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Journal articles on the topic 'Motivated offender'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Lantz, Brendan, and R. Barry Ruback. "A Networked Boost: Burglary Co-Offending and Repeat Victimization Using a Network Approach." Crime & Delinquency 63, no. 9 (2015): 1066–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128715597695.

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Burglarized locations are at an elevated risk of re-victimization soon after an initial offense. The current study uses a two-mode network approach to examine three possible mechanisms of repeat victimization: (a) The characteristics of a location make the target attractive to all motivated offenders, (b) the same offender returns to the offense location multiple times, or (c) other offender(s), to whom the primary offender is connected, commit subsequent offenses. The results support all three mechanisms, but particularly the same offender returning for subsequent offenses. These “returners”
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2

Quinn, Anthony. "Vehicle Crime, CPTED, and Offending under the Influence: A Qualitative Investigation of Offender Perceptions." Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030088.

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Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) can impact upon where an offender decides to commit an offence. This is particularly the case for street-level acquisitive crime. There has been little coverage, within research on crime and offending, of how aspects of the built environment might be interpreted by a motivated offender who has a dependency on either illicit drugs, alcohol or both of these. This study draws on qualitative interviews with twenty individuals who have received criminal convictions for vehicle crime offences. Within these offender interviews, images, of repeated
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3

Bernasco, Wim, and Richard Block. "Robberies in Chicago: A Block-Level Analysis of the Influence of Crime Generators, Crime Attractors, and Offender Anchor Points." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 48, no. 1 (2010): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427810384135.

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The effects of crime generators, crime attractors, and offender anchor points on the distribution of street robberies across the nearly 25,000 census blocks of Chicago are examined. The analysis includes a wide array of activities and facilities that are expected to attract criminals and generate crime. These include a variety of legal and illegal businesses and infrastructural accessibility facilitators. In addition to these crime attractors and generators, the role of the presence of motivated offenders’ anchor points, as measured by offenders’ residence and gang activity, is assessed. The a
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4

Gerwinn, Hannah, Simone Weiß, Gilian Tenbergen, et al. "Clinical characteristics associated with paedophilia and child sex offending – Differentiating sexual preference from offence status." European Psychiatry 51 (June 2018): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.02.002.

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AbstractContrary to public perception, child sex offending (CSO) and paedophilia are not the same. Only half of all cases of CSO are motivated by paedophilic preference, and a paedophilic preference does not necessarily lead to CSO. However, studies that investigated clinical factors accompanying and contributing to paedophilia so far mainly relied on paedophiles with a history of CSO. The aim of this study was to distinguish between factors associated with sexual preference (paedophile versus non-paedophile) and offender status (with versus without CSO). Accordingly, a 2 (sexual preference) ×
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Nurse, Angus. "Masculinities and Animal Harm." Men and Masculinities 23, no. 5 (2020): 908–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x20965458.

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This paper explores the role of masculinities in animal harm and conceptions on the Masculinities Offender, primarily motivated by power and masculine behaviors. Within “masculinities crimes,” the exercise of power allied to sport or entertainment is significantly linked to organized crime and gambling. Masculinities crimes also include elements of cruelty or animal abuse and perceptions by offenders of their actions having cultural significance, and where toughness, masculinity, and smartness combine with a love of excitement. Examples include badger digging, badger baiting, cock-fighting, an
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6

Powers, Ráchael A., and Kelly M. Socia. "Racial Animosity, Adversary Effect, and Hate Crime: Parsing Out Injuries in Intraracial, Interracial, and Race-Based Offenses." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 4 (2018): 447–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718779566.

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Although most crime in intraracial, studies suggest that interracial victimization is more injurious. This may be especially true for racially motivated offenses; however, studies of hate crime have not disaggregated which racial dyads are associated with injury, and whether they are more injurious than interracial victimizations generally. Likewise, studies of interracial violence often assume a theoretical framework grounded in racial animosity, but cannot test motivation directly. Using the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), this study compares injuries across intraracial, in
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7

Alalehto, Tage. "Crime prevention in terms of criminal intent criteria in white-collar crime." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 3 (2018): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2017-0051.

