Academic literature on the topic 'Motivation att leda'
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Journal articles on the topic "Motivation att leda"
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Wennerberg, Jeanna, Vendela Blomström, and Eva Nobel. "Kollegial stöttning genom auskultation – ett sätt att utveckla ett akademiskt lärarskap." Högre utbildning 9, no. 1 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/hu.v9.1515.
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Auskultation kolleger emellan beskrivs ofta i högskolepedagogisk litteratur som en lämplig metod för kollegial utveckling av lärarroll och undervisningspraktik. Formerna för auskultationerna varierar och själva genomförandet kan vara förknippat med vissa problem som t.ex. tidsåtgång, olika förväntningar och osäkerhet gällande återkoppling. I den här artikeln presenterar vi ett kollegialt utvecklingsprogram med en modell för auskultationer som vi har skapat och genomfört i ett lärarlag på en språkinstitution vid Stockholms universitet. Vi presenterar dels själva modellen med särskilda mallar för auskultation, återkoppling och kollegiala samtal, dels diskuterar vi styrkor och svagheter med modellen. Erfarenheten av genomförandet visar att auskultationer med stöd av mallar fungerar bra och kan leda till fördjupat kollegialt utbyte. Samtidigt är kostnad, lärarnas motivation att delta samt förhållningssätt vid framförandet av återkoppling på kollegernas undervisning några inverkande faktorer på hur väl ett program av detta slag fungerar.
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Movahed, Ehsan, Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Rohollah Nikooie, Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh, Mohsen Askarishahi, and Reza Bidaki. "Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People Living With HIV: Directed Content Analysis Based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 40, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x19858029.
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Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the complexities of treatment and care for people living with HIV (PLHIV). It is essential to understand the challenges of admitting ART in PLHIV based on the Information Motivation Behavioral skills (IMB) model. This study was conducted using qualitative and directed content analysis on 15 participants. The participants included 10 patients and five health-care providers selected from the behavioral diseases counseling center affiliated with a medical university in southeast of Iran using purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. Data analysis has led to three main categories—information, motivation, and behavioral skills—and eight subcategories. ART adherence in an Iranian context is like an iceberg that the IMB model can deeply identify underwater and unanticipated motivations and factors that lead to nonadherence. Therefore, it can be useful in designing and developing context-based nonadherence to ART interventions.
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Şahin, Süleyman, and Canan Bastık. "Investigation of motivational cluster profiles and physical self perceptions of athletes performing sports at elite level in individual branches." Journal of Human Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i3.5802.
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The aim of the present study was to determine the motivation cluster and physical self-perception profiles of elite athletes in individual branches based on gender and national team membership variables. A total of 243 athletes in different branches including 121 females (Meanage = 17,06 SDage = 1,883) and 122 males (Meanage = 17,40 SDage=1.99) participated in the study. In order to determine the motivation profiles of the athletes, the Sports Motivation Scale (SMS) was used and the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) was used to determine the physical perception profiles. Data analysis was conducted with correlation for variables composed of the subscales in both scales, Ward Method was used in hierarchical cluster analysis conducted to determine the motivational cluster profiles of the athletes, and 4 x 5 (Motivational Clusters x PSPP Sub-Scales) MANOVA analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the motivational profiles on physical self-perception of the athletes. Based on the study findings, the motivation types and self-perception profiles of the individual athletes included four motivational clusters. It was determined that the athletes with moderate motivation scored higher points in sports skills and body attractiveness subscales of the PSPP when compared to the athletes in other clusters. There were significant differences between the motivation levels of the athletes favoring the female athletes based on their gender, and based on their participation in the national team. Furthermore, it was determined that the motivation profiles of the athletes did not lead to a significant difference in their physical self-perceptions.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, bireysel branşlarda elit düzeydeki sporcuların güdülenme küme profillerinin ve fiziksel benlik algı profillerinin belirlenerek cinsiyet ve millilik değişkenlerine göre incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya farklı branşlardan 121 kadın (Ortyaş=17,06 SSyaş=1,83) ve 122 erkek (Ortyaş=17,40 SSyaş=1,99) toplam 243 sporcu katılmıştır. Sporcuların güdülenme profillerinin belirlenmesi için Sporda Güdülenme Ölçeği (SMS) ve fiziksel algılama profillerinin belirlenmesi için ise, Kendini Fiziksel Algılama Envanteri (PSPP) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde İki ölçeğinde alt ölçeklerinden oluşan değişkenler için korelasyon, sporcuların güdüsel küme profillerinin oluşturulmasında hiyerarşik küme analizinde Ward Yöntemi, oluşturulan güdüsel profillerinin sporcuların PSPP fiziksel benlik algılarında etkisinin araştırılması için 4 x 5 (Güdüsel Kümeler x PSPP Alt ölçekleri) MANOVA analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, bireysel sporcuların motivasyon türleri ve kendini fiziksel algılama profilleri dört farklı güdüsel kümeden oluşmuştur. Ortalama motivasyonlu sporcuların PSPP’nin sportif yetenek ve vücut çekiciliği alt ölçeklerinde diğer kümelerdeki sporculara göre yüksek puan aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Sporcuların cinsiyetlerine göre motivasyon düzeyleri arasında kadınlar lehine anlamlı farklılık bulunurken, millilik durumlarına göre de milli sporcular lehine anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Ayrıca sporcuların güdülenme profillerinin fiziksel benlik algıları üzerinde anlamlı bir farklığa yol açmadığı tespit edilmiştir
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Yazdanparast, Atefeh, and Nancy Spears. "The new me or the me I’m proud of?" European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 1/2 (February 12, 2018): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2016-0532.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate how comparing physical aspects of the self to fashion models in mass-mediated images result in body dissatisfaction and what mechanisms could be used to interrupt the potentially harmful emotional and motivational outcomes of such evaluations. Design/methodology/approach Two experimental design studies are conducted in which objective self-awareness (OSA; self-focus) is manipulated. In the first study, participants are assigned to control vs relevant vs irrelevant standards of appearance, and in the second study, all participants receive relevant standards of appearance and are randomly primed to experience pride or shame. Findings Focusing on the physical aspect of the self (i.e. state of OSA) and having access to relevant standards of appearance such as viewing images of beautiful fashion models (vs irrelevant standards of appearance such as images of plants) initiate the process of self-standard evaluation that may lead to body image state dissatisfaction (BISDS). Negative emotions mediate the relationship between BISDS and motivations to pursue cosmetic procedures. Pride and shame are two important self-conscious emotions that differently influence these relationships. Originality/value The present research identifies how pride could act as a self-affirming factor to intervene the undesirable outcomes of body image dissatisfaction and discourage unnecessary cosmetic procedures. Pride diminishes the motivation to undergo cosmetic procedures by shifting the focus from pursuing unachievable standards of appearance to pride-inducing achievements and self-affirming positive qualities. Shame, however, keeps individuals focused on discrepancies and lowers their ability to think of substitute goals, resulting in enhanced motivations for cosmetic procedures.
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Druen, Perri B., and Stephanie J. Zawadzki. "Escaping the Climate Trap: Participation in a Climate-Specific Social Dilemma Simulation Boosts Climate-Protective Motivation and Actions." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 9438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169438.
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One way in which educators can help to address increasingly pressing environmental problems, including climate change, is to encourage individuals to change their behavior and to press for structural changes in society. The promotion of climate-protective behavior is challenging because the payoffs for various actions and inactions are structured such that they create social dilemmas. The conflict between short-term personal benefit and long-term collective gain in such dilemmas often leads to self-serving motives that can ultimately be self-defeating. We created a social dilemma simulation specific to climate change, called Climate Trap: Social Dilemma Simulation, to help students observe how they and others respond to these conflicts, and predicted that doing so would lead to climate-protective motivations and behaviors after the simulation. The simulation participants (N = 344) reported greater confidence in their knowledge and understanding of the social dilemma context of climate change, higher environmental concern and more self-determined motivation to act, and they engaged in more climate-protective behaviors compared to the students who did not complete the simulation. Moreover, the simulation participants reported greater pro-environmental engagement on all of the measures after the simulation compared to before they participated in the simulation. The results suggest that a climate-specific social dilemma simulation can create uniquely motivating experiences, and can have utility as a teaching tool, research instrument and intervention.
