Journal articles: 'Motivation matrix'

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Allen, David Grayson. "The Matrix of Motivation." New England Quarterly 59, no. 3 (September 1986): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/365338.

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Konovalenko, Anastasiia. "Methodological approaches to determining the consumer motivation of children regarding nutrition in educational institutions." Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, no. 3-4(74-75) (October 27, 2020): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.3-4(74-75).2020.174-188.

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The article considers approaches to the analysis of consumer motivation as a factor that affects on the model of consumer behavior. General scientific methods of cognition and special methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, grouping, a survey method for collecting primary data, methods of statistical analysis of the results obtained, a graphical method for visualizing the data obtained, a matrix method for assessing the source and reference point of motivation. The proposed methodological approach to the definition of consumer motivation as an internal factor of consumer behavior is described, which involves the determination of the importance of individual factors of motivation based on the respondents' indication of their priority; characteristics of these motives, taking into account the source of occurrence (external stimulus / internal motives) and the orientation of motivation (fears / striving for achievement); grouping of motivation factors by belonging to the source of motivation and its reference point in the form of the «Source-reference point of motivation» matrix, which provides for the determination of the total value of the frequency of mention; building the consumer's motivational field on the basis of the «Source-benchmark of motivation» matrix, which characterizes the key vector of consumer motivation and serves as a guide for business entities to develop a strategy for marketing activities in the market segment. Based on the proposed approach, an analysis of the motivation of school-age children in the market of food products and services was carried out on the results of the survey. Changes in the child’s motivation in the process of growing up have been proven. These results indicate that children weigh their desire to enjoy food with other values, often not understanding what they can oppose to their own desire to enjoy food. The priority vector of children psychological motivation direction is a reference to internal fears and their own desire for achievement. Based on the results of the research of children consumer behavior in the market of food and food services in educational institutions, a methodology for determining the key characteristics of consumer motivation in the consumer goods market by assessing the source and reference point of motivation and building a motivational field was substantiated. It is advisable to use the proposed methodological approach to characterize the motivation of individual segments of consumers in the consumer goods market in order to further planing the marketing activities of business entities.

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Nickols, Fred. "The action-motivation matrix: Positions people take regarding problems." Performance Improvement 51, no. 9 (October 2012): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pfi.21303.

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Dunn, Steven C. "Motivation by Project and Functional Managers in Matrix Organizations." Engineering Management Journal 13, no. 2 (June 2001): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2001.11415110.

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Hamd, Salah, Faisal Saleh Abdalla, and Ahmed Shletiet. "On A Matrix Hypergeometric Differential Equation." Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 20, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i1.1303.

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In this paper we consider a matrix Hypergeometric differential equation, which are special matrix functions and solution of a specific second order linear differential equation. The aim of this work is to extend a well known theorem on Hypergeometric function in the complex plane to a matrix version, and we show that the asymptotic expansions of Hypergeometric function in the complex plane ” that are given in the literature are special members of our main result. Background and motivation are discussed.

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Fedorovich, Ivanko Alexander, Ivanko Mikhail Alexandrovich, V. Kulikova, and Sultanova Yu. "MOTIVATION OF STUDYING WITH THE HELP OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1492.

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Information technology is widely used in the educational process. To increase the motivation for learning, various methodical methods and means are used. The experience of using the "matrix" information system shows how interest appears to the learning process and all its participants: teachers and students. The article is of interest to all participants of the educational process.

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Parulian, Sahat, and Ahmad Hidayat Sutawijaya. "EFFECT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AND MOTIVATION ON WORKLOAD AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE PT. PLN (PERSERO) UP3 KEBON JERUK." Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management 1, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v1i2.134.

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This study aims to determine and clarify the effect of work environment and work motivation for workload and its implementation on employee performance. Respondents 67 employees (entire population). Data collection is done through interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using path analysis (SmartPls 3.0 software) and correlation matrix between dimensions (SmartPls 3.0 software). The results showed that: (1) Work Environment and Motivation both partially and simultaneously affect Employee Performance; (2) Work environment, motivation and workload both partially and simultaneously affect employee performance; (3) Workload mediates the work environment and motivation on performance. Based on the analysis of the correlation matrix between dimensions, to improve the Work Environment, which has a positive correlation with Workload, it is recommended to maintain and improve the dimensions of Non-Physical Work Environment and also for employee performance also to improve the Physical Environment dimension. To increase motivation, which has a positive correlation with workload, it is recommended to maintain and improve hygiene. And for employee performance that is increasing the dimensions of intrinsic appreciation. To increase the workload that has a positive correlation with employee performance it is advisable to maintain and improve the dimensions of frustration

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Burley, J. "Motivation for Excellence in Forestry Research." Forestry Chronicle 66, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66627-6.

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Forestry cannot be considered as a single commodity and research is not a homogeneous activity. Forestry and its research are carried out in various topics, stages and types, locations, institutions, ecological zones, and stage of country development. Excellence in research can apply to individual scientists, specialist groups, whole institutions, networks of institutions, and the managers of any of these.There is thus a multi-dimensional matrix within which to identify appropriate motivations for excellence. Research excellence itself may have different implications for scientists, science managers, and financiers and policy-makers. Motivating forces (incentives) are also varied but can be summarized simplistically as fame and fortune. However, other factors may be equally important to individuals (security, career structure, personnel policies, creative freedom, relevance of research not just fashionableness, resources, managerial methods and general working environment).The structure and composition of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO) is described and a summary of Canadian activities in IUFRO is included.

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Aliyati, Yetty Supriyati, and Ma'ruf Akbar. "The Effect of Supervision, Motivation Andwork Commitment with Employee Performance at Directorate General of Islamic Community Guidance Ministry of Religion of The Republic Of Indonesia." IJHCM (International Journal of Human Capital Management) 4, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijhcm.04.02.08.

