neville Hogan. "Visual perception of joint stiffness from multijoint motion." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 1 (2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00514.2018.

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Humans have an astonishing ability to extract hidden information from the movements of others. For example, even with limited kinematic information, humans can distinguish between biological and nonbiological motion, identify the age and gender of a human demonstrator, and recognize what action a human demonstrator is performing. It is unknown, however, whether they can also estimate hidden mechanical properties of another’s limbs simply by observing their motions. Strictly speaking, identifying an object’s mechanical properties, such as stiffness, requires contact. With only motion informatio
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Abdai, Judit, Bence Ferdinandy, Cristina Baño Terencio, Ákos Pogány, and Ádám Miklósi. "Perception of animacy in dogs and humans." Biology Letters 13, no. 6 (2017): 20170156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0156.

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Humans have a tendency to perceive inanimate objects as animate based on simple motion cues. Although animacy is considered as a complex cognitive property, this recognition seems to be spontaneous. Researchers have found that young human infants discriminate between dependent and independent movement patterns. However, quick visual perception of animate entities may be crucial to non-human species as well. Based on general mammalian homology, dogs may possess similar skills to humans. Here, we investigated whether dogs and humans discriminate similarly between dependent and independent motion
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Vaina, L. M., J. Solomon, S. Chowdhury, P. Sinha, and J. W. Belliveau. "Functional neuroanatomy of biological motion perception in humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 20 (2001): 11656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.191374198.

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4

Kéri, Szabolcs, and György Benedek. "Oxytocin enhances the perception of biological motion in humans." Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 9, no. 3 (2009): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/cabn.9.3.237.

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5

Cloherty, Shaun L., Jacob L. Yates, Dina Graf, Gregory C. DeAngelis, and Jude F. Mitchell. "Motion Perception in the Common Marmoset." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (2019): 2659–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz267.

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Abstract Visual motion processing is a well-established model system for studying neural population codes in primates. The common marmoset, a small new world primate, offers unparalleled opportunities to probe these population codes in key motion processing areas, such as cortical areas MT and MST, because these areas are accessible for imaging and recording at the cortical surface. However, little is currently known about the perceptual abilities of the marmoset. Here, we introduce a paradigm for studying motion perception in the marmoset and compare their psychophysical performance with huma
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Agrochao, Margarida, Ryosuke Tanaka, Emilio Salazar-Gatzimas, and Damon A. Clark. "Mechanism for analogous illusory motion perception in flies and humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 37 (2020): 23044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002937117.

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Visual motion detection is one of the most important computations performed by visual circuits. Yet, we perceive vivid illusory motion in stationary, periodic luminance gradients that contain no true motion. This illusion is shared by diverse vertebrate species, but theories proposed to explain this illusion have remained difficult to test. Here, we demonstrate that in the fruit fly Drosophila, the illusory motion percept is generated by unbalanced contributions of direction-selective neurons’ responses to stationary edges. First, we found that flies, like humans, perceive sustained motion in
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Bill, Johannes, Hrag Pailian, Samuel J. Gershman, and Jan Drugowitsch. "Hierarchical structure is employed by humans during visual motion perception." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 39 (2020): 24581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008961117.

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In the real world, complex dynamic scenes often arise from the composition of simpler parts. The visual system exploits this structure by hierarchically decomposing dynamic scenes: When we see a person walking on a train or an animal running in a herd, we recognize the individual’s movement as nested within a reference frame that is, itself, moving. Despite its ubiquity, surprisingly little is understood about the computations underlying hierarchical motion perception. To address this gap, we developed a class of stimuli that grant tight control over statistical relations among object velociti
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8

Niedeggen, Michael, and Eugene R. Wist. "Motion evoked brain potentials parallel the consistency of coherent motion perception in humans." Neuroscience Letters 246, no. 2 (1998): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00222-5.

