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1
Gingras, Ginette. "The development of a motor creativity test using fluency and flexibility measures /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66004.
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Staples, Kerri. "Development of a gross motor task to assess motor planning of children with autism spectrum disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98584.
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Motor planning was assessed by performance of 10 male children (age range 9-12 years) with ASD on a simple obstacle course of horizontal barriers. The primary measures of motor planning were acts of hesitation and hesitation time. These measures, along with executive functioning scores from the BRIEF, and measures of movement execution were correlated to assess the validity of this obstacle course. Results of these correlations supported the validity of the motor planning inferences from the performance of the obstacle course since motor planning correlated in the expected directions with the BRIEF scores and movement execution measures. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was sufficiently high to support the reliability of this obstacle course, with the item analysis providing direction for the most reliable barrier heights. Therefore, the use of this obstacle course task provides both valid inferences and reliable measures of motor planning, although further development is warranted.
3
Rebel, Johanna. "Developmental patterns of procedural and declarative knowledge in catching skills." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63821.
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Sykes, Jeffrey T. (Jeffrey Thomas). "Assessing movement skills in children with autism : a generalizability analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56903.
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The movement skill abilities of fourteen children with autism were assessed on three movement tasks: the overhand throw, kick and horizontal jump. Skill level was assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between these two measures on all skill items.<br>A Generalizability Analysis was conducted to determine the minimal conditions required to observe reliably the movement skills of children with autism. The conditions generalized in this study were observers and trials.<br>The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between quantitative and qualitative measures on the horizontal jump and the kick. A correlation of.37 was obtained for the overhand throw, but was not considered significant. Results of the generalizability analysis indicated that reliable results were obtained with one observer and one trial for all three skill items.
5
Licari, Melissa Kym. "Associated movements as an indicator of motor functioning in children." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0198.
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[Tuncated abstract] Previous research has shown that associated movements (AMs) decrease with age in typically developing children. However, considerable variability has been found to exist between children of the same chronological age (Wolff et al., 1983; Largo et al., 2001) and the reasons for this variability are unclear. As AMs are considered to be a construct of motor behaviour it is possible that varying levels of motor ability may contribute to this variability. Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between motor ability and AM expression, and those have resulted in equivocal findings. Therefore, the aim of the first study in this research project was to investigate the relationship between motor ability and AMs using a large sample of normative children (N=165). Group 1 consisted of 19 boys and 33 girls in school year 1 with a mean age of 6 years and 4 months (SD = 4 months); Group 2 consisted of 28 boys and 29 girls in school year 3 with a mean age of 8 years and 3 months (SD = 3 months); and Group 3 consisted of 27 boys and 29 girls in school year 5 with a mean age of 9 years 11 months (SD = 5 months). Motor ability was established using the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) (McCarron, 1982). Associated movements were measured using tasks adapted from the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment (Largo et al., 2002), the Fog Test (Fog & Fog, 1963), and Licari et al. (2006). '...' The second study in this research project continued to explore the relationship between motor ability and AMs by investigating whether increased severity of AMs previously reported in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Denckla & Rudel, 1978; Lazarus, 1994; Mostofsky et al., 2003) is reflective of symptoms associated with the disorder or movement difficulties co-occurring in some children with the disorder. Four groups of children participated in the study. Group 1 consisted of 13 children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) with a mean age of 7 years 3 months (SD = 9 months); Group 2 consisted of 13 children with ADHD with a mean age of 7 years 4 months (SD = 11 months); Group 3 consisted of 10 children with co-occurring DCD and ADHD with a mean age of 7 years 4 months (SD = 10 months); and, Group 4 was a normative sample 15 control children. The children undertook the same AM assessment protocol outlined for Study 1. The AM data was entered into the RUMM 2020 and person location estimates (Rasch AM scores) were created for each child based on the person location map from Study 1. A comparison of AM scores between the groups revealed that the DCD and DCD/ADHD groups showed significantly more (p <0.001) AMs than the children in the ADHD and control groups. No significant differences were found between children in the DCD and DCD/ADHD groups (p = 0.19) or the ADHD and control groups (p = 0.67). The findings of this research show that increased expression of AMs is not influenced by the symptoms of ADHD. In addition, the finding that increased expression of AMs in children with DCD extends the findings from Study 1 showing that AM expression is linked to motor ability. Overall this research has enhanced the understanding of a unique measure of motor behaviour.
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Goodwin, Megan Kate. "The effect of a gross motor intervention programme on perceptual-motor skills and academic readiness in preschool children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96986.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Children in preschool are at an optimal time for the development of gross and fine motor skills. Children who enter into preschool with developmental delays struggle to keep up with their peers. These developmental delays often perpetuate into later school years, with negative effects. Visual-motor integration (VMI) is a hugely important skill that children need to develop before formal schooling commences. It forms the basis for academic skills like reading and writing, as well as many sport skills. Having a VMI and/or gross motor development delay can affect a child’s academic experience greatly. When referring specifically to reading and writing, many underlying gross motor processes occur simultaneously to enable the child to perform tasks successfully. Success in the classroom depends a great deal on developed VMI and gross motor skills.
Research shows investigation into various factors that account for differences and delays in motor skills. Socio-economic status is mentioned as a factor that can negatively affect VMI and gross motor skills development. Gender differences have also been known to be a reason for varying success in VMI or fine motor skills and gross motor skills. It is most important that delays and differences in VMI and gross motor skills success should be the focus of preschool education curriculums.
The purpose of the current study was to improve the VMI skills of children who presented below average VMI skills scores. The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration 6th Edition (DTVMI) was used to measure the participants VMI skills, and the Test of Gross Motor Development 2nd Edition (TGMD-2), was used as a measure of gross motor skills. The supplemental tests of the DTVMI, as well as the subtests of the TGMD-2, were performed. Two preschools were conveniently selected to participate in the study, one from a high socio-economic background and one from a low socio-economic background. Of the total participants initially tested (N=77), only a small number (N=23), scored below average VMI scores and continued to participate in the study. From these participants (N=23) an experimental (n=12) and a control group (n=11) were randomly selected. The experimental group participated in a 14-week intervention programme, two sessions per week each with a duration of 45 minutes, that focused on the underlying gross motor processes that relate to reading, writing and VMI skills. After the 14 weeks the participants were tested again to measure the effects of the intervention programme. All data collected were statistically analysed.The most relevant result found in the current study showed that participants from the low socio-economic school showed significantly lower VMI skills than participants from the higher socio-economic school. No differences in VMI skills were found between the genders. Overall in both VMI and gross motor skills the intervention programme was beneficial to the participants, although these results were not found to be statistically significant.
This study emphasises that the disparities in VMI skills between children from low- and higher socio-economic backgrounds should be addressed before they enter school. This will ensure that these differences become minimised. This study suggests that gross motor activities can be beneficial to VMI skills of preschool children. More research is needed to fully determine the potential of gross motor intervention programmes in improving academic skills such as VMI.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voorskoolse kinders bevind hulle in ʼn optimale periode van groot- en fynmotoriese ontwikkeling. Kinders van hierdie ouderdom met ontwikkelingsagterstande sukkel om op skool by hulle eweknieë by te bly. Hierdie ontwikkelingsagterstande duur gewoonlik voort tot in latere skooljare met negatiewe implikasies. Visueel-motoriese integrasie (VMI) is ʼn baie belangrike vaardigheid wat kinders voor hulle formele skooljare in aanvang neem, moet ontwikkel. Dit vorm die basis vir akademiese vaardighede soos lees en skryf, asook vir baie sportvaardighede. ʼn Kind se akademiese ervaring kan baie nadelig deur ʼn VMI en/of groot motoriese ontwikkelingsagterstand beïnvloed word. Met spesifieke verwysing na lees en skryf, moet baie onderliggende groot motoriese prosesse gelyktydig plaasvind om die kind in staat te stel om take suksesvol uit te voer. Sukses in die klaskamer is grootliks van ʼn ontwikkelde VMI en groot motoriese vaardighede afhanklik.