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The objective of the research is to find out the effect of supervision, motivation, andwork commitment to the employee performance at DirektoratJenderalBimbinganMasyarakat Islam Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia.Survey was applied in this study which data have been analyzed by path analysis after all variables put into correlation matrix and multiple regression. In this research, the employee have been chosen as a unit analysis and 150 samples selected randomly. The results of the study found that employee performance was directly influenced by supervision, motivation, and work commitment. And indirectly, employee performance is influenced by the supervisory variable and the motivation variable through work commitment, this shows that the commitment variable is not a good mediating variable. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the variation of Supervision, Motivation and Commitment each has an effect on employee performance, but the motivation variable is more dominant in influencing employee performance, for that it is suggested to the leadership element that to improve employee motivation performance becomes a benchmark in the success of organizational performance. . The objective of the research is to find out the effect of supervision, motivation, andwork commitment to the employee performance at DirektoratJenderalBimbinganMasyarakat Islam Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia.Survey was applied in this study which data have been analyzed by path analysis after all variables put into correlation matrix and multiple regression. In this research, the employee have been chosen as a unit analysis and 150 samples selected randomly. The results of the study found that employee performance was directly influenced by supervision, motivation, and work commitment. And indirectly, employee performance is influenced by the supervisory variable and the motivation variable through work commitment, this shows that the commitment variable is not a good mediating variable. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the variation of Supervision, Motivation and Commitment each has an effect on employee performance, but the motivation variable is more dominant in influencing employee performance, for that it is suggested to the leadership element that to improve employee motivation performance becomes a benchmark in the success of organizational performance.

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Fathi Al-Baghdadi, Mai, and Eman Mahmoud El Ashmawy. "Working memory and its relation to achievement motivation among academically outstanding students at the faculty of education, Majmaah university." International Journal of Childhood, Counselling and Special Education 2, no. 1 (March 2021): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/ccse2021.2.1.2.

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The current study aimed to identify the relationship between the working memory and its tasks (Audio Numbers - Category Classification - Visual Matrix - Maps & Directions), and achievement motivation among academically outstanding students, the study sample consisted of 60 students (GPA= 4.5 and above), who were academically outstanding in the faculty of Education, the Majmaah University from different departments. By using Working Memory and Achievement motivation tests, the results were extracted by the SPSS program indicated: There is a positive statistically significant relationship at the level (0.05) between the achievement motivation and working memory tasks, and the presence of a positive statistically significant relationship at (0.001) level between achievement motivation and memory of maps and directions.

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Goddard, Peter. "The guiding influence of Stanley Mandelstam, fromS-matrix theory to string theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 12 (April 27, 2017): 1740013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17400139.

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The guiding influence of some of Stanley Mandelstam’s key contributions to the development of theoretical high energy physics is discussed, from the motivation for the study of the analytic properties of the scattering matrix through to dual resonance models and their evolution into string theory.

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Tskhadaya, N. D., D. N. Bezgodov, and О. I. Belyaeva. "University Education and the Value Projection of the Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 30, no. 4 (May 4, 2021): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-4-86-98.

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The authors consider the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a component of the global capitalist ideology. The value disposition of universities in relation to the concept of CSR is analyzed relying on the fundamental motivational matrix (FMM). The fundamental types of motivation are defined according to the anthropological distinction between personality and human nature and the social distinction between reward and punishment. In accordance with the logic of the applicability of different types of motivation, the fundamental contradiction between the value basis of the capitalist economy and the main scientific and educational activities of universities is determined. The attitude of voluntary responsibility characteristic of CSR is defined as internally contradictory, but unavoidable within the system of declared values of the capitalist economy. It is shown that the peripheral position of labor in this system of values is not accidental, that labor and investment success are opposed, and that it is irrevocable.

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Resnicow, Ken, Pedro J. Teixeira, and Geoffrey C. Williams. "Efficient Allocation of Public Health and Behavior Change Resources: The “Difficulty by Motivation” Matrix." American Journal of Public Health 107, no. 1 (January 2017): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303526.

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SIAHAAN, BETTY ZELDA. "PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN KERJA, PERSEPSI PERAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI ADMINISTRASI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA." Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmp.02105.

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The objective of this research is to find out the effects of the work ability, perceptions on role, and work motivation of the employees performance at the State University of Jakarta, conducted in 2009. The method used was a correlation study by survey. The sample size was 60 employees, selected at random. The data were analyzed by path analysis after placed in correlation matrix. The results showed as the followings, (1) the work ability and the role the perception have direct effects on work motivation; (2) the work ability and the role perception have direct effects on the employees performance; (3) the work motivation has also a direct effect on performance; (4) the work ability and role the perception have indirect effects on performance through work motivation. The implication of these results is that in the effort to improve the employee performance, the work ability, role perception and the work motivation should be considered.

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Hoshmand, Hedayatullah, and Sandeep Singh Kang. "Null function classification using NFR matrix and decision tree." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (June 23, 2018): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12495.

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This research work is based on the classification of the functions which are required and which is not required for the efficient development of the software. The motivation of this work is to identify non required functions to reduce development cost and efforts. The classification is the technique which can classify data into certain number of classes. The NFR matrix is the existing technique which can classify the Null functions. To classify the null functions NFR use clustering method which can modify to increase accuracy of classification. In the existing method NFR matrix is used for the null function classification, it use the clustering for the classification. In this work, decision tree will based with the clustering. It take input result of clustering and generate classified result.