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9

Asadi, Houshyar, Shady Mohamed, Chee Peng Lim, Saeid Nahavandi, and Eugene Nalivaiko. "Semicircular canal modeling in human perception." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28, no. 5 (2017): 537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2016-0058.

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AbstractThe human vestibular system is a sensory and equilibrium system that manages and controls the human sense of balance and movement. It is the main sensor humans use to perceive rotational and linear motions. Determining an accurate mathematical model of the human vestibular system is significant for research pertaining to motion perception, as the quality and effectiveness of the motion cueing algorithm (MCA) directly depends on the mathematical model used in its design. This paper describes the history and analyses the development process of mathematical semicircular canal models. The
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Tobimatsu, Shozo, Yoshinobu Goto, Takao Yamasaki, Reimi Tsurusawa, and Takayuki Taniwaki. "Non-invasive Evaluation of Face and Motion Perception in Humans." Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science 23, no. 6 (2004): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/jpa.23.273.

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11

Bill, Johannes, Hrag Pailian, Samuel J. Gershman, and Jan Drugowitsch. "Hierarchical motion structure is employed by humans during visual perception." Journal of Vision 19, no. 10 (2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.10.282.

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12

Nankoo, Jean-François, Christopher R. Madan, Marcia L. Spetch, and Douglas R. Wylie. "Perception of complex motion in humans and pigeons (Columba livia)." Experimental Brain Research 232, no. 6 (2014): 1843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-3876-2.

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13

Unno, Shumpei, Reiko Kuno, Masato Inoue, Yasuo Nagasaka, and Akichika Mikami. "Perception of shape-from-motion in macaque monkeys and humans." Primates 44, no. 2 (2003): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-002-0023-7.

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14

Intriligator, James M., Ruiman Xie, and Jason J. S. Barton. "Blindsight Modulation of Motion Perception." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 8 (2002): 1174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892902760807186.

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Monkey data suggest that of all perceptual abilities, motion perception is the most likely to survive striate damage. The results of studies on motion blindsight in humans, though, are mixed. We used an indirect strategy to examine how responses to visible stimuli were modulated by blind-field stimuli. In a 26-year-old man with focal striate lesions, discrimination of visible optic flow was enhanced about 7% by blind-field flow, even though discrimination of optic flow in the blind field alone (the direct strategy) was at chance. Pursuit of an imagined target using peripheral cues showed reduc
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15

Antal, Andrea, Michael A. Nitsche, Wolfgang Kruse, Tamás Z. Kincses, Klaus-Peter Hoffmann, and Walter Paulus. "Direct Current Stimulation over V5 Enhances Visuomotor Coordination by Improving Motion Perception in Humans." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 4 (2004): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892904323057263.

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The primary aim of this study was to determine the extent to which human MT+/V5, an extrastriate visual area known to mediate motion processing, is involved in visuomotor coordination. To pursue this we increased or decreased the excitability of MT+/V5, primary motor, and primary visual cortex by the application of 7 min of anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in healthy human subjects while they were performing a visuomotor tracking task involving hand movements. The percentage of correct tracking movements increased specifically during and immediately after cath
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16

Hirai, Masahiro, Hirokata Fukushima, and Kazuo Hiraki. "An event-related potentials study of biological motion perception in humans." Neuroscience Letters 344, no. 1 (2003): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00413-0.

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17

Tashiro, K., T. Yamasaki, T. Kuroda, K. Ogata, Y. Goto, and S. Tobimatsu. "Effect of low-frequency rTMS on coherent motion perception in humans." Clinical Neurophysiology 118, no. 9 (2007): e197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.05.039.

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18

Peng, Yujia, Hongjing Lu, and Scott P. Johnson. "Infant perception of causal motion produced by humans and inanimate objects." Infant Behavior and Development 64 (August 2021): 101615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101615.

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19

Yong, N. Au, G. D. Paige, and S. H. Seidman. "Multiple Sensory Cues Underlying the Perception of Translation and Path." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 2 (2007): 1100–1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00694.2006.