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Vealey, Robin S., Eric Martin, Angela Coppola, Rose Marie Ward, and Jacob Chamberlin. "The Slippery Slope: Can Motivation and Perfectionism Lead to Burnout in Coaches?" International Sport Coaching Journal 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2018-0043.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between perfectionism, motivation, burnout, and coaching satisfaction in high school and collegiate coaches (n = 311). Coaches completed the modified Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and an investigator-designed survey to assess satisfaction. As predicted, perfectionism was related to both motivation and burnout. In particular, socially-prescribed perfectionism emerged as the most significant type of perfectionism, showing positive relationships with controlled forms of motivation and burnout and negative relationships with autonomous forms of motivation and feelings of personal accomplishment. Self-oriented perfectionism was related to motivation, but not directly related to burnout, and other-oriented perfectionism was not significantly related to motivation or burnout. Autonomous motivation was strongly associated with coaches’ satisfaction. The influence of socially-prescribed perfectionism on coaches is discussed in relation to the high expectations placed on coaches by programs and communities, perhaps contributing to feelings of low autonomy and external regulation. Controlling forms of social expectations and external regulation may act as a “slippery slope” in which the initial motivation of coaches may move toward burnout.
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Colares, Ana Carolina Vasconcelos, Mariana Camilla Coelho Silva Castro, João Estevão Barbosa Neto, and Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da Cunha. "Teacher motivation in stricto sensu postgraduation: an analysis based on self-determination theory,." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 30, no. 81 (December 2019): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201909090.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the motivational factors that lead accounting sciences professors to teach on stricto sensu postgraduate courses, based on self-determination theory. Research on motivation in education in the area of accounting sciences mostly concerns student motivation. Thus, there are few studies related to teacher motivation, especially in the area of accounting sciences and in stricto sensu postgraduate programs. Teacher motivation is directly linked to the teaching-learning process and student motivation, so it is important to identify what motivates these teachers and, given this, to act in a way that the motivation, or lack of it, will not interfere with the quality of teaching. The importance of teachers in the quality of education is indisputable and inevitably relates to the motivation to remain in the teaching career, taking both personal and professional aspects into account. The Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers was applied and answered by 108 professors from the 33 stricto sensu postgraduate programs in the area of accounting sciences. The data were analyzed in an aggregated way, using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and chi-squared tests, with the purpose of assessing the relationship between levels of motivation and age group, time teaching, and time teaching in the stricto sensu postgraduate course. Most of the professors analyzed are extrinsically motivated via identified regulation; however this is less related to access to financial resources and more linked to the prestige that teaching on the stricto sensu postgraduate course brings. Also, the overall mean of the dimensions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was shown to be higher for teachers of the female gender and who work in private institutions.
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Yang, Zhaojun, Xiangchun Kong, Jun Sun, and Yali Zhang. "Switching to Green Lifestyles: Behavior Change of Ant Forest Users." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091819.
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Ant Forest is an emerging mobile application platform that engages people in environment-friendly behavior with fragmented time and helps them cultivate ecological awareness and habit. Users grow virtual trees on the platform with the energy saved from daily low-carbon activities, and Ant Forest plants real saplings in desertified areas when the “trees” become big enough. Facilitating the public’s participation in such green welfare, Ant Forest is a new-generation persuasive system with functions like social media and gamification. In addition to perceived persuasiveness in the existing literature, this study includes sense of achievement and perceived entertainment as extrinsic and intrinsic motivations, respectively, to explain people’s continuous use of such a system and consequent behavior change. The results of a survey suggest that primary task support, perceived credibility, and perceived social support associated with Ant Forest positively affect the user’s continuance intention through the mediation of perceived persuasiveness, sense of achievement, and perceiving entertaining. Furthermore, perceived persuasiveness and continuance intention lead to ultimate behavior change. The findings suggest the importance of both persuasive and motivational considerations in the implementation of new-generation persuasive systems to make them effective in the long run.
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Ushkarev, Aleksandr A. "Art Museum Audience: The Arguments of Consumer Choice." Observatory of Culture 15, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 444–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2018-15-4-444-459.
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Diversification of artistic supply and growing competition in the market of cultural services lead to the fact that the quality of artistic product (performance, concert, exhibition) is perceived as increasingly relative and loses its former importance as a decisive argument of consumer choice. What guides people in their communication with art? What are the determinants of their consumer behavior and are there any patterns in it? The chance of overcoming communication barriers and establishing a constructive dialogue between cultural institutions and their potential audience depends on whether the answers to these and other questions will be found. The article deals with the cultural aspect of this interaction — the role of motivation and individual preferences in art consumption, their influence on people’s cultural activity. The article is based on the results of a large-scale sociological study of visitors to the State Tretyakov Gallery, conducted by a research group from the State Institute of Art Studies. The museum’s audience was studied not only by the objective parameters traditionally described by art sociologists, but also by a number of difficult-to-measure content features that go far beyond socio-demographic descriptions. The study allows us to get closer to understanding some general patterns of consumer behavior in art, to determine the nature of consumer motivations and individual preferences’ influence on cultural choice. The article proves the existence of a statistically significant connection between these subjective behavioral determinants and the measure of personal cultural capital. The use of methods of mathematical statistics and econometrics expands the traditional potential of sociology of art and provides a qualitatively new level of reliability of results.
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Irwansyah, Reza. "HUBUNGAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI, KESEIMBANGAN DAN MOTIVASI DENGAN KETERAMPILAN YEOP CHAGI PADA ATLET TAEKWONDO PELATDA DKI JAKARTA 2015." Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education 3, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jsce.03101.
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ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu hubungan antara daya ledak otot tungkai, keseimbangan dan motivasi dengan keterampilan yeop chagi pada atlet Pelatda Taekwondo DKI Jakarta 2015. Sebagai penunjang dalam melakukan latihan para atlet dengan mengetahui komponen-komponen latihannya. Memberikan sumbangan pemikiran bagi pelatih, pembina serta pemain serta informasi wawasan pengetahuan tentang cara meningkatkan keterampilan yeop chagi dalam beladiri taekwondo. Mengetahui hubungan daya ledak otot tungkai, keseimbangan dan motivasi secara bersama-sama dengan keterampilan yeop chagi dalam beladiri taekwondo. Bahan evaluasi bagi Pelatda Taekwondo DKI Jkarta.Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 24 orang dan Sesuai dengan rumusan masalah dan tujuan yang ingin di capai maka metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian yaitu (1) terdapat hubungan antara daya ledak otot tungkai dengan ry1=0,88 dan hubungan daya ledak otot tungkai dengan keterampilan yeop chagi sebesar 77,34%, diperoleh thitung 8,67 > ttabel 1,70, dengan demikian terdapat hubungan antara daya ledak otot tungkai dengan keterampilan yeop chagi, (2) terdapat hubungan antara keseimbangan dengan keterampilan yeop chagi dengan ry2=0,603 dan besarnya hubungan kelincahan dengan menggiring bola sebesar 36,33%. diperoleh thitung 3,54 >ttabel 1,70, dengan demikian terdapat hubungan keseimbangan dengan keterampilan yeop chagi, (3) terdapat hubungan antara motivasi dengan keterampilan yeop chagi ry3=0,634 dan besarnya hubungan motivasi dengan keterampilan yeop chagi sebesar 40,14 %. diperoleh thitung 3,84 >ttabel 1,70, dengan demikian terdapat hubungan antara motivasi dengan keterampilan yeop chagi, (4) terdapat hubungan antara daya ledak otot tungkai, keseimbangan dan motivasi dengan keterampilan yeop chagi rx123y=0,745 dan besarnya hubungan keterampilan yeop chagi sebesar 86,31%.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to find out as supporting the athletes with exercise to know the components of training. Contribute ideas for trainers, coaches and athletes as well as the insight information about how to improve the skills yeop chagi performance for Pelatda Taekwondo DKI Jakarta. Determine the corelation of the explosive power of leg, balance, and motivation together with yeop chagi performance in the martial art of taekwondo. Evaluation of materials for Pelatda Taekwondo DKI Jakarta. Sample field study consisted of 24 peoples and accordant with the formulation of the problem and the goals you want to accomplish in the research method used in this study is descriptive correlational.