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Glover, Natasha M. "Making the most of genomic data with OMA." F1000Research 9 (July 1, 2020): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24904.1.

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The OMA Collection is a resource for users of Orthologous Matrix. In this collection, we provide tutorials and protocols on how to leverage the tools provided by OMA to analyse your data. Here, I explain the motivation for this collection and its published works thus far.

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Borzou, Ahmad, Razie Yousefi, and Rovshan G. Sadygov. "Another look at matrix correlations." Bioinformatics 35, no. 22 (April 25, 2019): 4748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz281.

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Abstract Motivation High throughput technologies are widely employed in modern biomedical research. They yield measurements of a large number of biomolecules in a single experiment. The number of experiments usually is much smaller than the number of measurements in each experiment. The simultaneous measurements of biomolecules provide a basis for a comprehensive, systems view for describing relevant biological processes. Often it is necessary to determine correlations between the data matrices under different conditions or pathways. However, the techniques for analyzing the data with a low number of samples for possible correlations within or between conditions are still in development. Earlier developed correlative measures, such as the RV coefficient, use the trace of the product of data matrices as the most relevant characteristic. However, a recent study has shown that the RV coefficient consistently overestimates the correlations in the case of low sample numbers. To correct for this bias, it was suggested to discard the diagonal elements of the outer products of each data matrix. In this work, a principled approach based on the matrix decomposition generates three trace-independent parts for every matrix. These components are unique, and they are used to determine different aspects of correlations between the original datasets. Results Simulations show that the decomposition results in the removal of high correlation bias and the dependence on the sample number intrinsic to the RV coefficient. We then use the correlations to analyze a real proteomics dataset. Availability and implementation The python code can be downloaded from http://dynamic-proteome.utmb.edu/MatrixCorrelations.aspx. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Döhring, Klaus, and Paul Tavan. "FBR: a robust method to determine the basis matrix of the Bravais lattice from oscillation images." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889800004441.

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The FBR (Fourier basis reconstruction) method described in this paper has been designed to determine the basis matrix of the Bravais lattice with respect to the laboratory frame of reference and without prior knowledge of cell constants, particularly for protein crystals of comparatively low quality. It is based on Fourier analysis of a three-dimensional intensity distribution in reciprocal space, which is directly obtained from observed intensity distributions, provided that they are recorded by the rotation method using a fixed X-ray wavelength, resulting in a direct-space determination of the basis vectors. After a description of the motivation and theory behind the method, it is tested by application to numerically generated images of a virtual sample crystal and to experimental data of a lysozyme crystal with well known cell constants. Finally, FBR is applied to a set of images of bacteriorhodopsin crystals suffering from strong anisotropic spot broadening; this case provided the original motivation for the present work.

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Sambhanthan, Arunasalam, and Alice Good. "Critical Success Factors for Positive User Experience in Hotel Websites." International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications 5, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jesma.2013010101.

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This research presents the development of a critical success factor matrix for increasing positive user experience of hotel websites based upon user ratings. Firstly, a number of critical success factors for web usability have been identified through the initial literature review. Secondly, hotel websites were surveyed in terms of critical success factors identified through the literature review. Thirdly, Herzberg’s motivation theory has been applied to the user rating and the critical success factors were categorized into two areas. Finally, the critical success factor matrix has been developed using the two main sets of data.

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Prasertsin, Ujsara. "The confirmatory factor analysis of teacher’s research motivation scale." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 8, no. 3 (August 24, 2018): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v8i3.651.

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The purpose of the research is to develop the measurement of motivation scale of in class action research conducted by school teachers. The sampling is 403 teachers, subordinated to Office of The Basic Education Commission. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires of 20 questions. The questions were designed into 5 levels following to the motivation scale in research measurement of Deemer, Mahoney, & Ball (2010). This 20 questions questionnaire is consisting of 3 latent variables that are 9 questions of intrinsic motivation, 6 questions of failure avoidance and 5 questions extrinsic motivation. The purpose of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is to test the construct validity of research latent variables that found the harmony correlation of empirical data contained in this research model, the value of Chi-Square ( )=89.224 at the degree of freedom=71, P value=0.071, GFI=0.978, AGFI=0.936, RMSEA=0.062, RMR=0.018, Model AIC=367.224, Saturated AIC=420.000, Model CAIC= 1062.076, Saturated CAIC = 1469.777. The weight factors of latent variable are 0.692, -0.066 and 0.894 retrospectively. The value of reliability according to cronbach’s alpha coefficient of correlation is 0.479, 0.004 and 0.800 retrospectively. Moreover correlation matrix of 20 observed variables shows the correlation among latent variables of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation with the significant level of statistic correlation at 0.05, the correlation value ranged between 0.196-0.604 and 0.196-0.696 retrospectively. The highest value of correlation scored 0.696 is founded in observed variables of intrinsic motivation latent variable. Keywords: Confirmatory, factor analysis, teacher, research motivation

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Lishev, St, A. Shivarova, and D. Yordanov. "Motivation of concepts for the negative ion extraction from a single element of the matrix source." Review of Scientific Instruments 87, no. 2 (February 2016): 02B115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4932986.

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Siregar, Putri Amanda, and Rosliana Siregar. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KOMIK MATEMATIKA DENGAN BANTUAN POWERPOINT TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DI SMK ISTIQLAL DELITUA PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KOMIK MATEMATIKA DENGAN BANTUAN POWERPOINT TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DI SMK ISTIQLAL DELITUA." MES: Journal of Mathematics Education and Science 3, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mes.v3i1.226.