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The translational linear vestibuloocular reflex compensates most accurately for high frequencies of head translation, with response magnitude decreasing with declining stimulus frequency. However, studies of the perception of translation typically report robust responses even at low frequencies or during prolonged motion. This inconsistency may reflect the incorporation of nondirectional sensory information associated with the vibration and noise that typically accompany translation, into motion perception. We investigated the perception of passive translation in humans while dissociating nond
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20

van Boxtel, Jeroen J. A., Raymond van Ee, and Casper J. Erkelens. "A Single System Explains Human Speed Perception." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 11 (2006): 1808–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1808.

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Motion is fully described by a direction and a speed. The processing of direction information by the visual system has been extensively studied; much less is known, however, about the processing of speed. Although it is generally accepted that the direction of motion is processed by a single motion system, no such consensus exists for speed. Psychophysical data from humans suggest two separate systems processing luminance-based fast and slow speeds, whereas neurophysiological recordings in monkeys generally show continuous speed representation, hinting at a single system. Although the neurophy
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21

Bischof, Walter E., Sheri L. Reid, Doug R. W. Wylie, and Marcia L. Spetch. "Perception of coherent motion in random dot displays by pigeons and humans." Perception & Psychophysics 61, no. 6 (1999): 1089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03207616.

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22

Schallmo, Michael-Paul, Rachel Millin, Alex M. Kale, et al. "Glutamatergic facilitation of neural responses in MT enhances motion perception in humans." NeuroImage 184 (January 2019): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.001.

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23

Sarangi, Viswadeep, Adar Pelah, William Edward Hahn, and Elan Barenholtz. "Neural and Neuromimetic Perception: A Comparative Study of Gender Classification from Human Gait." Journal of Perceptual Imaging 3, no. 1 (2020): 10402–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.percept.imaging.2020.3.1.010402.

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Abstract Humans are adept at perceiving biological motion for purposes such as the discrimination of gender. Observers classify the gender of a walker at significantly above chance levels from a point-light distribution of joint trajectories. However, performance drops to chance level or below for vertically inverted stimuli, a phenomenon known as the inversion effect. This lack of robustness may reflect either a generic learning mechanism that has been exposed to insufficient instances of inverted stimuli or the activation of specialized mechanisms that are pre-tuned to upright stimuli. To ad
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24

Kim, HyunGoo R., Dora E. Angelaki, and Gregory C. DeAngelis. "The neural basis of depth perception from motion parallax." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1697 (2016): 20150256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0256.

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In addition to depth cues afforded by binocular vision, the brain processes relative motion signals to perceive depth. When an observer translates relative to their visual environment, the relative motion of objects at different distances (motion parallax) provides a powerful cue to three-dimensional scene structure. Although perception of depth based on motion parallax has been studied extensively in humans, relatively little is known regarding the neural basis of this visual capability. We review recent advances in elucidating the neural mechanisms for representing depth-sign (near versus fa
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25

Tarawneh, Ghaith, Lisa Jones, Vivek Nityananda, Ronny Rosner, Claire Rind, and Jenny Read. "Apparent Motion Perception in the Praying Mantis: Psychophysics and Modelling." Vision 2, no. 3 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision2030032.

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Apparent motion is the perception of motion created by rapidly presenting still frames in which objects are displaced in space. Observers can reliably discriminate the direction of apparent motion when inter-frame object displacement is below a certain limit, Dmax . Earlier studies of motion perception in humans found that Dmax is lower-bounded at around 15 arcmin, and thereafter scales with the size of the spatial elements in the images. Here, we run corresponding experiments in the praying mantis Sphodromantis lineola to investigate how Dmax scales with the element size. We use random moving
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Lages, Martin, and Suzanne Heron. "On the Aperture Problem of Binocular 3D Motion Perception." Vision 3, no. 4 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision3040064.