Navorsing toon ondersoeke na verskeie faktore wat vir verskille en agterstande in motoriese vaardighede verantwoordelik is. Sosio-ekonomiese status word beskou as een van die faktore wat VMI en groot motoriese ontwikkeling negatief kan affekteer. Dit is ook bekend dat geslagsverskille ʼn rede vir variërende sukses in VMI- of fyn motoriese- en groot motoriese vaardighede is. Dit is van uiterste belang dat agterstande en verskille in VMI- en sukses met groot motoriese vaardighede die fokus van voorskoolse opvoedkundige kurrikulums moet wees.
Die doel van die huidige studie was om die VMI vaardighede van kinders met ondergemiddelde VMI vaardigheid tellings te verbeter. Die Beery-Buktenica Development Test of Visual-Motor Integration 6th Edition (DTVMI) is gebruik om die deelnemers se VMI vaardighede te bepaal en die Test of Gross Motor Development 2nd Edition (TGMD-2) is gebruik om hulle groot motoriese vaardighede te bepaal. Die aanvullende toets van die DTVMI, asook die sub-toets van die TGMD-2, is uitgevoer. Twee voorskoolse skole, een uit ʼn hoë sosio-ekonomiese- en een uit ʼn lae sosio-ekonomiese omgewing is met ʼn gerieflikheidsteekproef geselekteer om aan die studie deel te neem. Van die totale aantal deelnemers (N-77) wat aanvanklik getoets is, het slegs ʼn klein aantal (N=23) ondergemiddelde VMI tellings behaal om met die studie voort te gaan. Vanuit hierdie deelnemers (N=23) is ʼn eksperimentele- (n=12) en ʼn kontrole groep ewekansig geselekteer. Die eksperimentele groep het aan ʼn 14-week intervensieprogram, twee keer per week, wat elk 45 minute geduur het, deelgeneem. Die intervensieprogram het op die onderliggende groot motoriese prosesse wat net lees, skryf en VMI vaardighede verband hou, gefokus. Na afloop van die 14 weke is die deelnemers weer getoets om die effek van die intervensieprogram te bepaal. Al die ingesamelde data is statisties verwerk.
Die mees relevante resultaat wat in die huidige studie gevind is, dui daarop dat die deelnemers van die lae sosio-ekonomiese skool beduidende laer VMI vaardighede as die deelnemers van die hoër sosio-ekonomiese skool getoon het. Geen verskille in VMI vaardighede is tussen die geslagte gevind nie. Alhoewel die resultate nie statistiese betekenisvol was nie blyk dit dat in geheel beskou die intervensieprogram, in beide VMI- en groot motoriese vaardighede, voordele vir die deelnemers ingehou het.
Die huidige studie beklemtoon dat die verskille in VMI vaardighede tussen kinders vanuit lae- en hoë sosio-ekonomiese agtergronde aangespreek moet word voordat hulle in skole toegelaat word. Dit sal verseker dat hierdie verskille tot die minimum beperk word. Hierdie studie suggereer dat groot motoriese aktiwiteite voordele vir die VMI vaardighede van voorskoolse kinders kan inhou. Verdere navorsing is nodig om die potensiaal van groot motoriese intervensieprogramme op die verbetering van akademiese vaardighede soos VMI ten volle te verstaan.
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Wong, Ka Yee Allison. "Construct validity of the test of gross motor development - 2." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/694.
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8
Joubert, Christine. "The effect of a water-based programme on the motor proficiency of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/397.
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This study determined the effect of a water-based programme on the motor proficiency of children with Development Coordination Disorder (DCD). The water-based programme promoted an alternative environment for DCD children, involving all dimensions of movement. Thirty-one (31) children from Port Elizabeth participated, with an experimental group (n=15) following the eight-week water-based programme, while a control group (n=16) carried on with daily activities. Motor proficiency was measured during three tests, utilizing the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). Results indicated positive effects of the intervention on all the variables of the BOTMP (p < 0.05). Confirming this, three variables obtained practical significance with Cohen’s d > 0.8, and one with 0.2 < d < 0.8. At the end of the three-month duration of the study, the experimental group indicated better performances at the end of the study than at the start, thereby confirming the positive and lasting effect of the water-based intervention programme. Therefore, the use of a water-based programme in improving motor proficiency is supported. However, implementation of the programme over a longer period is recommended.
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Jorgensen, Phyllis S. "A test of the validity of the Gross Motor Domain of the Carolina curriculum for preschoolers with special needs." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2279.
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In view of the current use of the Carolina Curriculum for Preschoolers with Special Needs (Carolina) as an alternative to the widely used Brigance Diagnostic Inventory of Early Development (Brigance) for assessing the motor development of preschool aged children, a study was undertaken to establish the validity of the Carolina using the Brigance as a criterion test. A sample of 2 7 preschool special education children ranging in age from 36 to 71 months from three categories-learning handicapped (LH), severely handicapped (SH) and severely handicapped Down's Syndrome children (SHD)-were assessed by an adapted physical education specialist. Each subject was evaluated on two separate days within one week using the Carolina and the Brigance. The subjects were also evaluated concurrently by their classroom teachers using a Teacher Observation check sheet prepared by the adapted physical education specialist. Correlation coefficients using the developmental age scores obtained on the three test instruments and the correlations comparing the three categories to each test instrument ranged from .90 to .98 (r. (25) = .486, p < .01 ). These findings offered strong support for the concurrent validity of the Carolina. Additional analysis of the data using a 3 x 3 ANOVA for repeated measures resulted in a significant F ratio for the dependent variable of functional level, E (2,24) = 4.82, p = 0.174. The Sheffe post hoc analysis procedure indicated a statistically significant difference between the LH and the SHD categories. vi
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Statham, S. B. "A study to determine the motor proficiency of children between the ages of six and ten years diagnosed with ADHD in the Cape Metropole." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49862.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2004<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background:
Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been reported to have
motor proficiency problems. Few studies have established the extent of these motor
problems and few studies investigate both gross and fine motor proficiency. The studies
which do investigate motor proficiency, often also include other aspects, for example
physical fitness, grip strength or kinaesthesia. It is important to be able to identify motor
proficiency deficit in this population group early for appropriate intervention to be as
effective as possible. The first step in this process is to identify the areas of motor
proficiency deficits experienced by these children.
Study Design:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was done.
Objective:
The main aim of this study was to establish if children with ADHD demonstrate motor
proficiency problems. A second aim was to identify in which areas of motor proficiency
they have the most problems.
Method:
A sample of 28 boys and 9 girls (n = 37) children with ADHD, between the ages of six and
ten, were identified by the medical practitioners at four school clinics in the Cape
Metropole. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to test the
children. The demographic and other factors that could have affected the motor proficiency
in these children were recorded.
Results:
The range, mean and standard deviation were calculated for all the subtests and the three
composite scores. Eighty-one percent of children scored below the expected norm on the
Battery Composite Score (20th percentile) with the difference in age equivalent scores
being significantly different (p < 0.01), the Gross Motor Composite Score (20th percentile
and p < 0.01) and on the Running Speed and Agility Subtest (p < 0.01), the Balance
Subtest (p < 0.01), Strength Subtest (p < 0.01) and the Upper Limb Coordination Subtest
(p < 0.01). No significant motor proficiency problems were identified in the Fine Motor
Composite Score (35th percentile), the Bilateral Coordination Subtest, the Response
Speed Subtest, the Visual motor Subtest or the Visual Motor Control Subtest.