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Purpose In the field of crime prevention there are several theoretical approaches explaining why crime occurs and how to prevent it. Three of them – routine activity theory, crime pattern theory and the theory of crime-as-choice – are logically tested in this work. The point of departure is to test if the theories are logical consistent and logical valid, irrespective of whether the criterion for criminal intent is changed from direct intention to negligence. Design/methodology/approach The issues will be explored in a logical structure by a first-order logic propositional analysis. Findings T
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8

Mbuba, Jospeter M. "Lethal Rejection." Prison Journal 92, no. 2 (2012): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885512439009.

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The significance of successful completion of a prison term and the eventual release from prison is that it marks not only the end of incarceration, but also the beginning of a second cycle of societal retribution, which inevitably comes, regardless of whether the former offender is reformed or not. The extent of retribution in the second cycle depends upon the offense type and is more pronounced if the offense was a felony, and particularly so if it was sexually-motivated. This study draws from intensive ethnographic interviews with former prison inmates with the aim of estimating the effect o
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9

Shon, Phillip Chong Ho, and Christopher R. Williams. "An Archival Exploration of 19th-Century American Adult Female Offender Parricides." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 67, no. 3 (2013): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.67.3.a.

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Social and behavioral scientists have increasingly attended to the contexts and motivational dynamics underlying parricidal events. These efforts notwithstanding, most research has focused on adolescent or adult male offender populations. One largely neglected area of study is that of adult female offender parricide. The present study utilizes archival records to examine the contexts and sources of conflict that gave rise to adult female offender parricides in the late 19th century. Three general themes emerged, representing the primary contexts behind adult female offender parricide: (1) abus
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10

Mohammad, Taufik, Intan Nooraini, and Nur Atikah Mohamed Hussin. "Operationalizing routine activity theory in juvenile delinquency: A social work perspective." International Social Work 63, no. 2 (2018): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818796134.

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Routine activity theory, introduced by Cohen and Felson, may be useful in informing social workers to design better interventions with juvenile offenders. This article aims to apply the theory in the juvenile context through operationalizing the three elements specified by the theory – namely an absence of guardianship, a motivated offender and a suitable target. In order to do this, this article reviewed related studies that have been conducted to detail what is necessary to address juvenile delinquency. The operationalizations in this article may be used to advance further research and socia
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11

Vakhitova, Zarina, Julianne Webster, Clair Alston-Knox, Danielle Reynald, and Michael Townsley. "Offender–victim relationship and offender motivation in the context of indirect cyber abuse." International Review of Victimology 24, no. 3 (2018): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758017743073.

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Cyber abuse can be executed directly (e.g. by sending derogatory emails or text messages addressed to the victim) or indirectly (e.g. by posting derogatory, private or false information, documents, images or videos about the victim online). This exploratory, mixed-method triangulated study examines cyber abuse crime events with the goal of identifying factors associated with the increased risk of personal victimization from both direct and indirect methods of cyber abuse. First, in-depth qualitative interviews with cyber abuse victims ( n = 12) were conducted. The interviews were analysed usin
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12

Ozkan, Murat. "A paradigm shift in policing: Crime reduction through problem oriented policing." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (2016): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3764.

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The opportunity theories of crime regards opportunity as a root cause and focus attention on the crime rather than the criminal. In the practical crime prevention efforts, this theoretical framework paved the way for innovative policing strategies like problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention. Policy makers and practitioners accept the motivated offender as given and gather the efforts to prevent offenders accessing sufficient means and opportunities for a crime to occur. This paper describes the link between opportunity theories of crime and successful crime reduction effort
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13

Лопатина, Татьяна, and Tatyana Lopatina. "Conditional-Digital Extortion, or Cyber Blacmail." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 1 (2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7255.