Based on the analysis of research data, namely (1) there is a significant corelation between the explosive power of leg with ry1 = 0.88 and the explosive power of leg corelation with yeop chagi performance as much as 77,34%, obtained tarithmetic 8.67 > 1.70 ttable, thus there is a corelation the explosive power of leg corelation with yeop chagi performance, (2) there is a signiifikan between balance to yeop chagi performance with ry2 = 0.603 and balance relationship with yeop chagi performance as much as 63,33%. obtained tarithmetic 3,54 > ttable 1.70, thus there is a corelation between balance with yeop chagi performance, (3) there is a corelation between motivation with yeop chagi performance ry3 = 0.634 and balance relationship with yeop chagi performance as much as 40,14 %. Obtained tarithmetic 3,84 > ttable 1.70, thus there is a corelation between motivation to yeop chagi performance, (4) There is a signiifikan between the explosive power leg, balance and motivaton with rx123y = 0.745 and magnitude corelation the explosive power leg, balance and motivaton with yeop chagi performance as much as 76%
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motivation att leda"
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Hansson, Olausson Yasmine, and Felicia Edenhammar. "Motivation att leda : En studie om till vilken utsträckning en ledares motivation att leda påverkar motivationen hos dess följare." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45182.
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Title: Motivation to lead: A study that research to what extent a leader’s motivation to lead affect the motivation among its followers Authors: Felicia Edenhammar and Yasmine Hansson Olaussson Keywords: Motivation to lead (MTL), motivation, leadership, job satisfaction, leader, follower Background: Motivation is an important resource for organizations if they wish to achieve a higher effectivity and productivity. Leadership is important to be able to reach this motivation. Even though leadership is important, it is a very difficult word which is dependent on relationships between leaders and followers. These relationships have great importance for job satisfaction. There are many studies about how the followers' motivation affects the company, but very rarely it is studied how leaders' motivation affect themselves and furthermore their followers. Research question: To what extent does leader’s MTL affect their followers' motivation? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain to what extent leaders MTL affect its followers' motivation. Method: This study uses both a qualitative and quantitative approach where an abduction isused. Empirical data has been gathered by holding eight interviews with leaders as well as surveys with their followers. The empirical data is analyzed by in case analysis and cross case analysis. Theoretical framework: This study begins by connecting motivation and different theories. Among these are the two-factor theory, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the self-determination theory and the cognitive evaluation theory. After this we define leadership basedon Rost (1993) definition to continue into the similarity attraction theory, the social learning theory and leader-member exchange theory. Lastly, we present the motivation to lead theory which this study builds upon. Findings: The findings are that a leader's MTL influences the follower’s motivation. It was shown that SN-MTL has the greatest effect on followers' motivation. While the amount of AFFMTL and NC-MTL did not really matter, it was found that the existence of these MTL were important.
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Lundbäck, Louise. ""Det är enklare att leda i framgång" : En kvalitativ studie om chefers upplevelser av att leda och motivera sina medarbetare på distans." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85906.
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Året 2020 blev ett minst sagt ett annorlunda år vilket lett till förändrade arbetsförhållanden inom ett flertal organisationer, som på grund av Covid-19 fått anpassa verksamheten till att arbeta på distans. Fler digitala möten och en avsaknad av de vardagliga sociala kontakterna på kontoret kan leda till att cheferna måste finna nya sätt att leda och motivera sina medarbetare på. Därav väcktes ett intresse att studera hur chefer inom en privat organisation som tvingats ställa om till distansarbete kan leda och upprätthålla en motivation hos sina medarbetare, trots en avsaknad av ett nära arbete på kontoret. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka chefers upplevelser av att leda och motivera på distans. För att besvara syftet och studiens fyra forskningsfrågor bestod den insamlade empirin av sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med chefer som ansvarar över minst fem medarbetare inom den valda organisationen. Undersökningen följde en abduktiv ansats och ett hermeneutiskt synsätt. Studiens teoretiska avsnitt delades in i kategorierna ”Tidigare forskning” som inkluderar vetenskapliga artiklar som är av relevans för det valda området och ”Teori” innehållande ledarskaps - och motivationsteorier. Resultatet visade att det verkar krävas mer tid och engagemang från cheferna för att kunna leda och motivera sina medarbetare på distans. Det visade sig att en aktiv kommunikation, skapande av delaktighet genom dagliga möten, rutiner och samtal kan vara ett sätt att upprätthålla medarbetarnas motivation. Resultatet visade även att distansarbetet kan ha medfört både möjligheter och utmaningar med att leda och motivera på distans, vilket är något som cheferna bör ta i beaktande för att öka medarbetarnas motivation och engagemang vid distansarbetet.
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Westlin, Elisabeth. "Motivation att leda hos studenter - samband med personlighet och self-efficacy." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-19107.
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Motivation för ledarskap styrs av värderingar, personlighet och tro på sin förmåga. Forskning har genererat tre motivationskategorier för ledarskap, affektiv-identitet ledarmotivation, icke-kalkylerande ledarmotivation och social-normativ ledarmotivation. Studien undersökte dessa tre motivationskategoriernas inbördes rangordning och skillnader mellan utbildningsinriktning och kön samt samband med generell self-efficacy och personlighetsegenskaper enligt femfaktormodellen. 192 studenter deltog från en mellansvensk högskola, därav 54 män, 90 från socionomprogrammen, 72 från det internationella businessprogrammet och 30 från två ingenjörsprogram. De besvarade en enkät bestående av Chan och Drasgows Motivation to lead scale, Chen, Gully och Edens General self- efficacy scale och Shafers femfaktormodell Big Five Marker. Resultatet visar att det finns skillnader mellan motivationskategorier och utbildningsinriktning. Det finns samband mellan motivationskategorier och personlighet. Inga skillnader i self-efficacy mellan utbildningsinriktning eller mellan könen. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån behov av ledarskap i samhället, krav i ledarrollen, utveckling av individer i riktning mot ledarskap och utveckling av nya ledarmodeller exemplifierat med delat ledarskap.
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Gustafsson, Andreas, and Niclas Svensson. "Att leda i förändring : Ledarens viktigaste funktion i förändring." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15929.