Conclusions:
These results support the literature in so far as motor proficiency deficits are present in
children with ADHD, which in turn supports the need for early identification of these
problems.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agergrond:
Kinders met Aandag Afleibaarheid Hiperaktiwiteit Sindroom (ADHD) demonstreer
probleme met motoriese vaardighede. 'n Paar studies is gedoen om dié bepaalde
motoriese vaardighede te bepaal en sommige studies kombineer die ondersoek met ander
aspekte van motoriese vaardigheid soos, fiksheid, greep sterkte of kinestesie. Dit is
belangrik om die tekortkominge vroeg te identifiseer om effektiewe intervensie so vroeg
moontlik te inisieer. Die eerste stap is om die spesifieke vaardighede waarmee hierdie
groep kinders probleme ondervind, te identifiseer.
Studie:
'n Dwarssnit beskrywende studie is uitgevoer.
Doel:
Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of kinders met ADHD motoriese probleme het
en of daar spesifieke aspekte van motoriese vaardigheid is waar hulle tekortkominge toon.
Metodiek:
'n Steekproef van 28 seuns en 9 dogters (n = 37) tussen die ouderdomme van ses tot tien
jaar, met ADHD is deur die mediese praktisyns geïdentifiseer, en getoets. Die Bruininks-
Oseretsky Toets vir Motoriese Vaardigheid is gebruik. Enige faktore wat motoriese
vaardigheid kon beïnvloed is gedokumenteer.
Resultate:
Die reikwydte, gemiddelde en standaard afwyking is bereken vir al die sub-toetse en die
drie saamgestelde tellings. Een en tagtig persent van die kinders het tellings onder die
verwagte norm behaal vir die Saamgestelde Telling van die Battery van toetse (20ste
persentiel) met die verskil in ouderdomtelling beduidend verskillend (p<O.01).Die Growwe
Motoriese Saamgesteldetelling was (20ste persentiel en p<O.01), die Hardloopspoed- en
Ratsheidsubtoets (p<O.01), die Balanssubtoets (p<O.01), Kragsubtoets (p<O.01) en die
Boonste Ledemaat Koordinasie-subtoets (p<O.01). Geen beduidende tekorte is deur
middel van die Saamgestelde Fyn Motoriese Vaardigheidstoetse (3Sste persentiel), die
Bilaterale Koordinasiesubtoets, die Reaksiespoed-subtoets, die Visuele Motoriese
subtoets of die Visuele Motoriese Beheer-subtoets gevind nie.
Gevolgtrekkings:
Die resultate ondersteun die bevindinge uit die literatuur rakende die probleme wat kinders
met ADHD met motoriese vaadigheid ervaar en ondersteun die behoefte vir vroeë
identifisering om effektiewe intervensie so vroeg moontlik te begin.
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Vorster, Marie-Helene. "Die gebruik van die Beery-ontwikkelingstoets en die Natekentoets as meetinstrumente van visueel-motoriese integrasie by 'n groep voorskoolse kinders." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/58334.
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Tesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1994.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Visual-motor integration plays an important role in the development of a child. Developmental
deficits in this area can, for example, be detrimental to a child's school-readiness or scholastic
achievements. Visual-motor integration problems should be diagnosed as early as possible so that
remediation can take place. The American Beery Developmental Test for Visual-Motor Integration
(VMI) is widely used as a screening technique for visual-motor abilities by psychologists,
occupational therapists, educators and remedial teachers in South Africa.
In order to determine whether this American standardised test offers valid results for a group of
South African subjects, the results of children in the VMI:1982 and VMI:1989 were compared to their
results in the South African Copying Test. A sample of 40 pre-school children from a pre-primary
school in Stellenbosch were selected. Only children with normal visual acuity, who had not
undergone an occupational therapy evaluation, or school readiness test, during the previous three
months, were included in the sample.
A significant relationship was found between the results of the VMI:1982 and VMI:1989. The results
of both the VMI:1982 and VMI:1989 correlated significantly with the results of the Copying Test.
Performance in the tests correlated with chronological age as well as teacher evaluation of ability
development. lt was concluded that the VMI may be regarded as a valid test of visual-motor
integration in the group of subjects studied. lt is recommended that future studies including children
from all cultural groups in South Africa should also be undertaken.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Visueel-motoriese integrasie speel 'n belangrike rol in die ontwikkeling van die kind.
Ontwikkelingsagterstande in hierdie area kan byvoorbeeld 'n kind se skoolgereedheid of skolastiese
prestasie nadelig be"invloed. Probleme ten opsigte van visueel-motoriese integrasie behoort so vroeg
as moontlik opgespoor te word sodat remediering kan geskied. Die Amerikaanse BeeryOntwikkelingstoets
vir Visueei-Motoriese lntegrasie {VMI) word in Suid-Afrika wyd deur sielkundiges,
arbeidsterapeute, opvoedkundiges en remedierende onderwysers benut vir die evaluering van
visueel-motoriese vaardighede.
Om te bepaal of hierdie Amerikaans gestandaardiseerde toets geldige resultate vir 'n groep SuidAfrikaanse
toetslinge !ewer, is die prestasies van kinders in die VMI:1982, sowel as die VMI:1989
met hul prestasies in die Suid-Afrikaanse Natekentoets vergelyk. 'n Steekproef van 40 voorskoolse
kinders uit 'n pre-primere skool op Stellenbosch is gekies. Slegs kinders met normale gesigskerpte,
en diegene wat nie gedurende die vorige drie maande 'n arbeidsterapie- of
skoolgereedheidsevaluering ondergaan het nie, is by die ondersoek ingesluit.
Beduidende korrelasies is tussen die VMI:1982-resultate en VM1:1989-resultate bevind. Die resultate
van beide die VMI:1982 en VMI:1989 het beduidend met die van die Natekentoets gekorreleer.
Prestasie in die toetse het met kronologiese ouderdom, sowel as onderwyser-beoordelings van
vaardigheidsontwikkeling, gekorreleer. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die VMI wel geldige
resultate in die geval van hierdie spesifieke ondersoekgroep gelewer het. Verdere navorsing, wat
oak kinders uit alle kultuurgroepe in Suid-Afrika insluit, word aanbeveel.
12
Scott, Katherine Christina. "Teachers' experiences of implementing a motor skills programme." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1196.
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Miller, Linda. "Mobility as an Element of Learning Styles: The Effect its Inclusion or Exculsion has on Student Performance in the Standardized Testing Environment." UNF Digital Commons, 1985. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/693.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mobility and the standardized testing environment. The project focused on nine students who had a pronounced need for movement while learning and/or being tested. The study was conducted to determine whether the achievement scores of these nine students would be influenced by the denial or availability of movement while they were administered a standardized reading test. Twenty-one second grade students were the subjects. Two forms of Level B of the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test were used. All subjects were tested in a traditional environment with no movement allowed. The same subjects were then tested at a later time in a mobile environment with movement and change of location permitted. The Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Rank Test was used as the statistical base. Results showed a .05 significance. Of the nine mobile students, six scored equally as well or better when placed in a mobile testing environment.
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Al-Hadabi, Badriya Khalfan Issa. "Assessment of physical activity and motor ability in children." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572776.