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The article provides the author´s opinion on conditional-digital extortion, the author analises criminal law and criminology issues of understanding cyber blackmail. The article provides a forecast on the transformation of the cyber extortion into serious criminal problem. Internet extortion is viewed as a form of a theft and from the position of profit motivated violate crime against property. The article provides a conclusion that conditional-digital extortion from the criminal law point of view is a property crime, from the criminological point of view is a violate crime and a coer
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Daunt (née Reynolds), Kate L., and Dominique A. Greer. "Unpacking the perceived opportunity to misbehave." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 9/10 (2015): 1505–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-01-2014-0061.

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Purpose – This study aims to use opportunity as a theoretical lens to investigate how the spatio-temporal and social dimensions of the consumption environment create perceived opportunities for consumers to misbehave. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on routine activity theory and social impact theory, the authors use two experiments to demonstrate that spatio-temporal and social dimensions can explain consumer theft in retail settings. Findings – Study 1 reveals mixed empirical support for the basic dimensions of routine activity theory, which posits that the opportunity to thieve is opt
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15

SOROHAN, Ștefana-Iuliana. "Predictibilitate în individualizarea sancțiunilor. Studiu de jurisprudență asupra criteriilor de individualizare a măsurilor educative." Analele Universitării din București Drept 2020, no. 2020 (2020): 292–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/aubd.2020.16.

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The minority status places the offender in an area of ​​vulnerability, which is often within the reach of a combination of factors that influence his attitude towards social values. For this category of offenders, a special criminal liability system has been regulated, with specific sanctions, and the choice of their nature and duration must not be made arbitrarily, as any solution should be predictable and motivated by reference to the degree of social danger of the deeds and the dangerousness of the perpetrator. In order to understand the extent of these concepts it is necessary to perform a
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16

van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., and Eric R. Igou. "On Boredom and Social Identity." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 12 (2011): 1679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211418530.

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People who feel bored experience that their current situation is meaningless and are motivated to reestablish a sense of meaningfulness. Building on the literature that conceptualizes social identification as source of meaningfulness, the authors tested the hypothesis that boredom increases the valuation of ingroups and devaluation of outgroups. Indeed, state boredom increased the liking of an ingroup name (Study 1), it increased hypothetical jail sentences given to an outgroup offender (Study 2 and Study 3), especially in comparison to an ingroup offender (Study 3), it increased positive eval
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Hollow, Matthew. "Money, morals and motives." Journal of Financial Crime 21, no. 2 (2014): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2013-0010.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look in more depth at what motivates bank managers and bank employees to commit fraudulent offences at work. Design/methodology/approach – This exploratory study adopts both quantitative and qualitative methods to better comprehend what motivates bank managers and employees to commit fraud at work. Evidence is taken from a sample of 64 cases of fraud from the UK financial sector. The sample cases were then subdivided in relation to the occupational status of the offender and classified based on the motives of the offender. Findings – The research findi
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18

Yaksic, Enzo. "Moving past sporadic eruptions, discursive killing, and running amok: recognizing the convergence of the serial and spree killer." Journal of Criminal Psychology 9, no. 3 (2019): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-03-2019-0009.

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Purpose Rapid sequence homicide offenders (RSHOs), formerly spree killers, are an understudied population due to the confusion surrounding their classification in relation to serial murderers. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory, comparative analysis of 56 RSHOs and 60 serial murderers was conducted on US-based data from 2014 to 2018 derived from the Consolidated Serial Homicide Offender Database to determine similarities and differences between the cohorts. Findings RSHOs and serial murderers are similar in that they often kill their victims using
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19

Sularto, RB, Suryono, Monica Puspa Dewi, and Kagirenza Alexis Fidele. "Denial of Service (DOS) Attack Identification As A Means To Be A Capable Guardian." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 15019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020215019.

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The presence of computer program equipment intended to ensure the security of the operation of a business or company is surely an inevitability. This tool is a form of the presence of adequate supervision in overcoming deviant behavior (crime) in the midst of changes that occur in society. Routine Activitist Theory analysis has reminded that losses that occur in society such as financial chaos in the Indonesian banking sector can be traced through the identification of attacks on Denial of Service. As well as a combination of other factors in the form of identification is carried out on the mo
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20

Myers, Wesley, and Brendan Lantz. "Reporting Racist Hate Crime Victimization to the Police in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Cross-National Comparison." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 4 (2020): 1034–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa008.