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This research aims to determine the effect of using comics media mathematics with the help of powerpoint on motivation and results of students’ mathematics learning on the subject of the matrix inverse order 2x2. This research was conducted in SMK Istiqlal Delitua. The population in this research are 486 students of class X. The sampling in this research using purposive sampling technique are 35 students of class X.AP-1. Based on the results of the test data requirements known that motivation data as well as results of the students’ mathematic learning are distributed normally. Motivation data an average score is 99,2 while the results of students’ mathematics learning data an average score is 19,6. Based on data analysis known that: (1) comics media mathematics are positive and significant impact on motivation to mathematic learn, where t test was obtained thitung = 3,1914 ˃ ttabel = 1,692. The index determination I = 12,5%, it means that comics media mathematics accounted 12,5% with motivation onof mathematic learning; (2) comics media mathematics are positive and significant with the results of students’ mathematics learning. Based on t test was obtained thitung = 6,19 ˃ ttabel = 1,692. The index determination I = 53,77%, it means that comics media mathematics accounted for 53,77% of the increase in the results of students’ mathematics learning.

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Hill, Oliver W., and Lisa Huntley. "Internal-External Dimension of Epistemic and Personality Factors and a Measure of Achievement Motivation." Psychological Reports 82, no. 3_suppl (June 1998): 1331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3c.1331.

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This study examined associations among measures of epistemic orientation, field dependence-independence, locus of control, and the achievement motive. Subjects were assessed using the Psycho-Epistemological Profile, the Portable Rod and Frame Test, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and the Mehrabian Achieving Scale. Analysis of the correlation matrix indicated significant relations among Internal Epistemic Orientation, Field Independence, and Achievement Motive. A subsequent principal components factor analysis showed that the measure of achievement motive had a significant negative loading on the factor for an external locus of control. The implications were discussed.

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Arshad, Muhammad, Ghulam Abid, Francoise Contreras, Natasha Saman Elahi, and Muhammad Ahsan Athar. "Impact of Prosocial Motivation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Managerial Support." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 436–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11020032.

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This study, based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, explores the impact of contextual variables, such as prosocial motivation, on employee discretionary behavior and organizational commitment. The mediating mechanism of managerial support at work defines the nature of the proposed relationships. Data from 303 administrative, instructional, and supervisory staff—predominantly male (95%) and with an average age of 30 years—working on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for Pakistan’s public sector were collected and analyzed by employing SPSS version 24. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested a good fit model, while a correlation matrix provided a significant and positive effect of prosocial motivation on employee citizenship behaviour and organizational commitment. Managerial support mediated the relationship between prosocial motivation and the employees’ organizational commitment and citizenship behaviour. The theoretical and practical implications discussed in this study seek to guide the management area to promote managerial support for better outcomes. These outcomes have considerable tactical, statistical, and real-world inferences for the stakeholders of the TVET sector.

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Et al., Ananta Kumar Jena. "Organizational capacity, motivation, or intervention capacity?: Are these affects online teaching readiness and need satisfaction of students." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 5644–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2186.

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In this pandemic situation, educational institutions are trying to co-operate students in continuing learning without face-to-face interaction. Teachers have online teaching readiness with their own organizational capacities, motivation, and interactive capacities and use online teaching strategies to satisfy students' needs and desires. In fact, the study aimed to assess the effect of organizational capacity, motivation, or intervention capacity on online teaching readiness and satisfaction of students’ learning during COVID-19 broke out or future unforeseen circumstances. 90 teachers and 135 students participated in an online survey and responded the online teaching readiness questionnaire and e-learning satisfaction scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to evaluate the online teaching readiness and online learning satisfaction models. A partial correlation matrix, CMIN, CFI, PCFI; NCP, FMIN, RMSEA, AIC, and ECVI was generated by the AMOS 21.0 program to calculate path coefficients and the overall model fit. The authors claimed that organizational capacity, motivation, and intervention capacity significantly relate to teachers' online teaching readiness. Synchronous e learning (e.g., Skype/Zoom/WebEx) results of the direct effects of students’ learning performance, need satisfaction, openness to learning, self-concept, self-pace, problem solving, self-assessing, love of learning, creativity, and motivation

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Prells, Uwe, and Michael I. Friswell. "A Relationship Between Defective Systems and Unit-Rank Modification of Classical Damping." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 122, no. 2 (October 1, 1999): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.568458.

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A common assumption within the mathematical modeling of vibrating elastomechanical system is that the damping matrix can be diagonalized by the modal matrix of the undamped model. These damping models are sometimes called “classical” or “proportional.” Moreover it is well known that in case of a repeated eigenvalue of multiplicity m, there may not exist a full sub-basis of m linearly independent eigenvectors. These systems are generally termed “defective.” This technical brief addresses a relation between a unit-rank modification of a classical damping matrix and defective systems. It is demonstrated that if a rank-one modification of the damping matrix leads to a repeated eigenvalue, which is not an eigenvalue of the unmodified system, then the modified system is defective. Therefore defective systems are much more common in mechanical systems with general viscous damping than previously thought, and this conclusion should provide strong motivation for more detailed study of defective systems. [S0739-3717(00)00602-4]

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Wehrfritz, B. A. F. "Unipotent normal subgroups of skew linear groups." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 105, no. 1 (January 1989): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100001341.

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A recurrent problem over many years in the study of linear groups has been the determination of the central height of a unipotent normal subgroup of some matrix group of specified type. In the theory of matrix groups over division rings, unipotent elements frequently present special difficulties and these have usually been by-passed by the addition of some suitable hypothesis. In this paper we make a start on the removal of these extraneous hypotheses. Our motivation for doing this now conies from [9], where by 3·7 of that paper the additional assumptions have finally reduced us to degree one, a situation where unipotent elements present few problems!