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Sammanfattning Sverige har sedan lång tid tillbaka varit ett ledande land i såväl ekonomi som tillväxt. Att Sverige inte varit delaktiga i de två världskrig som varit, har gjort att Sverige haft ett försprång i nya processer, nya organisationsformer och ny utveckling. Detta försprång har under 2000 talets början reducerats kraftigt och många länder har gått förbi Sverige i denna utveckling. Flertalet andra länder har börjat producera de produkter som vi tidigare producerat i Sverige. Sverige måste förändras, Sverige måste återta det försprång landet en gång hade. Sverige står därför inför stora förändringar, där ledarens funktion är viktigare än någonsin. Syftet med denna studie har därför blivit att skapa en förståelse kring vad som är ledarens viktigaste funktion i en förändring. Detta har bidragit till följande frågeställning: Vad kan vara ledarens viktigaste funktion i en förändring? För att skapa en förståelse kring ledarens viktigaste funktion har vi genom studien arbetat med relationen mellan ledarskap och förändring. Denna relation har skapat vår teoretiska referensram, där följande sju begrepp diskuterats: delegering, transformellt ledarskap, kommunikation, situationsanpassat ledarskap, motstånd, motivation och delaktighet. För att få svar på vår frågeställning har vi använt oss utav en kvalitativ studie, där vi format en intervjuguide utifrån vår teoretiska referensram. Vår insamling av primärdata genomfördes genom fyra intervjuer på två olika företag. Resultatet av studien har blivit att ledarens viktigaste funktion i en förändring är att driva ett ledarskap genom en kombination utav delegering, god kommunikation, motivation och delaktighet. Dessa fyra sammanhängande egenskaper kommer enligt vår studie att motverka uppkomsten av motstånd, som ses som förändringars största hot. Kommer framtidens ledare bedriva sitt ledarskap i förändring på detta sätt, kommer allt fler lyckade förändringar genomföras.Abstract Since many years ago, Sweden has been in the prominent position regarding economy as well as growth. The fact that Sweden did not participate in the world wars, has given Sweden a great advantage in new processes, new organisation forms and new development. However, during the beginning of 21st century this lead has reduced tremendously and many countries have passed Sweden in this development. A great majority of other countries has started to produce those products that Sweden previously produced. Therefore, a change is necessary. Sweden must recapture the lead it once had. Sweden stands in front of great changes, where the leader’s function is more important than ever. The purpose with this study is to create an understanding of what´s the most important function in a change for a leader. This has contributed to following question: What may be the leader’s most important function in a change? In order to create an understanding concerning the leader’s most significant function, we have throughout the study worked with the relation between leadership and change. This relation has created our theoretical frame of reference where following seven conceptions have been discussed: Delegation, transformational leadership, Communication, situational leadership, Resistance, Motivation and Participation. With the intention of getting an answer to this question, a qualitative study has been used where we have formed an interview guide from our theoretical frame of reference. The collection of data was carried out by four interviews at two different companies. The result of the study has shown that the leader’s most significant function in a change is to have a leadership through a combination of delegation, good communication, motivation and participation. According to our study, these four connected qualities will in our opinion prevent the emergence of resistance, which is seen as changes biggest threat. Will the future leaders pursue their leadership in change in this way, more and more successful changes will be implemented.
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Christian, Nilsson, and Tatarevic Merim. "Ledarskap på distans inom personlig assistans : Att leda en verksamhet på distans." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-29047.
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This work aims to show how unitmanagers , within personal assistance , experience leadership at a distance. We found this interesting as leaders in personal assistance do not have a natural and close collaboration with their staff in place. This study is based on theories of empowerment, motivation and communication, together with our empirical material that we have gathered through interviews with the head of units of personal assistance. The work we have done shows that leaders remotely put a lot of emphasis on being able to communicate effectively with their employees. By effectively communicate with employees managers can delegate responsibility and get quick feedback from their staff. Our studies have shown that managers think it is important that employees are aware of how the business works and how to give employees the tools to develop themselves and the business. Due to lack of meetings between leaders and staff our conclusion is that managers are working to motivate their staff, in order to make them feel seen. That leads to reducing the stress out of staff.
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Poznanska, Suzanne, and Catharina Aspegren. "En krattad manege för kreatörer : Att leda och motivera kreativa grupper i kreativa processer." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27772.
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This essay is focusing on leadership and motivation in the creative process. The perception on the leadership has changed over time. Today’s leadership theories suggest that the leadership should be adapted after the organisations conditions. Due to the increasing globalization, companies are forced to operate in an increasingly competitive market. To stand out in the market, the importance of company’s creativity has increased. Today, it is stated in the research how important it is with leaders who create the right conditions to motivate creators. How do you lead to create motivation and creativity in organizations? Our study aims to examine, from a manager's perspective, how leaders lead and motivate teams working in a creative process. To answer the purpose and research questions a qualitative study was made by interviewing six leaders of six different design and communication agencies working on the basis of a creative process. Thesis material has been collected deductive through theories and previous research as well as inductive, based on empirical material gathered in interviews. The conclusion of this study shows that of the four phases, the initial phase was of central importance for how leaders create important for a creative process. The leader sets in the initial phase clear framework. Furthermore, the leader should contribute to an overall picture and participation. The leaders worked in a structured and well thought out way, to make employees feel motivated. The study shows crucial areas that the leader works with to increase motivation, which are frames and releases, development, meaningfulness and confirmation. The analysis emerges that the creative process requires leadership that adapt to the conditions and they differ both between the phases of the process but also on the leader's duties. It was therefore not possible to deduce the best leadership method or theory for a specific phase in the creative process.
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Ahlstrand, Anna, and Erika Baumgardt. "Att leda med hjätra och hjärna : en intervjustudie om ledarskap och sjukfrånvaro." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4519.
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Syftet med denna studie har främst varit att belysa medarbetares upplevelser av ledarskap och dess inverkan på sjukfrånvaro. Studien har utförts på två olika arbetsplatser där man arbetar med personer med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar. Båda arbetsplatserna har relativt nyligen fått nya chefer/ledare tillsatta. Vi har valt att genomföra en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuat sex stycken medarbetare, fyra kvinnor och två män i åldrarna 40-60 år. Intervjuerna genomfördes med ett narrativt angreppssätt, vi ville att samtalet skulle vara öppet med karaktär av dialog. Analysen eftersträvade att genom ett symbolisk interaktionistiskt angreppssätt förstå och tolka de olika upplevelser som informanterna delgivit oss. Det som framkommit i studien är att medarbetarna upplever att en chef/ledare som skapar trygghet också skapar arbetsglädje och motivation. Det är också chefens/ledarens personliga egenskaper som präglar ett bra ledarskap där sjukfrånvaron är låg samt medarbetarnas grad av acceptans av ledarstil. Viktiga aspekter som medarbetarna lyfter fram är att de vill känna sig betydelsefulla, ansvarstagande, hörda samt att chefen tar tag i problem och visar engagemang.
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Fors, Victor, Anna Hillerbratt, and Sara Sandén. "Agilt ledarskap : Ett sätt att leda en organisation med medarbetaren i centrum." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64543.
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Titel: Agilt ledarskap – Ett sätt att leda en organisation med medarbetaren i centrum. Författare: Anna Hillerbratt, Victor Fors & Sara Sandén Institution: Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan. Program: Human Resource Management. Kurs: Företagsekonomi III – Organisation, Kandidatuppsats. Handledare: Olle Duhlin Examinator: Mikael Lundgren Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom tolkning och värdering av organisationers beteenden skapa en uppfattning av det agila ledarskapet. Syftet är även att förstå om och hur det agila ledarskapet kan appliceras på organisationer oavsett om agila metoder används eller ej. Studien är intressant för studenter och ledare men även individer vilka är intresserade av hur ledarskap kan komma att se ut i förhållande till framtidens organisationer. Metod: En fallstudie som behandlar agilt ledarskap ur ett organisationsperspektiv. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och en induktiv metod. Slutsats: Vi har genom tidigare forskning av det agila uppfattat att fokus initialt legat på den praktiska tillämpningen av agila metoder, och att det saknades en ledarskapsteori baserad på de två huvudsyftena i det agila synsättet. Resultatet av studien är därför den egenutvecklade VAS-modellen, Vilja, Anpassning, Samarbete. Modellens värdegrund är: Med de anställdas utveckling i centrum skapar vi tillsammans en attraktiv arbetsplats och en lönsam organisation, en organisation som kan säkerställa frekvent leverans av kvalitet och på så sätt tillgodose kundens behov samt vara lyhörd för förändring. Nyckelord: Agil, agilt synsätt, ledarskap, självstyrande team, kommunikation, motivation, flexibilitet.Title: Agile leadership – a way to lead an organization with the employee as the main focus. Authors: Anna Hillerbratt, Victor Fors & Sara Sandén Institution: Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics. Program: Human Resource Management. Course: Business Administration III – Organization, Supervisor: Olle Duhlin Examiner: Mikael Lundgren Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of agile leadership through the interpretation and valuation of organizational behaviors. The purpose is also to understand if and how agile leadership can be applied to organizations regardless of whether or not agile methods are used. The study is interesting for students and leaders, but also individuals who are interested in how leadership can develop in relation to future organizations. Methodology: A case study that adresses agile leadership from an organizational perspective. The study was conducted with a qualitative method and an inductive approach. Conclusions: We have, through previous research, perceived that the focus of the agile methodologies initially was based on the practical application of agile methods and that there was no leadership theory based on the two main purposes of the agile approach. The results of the study is therefore a self-developed VAS-model. The basic principle of the model is: With the employees as the main focus we create an attractive workplace and a profitable organization, an organization that ensures frequent delivery of quality, thus meeting customer needs and being responsive to change. Key words: agile, agile approach, leadership, self-organizing teams, communication, motivation, flexibility.