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Abstract Hate is a global phenomenon as evidenced by recent increases in hate crimes in both the United States and the United Kingdom; unfortunately, these crimes are also substantially underreported in both nations. Following this, this research presents an examination of racially motivated hate crimes and victim reporting to the police in both nations using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Crime Survey of England and Wales from 2003 to 2015. Results indicate that, overall, victim reporting has been increasing in the United Kingdom and decreasing in the United States.
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Tennakoon, Hemamali, George Saridakis, and Anne-Marie Mohammed. "Child online safety and parental intervention: a study of Sri Lankan internet users." Information Technology & People 31, no. 3 (2018): 770–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-09-2016-0213.

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PurposeToday’s world of digital and mobile media does not require actual physical contact, between the suitable target and the motivated offender, as with traditional crime. In fact, as Mesch (2009) contended that the internet is not merely an information channel but it creates a new space of activities for children, where they are exposed to motivated offenders and the actors of fourth party. Therefore, for the sake of children’s safety, the practice of parental mediation control is increasingly becoming more pertinent everyday. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine how parental media
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22

Obileye, Abolaji Adewale, and Kayode George. "TRENDS OF KIDNAPPING AND HOSTAGE TAKING IN 21ST CENTURY NIGERIA: A REFLECTIVE DISCOURSE." Caleb Journal of Social and Management Sciences 06, no. 01 (2021): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cjsms2021060108.

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Kidnapping and hostage taking activities have geometrically increased across the world, taking different forms. These activities for money and other reasons have contributed immensely to the state of insecurity of average Nigerian from within and outside the territory. It is on this note that this paper addresses the trends of kidnapping and hostage taking in Nigeria, its causes, implications and how best to arrest the worrisome situation. Relevant existing body of knowledge were reviewed according to the objectives of the paper. The research design for the paper was explanatory in nature wher
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Reynald, Danielle M. "Factors Associated with the Guardianship of Places: Assessing the Relative Importance of the Spatio-Physical and Sociodemographic Contexts in Generating Opportunities for Capable Guardianship." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 48, no. 1 (2011): 110–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427810384138.

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Routine activity theory can be applied to places in which a motivated offender encounters a suitable target that is not effectively guarded. The focus of this article was on the third aspect of this theory as the explanatory power of guardianship was examined and compared to other related contextual factors in explaining criminal victimization at micro-places. This empirical study used an observational measure of guardianship in action in residential places by observing household occupancy, monitoring by residents, and direct intervention during the daytime and nighttime. The results demonstra
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Titochka, Tetiana. "THE ROLE OF A JUVENILE VICTIM IN THE MECHANISM OF PERSONAL CRIMINAL ILLEGAL BEHAVIOR." Law Journal of Donbass 75, no. 2 (2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-75-2-114-123.

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In the article the author considers the role of a minor victim in the mechanism of perverse criminal illegal behavior. It is pointed out that perverse behavior a priori indicates, first of all, the loss of a person's moral values and distortion of adequate worldview, which occurs due to certain mental / psychological disorders. Perversion does not always become the root cause of criminally illegal behavior and is essentially an inadequate, perverted notion of sexual intercourse. However, certain types of sexual deviations require a person to commit illegal acts that will allow him to obtain se
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Hannah-Moffat, Kelly, and Paula Maurutto. "Shifting and targeted forms of penal governance: Bail, punishment and specialized courts." Theoretical Criminology 16, no. 2 (2012): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480612443302.