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Slaker, Megan, Jordan M. Blacktop, and Barbara A. Sorg. "Caught in the Net: Perineuronal Nets and Addiction." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7538208.

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Exposure to drugs of abuse induces plasticity in the brain and creates persistent drug-related memories. These changes in plasticity and persistent drug memories are believed to produce aberrant motivation and reinforcement contributing to addiction. Most studies have explored the effect drugs of abuse have on pre- and postsynaptic cells and astrocytes; however, more recently, attention has shifted to explore the effect these drugs have on the extracellular matrix (ECM). Within the ECM are unique structures arranged in a net-like manner, surrounding a subset of neurons called perineuronal nets (PNNs). This review focuses on drug-induced changes in PNNs, the molecules that regulate PNNs, and the expression of PNNs within brain circuitry mediating motivation, reward, and reinforcement as it pertains to addiction.

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Długosz, Rafal, Katarzyna Kubiak, Tomasz Talaśka, and Inga Zbierska-Piątek. "Parallel matrix multiplication circuits for use in Kalman filtering." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 32, no. 4 (2019): 479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1904479d.

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In this work we propose several ways of the CMOS implementation of a circuit for the multiplication of matrices. We mainly focus on parallel and asynchronous solutions, however serial and mixed approaches are also discussed for the comparison. Practical applications are the motivation behind our investigations. They include fast Kalman filtering commonly used in automotive active safety functions, for example. In such filters, numerous time-consuming operations on matrices are performed. An additional problem is the growing amount of data to be processed. It results from the growing number of sensors in the vehicle as fully autonomous driving is developed. Software solutions may prove themselves to be insuffucient in the nearest future. That is why hardware coprocessors are in the area of our interests as they could take over some of the most time-consuming operations. The paper presents possible solutions, tailored to specific problems (sizes of multiplied matrices, number of bits in signals, etc.). The estimates of the performance made on the basis of selected simulation and measurement results show that multiplication of 3?3 matrices with data rate of 20 100 MSps is achievable in the CMOS 130 nm technology.

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Liang, Lifan, Kunju Zhu, and Songjian Lu. "BEM: Mining Coregulation Patterns in Transcriptomics via Boolean Matrix Factorization." Bioinformatics 36, no. 13 (January 8, 2020): 4030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz977.

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Abstract Motivation The matrix factorization is an important way to analyze coregulation patterns in transcriptomic data, which can reveal the tumor signal perturbation status and subtype classification. However, current matrix factorization methods do not provide clear bicluster structure. Furthermore, these algorithms are based on the assumption of linear combination, which may not be sufficient to capture the coregulation patterns. Results We presented a new algorithm for Boolean matrix factorization (BMF) via expectation maximization (BEM). BEM is more aligned with the molecular mechanism of transcriptomic coregulation and can scale to matrix with over 100 million data points. Synthetic experiments showed that BEM outperformed other BMF methods in terms of reconstruction error. Real-world application demonstrated that BEM is applicable to all kinds of transcriptomic data, including bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomic datasets. Given appropriate binarization, BEM was able to extract coregulation patterns consistent with disease subtypes, cell types or spatial anatomy. Availability and implementation Python source code of BEM is available on https://github.com/LifanLiang/EM_BMF. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Sen, Supratik. "The Eco-Theology of the Bhagavad Gītā: A Multi-Layered Ethical Theory." Religions 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040241.

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I argue that a normative environmental ethical theory can be coherently derived out of the theological matrix of the Bhagavad Gītā. I build upon Ithamar Theodor’s articulation of the Gītā’s underlying unifying structure to depict how the Gītā conceives of three possible relationships with nature. This allows me to tease out three concurrent worldviews in the Gītā—a world-affirming worldview, a world-renouncing worldview and a bhakti worldview, which is simultaneously world-affirming and world-renouncing. I show how three distinct theories of motivation—three different reasons for acting in the world—emerge from the interconnected normative, soteriological and ontological dimensions of each of these three worldviews. More importantly, the motivation to act for the welfare of individuals in nature, such as animals and plants, can be legitimately derived from these three theories of motivation. I contextualize the Bhagavad Gītā’s environmental ethics by placing it within the larger framework of the text’s distinctive multi-layered approach to ethical theory, in which the foundational teleological mokṣa theory grounds and explains the plurality of more superficial normative foundational theories.

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Friedman, Robi. "Beyond rejection, glory and the Soldier’s Matrix: the heart of my group analysis." Group Analysis 51, no. 4 (August 22, 2018): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316418792487.

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During my 45 year journey in the different approaches to psychotherapy, an interest in small, median and later in large groups have influenced me professionally. Many in the Israel IGA had a similar professional history until we finally felt group analysis as our home. I also learned from experiences of rejection and glory. A Trauma-Glory continuum, connected to rejection and inclusion, will be discussed. Glory, which is considered a basic social motivation, could have a special space in group analysis. The concept of the Soldier’s Matrix will be discussed, with a distinctive group-analytic approach to the large group and ‘the Sandwich model’. This group analytic application, could be taken as a possible ‘anti-dote’ to difficult social configurations as are found in ‘soldiers’ matrices’.

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KIM, JAN T., JAN E. GEWEHR, and THOMAS MARTINETZ. "BINDING MATRIX: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR BINDING SITE RECOGNITION." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 02, no. 02 (June 2004): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720004000569.