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Health benefits are found to be associated with regular physical activity (PA), however, only a small percentage of young people are meeting the government physical activity recommendation guidelines. Therefore, there is a necessity to further understand the factors that may influence greater participation in physical activity. One essential influencing factor may be the level of mastery of motor abilities (MA) which children and adolescents need in order to participate in different physical activities. Therefore, this thesis was built on the hypothesis that children with better developed motor abilities may find it easier to be active and engage in more physical activity than those with less-developed motor abilities. This thesis provides three studies focusing on firstly, validating accelerometer counts against oxygen uptake (energy expenditure or EE) in 9 to 11 year old children performing a number of highly variable physical activities, similar to those undertaken in free-living conditions. Cut-off points for resting physical activity level, light physical activity level, moderate physical activity level and vigorous physical activity level were determined, which have been used to analyse PA data in studies 2 and 3. The second study was a cross-sectional design and third study was a longitudinal design. Both studies investigated the level of motor ability that 8 to 12 year old children possessed; secondly, they explored how anthropometric factors affected selected components of MA and thirdly, they determined whether MA components themselves and/or anthropometric measurements are useful predictors of physical activity levels. Results showed a strong correlation between the accelerometer counts and energy expenditure (as measured by oxygen consumption) of r = 0.86, and two different regression equations to predict EE from accelerometer counts were developed. Cut-off points of <61, 62 - 3435,3436 - 6100, and 2: 6101 were determined for resting, light, moderate and vigorous physical activity levels. The cross-sectional study showed that motor ability components were improved with increasing school year. Gender was the main predictor of most motor ability components; while body fat percentage (BF%) and age were secondary factors. The cross-sectional design does not allow the drawing of a causal relationship between the development of motor ability and physical activity levels. Thus, the longitudinal study illustrated that tracking motor ability and anthropometric data over time removed gender as a dominating factor in predicting the motor ability component as found in the cross-sectional study (Chapter 4). Changes in Standing Vertical Jump, Sit-up and Flamingo Balance Test were found to be factors that could affect change in physical activity levels. However, the small number of participants who met the criteria of physical activity intensity levels in this study mean that interpretations of results should be taken with caution. Further longitudinal research using a large group of children, motor ability component tests and more than one objective method to monitor physical activity levels are needed to clearly explore the relationship between these two parameters,
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Lavelle, Barbara M., and barbara lavelle@deakin edu au. "complexity, age and motor competence effects on fine motor kinematics." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.122512.
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Prehension is a fundamental skill usually performed as part of a complex action sequence in everyday tasks. Using an information processing framework, these studies examined the effects of task complexity, defined by the number of component movement elements (MEs), on performance of prehension tasks. Of interest was how motor control and organisation might be influenced by age and/or motor competence. Three studies and two longitudinal case studies examined kinematic characteristics of prehension tasks involving one-, two- and three-MEs: reach and grasp (low-complexity); reach, grasp and object placement (moderate-complexity); and reach, grasp and double placement of object (high-complexity).
A pilot study established the suitability of tasks and procedures for children aged 5-, 8- and 11-years and showed that responses to task complexity and object size manipulations were sensitive to developmental changes, with increasing age associated with faster movements. Study 2 explored complexity and age effects further for children aged 6- and 11-years and adults. Increasing age was associated with shorter and less variable movement times (MTs) and proportional deceleration phases (%DTs) across all MEs. Task complexity had no effect on simple reaction time (SRT), suggesting that there may be little preprogramming of movements beyond the first ME. In addition, MT was longer and more on-line corrections were evident for the high- compared to the moderate-complexity task for ME1. Task complexity had a greater influence on movements in ME2 and ME3 than ME1. Adults, but not children, showed task specific adaptations in ME2.
Study 3 examined performance of children with different levels of motor competence aged between 5- and 10-years. Increasing age was associated with shorter SRTs, and MTs for ME1 only. A decrease in motor competence was associated with greater difficulty in planning and controlling movements as indicated by longer SRTs, higher %DTs and more on-line corrections, especially in ME2. Task complexity affected movements in all MEs, with a greater influence on ME1 compared to Study 2. Findings also indicated that performance in MEs following prehension may be especially sensitive to motor competence effects on movement characteristics. Case studies for two children at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) revealed two different patterns of performance change over a 16-17 month period, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of DCD. Overall, findings highlighted age-related differences, and the role of motor competence, in the ability to adapt movements to task specific requirements. Results are useful in guiding movement education programmes for children with both age-appropriate and lower levels of motor competence.
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Coldebella, Cristiane. "Aplicação da baropodometria no desenvolvimento de um protocolo de avaliação motora em crianças nascidas pré-termo após a aquisição da marcha." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2644.
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O nascimento prematuro contribui significativamente para o aumento de morbidades associadas ao desenvolvimento motor, tornando fundamental o acompanhamento contínuo destas crianças. Desta forma, a avaliação baropodométrica, por consistir em um método quantitativo de controle postural pode trazer vantagens para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor de crianças. Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver um protocolo de avaliação motora através dos dados e índices baropodométricos em crianças nascidas pré-termo. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, onde foram avaliadas 103 crianças entre 24 e 59 meses. Destas, 40 nascidas pré-termo e 63 crianças nascidas a termo. Durante a seleção da amostra, foi preenchida uma ficha de avaliação correspondente ao pré-termo grupo e um questionário com relatos dos pais no grupo a termo. Após, foram aferidos massa corporal e estatura, seguida da aplicação da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor. Por fim, a baropodometria foi realizada na forma estática, em três repetições, os quais consistiram de 5 segundos de adaptação da criança dobre a placa e 30 segundos onde foram aferidos dados de análise estática: pressão plantar e área do centro de oscilação corporal. Após, as pressões plantares foram transformadas em índices, o índice ânteroposterior foi definido pelas pressões plantares anterior e posterior: IAP= 1-2*│0,6-P│; e o índice látero-lateral, por sua vez, foi definido pelas pressões plantares laterais direita e esquerda: ILL= 1-│LD-LE│. Após a avaliação os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade das distribuições de Shapiro-Wilk, após verificada a distribuição não-normal, foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Whitney para verificar diferença entre os grupos, a associação entre os valores obtidos pelo baropodômetro, Escala do Desenvolvimento Motor, e as principais características e intercorrências do grupo pré-termo foi verificada através da correlação de Spearman. Foi observada diferença significativa nos valores de ILL (p=0,000) entre crianças nascidas a termo e crianças nascidas pré-termo, e que esta diferença possui correlação moderada com a idade gestacional (ρ=0,304), em relação ao centro de oscilação de pressão, crianças nascidas a termo apresentaram menor oscilação quando comparado a idade cronológica (ρ=-0,354), sendo que esta relação foi contrária em crianças nascidas pré-termo (ρ=0,336). Quando analisado somente o grupo pré-termo, foi verificado que o ILL apresentou correlação moderada e inversa com o tempo de internação (ρ=-0,353) e com o tempo de ventilação mecânica (ρ=-0,317) e a aérea do centro de oscilação de pressão apresentou correlação moderada e direta com o tempo de ventilação não invasiva (ρ=0,341). A massa ao nascer apresentou correlação moderada com o ILL (ρ=0,359) e também com a idade motora (ρ=0,323) e o quociente motor (ρ=0,341) e correlação forte com a IG (ρ=0,898) em contrapartida o peso atual apresentou correlação moderada com o quociente motor (ρ=0,310), e a IG (ρ=0,381) e correlação forte com a idade motora (ρ=0,555) e a idade cronológica (ρ=0,613). Houve diferença significativa em relação a idade de aquisição da marcha das crianças que precisaram de acompanhamento fisioterapêutico das que não precisaram (p=0,013). Um índice ILL menor em prematuros, pode estar relacionado ao tempo de internação e ventilação mecânica, além da massa ao nascer, já a maior aérea do centro de oscilação de pressão possui correlação com o tempo de ventilação não invasiva. Também pode-se perceber que a massa atual e a idade cronológica influenciaram mais no desenvolvimento motor que a massa ao nascer e a idade gestacional em crianças prematuras.