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Studies of punishment have focused predominantly on emerging forms of penal governance, and the revival of punitive forms of punishment. Although this research helps to raise concerns about forms of penal excess and neoliberal penal patterns, it does not clarify how these strategies co-exist with, modify and are re-assembled with older and sometimes seemingly contradictory penal strategies. Our article examines how practices used by Canadian specialized courts are changing the parameters of punishment and thereby challenging the prevailing theories about neo-liberal punishment. Specialized cou
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Nikitkov, Alexei N., Dan N. Stone, and Timothy C. Miller. "Internal Controls, Routine Activity Theory (RAT), and Sustained Online Auction Deception: A Longitudinal Analysis." Journal of Information Systems 28, no. 1 (2014): 311–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-50708.

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ABSTRACT This paper adapts and extends routine activity theory (RAT) to investigate the co-evolution of eBay's controls with mundane crime in the rapidly growing auction market of 1997–2005. A suspected deceptive seller's eight-year account history indicates the presence of the three market characteristics that RAT identifies as essential for deception: (1) a motivated offender, (2) suitable targets, and (3) an absence of capable guardians (i.e., regulation and eBay controls). The results document the co-evolution of a deceptive seller's tactics with eBay's controls. The investigation introduc
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Twardawski, Mathias, and Benjamin E. Hilbig. "The motivational basis of third-party punishment in children." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0241919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241919.

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People willingly accept personal costs to sanction norm violations even if they are not personally affected by the wrongdoing and even if their sanctioning yields no immediate benefits—a behavior known as third-party punishment. A notable body of literature suggests that this behavior is primarily driven by retribution (i.e., evening out the harm caused), rather than by the utilitarian motives of special prevention (i.e., preventing recidivism), or general prevention (i.e., preventing imitation). This has led to the conclusion that laypeople are “retributivists” in general. More recent evidenc
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Thompson, Sherry A., and Brooke Thompson. "Youthful parricide: child abuse is not the primary motivator (invited paper)." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 4 (2019): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-12-2018-0048.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to share nascent theory, suggesting there are five types of parricide offenders. The old theories are not valid: child abuse is not the primary motivator for parricide events. Design/methodology/approach This research draws on archival data derived from public sources (i.e. court records, offender statements, newspapers, etc.). Findings Child abuse is not the primary motivator for youthful parricide events. However, it appears to remain a factor in the parricide equation. The Good Child Postulate romanticizes youthful parricide offenders and could introduce
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Amirault, Joanna, and Martin Bouchard. "Timing is everything: The role of contextual and terrorism-specific factors in the sentencing outcomes of terrorist offenders." European Journal of Criminology 14, no. 3 (2015): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370815578194.

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The punishment of terrorist offenders remains a relatively unexplored topic. Research is especially needed in the United Kingdom in light of the continued criminalization of terrorism-specific offences and the July 2005 bombings. Using a sample of terrorist offenders convicted in the United Kingdom ( n = 156), the current study examines the impact of legislative and incident-based contextual factors on sentencing outcomes. The findings indicate that changing contextual environments significantly affect sentencing outcomes, and that the effects of being adjudicated at different time points have
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Ledger, Jonathan. "Misunderstanding of Racially Motivated Offenders Policy." Probation Journal 46, no. 4 (1999): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455059904600429.

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Perry, David. "Racially Motivated Offenders: The Way Forward." Probation Journal 49, no. 4 (2002): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455050204900406.

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Court, David. "Direct Work with Racially Motivated Offenders." Probation Journal 50, no. 1 (2003): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550503501004.

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Etrawati, Fenny. "Identification of Risk Factors and Consequences of Sexual Violence in Children." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 11, no. 01 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2020.11.1.1-9.

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An increase in cases of sexual violence against children triggers various health problems in children, both physical, psychological and social. This paper aims to explore the sexual violence on children, risk factors and the impact of sexual violence on children. This study of sexual violence in children refers to various empirical literature studies. Furthermore, the collection of information was analyzed using the problem tree analysis approach to find out the risk factors and their impact on children. Cases of sexual violence in the community are difficult to detect because of the lack of r
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KARL HANSON, R., ROCCO GIZZARELLI, and HEATHER SCOTT. "The Attitudes of Incest Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 21, no. 2 (1994): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854894021002001.