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Like many predators, humans have forward-facing eyes that are set a short distance apart so that an extensive region of the visual field is seen from two different points of view. The human visual system can establish a three-dimensional (3D) percept from the projection of images into the left and right eye. How the visual system integrates local motion and binocular depth in order to accomplish 3D motion perception is still under investigation. Here, we propose a geometric-statistical model that combines noisy velocity constraints with a spherical motion prior to solve the aperture problem in
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27

Linares, Daniel, and Alex O. Holcombe. "Position Perception: Influence of Motion With Displacement Dissociated From the Influence of Motion Alone." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 5 (2008): 2472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90682.2008.

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When humans view a moving object, the spatial lag in perception expected from neural delays may be partially corrected by motion mechanisms biasing perceived position. The drifting-Gabor illusion seems to support this view: the perceived location of a static envelope filled with a moving pattern is shifted in the direction of motion. To test whether this shifting mechanism also extrapolates the position of moving displacing objects, we compared the perceptual position shift for drifting versus displacing Gabors when the motion is toward the fovea and when the motion is away from the fovea. For
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De Agrò, Massimo, Daniela C. Rößler, Kris Kim, and Paul S. Shamble. "Perception of biological motion by jumping spiders." PLOS Biology 19, no. 7 (2021): e3001172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001172.

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The body of most creatures is composed of interconnected joints. During motion, the spatial location of these joints changes, but they must maintain their distances to one another, effectively moving semirigidly. This pattern, termed “biological motion” in the literature, can be used as a visual cue, enabling many animals (including humans) to distinguish animate from inanimate objects. Crucially, even artificially created scrambled stimuli, with no recognizable structure but that maintains semirigid movement patterns, are perceived as animated. However, to date, biological motion perception h
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Farell, Bart, and Bela Julesz. "Globally Perceived Directional Flow in Static Images." Perception 18, no. 2 (1989): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180155.

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Visual sensitivity to spatial direction has classically been associated with motion perception. Yet humans are adept at deriving directional information in the absence of motion, as when they read maps, or follow arrows or animal tracks. Experiments are reported on the perception of parallel arrow-like forms in which a specific visual sensitivity to static direction is demonstrated. Global processing is operationally defined in terms of the relative discriminability of sets and subsets of stimulus elements; a set of parallel elements and a set in which one element is antiparallel to the rest a
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Lamberty, Kathrin, René Gobbelé, Felix Schoth, Helmut Buchner, and Till D. Waberski. "The temporal pattern of motion in depth perception derived from ERPs in humans." Neuroscience Letters 439, no. 2 (2008): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.101.

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31

Barton, Jason J. S., James A. Sharpe, and Jane E. Raymond. "Directional defects in pursuit and motion perception in humans with unilateral cerebral lesions." Brain 119, no. 5 (1996): 1535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/119.5.1535.

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32

Huxlin, K. R., J. Williams, B. Sullivan, and M. Hayhoe. "Training-induced improvements of visual motion perception after V1 cortical damage in humans." Journal of Vision 5, no. 8 (2005): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/5.8.708.

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33

Troscianko, Tom, Christopher P. Benton, P. George Lovell, David J. Tolhurst, and Zygmunt Pizlo. "Camouflage and visual perception." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1516 (2008): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0218.

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How does an animal conceal itself from visual detection by other animals? This review paper seeks to identify general principles that may apply in this broad area. It considers mechanisms of visual encoding, of grouping and object encoding, and of search. In most cases, the evidence base comes from studies of humans or species whose vision approximates to that of humans. The effort is hampered by a relatively sparse literature on visual function in natural environments and with complex foraging tasks. However, some general constraints emerge as being potentially powerful principles in understa
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34

POLLICK, FRANK E., JOSHUA G. HALE, and MARIA TZONEVA-HADJIGEORGIEVA. "PERCEPTION OF HUMANOID MOVEMENT." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 02, no. 03 (2005): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984360500048x.