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Pettersson, Olivia. "Att leda en byråkratisk organisation : - Med hänsyn till reglering och medarbetarens krav." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68256.
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Titel: Att leda en byråkratisk organisation Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att förstå hur ledarna av byråkratisk organisation strukturerar sitt arbete och hur de kan fördela arbetsuppgifter på ett smidigt och effektivt vis. Metod: Studiens grundas i en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning med en deduktiv teori och syftar till att förstå en komplex bransch. Insamling av empiriskt material har varit genom intervjuer och den teoretiska referensramen är taget från böcker och vetenskapliga artiklar. Slutsats: De slutsatser som kan dras av denna studie är bland annat att hur pass viktigt det kan vara att vara flexibel som ledare, varje situation är unik och det finns inga generella lösningar att tillgå. Redan vid organisering av hur strukturen inom en organisation skall vara, är det ytterst viktigt att ledarens roll blir tydligt definierad. Dels för tydlighet gentemot de anställda men samtidigt för ledarens skull, det är viktigt att redan från första början vara medveten om vad som förväntas från dig som ledare. Beroende på vem du som ledare skall bemöta, kan det behövas anpassning och förberedelser inför mötet. Anställda kan inte behandlas på samma vis, just eftersom alla anställda är enskilda individer som behöver tillgodoses med olika behov. Något annat som visas av denna studie är att ledaren även behöver anpassa sitt ledarskap beroende på kundens beslut från Försäkringskassan samt att delge de anställda kring den regalerade branschen för att få förståelse för ledningsgruppens arbete i en relation med Försäkringskassan.
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Johansson, Erica. "Att leda för självständig progress : En fallstudie om hur projektledare kan arbeta för att motivera i interna förändringsprojekt." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-42650.
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Alla organisationer förändras, antingen omedvetet eller som en del av en utarbetad plan. Planerade förändringar inom organisationen kan drivas som projekt och blir då ett internt förändringsprojekt som syftar till att skapa bättre förutsättningar för organisationens verksamhet. Ett internt förändringsprojekt kan drivas av en projektgrupp under ledning av en projektledare. För att resultatet av projektet ska bli lyckat är det viktigt att projektmedlemmarna känner sig motiverade och presterar för att nå målet. Att skapa motivation och arbetsprestation i projektet faller på projektledaren. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur projektledare i interna förändringsprojekt kan arbeta för att motivera deltagare i projektgruppen. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. För att besvara forskningsfrågan har en fallstudie genomförts genom att intervjua Lean-coacher som arbetar med att hjälpa företag inom lantbruksnäringen att införa Lean i sin verksamhet. Data har samlats in från respondenterna med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en teoretisk bas utifrån Teresa Amabiles Progressprincip. Utifrån respondenternas berättelser om handlingar och arbetsätt och hur dessa kan påverka faktorer från Progressprincipen presenteras empiri och analys enligt sju teman. Analysen visar att coachernas arbetsätt och handlingar påverkar flera delar ur Progressprincipen och därför har möjlighet att påverka individers motivation och prestation positivt. Coachernas arbetsätt fokuserar tydligast på att möjliggöra Progress och att Tillåta självständighet/självstyre samt på att skapa Klara målsätningar.All organization goes through change, either unintentional or as part of scheduled plan. Planned changes within the organization can be managed as projects and is then categorized as an internal change project aimed at creating better conditions for the organization's operations. An internal change project can be completed by a project team led by a project manager. If the outcome of the project is to be successful it is important that team members are motivated and high performing. To create motivation and work performance in the project is the responsibility of the project manager. The aim of this study is to contribute knowledge about how project managers who is responsible for internal change projects can work to motivate the project group. This study has been made using qualitative research. To answer the research question a case study has been conducted by interviewing Lean coaches who are working to help companies in the agricultural sector to implement Lean in their operations. Empirical data was collected from respondents using semi-structured interviews. The empirical data were analyzed using a theoretic framework based on Teresa Amabile and her work on The Progress Principle. Based on respondents' stories of their work and actions, and how these can affect The Progress Principle, the empirical data and analysis are presented as seven different themes. The analysis shows that the coaches' work and actions affect several parts of The Progress Principle and therefore have the ability to have a positive influence on individuals' motivation and performance. The coaches' work has a clear focus on enabling Progress and Allowing autonomy and Setting clear goals.
Books on the topic "Motivation att leda"
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Paul, Sharon J. Art & Science in the Choral Rehearsal. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863760.001.0001.
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In recent decades, cognitive neuroscience research has increased our understanding of how the brain learns, retains, and recalls information. At the same time, social psychology researchers have developed insights into group dynamics, exploring what motivates individuals in a group to give their full effort, or conversely, what might instead inspire them to become freeloaders. This book explores the idea that choral conductors who better understand how the brain learns, and how individuals within groups function, can lead more efficient, productive, and enjoyable rehearsals. Armed with this knowledge, conductors can create rehearsal techniques which take advantage of certain fundamental brain and social psychology principles. Through such approaches, singers will become increasingly engaged physically and mentally in the rehearsal process. This book draws from a range of scientific studies to suggest and encourage effective, evidence-based techniques, and can help serve to reset and inspire new approaches toward teaching. Each chapter outlines exercises and creative ideas for conductors and music teachers, including the importance of embedding problem solving into rehearsal, the use of multiple entry points for newly acquired information, techniques to encourage an emotional connection to the music, and ways to incorporate writing exercises into rehearsal. Additional topics include brain-compatible teaching strategies to complement thorough score study, the science behind motivation, the role imagination plays in teaching, the psychology of rehearsal, and conducting tips and advice. All of these brain-friendly strategies serve to encourage singers’ active participation in rehearsals, with the goal of motivating beautiful, inspired, and memorable performances.
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Oyserman, Daphna. Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195341461.001.0001.
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Everyone can imagine their future self, even very young children, and this future self is usually positive and education-linked. To make progress toward an aspired future or away from a feared future requires people to plan and take action. Unfortunately, most people often start too late and commit minimal effort to ineffective strategies that lead their attention elsewhere. As a result, their high hopes and earnest resolutions often fall short. In Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation Daphna Oyserman focuses on situational constraints and affordances that trigger or impede taking action. Focusing on when the future-self matters and how to reduce the shortfall between the self that one aspires to become and the outcomes that one actually attains, Oyserman introduces the reader to the core theoretical framework of identity-based motivation (IBM) theory. IBM theory is the prediction that people prefer to act in identity-congruent ways but that the identity-to-behavior link is opaque for a number of reasons (the future feels far away, difficulty of working on goals is misinterpreted, and strategies for attaining goals do not feel identity-congruent). Oyserman's book goes on to also include the stakes and how the importance of education comes into play as it improves the lives of the individual, their family, and their society. The framework of IBM theory and how to achieve it is broken down into three parts: how to translate identity-based motivation into a practical intervention, an outline of the intervention, and empirical evidence that it works. In addition, the book also includes an implementation manual and fidelity measures for educators utilizing this book to intervene for the improvement of academic outcomes.
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Nassauer, Anne. Situational Breakdowns. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922061.001.0001.
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This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.
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Miller, Tim, Jinzhong Niu, Martin Chapman, and Peter McBurney. An Overview and Evaluation of the Cat Market Design Competition. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.18.
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The rise of online commerce has led to an emerging discipline at the intersection of economics and computer science, a discipline which studies the properties and dynamics of automated trading in online marketplaces. The CAT Market Design Tournament was created to promote research into the design and deployment of economic mechanisms for such online marketplaces, particularly mechanisms able to adapt automatically to dynamic competitive environments. This research competition, which ran from 2007 to 2011), was won by four different teams and had entrants from thirteen countries. This chapter describes the motivation and history of the tournament and presents research that has arisen from it. The winners were experimentally “played off” to evaluate whether the state of the art in automated mechanism design improved during the CAT competition. The results show a clear and consistent improvement, supporting the belief that the competition has encouraged research in the field.