<br>Preterm birth contributes significantly to the increase of morbidities associated with motor development, making essential the continuous monitoring of these children. Thus, baropodometry analysis by consisting of a quantitative method for postural control can be advantageous for the diagnosis and monitoring of engine development of children. This study aimed to develop a motor evaluation protocol through the data and baropodometric indexes in preterm infants. It was a descriptive study, which were evaluated 103 children between 24 and 59 months. Of these, 40 preterm and 63 term infants. During the sample selection was completed an evaluation form with data from medical records corresponding to the pre-term group and a questionnaire to parents on group term. After, body mass and height were measured, then the implementation of the Motor Development Scale. Finally, baropodometry was held in static form, with three replicates, which consisted of 5 seconds of child adjustment bend the plate and 30 seconds which were measured static analysis data: plantar pressure and pressure swing center area. After, the plantar pressures were transformed into indexes, the anteroposterior index was defined by the anterior and posterior plantar pressures: API = 1-2 * │0,6-P│; and side side index, in turn, defined by the right and left side planter pressure: SSI = 1- │RS-LS│. After evaluating, the data were submitted to normality test of Shapiro-Wilk distributions, being checked the non-normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney test was used to verify differences between groups, the association between the values obtained by baropodometry analysis, Motor Development Scale, and the main characteristics and complications of preterm group was verified by Spearman correlation. Significant difference in the values of SSI (p = 0.000) among term infants and infants born preterm were observed, and this difference has moderate correlation with gestational age (ρ = 0.304) compared to the pressure oscillation center , full-term babies showed less fluctuation compared to chronological age (ρ = -0.354), and this relationship was contrary in preterm children (ρ = 0.336).When only analyzed the preterm group, it was found that the SSI had moderate and inverse correlation with the length of stay (ρ = -0.353) and the duration of mechanical ventilation (ρ = -0.317) and the air oscillation center pressure showed moderate and direct correlation with noninvasive ventilation time (ρ = 0.341).The mass at birth showed moderate correlation with SSI (ρ = 0.359) and also with the motor age (ρ = 0.323) and the ratio engine (ρ = 0.341) and strong correlation with gestational age (ρ = 0.898) in contrast current weight showed moderate correlation with the motor quotient (ρ = 0.310) and gestational age(ρ = 0.381) and strong correlation with the motor age (ρ = 0.555) and chronological age (ρ = 0.613). There was significant difference in the age of acquisition of march of the children who needed physical therapy monitoring of those who did not needed (p = 0.013). A smaller SSI index in premature infants, may be related to hospitalization time and mechanical ventilation, in addition to mass at birth, already the largest air pressure oscillation center has correlation with noninvasive ventilation time.It may also be seen that the current mass and chronological age influenced more motor development than the mass at birth and gestational age in preterm children.
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Liang, Guoli. "Teaching children qualitative analysis of fundamental motor skill." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1816.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 87, 13 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-87).
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Abousetta, V. "Mobile application for testing fine motor skills of children." Thesis, Graz, Austria, 2020. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/11681.
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The mobile application has been adapted for children enables develop fine motor skills by registering basic physical parameters during testing. The testing process on smartphone is execution different tasks with low-level and high-level complications - reiteration of the fingers of the trajectory of the object movements. In addition, the development of specialized tests based on the current performance of fine motor skills is an important scientific task.
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Goyen, Traci-Anne School of Women???s & Children???s Health UNSW. "Motor dysfunction in apparently normal high-risk children." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Women???s and Children???s Health, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23296.
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Infants born extremely prematurely (ie. <29 weeks gestation) or with extremely low birth weight (ie. <1000 grams) are at high-risk of major and minor motor sequelae that persist into the school years. Most of the research on the outcome of these high-risk infants has concentrated on the prevalence of major disability. The majority of high-risk children at school age have normal intelligence and no sensorineural disability. Despite this, these ???apparently normal??? high-risk children have a higher incidence of minor morbidities. Motor coordination problems are frequently reported, yet further investigation into the emergence of minor motor dysfunction, or its impact on academic achievement and everyday activities is seldom explored. The aim of this thesis was to provide a comprehensive investigation into motor dysfunction, which is commonly found in ???apparently normal??? high-risk children. This was addressed in a series of five studies that intended to provide insight into the emergence, prevalence, nature, and prediction of motor dysfunction in otherwise ???normal??? high-risk children. Study 1 examined the development of gross and fine motor skills from infancy to school age using a longitudinal cohort study design. ???Apparently normal??? high-risk children (n=58) were assessed with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales at 18 months corrected age, 3 and 5 years. A significant proportion continued to have fine motor deficits to school age (64%), reflecting a persistent problem with fine motor skills throughout this period. The proportion of infants with gross motor deficits significantly increased from 18 months to 5 years (81.1%), particularly for the ???micropreemies???. Whilst there was no gender difference found, the development of gross and fine motor skills appeared to be influenced differently by the home environment. Study 2 examined the impact of motor dysfunction on performance at school age. The prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in ???apparently normal??? high-risk children was determined using a controlled cohort study design. In addition, the nature of DCD in this population was explored by testing sensorimotor abilities that possibly underlie the motor dysfunction. Fifty (50) high-risk children with IQ<85 and no identified sensorineural disability were assessed at 8 years of age along with a matched control from their respective class at school. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children and a battery of sensorimotor tests were administered. Results indicated a significantly higher prevalence of DCD (42%) in the high-risk group in comparison to the control group (8%). In relation to sensorimotor abilities that may influence motor performance, the high-risk group scored significantly lower on most of tests, however it was neurological ???soft signs???, postural praxis, and sequencing praxis that contributed to DCD in the high-risk group. Study 3 was designed to investigate the impact of motor dysfunction on a motor-based task performed within the school setting. Specifically, this study described handwriting skills in ???apparently normal??? high-risk children, determined the prevalence of handwriting dysfunction, and investigated sensorimotor abilities that may be associated with problematic handwriting. The high-risk cohort and matched controls described in study 2 were also administered a number of handwriting tests. High-risk children were found to have poorer handwriting legibility and speed in comparison to their classmates. The prevalence of handwriting dysfunction in the high-risk group was 46%, significantly higher than controls (18%). Hand preference, pencil grasp used, and pain whilst writing were comparable to the control group. The contribution of underlying sensorimotor abilities to handwriting dysfunction in the high-risk population however was not evident. By using the same subjects in studies 2 and 3, the co-morbidity of handwriting dysfunction with DCD could be determined. Of those high-risk children identified with DCD, 43% had co-morbid handwriting dysfunction. Study 4 explored the relationship between perinatal and environmental variables to Developmental Coordination Disorder and handwriting dysfunction in high-risk children. Perinatal and environmental variables of the 50 ???apparently normal??? high-risk children that participated in the previous study were analysed. Results indicated prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were significantly and independently associated with DCD, perhaps reflecting the impact of the antenatal infection process and visual development related to ROP on motor outcome in high-risk children. Perinatal variables were not associated with handwriting dysfunction, but high-risk males were more likely to have handwriting dysfunction. Maternal education and paternal occupation were associated with aspects of handwriting. Whilst handwriting is a motor-based activity, it appears to be influenced by environmental variables, similar to other academic areas for the high-risk population. Study 5 sought to determine whether a motor assessment at an earlier age could predict DCD in the ???apparently normal??? high-risk population at school age. Motor assessment at 12 months, 3 and 5 years for the high-risk subjects who participated in study 2 were analysed using Receiver Operator Curves (ROC curves). The 3 year assessment with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales was the best predictor of DCD at 8 years, with the Griffiths Locomotor Scale at 3 years yielding a similar result. Findings suggest that high-risk children who scored below the specified cut-off points on 3 year motor assessments and who had a history of PROM or ROP were at greater risk of having motor-based problems that had the potential to interfere with functioning at school.
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Ibrahim, Halijah. "Assessing general motor ability and tests for talent identification of Malaysian adoloescents." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0109.