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With the ultimate goal of producing natural-looking movements in humanoid robots and virtual humans, we examined the visual perception of movements generated by different models of movement generation. The models of movement generation included 14 synthetic motion generation algorithms based on theories of human motor production. In addition, we obtained motion from recordings of actual human movement. The resulting movements were applied to both a humanoid robot and a computer graphics virtual human. The computational efficiency of the motion production algorithms is described. In Experiment
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35

Callan, Akiko, Daniel Callan, and Hiroshi Ando. "The Importance of Spatiotemporal Information in Biological Motion Perception: White Noise Presented with a Step-like Motion Activates the Biological Motion Area." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 2 (2017): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01046.

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Humans can easily recognize the motion of living creatures using only a handful of point-lights that describe the motion of the main joints (biological motion perception). This special ability to perceive the motion of animate objects signifies the importance of the spatiotemporal information in perceiving biological motion. The posterior STS (pSTS) and posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) region have been established by many functional neuroimaging studies as a locus for biological motion perception. Because listening to a walking human also activates the pSTS/pMTG region, the region has be
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36

Kolev, Ognyan I. "The directions of nystagmus and apparent self-motion evoked by caloric tests and angular accelerations." Journal of Vestibular Research 11, no. 6 (2002): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2002-11601.

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Purpose: To further investigate the direction of (I) nystagmus and (II) self-motion perception induced by two stimuli: (a) caloric vestibular stimulations and (b) a sudden halt during vertical axis rotation. Subjects and methods: Twelve normal humans received caloric stimulation at 44°C, 30°C, and 20°C while in a supine position with the head inclined 30° upwards. In a second test they were rotated around the vertical axis with the head randomly placed in two positions: tilted 30° forward or tilted 60° backward, at a constant velocity of 90°/sec for 2 minutes and then suddenly stopped. After b
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37

Kobayashi, Yuji, Aihide Yoshino, Masaru Kawamoto, Yoshitomo Takahashi, and Soichiro Nomura. "Perception of apparent motion in depth: a high-density electrical mapping study in humans." Neuroscience Letters 354, no. 2 (2004): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.018.

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38

Straube, A., W. Paulus, and T. Probst. "Influence of head or trunk oscillations on visually induced self-motion perception in humans." Neuroscience Letters 76, no. 2 (1987): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(87)90723-3.

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39

Crane, Benjamin T. "Perception of combined translation and rotation in the horizontal plane in humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 3 (2016): 1275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00322.2016.

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Thresholds and biases of human motion perception were determined for yaw rotation and sway (left-right) and surge (fore-aft) translation, independently and in combination. Stimuli were 1 Hz sinusoid in acceleration with a peak velocity of 14°/s or cm/s. Test stimuli were adjusted based on prior responses, whereas the distracting stimulus was constant. Seventeen human subjects between the ages of 20 and 83 completed the experiments and were divided into 2 groups: younger and older than 50. Both sway and surge translation thresholds significantly increased when combined with yaw rotation. Rotati
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Husain, Masud, Stefan Treue, and Richard A. Andersen. "Surface Interpolation in Three-Dimensional Structure-from-Motion Perception." Neural Computation 1, no. 3 (1989): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1989.1.3.324.

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Although it is appreciated that humans can use a number of visual cues to perceive the three-dimensional (3-D) shape of an object, for example, luminance, orientation, binocular disparity, and motion, the exact mechanisms employed are not known (De Yoe and Van Essen 1988). An important approach to understanding the computations performed by the visual system is to develop algorithms (Marr 1982) or neural network models (Lehky and Sejnowski 1988; Siegel 1987) that are capable of computing shape from specific cues in the visual image. In this study we investigated the ability of observers to see
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41

Sadeghi, Navid G., Vani Pariyadath, Sameer Apte, David M. Eagleman, and Erik P. Cook. "Neural Correlates of Subsecond Time Distortion in the Middle Temporal Area of Visual Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 12 (2011): 3829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00071.