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Recognition of protein-DNA binding sites in genomic sequences is a crucial step for discovering biological functions of genomic sequences. Explosive growth in availability of sequence information has resulted in a demand for binding site detection methods with high specificity. The motivation of the work presented here is to address this demand by a systematic approach based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation. A general framework is developed in which a large class of binding site detection methods can be described in a uniform and consistent way. Protein-DNA binding is determined by binding energy, which is an approximately linear function within the space of sequence words. All matrix based binding word detectors can be regarded as different linear classifiers which attempt to estimate the linear separation implied by the binding energy function. The standard approaches of consensus sequences and profile matrices are described using this framework. A maximum likelihood approach for determining this linear separation leads to a novel matrix type, called the binding matrix. The binding matrix is the most specific matrix based classifier which is consistent with the input set of known binding words. It achieves significant improvements in specificity compared to other matrices. This is demonstrated using 95 sets of experimentally determined binding words provided by the TRANSFAC database.

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Johnson, K. W. "On the group determinant." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 109, no. 2 (March 1991): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100069760.

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The original motivation for the introduction by Frobenius of group characters for non-abelian groups was the problem of the factorization of the group determinant corresponding to a finite group G. The original papers are [5] and [6] and a good historical survey of the work is given in [7] and [8]. If G is of order n, the group matrix XG is defined to be the n×n matrix {xg, h} where xg, h = xgh∈G. Here the xg, g∈G, represent variables. The group determinant ΘG is defined to be det(XG), and is thus a polynomial of degree n in the xg. This determinant is the same, up to sign, as that of the matrix obtained from the unbordered multiplication table of G by replacing each element g by xg. If there is no ambiguity ΘG will be written as Θ.

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Pakarinen, Mikko, and Petri Juhani Virtanen. "Matrix organizations and cross-functional teams in the public sector: a systematic review." International Journal of Public Sector Management 30, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-04-2016-0065.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical research on matrix organizations and cross-functional teams (CFTs) in the public sector, focussing on typical application areas and settings and on motivation for deployment and evidence of utility. Design/methodology/approach This is a systematic literature review compiled from several electronic databases. Data cover the period from 1990 to 2015 and are confined to academic articles written in English. Findings Applications of the matrix approach in public sector organizations are found in human resource management and performance management, service development and public procurement, and creation of new organizations or organization reform and network organizations. While the proven utility of matrix organization is often unclear, especially CFTs are linked to better organizational performance, improved coordination, internal collaboration and development of cross-boundary tasks. Research limitations/implications Methodological limitations relate to excluded data due to non-accessible articles. Practical implications The findings have practical implications for public sector organizations in adapting to a changing environment. Originality/value This is the first systematic literature review of matrix management in public sector organizations.

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Fei, Teng, and Tianwei Yu. "scBatch: batch-effect correction of RNA-seq data through sample distance matrix adjustment." Bioinformatics 36, no. 10 (February 13, 2020): 3115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa097.

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Abstract Motivation Batch effect is a frequent challenge in deep sequencing data analysis that can lead to misleading conclusions. Existing methods do not correct batch effects satisfactorily, especially with single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Results We present scBatch, a numerical algorithm for batch-effect correction on bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data with emphasis on improving both clustering and gene differential expression analysis. scBatch is not restricted by assumptions on the mechanism of batch-effect generation. As shown in simulations and real data analyses, scBatch outperforms benchmark batch-effect correction methods. Availability and implementation The R package is available at github.com/tengfei-emory/scBatch. The code to generate results and figures in this article is available at github.com/tengfei-emory/scBatch-paper-scripts. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Elze, Hans-Thomas. "A Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula for the logarithm of permutations." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 17, no. 04 (March 2020): 2050052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887820500528.

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The dynamics-from-permutations of classical Ising spins are studied for a chain of four spins. We obtain the Hamiltonian operator which is equivalent to the unitary permutation matrix that encodes assumed pairwise exchange interactions. It is shown how this can be summarized by an exact terminating Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula, which relates the Hamiltonian to a product of exponentiated two-spin exchange permutations. We briefly comment upon physical motivation and implications of this study.

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Schneider, Jesper W., and Pia Borlund. "Matrix comparison, Part 1: Motivation and important issues for measuring the resemblance between proximity measures or ordination results." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 58, no. 11 (2007): 1586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.20643.

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Sakinah Ubudiyah Siregar, Sri Milfayetti, Ibnu Hajar, and Akmaluddin. "PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA LABUHAN BATU." Visipena Journal 11, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/visipena.v11i1.1074.

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Effect of Work Motivation on the Performance of Labuhan Batu Private University Lecturers]. This study aims to determine and analyze work motivation directly affect the performance of Labuhan Batu Private University lecturers. Subjects were Labuhan Batu Private University lecturers with a total sample of 125 people, taken by means of a random sampling formula using the Slovin formula, and data were analyzed using path analysis after calculating the correlation of all research variables in the form of a matrix. The research findings obtained work motivation has a direct effect on the positive performance of Labuhan Batu Private University lecturers. Obtained a significant path coefficient between work motivation and lecturer performance, namely: ρ65 = 0.21. Furthermore, based on the calculation of the direct influence of work motivation with lecturer performance of 0.212 = 0.044. Thus, work motivation that directly determines changes in lecturer performance is 4.4%. Abstrak Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Labuhan Batu]. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan menganalisis motivasi kerja berpengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Labuhan Batu. Subjek penelitian adalah dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Labuhan Batu dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 125 orang, yang diambil dengan cara rumus random sampling menggunakan rumus Slovin, dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis jalur setelah dihitung korelasi seluruh variabel penelitian dalam bentuk matriks. Hasil temuan penelitian diperoleh Motivasi kerja berpengaruh langsung terhadap positif kinerja dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Labuhan Batu. diperoleh koefisien jalur yang signifikan antara motivasi kerja dengan Kinerja dosen, yaitu: ρ65 = 0,21, Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil perhitungan pengaruh langsung motivasi kerja dengan kinerja dosen sebesar 0,212 =0,044. Dengan demikian, motivasi kerja yang secara langsung menentukan perubahan- perubahan kinerja dosen adalah sebesar 4,4 %. Kata Kunci: motivasi kerja, kinerja dosen

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Chen, Chong, Changjing Wu, Linjie Wu, Xiaochen Wang, Minghua Deng, and Ruibin Xi. "scRMD: imputation for single cell RNA-seq data via robust matrix decomposition." Bioinformatics 36, no. 10 (March 2, 2020): 3156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa139.