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The attitudes of child molesters often are considered to contribute to their offenses, and the accurate identification of these cognitive distortions can be important to assessment and treatment. Through the administration of a newly created questionnaire, the attitudes of 50 male incest offenders were compared with those of 25 male batterers and 25 men not seeking treatment. Compared to the other groups, the incest offenders showed deviant attitudes in three domains: (a) endorsing attitudes supportive of male sexual privilege (sexual entitlement), (b) perceiving children to be sexually attrac
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Hughes, Sam. "Release Within Confinement: An Alternative Proposal for Managing the Masturbation of Incarcerated Men in U.S. Prisons." Journal of Positive Sexuality 6, no. 1 (2020): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51681/1.611.

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Policies regarding masturbation among incarcerated men vary throughout the United States. To describe the state of these policies, a systematic review of prison masturbation policies was conducted. The review revealed that masturbation among incarcerated men is banned in most U.S. prisons (sometimes in all cases, and other times only when it is intended to disturb others, and/or is public). Furthermore, many states’ Departments of Corrections have made these policies difficult for the public to identify. Prison masturbation bans have been defended on the grounds that they reduce STI transmissi
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Cheng, Kevin Kwok-yin. "Aggravating and Mitigating Factors in Context." New Criminal Law Review 20, no. 3 (2017): 506–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2017.20.3.506.

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Despite the significant role that aggravating and mitigating factors play in sentencing outcomes, they have been neglected by both policy and research. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of culture—which has been deemed to be an “elusive” influence—in the plea mitigation and sentencing process. An empirical study was conducted to examine the effects of both offense-specific and offender-specific factors that may serve to aggravate or mitigate the sentence in a magistrate’s court in Hong Kong. Data was collected through courtroom observations of sentencing hearings (n = 712).
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Dixon, Liz, and David Court. "Developing Good Practice with Racially Motivated Offenders." Probation Journal 50, no. 2 (2003): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550503502006.

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Hankinson, Ian. "Working with Racially Motivated Offenders — Practice Issues." Probation Journal 55, no. 1 (2008): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550507088685.

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Taylor, Pamela J. "Editorial: Psychiatry for sex offenders: Is anyone motivated?" Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 1, no. 2 (1991): iii—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1991.1.2.iii.

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Skrzypiec, Grace. "Adolescents’ Beliefs About Why Young People Commit Crime." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 23, no. 2 (2013): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2013.16.

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The aim of the study was to obtain adolescents’ perspectives about why young people offend. Twenty-four Australian male and female offenders and non-offenders offered insights about what, according to them, motivates young people to become involved in crime. Without the use of sophisticated language, participants offered explanations that were well-aligned with the ‘big three’ theories suggested by Cullen and Agnew (2003) as major criminological theories — namely, control, differential association, and strain theories. Participants also provided explanations that corroborated Carroll, Houghton
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Briken, Peer, Dominique Bourget, and Mathieu Dufour. "Sexual Sadism in Sexual Offenders and Sexually Motivated Homicide." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 37, no. 2 (2014): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2014.03.003.

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Bonny, Paul, Sigi Goode, and David Lacey. "Revisiting employee fraud: gender, investigation outcomes and offender motivation." Journal of Financial Crime 22, no. 4 (2015): 447–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-04-2014-0018.

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Purpose – This paper aims to present the findings of a study examining fraud in the workplace setting, principally in the Australasian context. Although prior research into occupational fraud is conceptually rich, there is a lack of empirical evidence of this important but elusive problem. Design/methodology/approach – Based on investigative data from 14 participating firms, the paper provides insights into the gender breakdowns and stated motivations of offenders. The paper also provides evidence of the number of investigations, interviews and reports to law enforcement in these firms. Findin
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Mustaine, Elizabeth Ehrhardt, and Richard Tewksbury. "Transforming Potential Offenders into Motivated Ones: Are Sex Offenders Tempted by Alcohol and Pornography?" Deviant Behavior 30, no. 7 (2009): 561–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620802467821.