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[Truncated astract] Talent Identification (TI) in sports begins by mass screening individuals' motor abilities. du Randt (2000) wrote that, as test items from one country might not necessarily suit another, appropriate basic motor skill test items are important for developing a TI mass screening instrument. Three hundred and thirty Malaysian adolescents aged from 12-15 years were tested on three motor skill test batteries: the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND, McCarron, 1982); the Australian Talent Identification Test (AIS, Australian Sports Commission, 1998); and a Balance and Movement Coordination Test which was specifically developed for this project. In the current research, the motor performance data recorded from the adolescents underwent several types of analyses. Principal Component analyses were conducted on the MAND, AIS and BMC motor skill instruments to understand what the three motor skill instruments were assessing globally in the Malaysian adolescents. Then, first-order and higher-order factor analyses were conducted on the 13 parameters making up the AIS+BMC motor skill instrument to examine the concept of general motor ability (GMA). After descriptive analyses of the adolescents' motor skill performances, age and gender differences were examined using two (gender) by four (age) ANOVAs. Finally, stepwise discriminant function analyses were conducted on a combined AIS+BMC motor skill instrument to determine the best sub-set of motor skills that reliably classified the Malaysian adolescents into three levels of motor performance.... Two stepwise discriminant analyses were undertaken to find the best set of motor skills for classifying Malaysian adolescents into three motor coordination groups based on scores on the MAND and three motor ability groups derived from scores on the motoric 'g'. The ability of a combined AIS+BMC motor skill instrument to classify Malaysian adolescents into the three groups was good for those classified as Normal, not so great for those adolescents classified as High, and poor for those adolescents classified as Low. The motor skills consistently reported across both sets of analyses were Balance-Eyes-Open, Balance-Eyes-Closed, Dynamic Balance, Hopping Speed, Quadrant Jump, Hopping-in-Square, Basketball Throw and Shuttle-Run-with-Object. Hence, motor skills assessing static balance, dynamic balance and postural control appeared to reliably discriminate the Malaysian adolescents into three motor performance groups. Finally, an examination of the misclassifications found in the discriminant analyses revealed two things. Those individuals being predicted into a lower group performed a large number of the motor skills to a lesser standard when compared with their correctly classified cohorts. Conversely, those predicted into a higher group performed a number of motor skills to a standard higher than their correctly classified cohorts. Thus, at a global level, certain individuals could be overlooked for further athletic development and is a concern when developing a rigorous TI program. Therefore, practitioners need to be cautious of any single ability score, and how that represents an individual's athletic potential. These results are discussed, limitations noted, and directions for future research provided.
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Jia, Fanlu, and 贾凡路. "Gender differences of reading ability in Chinese children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50639420.
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Generally, females are regarded as the group who has better verbal and reading abilities (Maccoby & Jacklin, 1974; Denno, 1982), although there are still some disagreements on particular aspects or language systems (Hyde & Linn, 1988; Hetherington & Parke, 1986). We asked whether gender differences of reading ability exist in Chinese children and if so, how the difference may be demonstrated. In addition, we investigated whether the development of reading ability follows a hierarchical model (Gough &Hillinger, 1980; Ehri, 1980; Ehri & Wilce, 1985), according to which, the gender differences may vary with age and reading experience.
We tested children’s character reading ability and phonological awareness in a Shandong primary school. Fifty-five second graders and forty-three fourth graders performed behavioral tasks containing a Chinese character reading test, a Chinese onset-rime oddity test and an English onset-rime oddity test.
We found that Chinese children exhibited a significant gender difference in Chinese character reading ability. However, we have not found gender differences on onset-rime level phonological awareness. Thus, gender differences of reading ability exist in Chinese children, even if the differences only cover partial phonological or orthographic skills.
The present data have also yielded the predicted result that the development of gender differences change with age and reading experience. Specifically, the gender difference on Chinese character reading ability emerged after Grade 2. In terms of the onset-rime oddity task, the performances of boys and girls showed no striking difference at any grades.
These results reveal that gender differences of reading ability exist in Chinese children, especially in children in higher grades (Grade 4). Different types of verbal skills and learning attitude should be taken into account, and be examined in the future.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Linguistics<br>Master<br>Master of Arts
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Smyth, T. Raymond. "Impaired motor skill and perception in children /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs6672.pdf.
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Woodward, Helen R. "Reliability of traditional neurological sensory and motor tests." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036814.
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Tests of sensory and motor function are widely used by clinicians and researchers in neurology, psychiatry, and neuropsychology. Less than perfect performance on many of these tests may be considered pathognomonic of central nervous system dysfunction. Unfortunately, differences across practitioners in specific test selection, administration procedures, and scoring criteria have resulted in inconsistencies which confound attempts to study the incidence and patterns of deficits (Adams & Victor, 1993; Glick, 1993). Although as a group psychologists favor standardized, quantitative instruments, the field has lacked a comprehensive, standardized sensory and motor battery. That psychologists have not developed such a battery may reflect the notion that pathognomonic signs are ambiguous and unstable (Buchanan & Heinrichs, 1989) and the fact that some traditional test development procedures are often inappropriate.For the Dean-Woodcock Sensory and Motor Battery, Dean and Woodcock (1994) selected measures representative of those included in the traditional neurological examination.Measures of subcortical function, unavailable in the major neuropsychological batteries, were included to allow differentiation with right hemisphere impairment.Using standard procedures for administration and scoring, this study gathered preliminary data regarding the incidence of pathognomonic signs in a normal adult population, identified items with difficulty levels likely to result in overidentification of abnormality, and estimated the interrater agreement and interrater reliability for items and tests most vulnerable to subjective interpretation. Data analysis reflected consideration of Franzen's (1989) argument that reliability can be better understood through use of multiple estimation strategies and Cicchetti's argument that data needs to be considered at "finer levels of molecular analysis" (p.621). In addition to investigating interrater agreement, this study applied generalizability theory which allows for simultaneous estimation of the relative proportion of variance contributed by multiple sources and their interactions.Results suggested adequate to excellent rater agreement and reliability (i.e., generalizability). Also, with minor modification of specific items, generalizability of items may be expected to increase. Future studies should sample from a more heterogenous general population and specific clinical populations.<br>Department of Educational Leadership
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Yoshida, Tomoko. "Phonological awareness and reading ability in Japanese children." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31937287.
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Wong, Ping-kin, and 黃炳乾. "Locomotion in children: mechanisms and methodology : a review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125746X.
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Pennington, Kelly R. "Gender differences in gross and fine motor abilities in preschool aged children in West Virginia." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=60.
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Lam, Mei-yung Hazel. "The effect of physical education on gross motor performance of Hong Kong preschool children." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18036636.
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Leung, Nga-ki Kate, and 梁雅琪. "The quality of lexical representation in Chinese normally-achieving and dyslexic children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4163410X.
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Bradshaw, Theodore Lee Bowren Fay F. "Relationships among selected basic motor skills and academic achievement variables." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1985. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8514767.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1985.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed June 7, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Fay Bowren (chair), Kenneth Strand, Walter Friedhoff, Dent Rhodes, Donald Kachur. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-75) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Burger, Laetitia Mary. "An investigation into the relationship between kinesthetic sensitivity and balancing ability in pre-school children." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003497.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of a linear relationship between kinesthetic sensitivity and balancing ability in pre-school children. Furthermore, the effects of age on kinesthetic sensitivity and balancing ability were investigated. Finally, the role of gender in kinesthetic sensitivity and balancing ability was examined. Fifty-one subjects, between the ages of three and six years, executed five trials on each of two kinesthetic sensitivity tests (an arm abduction test and a hip abduction test); two tests for static balance (on a balance board and on a balance stick) and two tests for dynamic balance (a beam walk test and a stepping stones test). Although the correlations between kinesthetic sensitivity and balancing ability were generally positive, they were very slight. These low correlations are probably an indication that different abilities are required for carrying out the different tasks. Generally, both balancing ability and kinesthetic sensitivity appeared to improve with age. From analysis of individual test results it was obvious that abilities varied from individual to individual (Appendix G). This could have been the result of developmental, motivational or experiential differences. Although the girls generally performed slightly better on most tests than the boys the correlations between test scores for boys were slightly higher than those for girls. At-test indicated that there were no significant differences between the mean scores of the boys and the girls on the balancing or the kinesthetic sensitivity tasks.