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Abstract Motivation Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enables whole transcriptome profiling at single cell resolution and holds great promises in many biological and medical applications. Nevertheless, scRNA-seq often fails to capture expressed genes, leading to the prominent dropout problem. These dropouts cause many problems in down-stream analysis, such as significant increase of noises, power loss in differential expression analysis and obscuring of gene-to-gene or cell-to-cell relationship. Imputation of these dropout values can be beneficial in scRNA-seq data analysis. Results In this article, we model the dropout imputation problem as robust matrix decomposition. This model has minimal assumptions and allows us to develop a computational efficient imputation method called scRMD. Extensive data analysis shows that scRMD can accurately recover the dropout values and help to improve downstream analysis such as differential expression analysis and clustering analysis. Availability and implementation The R package scRMD is available at https://github.com/XiDsLab/scRMD. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Diaz, Frank M., Jason M. Silveira, and Katherine Strand. "A Neurophenomenological Investigation of Mindfulness Among Collegiate Musicians." Journal of Research in Music Education 68, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429420921184.

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We investigated the efficacy of a phenomenological matrix of mindfulness as a framework for examining expectations, formal meditation experiences, and appraisals of first-year college music students ( N = 18) who participated in a 5-day mindfulness module offered through an introductory course in music education. Participants expressed hopes that meditation would help them manage stress and anxiety, improve their focus and relationships, and support their personal growth and motivation. With respect to lived experiences of formal meditation, we found that without explicit prompting, approximately 86% of coded phrases reflected dimensions of experience that could be mapped within the matrix, suggesting its efficacy for coding. Furthermore, almost all participants attributed mindfulness to improving their general wellness, with dereification, breathing, and nonaversive affect frequently mentioned as key factors leading to these improvements. Additionally, consistent with the neurophenomenological aims of the matrix, we list cognitive outcomes and neurophysiological mechanisms potentially attributable to the nature of selected appraisal statements by participants.

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Su, Chung-Ho, and Ting-Wen Cheng. "A Sustainability Innovation Experiential Learning Model for Virtual Reality Chemistry Laboratory: An Empirical Study with PLS-SEM and IPMA." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041027.

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This study focuses on serious virtual reality games, and how users can increase their understanding of the sustainable innovation learning (SIL) model and their familiarity with sustainable development strategies. “Users” of serious games consists of all possible target groups that are interested in attaining knowledge of sustainability through the use of games that are designed for a purpose beyond entertainment, in this case, for sustainable education. This research investigates the sustainable innovation experiential learning model by using a virtual chemistry laboratory to affect academic achievement. A questionnaire was completed by students who had used the virtual lab, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied for analysis. Importance-performance matrix analysis (IPMA) was able to help expand the basic partial least square (PLS)-SEM result with the fraction. The results show that experiential learning significantly affects learning motivation and academic achievement. Cognitive load and self-efficacy significantly affect learning motivation. Involvement significantly affects academic achievement. The virtual chemistry laboratory significantly affects academic achievement. Students who used the sustainability innovation experiential learning model obtained a better understanding of the chemical concepts. Moreover, a virtual lab promotes students’ motivation in regard to chemistry.

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Weerasinghe, Gamini, Karthik Soundararajan, and Janaka Ruwanpura. "LEED–PDRI Framework for Pre-project Planning of Sustainable Building Projects." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.3.123.

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Green buildings help in sustainability, in terms of achieving energy efficiency and minimizing the utilization of natural resources. Additional benefits include long-term sustainable building management and maintenance. There is, therefore, compelling motivation for the building of sustainable projects. This inspiration has led to the development of the leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) rating systems and projects by the United States Green Building Council and the Canadian Green Building Council. Proper building project management (BPM) of such projects is warranted. Pre-project planning is a crucial part of BPM that ensures delivery and performance of construction projects. Pre-project planning is defined as the process that encompasses all the tasks between project initiation and detailed design. There is a positive relationship between comprehensive pre-project planning and enhanced project performance. Given the motivation for environmentally sustainable projects and proper management of constructing such projects, diligent pre-project planning for such projects is required. This paper investigates the use of the LEED rating system in pre-project planning of sustainable construction projects by developing a matrix that combines the LEED and the Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) developed by the Construction Industry Institute. The conceptual matrix and its application to a case study demonstrates that the value of linking pre-project planning with LEED to improve the decision making process during planning and designing of building projects to improve sustainability.

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Glasser, Leslie. "From atoms to bonds, angles and torsions: molecular metrics from crystal space, and two Excel implementations." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, no. 4 (July 16, 2020): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720007311.

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Values of molecular bond lengths, bond angles and (less frequently) bond torsion angles are readily available from databases, from crystallographic software, and/or from interactive molecular and crystal visualization programs such as Jmol. However, the methods used to calculate these values are less well known. In this paper, the computational methods are described in detail, and live Excel implementations, which permit readers to readily perform the calculations for their own molecular systems, are provided. The methods described apply to both fractional coordinates in crystal space and Cartesian coordinates in Euclidean space (space in which the geometric postulates of Euclid are valid) and are vector/matrix based. In their simplest computational form, they are applied as algebraic expansions which are summed. They are also available in matrix formulations, which are readily manipulated and calculated using the matrix functions of Excel. In particular, their general formulation as metric matrices is introduced. The methods in use are illustrated by a detailed example of the calculations. This contribution provides a significant practical application which can also act as motivation for the study of matrix mathematics with respect to its many uses in chemistry.