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How does the brain represent the passage of time at the subsecond scale? Although different conceptual models for time perception have been proposed, its neurophysiological basis remains unknown. We took advantage of a visual duration illusion produced by stimulus novelty to link changes in cortical activity in monkeys with distortions of duration perception in humans. We found that human subjects perceived the duration of a subsecond motion pulse with a novel direction longer than a motion pulse with a repeated direction. Recording from monkeys viewing identical motion stimuli but performing
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42

Vacher, Jonathan, Andrew Isaac Meso, Laurent U. Perrinet, and Gabriel Peyré. "Bayesian Modeling of Motion Perception Using Dynamical Stochastic Textures." Neural Computation 30, no. 12 (2018): 3355–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01142.

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A common practice to account for psychophysical biases in vision is to frame them as consequences of a dynamic process relying on optimal inference with respect to a generative model. The study presented here details the complete formulation of such a generative model intended to probe visual motion perception with a dynamic texture model. It is derived in a set of axiomatic steps constrained by biological plausibility. We extend previous contributions by detailing three equivalent formulations of this texture model. First, the composite dynamic textures are constructed by the random aggregati
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Soechting, John F., Leigh A. Mrotek, and Martha Flanders. "Time constants in the perception of a change in the direction of motion in humans." Neuroscience Letters 348, no. 1 (2003): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00712-2.

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44

Plant, G. T., K. D. Laxer, N. M. Barbaro, J. S. Schiffman, and K. Nakayama. "Impaired visual motion perception in the contralateral hemifield following unilateral posterior cerebral lesions in humans." Brain 116, no. 6 (1993): 1303–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/116.6.1303.

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45

Nankoo, Jean-Francois, Christopher R. Madan, Jeffrey Sawalha, et al. "The contribution of nonrigid motion and shape information to object perception in pigeons and humans." Journal of Vision 17, no. 6 (2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.6.17.

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46

Weiner, V. S., P. H. Schiller, and Y. Zhang. "How effective are disparity and motion parallax cues for depth perception in monkeys and humans?" Journal of Vision 6, no. 6 (2010): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/6.6.343.

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47

Tychsen, Lawrence, Antonella Rastelli, Scott Steinman, and Barbara Steinman. "BIASES OF MOTION PERCEPTION REVEALED BY REVERSING GRATINGS IN HUMANS WHO HAD INFANTILE-ONSET STRABISMUS." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 38, no. 5 (2008): 408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15099.x.

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SECORA, KRISTEN, and KAREN EMMOREY. "The Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect in ASL: the role of semantics vs. perception." Language and Cognition 7, no. 2 (2014): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2014.40.

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abstractEmbodied theories of cognition propose that humans use sensorimotor systems in processing language. The Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect (ACE) refers to the finding that motor responses are facilitated after comprehending sentences that imply movement in the same direction. In sign languages there is a potential conflict between sensorimotor systems and linguistic semantics: movement away from the signer is perceived as motion toward the comprehender. We examined whether perceptual processing of sign movement or verb semantics modulate the ACE. Deaf ASL signers performed a semantic
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Frenz, Harald, and Markus Lappe. "Visual Distance Estimation in Static Compared to Moving Virtual Scenes." Spanish Journal of Psychology 9, no. 2 (2006): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006223.

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Visual motion is used to control direction and speed of self-motion and time-to-contact with an obstacle. In earlier work, we found that human subjects can discriminate between the distances of different visually simulated self-motions in a virtual scene. Distance indication in terms of an exocentric interval adjustment task, however, revealed linear correlation between perceived and indicated distances but with a profound distance underestimation. One possible explanation for this underestimation is the perception of visual space in virtual environments. Humans perceive visual space in natura
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Harris, L. R., M. R. Jenkin, D. Zikovitz, et al. "Simulating Self-Motion I: Cues for the Perception of Motion." Virtual Reality 6, no. 2 (2002): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100550200008.

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