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Van, Dyk A. P. "The assessment of motor competence in rugby." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1263.
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Gerstein, Stephanie Hannah. "Examining the Children's Depression Inventory factors' ability to predict outcomes of depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/MQ43876.pdf.
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Barnes, Susan Kubic. "Using computer-based testing with young children /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (1.64 MB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/doctorate/barnessk/barnessk_doctorate_04-07-2010.pdf.
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Arceneaux, Janet Marie. "Developmental and gender differences in neurological sensory and motor functioning." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1001177.
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The purpose of the study was to determine if developmental differences existed between two age groups of children on a standardized measure of sensory and motor functions. Gender differences were also examined, as well as the gender-age interaction.Subjects were 119 normal children (55 males and 64 females). Classification of subjects into one of the two groups was based on age. Group 1 subjects ranged in age from 48 through 95 months (4 through 7 years), and Group 2 subjects ranged from 96 months ranged 167 months (8 through 13 years).The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated a significant main effect for age. The main effect for gender, and the age by gender interaction was not significant. A univariate analysis of variance was computed for age on each measure and indicated that only Visual Confrontation was not significant. Implications of these findings are discussed.<br>Department of Educational Psychology
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Jacobsen, S. Suzanne. "Identifying children at risk : the predictive validity of kindergarten screening measures." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31104.
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The early identification of children who are "at risk" of experiencing learning problems is of interest to educators and policymakers. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the efficacy of screening measures for identifying children "at risk". The rationale for screening programs is that early identification of problems allows for treatment which may eliminate more severe problems from developing. If a student is identified as "at risk", school personnel may intervene with remedial programs. Subsequently, if the student succeeds, the earlier prediction is no longer valid. The identification of "at risk" would appear inaccurate because the intervention was successful in improving skills. Researchers often measure the prediction of "at risk" with a correlation coefficient. To the extent that the intervention is successful, the correlation of the identification of "at risk" with later measures of achievement is lowered. One of the problems with research on early prediction has been failure to control for the effects of the interventions which were implemented as a consequence of screening. An evaluation of "at risk" prediction is important because results of screening procedures are used to make decisions about retentions and the allocation of special services.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between kindergarten screening measures and grade three achievement for two entire cohorts enrolled in 30 schools in one school district. The
analysis employs a two-level hierarchical linear regression model to estimate the average within-school relationship between kindergarten screening measures and grade three achievement in basic skills, and determine whether this relationship varies significantly across schools. The model allows for the estimation of the relationship with control for individual pupil characteristics such as age, gender and physical problems. The study examines the extent to which the relationship between kindergarten screening and grade three achievement is mediated by children receiving learning assistance or attending extended (4-year) primary schooling. The study also examines differences among schools in the kindergarten screen/achievement relationships and the achievement of "at risk" pupils by including school characteristics in the analysis.
The results of this study indicate positive relationships between kindergarten screening measures and achievement outcomes, even after controlling for age, gender and physical conditions. The kindergarten screen/achievement relationship did not vary among schools. The study failed to demonstrate that controlling for interventions would improve the kindergarten screen/achievement relationship; in fact the effects were in the opposite direction.
Levels of adjusted achievement of pupils who obtained scores at the cut-off point for risk status varied significantly among schools. The "at risk" pupils performed better on all four achievement measures in schools with high school mean-ability than similar pupils in schools with low school mean-ability.
These results show that progress in the study of the predictive validity of screening measures can be made through the use of
hierarchical regression techniques. Researchers need to give consideration to the effects of educational interventions and the contextual effects of schools.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate
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Bastos, Renata de Sousa 1983. "Estado nutricional e desempenho motor de escolares = Nutritional state and motor performance of scholl-age children." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275126.
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Orientador: Ademir De Marco<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: A obesidade infantil tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública, podendo acarretar prejuízos ao desenvolvimento integral das crianças. A Organização Mundial da Saúde destaca a importância do acompanhamento do estado nutricional como indicador de saúde. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar o panorama dos estudos sobre estado nutricional de crianças brasileiras e estabelecer correlações entre estado nutricional e o desempenho motor em escolares de classe média. Para tanto, o corpo de discussão foi desenvolvido por meio de dois capítulos-artigos: o primeiro faz um recorte das publicações indexadas nos últimos 10 anos, que abordam o estado nutricional dessa população, considerando o ano de publicação, a localidade, o objetivo de estudo e o interesse pelo excesso de peso na infância; o segundo artigo estabelece correlações entre estado nutricional e desempenho motor de escolares entre 6 e 10 anos, pertencentes à classe socioeconômica equivalente a classe média, com seus responsáveis apresentando alto nível de escolaridade. O levantamento dos artigos foi realizado no Portal de Acesso à Informação Eletrônica do Sistema de Bibliotecas da UNICAMP, utilizando as seguintes combinações de palavras-chave (português e inglês): escolares, estado nutricional e Brasil; crianças, estado nutricional e Brasil. Foram coletados 148 artigos, indicando crescimento dos estudos nos últimos 10 anos, concentrados principalmente nas regiões Sudeste (45%), Sul (21%) e Nordeste (19%), com forte discrepância em relação às regiões Centro-Oeste (8%) e Norte (7%), ratificando as desigualdades entre as macro regiões do país. Um dos temas mais explorados no objetivo principal das pesquisas levantadas foi à relação entre doenças e estado nutricional de crianças. Mais da metade dos estudos tratam da obesidade infantil. Participaram do segundo estudo 222 escolares entre 6 e 10 anos, da cidade de Campinas, sendo avaliado: estado nutricional (IMC/idade e classificação da OMS), desempenho motor (flexibilidade, força muscular de membro inferior - FMMI e velocidade) (MATSUDO, 2005), padrão socioeconômico e escolaridade do responsável (questionário Abipeme). Resultados apontaram alta escolaridade dos responsáveis e perfil socioeconômico compatível com as classes B e C, com prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente, de 20% e 23,1% (para meninos) e de 22,8% e 19,6% (para meninas) e diferença significativa entre crianças eutróficas e obesas na velocidade e na FMMI (só para os meninos). Mesmo em populações de classe média e com alto nível de escolaridade, as taxas de prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade infantil são elevadas e já apresentam interferência sobre o desempenho motor, revelando a influência negativa do excesso de peso sobre o desenvolvimento das crianças. Com o aumento da prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade infantil, ocorre também a necessidade do auxilio a saúde dessa população<br>Abstract: Childhood obesity has increased in recent decades, becoming a major public health problem with high risks of damaging the overall development of children. The World Health Organization highlights the importance of monitoring the nutritional status as a health indicator. Within this context the present research aimed at identifying the panorama of studies on the nutritional status of Brazilian children and establishing correlations between nutritional status and motor performance of middle-class school children. The analysis was structured in two chapters-articles: the first one maps publications indexed in the last 10 years that address the nutritional status of this population sector, considering year of publication, location, study objective and interest for childhood overweight; the second establishes correlations between the nutritional status and motor performance of middle-class school children aged 6 to 10 and whose family supervisor showed high educational level. For mapping the articles we used the Access Portal to electronic information of Unicamp's Library System, with the following key word combinations (Portuguese and English): students, nutritional status and Brazil; children, nutritional status and Brazil. A total of 148 articles were mapped, perceiving an increase in the number studies in the last 10 years. Most studies were concentrated in the Southeast (45%), South (21%) and Northeast (19%) regions, revealing a strong discrepancy in relation to the Central West (8%) and North (7%) regions, confirming inequalities among the country's macroregions. One of the most recurrent topics in the main objective of the analyzed publications was the relationship between illnesses and children's nutritional status. Over half of the studies address childhood obesity. For our analysis, a total of 222 school children aged 6 to 10 from the city of Campinas were selected. The following aspects were assessed: nutritional status (BMI/age and WHO classification), motor performance (flexibility, lower limb muscular strength (FMMI) and speed) (MATSUDO, 2005), socio-economic status and educational level of the child's responsible person (Abipeme questionnaire). Results showed a high education level of the child's responsible person and a socioeconomic profile compatible with classes B and C, with prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively, of 20% and 23.1% (for boys) and 22.8% and 19.6% (for girls), as well as significant difference between eutrophic and obese children regarding speed and FMMI (only for boys). Even in middle-class populations with high levels of education, children overweight and obesity rates are high and already interfere on the motor performance, revealing the negative influence of overweight on children's development. The increase of children overweight and obesity tendencies also increases the need to assist the health conditions of this population sector<br>Mestrado<br>Educação Fisica e Sociedade<br>Mestra em Educação Física
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Michel, Fiona. "Do developmental changes in inhibitory ability underpin developmental changes in intelligence?" University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0064.