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Akmaluddin, Akmaluddin, Basri Basri, and Mardhatillah Mardhatillah. "INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP AND WORK MOTIVATION ON THE COMMITMENT OF BANDA ACEH STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS." Jurnal Ilmiah Teunuleh 2, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51612/teunuleh.v2i1.47.

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This study aims to determine: (1) the influence of leadership on motivation, (2) the influence of leadership on teacher commitment, (3) the effect of motivation on teacher commitment. Influence The study population was all public high school teachers in Banda Aceh City with a total sample of 252 people taken by proportional random sampling, and the data were analyzed using path analysis after calculating the correlation of all research variables in the form of a matrix. The research findings show that the commitment of public high school teachers in Banda Aceh City is directly influenced by the principal's leadership and teacher work motivation. Based on hypothesis testing, it can be concluded: (1) there is a direct influence of leadership on teacher commitment, (2) there is a direct influence of principal's leadership on teacher commitment, (3) there is a direct influence of work motivation on teacher commitment. Suggestions that can be concluded in this study are: (1) the provincial government of Aceh is authorized to produce policies in accordance with the findings in this study (2) for the head of the Aceh education office to improve the quality of policy professionalism directed at the quality of school principals and teacher commitment (3) for school principals to be able to take into account in forming teacher organizational commitment to their schools (4) for teachers to be able to make reference in carrying out their duties as teachers.

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Petrynski, Waclaw. "Styles of Reasoning in a Sensorimotor Operation in Humans." International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 8, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/ijpefs1916.

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The author presents an attempt at joining the concepts of intelligence by R.B. Cattell and attention by R.M. Nideffer, and including them into a system of a motor operation production, from stimulus reception through movements’ execution. Such a system may be presented as the movements’ management matrix. Joining the two-dimensional concept of attention by Nideffer and one-dimensional concept of intelligence by Cattell results with creation of a three-dimensional model of intellect. The latter makes the central component of the “main production unit” of a motor operation, consisting of three “working” mechanisms (attention, intellect, and foresight) and two auxiliary ones (motivation and decision). Author presents the model of a three-dimensional intellect in the context of the movements’ management matrix and the modalities’ ladder, based on theory by N.A. Bernstein.

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Filippo, Aluffi-Pentini, VFonzo aleria De, and Parisi Valerio. "An Attempt to Improve the Quantitative Epitope Prediction by Modelling Alternative Binding Modes." Open Bioinformatics Journal 3, no. 1 (September 18, 2009): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036200903010051.

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Motivation: A good quantitative epitope prediction, i.e. a reliable prediction of the strength of the MHC-epitope binding, is decisive in order to better understand the immune system response. The prediction is often performed by means of the scoring-matrix method that usually assumes a single binding configuration: each amino acid of the epitope binds to a specific pocket of the MHC molecule, in a way independent from other bindings. Results: We have put forward the assumption, suggested by the allosteric Monod framework, that a number of alternative states exist, each one characterised by an interaction energy expressed by a scoring matrix. We have developed and suitably evaluated an algorithm for epitope prediction based on such assumption, and we finally discuss the results and the possible reasons why such results unexpectedly appear to be unsatisfactory.

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Křehlík, Štěpán. "n-Ary Cartesian Composition of Multiautomata with Internal Link for Autonomous Control of Lane Shifting." Mathematics 8, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8050835.

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In this paper, which is based on a real-life motivation, we present an algebraic theory of automata and multi-automata. We combine these (multi-)automata using the products introduced by W. Dörfler, where we work with the cartesian composition and we define the internal links among multiautomata by means of the internal links’ matrix. We used the obtained product of n-ary multi-automata as a system that models and controls certain traffic situations (lane shifting) for autonomous vehicles.

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Bitsika, Vicki, and Christopher F. Sharpley. "The interaction of Matrix Reasoning and Social Motivation as predictors of Separation anxiety in boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder." International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 67, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.03.006.

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Sheng, Yu, and Gang Tao. "System Characterization and Adaptive Tracking Control of Quadrotors under Multiple Operating Conditions." Guidance, Navigation and Control 01, no. 02 (June 2021): 2150006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2737480721500060.

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This paper presents an adaptive controller design framework with input compensation for quadrotor systems, which deals with different system operating conditions with a uniform update law for the controller parameters. The motivation of the work is to handle the situation that existing adaptive control schemes are either restricted to the system equilibrium as the hover condition or unable to deal with the diverse system uncertainties which cause system interactor matrix and high-frequency gain matrix to change. An adaptive control scheme equipped with an input compensator is constructed to make the system to have a uniform interactor matrix and a consistent pattern of the gain matrix signs over different operating conditions, which are key prior design conditions for model reference adaptive control applied to quadrotor systems. To deal with the uncertain system high-frequency gain matrix, a gain matrix decomposition technique is employed to parametrize an error system model in terms of the gain parameters and tracking errors, for the design of an adaptive parameter update law with reduced system knowledge. It is ensured that all closed-loop system signals are bounded, and the system output tracks a reference output asymptotically despite the system parameter uncertainties and the uncertain offsets at non-equilibrium operating conditions. The proposed scheme expands the capacity of adaptive control for quadrotors to operate at multiple operating conditions in the presence of system uncertainties. Simulation results of a quadrotor with the proposed adaptive control scheme are presented to show the desired system performance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Motivation matrix'

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