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Siebert, Scott E., and David S. DeGeest. The Five Factor Model of Personality in Business and Industry. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.1.
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Personality traits have played a central role in industrial/organizational psychology, human resource management, and organizational behavior, the key fields in the application of psychology to business and industry. In the early years, excessive optimism led scholars to unrealistic expectations about the value of personality traits at work. This was followed by a period of profound pessimism regarding the value of personality as an explanatory variable when the unrealistic expectations were inevitably disappointed. More recently, advances in theory and methodology have led scholars to re-examine the role of personality with more realistic expectations. The Five Factor Model (FFM) has predominated as an integrative personality structure for conceptualizing and researching the relationship of personality to workplace outcomes. Five specific domains of research are considered herein: personnel selection; employee motivation, attitudes, and behavior; leadership; teams; and entrepreneurship. The chapter ends with open questions for future research in this domain.
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du Toit, Fanie. When Political Transitions Work. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881856.001.0001.
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Reconciliation emphasizes relationships as a crucial ingredient of political transition; this book argues for the importance of such a relational focus in crafting sustainable political transitions. Section I focuses on South Africa’s transition to democracy—how Mandela and De Klerk persuaded skeptical constituencies to commit to political reconciliation, how this proposal gained momentum, and how well the transition resulted in the goal of an inclusive and fair society. In developing a coherent theory of reconciliation to address questions such as these, I explain political reconciliation from three angles and thereby build a concept of reconciliation that corresponds largely with the South African experience. In Section II, these questions lead the discussion beyond South Africa into some of the prominent theoretical approaches to reconciliation in recent times. I develop typologies for three different reconciliation theories: forgiveness, agonism, and social restoration. I conclude in Section III that relationships created through political reconciliation, between leaders as well as between ordinary citizens, are illuminated when understood as an expression of a comprehensive “interdependence” that precedes any formal peace processes between enemies. I argue that linking reconciliation with the acknowledgment of interdependence emphasizes that there is no real alternative to reconciliation if the motivation is the long-term well-being of one’s own community. Without ensuring the conditions in which an enemy can flourish, one’s own community is unlikely to prosper sustainably. This theoretical approach locates the deepest motivation for reconciliation in choosing mutual well-being above the one-sided fight for exclusive survival at the other’s cost.
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Schwaiger, Clemens. Baumgarten’s Theory of Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783886.003.0004.
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This chapter explains the key elements in the dispute between the Pietists and Wolff, and defends the thesis that as a figure situated at the boundary between these two parties, Baumgarten played a historically decisive role in the debate. To demonstrate this, Schwaiger shows in detail how, in attempting to build a middle path, Baumgarten is led to offer an original and fundamental modification of the theory of freedom. This includes reworking the Wolffian conception of a rule of willing, further developing the theory of motivational indifference, and recasting the distinctions between “spontaneity,” “choice,” and “freedom.”
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Hickey, Raymond. Retention and Innovation in Settler Englishes. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.020.
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The transportation of English overseas in the colonial period, between approximately 1600 and 1900, from different parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland led to the rise of diverse varieties of English depending on the source area from which most of the founder generation originated from as well as on the mixture of dialects at the overseas locations and the ecologies of these sites. This study is concerned with the extent to which features of English input to new overseas varieties were retained and what factors were instrumental in this process (e.g., whether the areas are relic or diaspora locations). Further issues in this complex are considered, for example, focusing, reanalysis of variation, internal dialect patterning, and the refunctionalization and reallocation of features. Innovation, as the reverse process of retention, is then considered, specifically the internal and external motivation for this. In addition, shared innovations across the Anglophone world are looked at. Finally, the various models for accounting for the genesis of new varieties of English are examined.
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Esler, Karen J., Anna L. Jacobsen, and R. Brandon Pratt. Ecosystems processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739135.003.0007.
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Ecosystems are assemblages of organisms interacting with one another and their environment (Chapter 1). Key to the functioning of ecosystems is the flow of energy, carbon, mineral nutrients, and water in these systems. The numerous processes involved are chiefly driven by climate, soil, and fire (Chapter 2). In cases where the key drivers are the same in different areas, then ecosystems should converge in their structure and function, which has been a motivation for comparing across mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions. Convergence of MTC regions has been evaluated, but such comparisons at the ecosystem level are challenging because ecosystems are complex and dynamic entities. Here we review carbon, nutrient, and water dynamics of mediterranean-type ecosystems in the context of ecosystem function. As nutrients in soils are low in some MTC regions, we review how this has led to unique adaptations to meet this challenge.
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Cameron, C. Daryl. Compassion Collapse. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.20.
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In the current chapter, I will discuss a phenomenon known as “compassion collapse”: people tend to feel and act less compassionately for multiple suffering victims than for a single suffering victim. This phenomenon contradicts many people’s expectations about how they would and should respond to situations in which the most victims are suffering, as in natural disasters and genocides. Precisely when it seems to be needed the most, compassion is felt the least. In the chapter, I describe studies documenting the effect, and compare two explanations of why compassion collapse occurs: one that focuses on basic capacity limitations on compassion, and another that focuses on motivational factors that lead people to strategically avoid compassion. I close by discussing open questions and future directions for study on this phenomenon.
Book chapters on the topic "Motivation att leda"
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Lloyd, Anthony. "Positive motivation to harm." In The Harms of Work, 97–116. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529204018.003.0006.
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This chapter offers evidence to suggest that harm is not something done to precarious workers by social forces and structural deficit but also something inflicted upon each other. The culture of targets and competitive individualism creates the conditions for conflict between managers, co-workers and customers, all of whom seek some degree of status, recognition or security from the infliction of harm on others. Evidence shows managers targeting employees, the emergence of cliques, often management led, which inflict harm on those outside the group, customers willing to belittle, infantilise and abuse employees, and co-workers seeking competitive advantage at the expense of others. This positive motivation to harm reflects the absence of an ethical responsibility for the other and, in some cases, represents the emergence of a subjectivity imbued with the ‘special liberty’ to act as one pleases in order to maximise market share and opportunities within a culture of competition and individual advantage.
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Chávez-García, Miroslava. "A Toda Madre (ATM)." In Migrant Longing, 162–90. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469641034.003.0006.
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Chapter five traces the experience of Paco Chavez’s friend Rogelio Martínez Serna— and that of his male peers—across the U.S.-Mexico borderlands and attempts to achieve his hopes and dreams for an economically, physically, and emotionally stable family life. To do so, the chapter opens by examining Rogelio’s effort to migrate lawfully. It shows that his motivation for migration was stoked by Paco’s recent successful settlement in California. Like his peers, Rogelio imagined Paco earning pockets full of dollars, attracting women with his convertible car, and enjoying new adventures. Life was much more difficult for Rogelio, living in the Mexican border. Inspired by his friend Paco, and not easily defeated, Rogelio developed ingenious plans to achieve his purpose: migrating to California to save enough money for an economically secure life as a “man” who could support a household in Mexico. Despite his setbacks, he never lost sight of his aims, especially with peers providing support for how to lead the life of a successful male Mexican migrant with his masculinity and manhood intact. As Rogelio’s experiences show, migrants relied on social networks to achieve lawful migration, employment, housing, and companionship, facilitating their settlement in and transition to the new environment.
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Davis, Kevin E. "The Birth of Modern Transnational Bribery Law." In Between Impunity and Imperialism, 31–40. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070809.003.0003.
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This chapter traces the development of modern transnational bribery law in the United States. After a brief discussion of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Oscanyan v. Arms Co., it traces the evolution of domestic anti-bribery law in the United States through the twentieth century. It then discusses the Watergate investigation and scandals involving companies such as Lockheed and United Brands that led to enactment of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. The historical record sheds light on the moral and economic motivations behind this landmark legislation. Subsequent amendments to the FCPA and related statutes, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, are also discussed.
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Hingley, Martin, and Eliseo L. Vilalta-Perdomo. "Roles of Intermediaries in Developing Resilient Systems." In Global Intermediation and Logistics Service Providers, 43–63. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2133-4.ch003.
