Academic literature on the topic 'Motolice jaterní'

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Tereza Kněžíková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ivan Vokřál, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Liver fluke - treatment and resistence Fasciola hepatica is a parasite of global importance that we find both in farm animals and in humans. This thesis aims to summarize information on the potential of drugs and treatment alternatives that are suitable for treatment of F. hepatica. Given that for a number of drugs used in the past, as well as the drugs currently administered, resistance developed, this thesis is also focused on this phenomenon, especially the mechanisms of its origin. The drugs used to treat fasciolosis are called antitrematodal drugs. They can be divided into five chemical groups, of which the most important group are currently benzimidazoles and their representative triclabendazole. Also other drugs as albendazole, clorsulon, hexachlorophene, closantel, diamphenitide, bithionol, rafoxanide are important. The rate of resistance development is affected by many factors that may be genetic, biological or functional. F. hepatica actively uses its enzymatic system, especially oxidation enzymes or efflux transporters. The influence on the development of resistance, apart from the parasite itself,...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Kristýna Válková Supervisor: prof. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Lukáš Prchal Title of diploma thesis: Metabolism of selected anthelmintics in liver fluke All organisms are able to metabolize xenobiotics, including drugs. This ability to detoxify is very important and provides them some protection. Animal species differ in the presence of certain biotransformation enzymes as well as in the enzyme activity. Therefore, the comparison of results in different animal species is not simple. If we want to achieve successful treatment, it is necessary to know interspecies differences, especially when dealing with the drug resistance. This thesis deals with a liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). This parasite causes significant loss in breeding and production of sheep and cattle. Treatment of fasciolosis is problematic because the resistance to the most commonly used drug - triclabendazole has occurred. It is therefore necessary to find out more about the fluke's ability to biotransform the anthelmintics. The aim of the thesis was to measure the activity of certain biotransformation enzymes of F. hepatica and determine metabolism of selected anthelmintics. The activities of oxidation ,...

The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is one of the most important parasites of livestock, and it also infects humans. The proteolytic system of trematodes is critical for their interaction with the host and is a potential target for the development of novel vaccines. This work is focused on proteases secreted by F. hepatica adults and on FheCy2, a new protease inhibitor from the cystatin family. The proteolytic activity of the secreted proteases was analyzed using: (a) chromogenic protein substrates and fluorogenic peptide substrates, (b) selective protease inhibitors, and (c) a fluorescent activity-based probe for visualization of proteases. The results showed that the secreted proteases are cysteine proteases of papain family belonging to cathepsins L and B. These proteases were effectivelly inhibited by FheCy2 as demonstrated by enzymological analysis. It can be assumed that FheCy2 participates in the physiological regulation of endogenous proteases secreted by F. hepatica adults, which makes it attractive candidate protein for vaccination studies. Key words: Fasciola hepatica, cathepsins, proteolytic activity, substrate specificity, protease inhibitors (In Czech)

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Zdeňka Čermáková Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jiří Lamka, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The progression and results of the model parasite culturing liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in sheep (Ovis aries) Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease caused by liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). This parasitosis is a significant disease in livestock, wild animals and in some parts of the world in humans. It causes a decrease in livestock performance and fertility, weight loss and high economic losses in livestock. The aim of this work was to describe in detail the course of artificial infection of sheep infected with F. hepatica metacercaria. Specifically, changes in blood count, egg excretion, and response of the immune system of infected individuals were monitored. The observed values were compared with the studies already performed. The demonstration of fasciolosis in artificially infected sheep was performed using the coprological sedimentation method, the differential determination of leukocytes from the blood layers, the determination of hematocrit and the immunological method ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays). Three lambs of Texel breeds infected with 200 metacercaria were used for the...

Fasioloides magna is a trematode parasitizing in the liver parenchyma of ruminants. Its life cycle is associated with the humid environment and includes intermediate freshwater snail hosts from family Lymnaeidae. According to the ability of host to form a certain type of a pseudocyst during fascioloidosis, they can be,divided in three groups, specific definitive hosts (red deers, fallow deers, roe deers), nonspecific definitive hosts (cattle, wild boars and elks) and atypical hosts (sheeps and goats). Beside the natural infections also the experimental infections of other potential host species has been realized (chamois, llama and bighorn sheep and traditional laboratory animals such as mice, guinea pigs, rats and rabbits). In the context of different diseases, many changes in infected organism can occur. These can be qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Similarly, during fascioloidosis the changes associated with the presence of the parasite in the host's body is possible to monitor, e.g. antibody production, increase in the number of eosinophils, release of eggs in faeces, internal bleeding, or the level liver damage. The liver damage is corresponding primarily to biochemical parameters of blood, not only the liver enzymes, but also other blood components, like blood proteins, lipids,...