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Wala, Krzysztof. "Glosa do wyroku Sądu Okręgowego we Wrocławiu z dnia 16 lutego 2018 r. (III KK 125/17)." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 28, no. 4 (2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2019.28.4.187-201.

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<p>The current case law regarding the recognition of racially motivated offences as being undertaken without a reason or for an obviously trivial reason can raise serious doubts. It does not seem reasonable to assume the existence of a racial reason of the act of the perpetrator on the one hand, which is necessary for assigning an offence under Article 119 § 1 and Article 257 of the Criminal Code, and on the other hand, to recognise that the reason for the act of the perpetrator did not exist at all. Treating such reasons as trivial may also raise doubts on the juridical level.</p>
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Capellan, Joel Alfredo, and Alexei Anisin. "A Distinction Without a Difference? Examining the Causal Pathways Behind Ideologically Motivated Mass Public Shootings." Homicide Studies 22, no. 3 (2018): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767918770704.

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This study utilizes crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis to assess 306 mass shootings. We compare non-extremist and extremist mass shooters according to characteristics that capture mental health histories of offenders, their grievances, and strains. We discover that offenders who sympathized with extremism were driven by grievance against a social group and were suffering from either mental health issues or from general strain. Extremist sympathizers differ from non-extremists in the nature of their grievances and the strains they experience. These results imply there may exist differen
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Dunbar, Edward. "Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in Hate Crime Victimization: Identity Politics or Identity Risk?" Violence and Victims 21, no. 3 (2006): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.323.

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This study examined the impact of hate crimes upon gay and lesbian victims, reviewing 1,538 hate crimes committed in Los Angeles County. Differences between sexual orientation and other hate crime categories were considered for offense severity, reportage to law enforcement, and victim impact. The type of offense varied between crimes classified for sexual orientation (n = 551) and other bias-motivated crimes (n = 987). Assault, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and stalking were predictive of sexual orientation hate crimes. Sexual orientation bias crimes evidenced greater severity of violenc
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McDonald, Charles. "Some Relevant Questions For Work With Racist And Racially Motivated Offenders." Probation Journal 47, no. 3 (2000): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455050004700307.

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Holt, Thomas J., Joshua D. Freilich, and Steven M. Chermak. "Exploring the Subculture of Ideologically Motivated Cyber-Attackers." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 33, no. 3 (2017): 212–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986217699100.

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Research on physical, that is, violent, terror attacks and extremism has increased dramatically over the last decade. The growth of the Internet and computer technology has also led to concern over the use of cyberattacks by ideologically motivated offenders to cause harm and further their political and social agendas. There is, however, a lack of empirical research on cyber-attackers limiting our knowledge of the factors that affect their behavior. This study addresses this empirical gap through a qualitative analysis of 10 interviews conducted with ideologically motivated Turkish computer ha
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Van Camp, Tinneke. "Understanding victim participation in restorative practices: Looking for justice for oneself as well as for others." European Journal of Criminology 14, no. 6 (2016): 679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370816682981.

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Restorative justice (RJ) promotes a constructive dialogue between the victim of a crime and the offender. Restorative practices have been credited for allowing victims to move on from victimization. This paper goes beyond victim appreciation of RJ and addresses what motivates victims to agree to communicate with their offender. Victim-participants were interviewed at the start of a restorative intervention and again after its conclusion, with the aim of identifying reasons for participation and exploring whether these evolve as a restorative procedure progresses. Discourses reveal that victims
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Bibik, Oleg N. "Terrorism as a manifestation of the ideological crime: culturological aspects of counteraction." Law Enforcement Review 2, no. 1 (2018): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2018.2(1).114-122.

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The subject. The issues of combating terrorism through the prism of culture are examined in the article.The purpose of the article is to show the anti-terroristic measures through the scope of culture.The description of methodology. The author uses methods of complex analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-legal, comparative-legal methods in cultural aspect.The main results and scope of their application. Acts of terrorism are frequent and occur almost worldwide.Counter-terrorism through criminal penalties is ineffective, because: 1) there are a lot of people among the terrorists who are law-ab
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