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This theoretical chapter discusses the role that intermediaries may play in direct distribution, supply chains and supply networks. The first approach does not recognize benefits from striving for collaboration and avoids intermediaries' participation as much as possible. Conversely, the latter two emphasize the creation of economic and efficiency values, through the alignment of goals and resources directed by a stronger channel lead body. However, in the case of micro-producers, increasing these values is not the only motivation; lifestyle or esteem factors may be, for example, more potent drivers. The research extends multi-actor supply arrangements beyond chains and networks, by introducing the concept of supply communities. This is illustrated through a vignette of a regional food marketing umbrella group that plays an organizing role. Findings suggest intermediaries to act as triggers for collaboration. The complementary nature of the community approach suggests a framework for micro-businesses to strengthen their operations with existing traditional supply arrangements.
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Eadens, Danielle M., and Daniel W. Eadens. "Pivoting to Deeper Experiences in Education." In Handbook of Research on Lessons Learned From Transitioning to Virtual Classrooms During a Pandemic, 277–90. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6557-5.ch015.
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The COVID-19 pandemic led educators to quickly pivot to continue teaching. Negative effects include exacerbated academic achievement gaps between SES groups, less access to health services, aggravated digital divides, widened academic achievement gaps, and enormously interrupted the education processes. Positive changes include educator optimism for digital portfolios, simulated lesson planning, and delivery; supports for social-emotional engagement; seamless transitions to remote learning; and seeing recalcitrant individuals revise and adapt teaching formats, relationship-building, increased quality online education, and motivation to try innovations. Relational humanity is an integral part of the faculty-student relationship; showing students they matter as humans and deepening relationships with them is a humanitarian act. The pivot forced variations, created disequilibrium, celebrated innovations, and yielded creative delivery models. Faculty are now re-examining their content and delivery in the spirit of creating an improved student experience for all modalities of instruction.
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"The Development and Growth of Professional Coaching as an Education Retention Strategy." In Coaching for Student Retention and Success at the Postsecondary Level, 1–29. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5948-1.ch001.
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This chapter develops background, data points, research, and literature review context around the factors and the educational environment that led to the identification of processional coaching as a promising retention strategy at post-secondary institutions. The chapter begins with some background on the history of educational coaching and how it was initially defined and then chronicles the development of professional coaching as an educational retention strategy. The chapter briefly discusses the financial impact of low retention both from a student and an institutional perspective. The chapter then looks at graduation rates by institution and surveys online versus face-to-face graduation rates and the growth of online learning and its impact on student retention. There is exploration of how for-profit institutions and their growth created a conducive environment for the design and deployment of professional coaching in the higher education sector. The chapter also investigates how increased participation in higher education led to lower completion rates and how this dynamic eventually led to the development of new and innovative strategies around retention. Some background on the birth and ascension of online degree completion programs also helps to set the stage for later research related to retention and student success and how non-first-time students as the new majority are impacting the post-secondary education marketplace. Learning and motivation challenges for non-first-time students are also introduced and explored within the context of the development of coaching as a retention strategy.
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Oakley, Warren. "The king of clubs." In Thomas 'Jupiter' Harris, 67–96. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526129123.003.0002.
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This chapter announces Harris’s arrival at Covent Garden theatre. It recounts the ill-fated purchase of the theatre by four speculators in 1767 — Harris, Colman, Powell, and Rutherford — and the violent fight for control that eventually led to Harris’s triumph. This chapter explores the culmination of their dispute at the trial in the Court of Chancery, along with the factors and prejudices which influenced its outcome. Newly uncovered manuscripts are employed to recreate the arguments offered by the opposing advocates — Wedderburn and Dunning — as they focused upon the art of theatre management and the motivations of the youthfully impetuous Harris. This trial before the Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal was one staging post in Harris’s course towards Pitt’s ministry, as it forced him to confront the nature of public opinion as well as Colman’s ability to marshal it.
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Foster, Karen Polinger. "Introduction." In Strange and Wonderful, 1–3. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672539.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter presents two new directions in Western scholarship that coincide with the study of human relationships with flora and fauna in gardens and zoos. The first grew out of increasing interest in natural history in its broadest sense, with investigation into such topics as the intersection of science and art, and the societal and personal motivations behind the collection of specimens, living and not. Historians of botanical and zoological gardens, for their part, were now considering the evolution of planting schemes, display architecture, public access, and popular expectations, as well as the psychology of interaction with the strange and wonderful. The second direction was a byproduct of globalization. Here, museums led the way by mounting exhibitions that transcended disciplinary boundaries to demonstrate influences and linkages across time and space. Thought-provoking juxtapositions illuminated the myriad ways in which communities reflected, absorbed, reinterpreted, and sometimes rejected the exotic. Ultimately, among the book’s unifying themes is the pervasive, persistent notion that exotic flora and fauna were essential elements in creating and ordering perfect, microcosmic worlds.
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"Building Representations in Motivated Learning." In Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind, 203–42. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5653-5.ch007.
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If an intelligent system is to benefit from prior experiences, then such a system must have the ability to learn. Learning must lead to the gathering of new knowledge of increased complexity and is based on the exploration of the world and social interactions. In this chapter authors describe building representations in motivated learning, a process that is close to learning by natural systems and yields better learning results in artificial systems than reinforcement learning. An embodied agent's mission is to survive in an unfavorable environment. The agent must have needs whose fulfillment is a measure of its success – survival. Meeting these needs require physical and mental efforts, and the development of useful skills is associated with the development of intelligence. The agent's environment must provide conditions in which individuals will be subjected to pressure from an environment in which better solutions, greater skills, and broader knowledge count. The agent treats unmet needs as signals to act. The strength of these signals depends on the degree of unmet needs so that the agent can differentiate between them and compared them. Various need signals provide motivation for action and control the learning process. In complex environments, there are rules that regulate the relationships between objects. By discovering these rules, the machine gains knowledge about the environment. Knowledge is represented by building connections between neurons in semantic memory. New concepts, objects, needs, or motor skills are represented by adding new memory cells and by associating them with other concepts, actions, and needs. Whether or not a new object or idea is created in semantic memory depends on the mechanism of novelty detection. The more time an agent spends on working or playing with an object, the better it learns the object's physical properties and how to use it. The intended use of objects determines characteristic features needed to classify them. Initially, semantic memory does not store any concepts, does not know places, does not recognize any objects, and does not support any activities or motivations. New concepts or representations of objects emerge from observation and manipulation of objects. A virtual agent's semantic memory obtains symbolic representations of objects and their location or movement in the observed scene. The focus of perceptual attention may result from detection of novelty, change, movement, signal intensity, or meaning in the context of needs. Attention should be focused long enough for the working memory to evaluate how much observed object or considered plan is useful. The focus of attention must also be accompanied by the possibility of switching attention. The attention switching responds to various types of signals, from sensory stimuli through planning and monitoring of performed activities to associative activation of memory. It results from constant rivalry between these signals for attention.
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Sas, Corina. "Sense of Presence." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, 511–17. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch076.
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Sense of presence is one of the most interesting phenomena that enriches users’ experiences of interacting with any type of system. It allows users to be there (Schloerb & Sheridan, 1995) and to perceive the virtual world as another world in which they really exist. The interest in presence phenomenon is not novel (Gerrig, 1993), but it has grown lately due to the advent of virtual reality (VR) technology. The specific characteristics of virtual environments (VEs) transform them into suitable experimental testbeds for studies in various research areas. This also resuscitated the interest in presence, and much work has focused on the development of a theoretical body of knowledge and on a whole set of experimental studies aimed at understanding, explaining, measuring, or predicting presence. All of these efforts have been made to increase the understanding of how presence can be manipulated within the VEs, particularly within the application areas where presence potential has been acknowledged. Probably one of the most important reasons motivating presence research is the relationship it holds with task performance. This debatable relationship together with the more obvious one between presence and user satisfaction suggest that presence may play an important role in the perceived system usability. Since presence may act as a catalyst for the learning potential of VEs, it can be harnessed for the training and transfer of skills (Mantovani & Castelnuovo, 1998; Schank, 1997). The potential of presence to increase the pervasive power of the delivered content motivates research on presence impact on e-marketing and advertising (Grigorovici, 2003). Another promising application area for presence research is within the realm of cognitive therapy of phobias (Strickland et al., 1997). The highly subjective nature of presence continues to challenge researchers to find appropriate methodologies and instruments for measuring it. This is reflected in the ongoing theoretical work of conceptualizing a sense of presence. The difficulties related to investigating presence led to a large set of definitions and measuring tools. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of presence. The first section offers some conceptual delimitations related to presence construct. The second section describes its main determinants along two dimensions (i.e., technological factors and human factors). The third section addresses the challenges of measuring presence, offering also an overview of the main methods, tools, and instruments developed for assessing it. The fourth section presents the complex relationship between presence and task performance.
Conference papers on the topic "Motivation att leda"
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Barhorst, A. A., O. P. Harrison, and G. D. Bachand. "Modeling Elasto-Mechanical Phenomena Involved in the Motor-Driven Assembly of Nanomaterials." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34175.
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As the ability to manipulate materials and components at the nanoscale continues to grow, it will become increasingly critical to understand the dynamic interactions that occur among multiple components. For example, the dynamic interactions among proteins (i.e., nanoscale molecular machines) lead to complex, emergent behaviors such as photosynthesis, self-repair, and cell division. Recently, the research group at Sandia National Labs and The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), headed by George Bachand, has developed a molecular transport system capable of transporting and manipulating a wide range of nanoscale components. This system is based on the kinesin motor molecule and cytoskeletal filament microtubules (MTs), in which the kinesin are mounted to a substrate in an inverted fashion, and capable of binding and transporting the MTs across a surface as a molecular shuttle. In the presence of ATP, the kinesins are capable of generating ∼40 pN·nm of work, and transporting MTs along the substrate at velocities of ∼1 micro-m/sec. The MTs may also serve as a transport platform for various inorganic and biological nanoparticles. During transport, the cargo is transferred, via elastic collisions, from one MT to another or to where two MT carry a single cargo. Bending of the MT and various other elasto-dynamic phenomena such as particle ejection, MT sticking, etc are observed via fluorescence microscopy. The interaction observed by the Bachand team is not unlike the interaction of macroscale devices. The kinesin provide motivation to the MT via a hand-over-hand ratchet like motion driven by ATP hydrolysis. As the kinesin motor domains come into contact with and bind the MT, it is not inconceivable to think of this action from the framework of instantly applied constraints in a manner similar to the macroscopic action of devices coming into and out of constrained interaction. The hypothesis of our work is that the elasto-dynamic phenomenon observed can be modeled with the tools of multiple body dynamics modeling. The modeling perspective is based on the lead author’s hybrid parameter multiple body dynamics modeling methodology. This technique is a variational approach based on the projection methods of Gibbs-Appell. The constrained interaction through contact and impact are modeled with the idea of instantly applied non-holonomic constraints, where the interactions on the boundaries and in the domain of elastic continua are modeled via projections of the d’Alembert force deficit along conjugate directions generated via so called pseudo-generalized-speeds. In this paper we present motivation for our approach, the underlying modeling theory, and current results of our efforts at understanding the kinesin/MT shuttle system interaction.
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Breeher, L. E., Saikrishna Marella, H. S. Udaykumar, and K. B. Chandran. "Computational Modeling and Simulation of Atherosclerotic Plaque Growth." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32481.
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Research has been conducted by the authors with the objective to produce a computational model that will clearly display the coupled nature of the hemodynamics/fluid mechanics of blood flow and atherosclerotic plaque growth in the human carotid artery. The motivation for this investigation is the serious nature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, which occurs in medium and large size arteries. Among the many effects stemming from the disease are heart attack, stroke, ischemia, and peripheral vascular disease. In healthy arteries, the collagen and elastin allow the artery to expand and contract with blood flow. This function enables the artery to maintain constant wall shear stress [1]. Plaque existence in the arterial wall results in decreased ductility of the wall, which inhibits the wall from maintaining constant shear stress. Plaque formations along the arterial wall then protrude into the artery, disturbing the blood flow. Characteristics of the fluid flow in the artery are also altered due to the presence of a plaque. Areas of low shear stress and recirculation move downstream from the plaque. These disturbances act not only to further the plaque formation at the site, but also to make the wall around the plaque formation more prone to lesions that could lead to new plaque initiation. Complex characteristics of the blood flow give areas of an artery such as bends and bifurcations a predisposition for the disease, whereas plaques affect blood flow, creating flow patterns that promote new plaque initiation. This interdependency makes atherosclerosis a very serious disease and one which is of great importance in research.
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Martinez, Eloy, John Zolock, and David Tyrell. "Crush Analyses of Multi-Level Equipment." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13214.
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Non-linear large deformation crush analyses were conducted on a multi-level cab car typical of those in operation by the Southern California Regional Rail Authority (SCRRA) in California. The motivation for these analyses was a collision, which occurred in Placentia, CA, on April 23, 2002. The final deformed state of the leading cab car was unusual. This behavior contrasted with previous testing and analysis experience of single level equipment in collisions. This investigation explores the structural response of multi-level car structures. The structure of the multi-level equipment differs from single level equipment in that a significant change occurs in the load path from where load enters through the coupler and is subsequently reacted aft of the body bolster of the car. This change in load path results from a change in geometry of the car to accommodate quarter point doors and the upper level of the car. Load enters at the typical coupler height but descends to the lower platform level of the car through a transition structure. To better understand the influence of the varied geometry, a series of calculations were performed to obtain the force-crush characteristics and modes of deformation for the cab car subjected to a series of different initial conditions. Crush models were developed of both the lead and trailing end of the car, as well as the center section of the car. In addition to these sub-models, a full car model was constructed. Results from the sub-model analyses indicate that the longitudinal strength of the trailing end is comparable to that of the lead end, and the center section of the car is significantly stronger than either end. This suggests that crush will most likely occur at the ends of the car when it is overloaded. Initial conditions similar to the Placentia, CA accident were also investigated to better understand the atypical mode of deformation that occurred. These results indicated that the multi-level equipment can resist high force levels for longer crush distances than single level platform vehicles but will eventually experience softening behavior, which will result in focused crush at one end of a car.
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Sadigov, Rahim. "CONCEPTUAL BASES OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." In THE LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/lbcs2020.62.
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The main purpose of the research paper is to study the strategic management of human resources in industrial enterprises, career development and stimulation in the activity. Labor resources are active elements in the production of goods, the creation of material wealth and the provision of services to society. Human resources are important ones in all areas of the national economy. Human resources act as a creative component in the organization and management using their mental, spiritual and psychological capabilities. Human resources study and analyze technical, technological possibilities and financial sources, make management decisions as a leading resource in any organization. Research methodology is related in personnel policy and the comprehensive study of strategic human resource management. Human resource management in industrial enterprises is the main subsystem management system. This issue affects on the development of the enterprise, increasing the quality of products, economic efficiency and profits. The importance of the research paper - is to apply the results in the management of industrial enterprises. Human resource management contributes to sustainable operation in enterprises and organizations. The scientific novelty of the research is the definition of a successful personnel policy in the enterprise. Thus, the article identifies strategic goals in human resource management, and develops a corporate concept in this area. The article discusses the application of new technologies for career development. The application of innovations and methods in the implementation of management functions is the basis for motivating the workforce in an organization. All functions and management methods are applied in the process of strategic management of human resources. Management methods are social in nature, as well as ensure the direct development of employees, labor resources and actively influence on the outcome. Management methods lead to the expansion of financial and economic activities of the enterprise, the development of economic activities, the growth of labor resources. Management methods allow to increase competitiveness, as well as to attract partners, suppliers, customers and others. In this regard, our research can be commended in terms of the application of innovation in management.
Reports on the topic "Motivation att leda"
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2010.
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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.promise2010.
Full textAbstract:
The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.