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[Truncated abstract] Intelligence in children increases with age until adult levels of performance are achieved. Dempster (1991) proposed that developmental changes in inhibitory processes underpin these changes in the development of intelligence. The evidence Dempster presented to support this thesis typically takes the form of noting changes in inhibitory performance that occur in the same time frame as changes in psychometric intelligence (Dempster, 1991, 1992, 1993; Dempster & Corkill, 1999). He also provides correlational evidence from studies in which intelligence scores are correlated with various inhibitory measures. One problem with much of the evidence presented by Dempster is that it does not distinguish between developmental and individual differences in inhibition and/or intelligence. Developmental differences are differences in performance between children at different ages. Individual differences are differences in performance between children of the same age. The majority of evidence Dempster provides concerns individual differences in inhibition and the relationship of these differences to intelligence rather than the relationship of any developmental differences to intelligence. Anderson (1987) suggests that the processes underpinning these two types of differences are not necessarily the same. For example, individual differences may be related to speed of processing, while developmental differences may be related to changes in inhibitory ability. Therefore, a more accurate test of Dempster’s thesis is to assess whether developmental changes in inhibition are related to developmental changes in intelligence, rather than whether individual differences in inhibition are related to intelligence. This was the primary goal of this thesis. A secondary goal was to address whether or not any developmental changes seen were primarily due to changes in inhibition or could be accounted for by changes in speed of processing. Measures which utilise difference score reaction time (RT) measures as inhibitory indices such as the stroop task do not typically account for this potential confound. A number of researchers have addressed this problem of difference score measures and proposed alternative analytic techniques (Christ, White, Mandernach, & Keys, 2001; Christ, White, Brunstrom, & Abrams, 2003; Faust, Balota, Spieler & Ferraro, 1999). Each inhibitory measure used in the current study will attempt to control for group and individual speed differences, either by utilising one of these alternative techniques or using regression analysis to identify the contribution of speed to the developmental shift in intelligence.
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Callcott, Deborah. "The effect of a reflex replication program on retained primary reflexes, motor coordination, vocabulary, visual motor ability and rapid naming in preprimary aged children." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1565.
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The link between movement and cognition is not new, but remains steeped in controversy in the educational community. One of the reasons for this controversy has been the lack of substantial research that supports the link between movement programs and observable academic benefits. The results of recent research have indicated that the retention of primary reflexes, particularly the tonic neck reflexes in young children, can result in difficulties that affect the overall functioning of the child. The retainment of reflexes may lead to clumsiness, poor eye hand coordination, poor manipulative skills and consequently academic achievement may be compromised in some children (Sugden & Wright, 1998). This research is about determining the efficacy of Primary Movement program, a reflex replication program designed to reduce the effect of these inappropriately retained reflexes (McPhillips, Hepper & Mulhern, 2000). The research began by investigating the prevalence of retained Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), the cause of significant motor difficulties, in a sample of approximately 200 preprimary children in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia using the Schilder Neurological Test which is one of the standard neurological tests to determine the presence of this reflex (McPhillips, Hepper, & Mulhern, 2000; Morrison, 1985). EJaseline data was also established for all children in the following areas: motor skills (using Movement ABC Assessment Battery for Children (Henderson & Sugden, 1992); language skills (using Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Dunn & Dunn, 1997); and visual motor integration (using the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (Beery, 1989). Following the gathering of this data, an intervention based on the Primary Movement program was then conducted. The effect of the Primary Movement intervention was· compared on the above variables, to the results of a gross motor intervention and a free play intervention (control). As such this thesis investigates the efficacy of the Primary Movement program as an early intervention tool for preschool children in Australia displaying retained reflexes and associated issues such as motor difficulties, is evaluated.
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Wolfe, Christopher B. "Motor control and reading fluency contributions beyond phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming in children with reading disabilities /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11282007-113346/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.<br>Title from file title page. Rose A. Sevcik, committee chair; MaryAnn Romski, Rihana Williams-Smith, Robin D. Morris, committee members. Electronic text (99 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Jan. 28, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-99).
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Klomp, Aleisha Margaret. "An investigation into the effectiveness of Smart Starts perceptual motor programme on children’s reading ability." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7109.
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Perceptual Motor Programmes are implemented in more than 300 junior schools around New Zealand (Cropp, 2008). When implemented, many teachers believe the programme improves learning including reading abilities, increases physical activity, and enhances social skills (Broadley & Litterick-Biggs, 2005). Despite continued use of the programme there is very little research to support claims of improved academic readiness, and as a result concerns are raised around the use of a non-validated approach to improve children’s literacy learning and learning in general.
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a Perceptual Motor Programme on the reading abilities of year one and two children. Participants were 37 year one and two children, aged 5-6 years, from two classes at a low-decile primary school. Children were tested three times over ten weeks of the study using running records and sight word testing as well as non-word reading. One class acted as the control group and did not receive the programme.
Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a significant time effect over the three time plots for both groups. This time effect is consistent with what you could expect in education where children generally improve over time. However using scores from pre, mid and post testing in all tests, the overall difference between the two groups was non-significant. This result alone clearly disproves the claims of improved reading abilities through the implementation of Smart Starts perceptual motor programme. Sight word testing showed only a marginal time effect due to the scores being high at pre testing creating a ceiling effect where maximum scores had already occurred leaving little room for improvement over time.
When asked to observe one child, teacher observations suggested improved attitudes towards learning and some risk-taking occurring later in the study. This was the case for both children observed, therefore cannot be attributed to the participation of the perceptual motor programme but rather part of the developmental process and current teaching and learning programmes.
The results of this study have implications for the implementation of non-validated interventions in schools. This study outlines the importance of educators using evidence-based practice and research. It explores the purpose, benefits and need for the Smart Starts perceptual motor programme. The use of non-validated approaches take time, money, resources, staffing and energy away from proven practices that improve children’s reading abilities.
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Pabreja, Priya. "Exploring and identifying gross motor coordination deficits in children with dyslexia." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.07 Mb., 110 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1432287.
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Klimkeit, Ester Ivonne 1975. "Studies of attention and motor function in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)." Monash University, Dept. of Psychology, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8147.
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Titus, Jeffery B. "The prediction of cognitive ability from sensory/motor performance : examining the role of sensory/motor performance in the Dean-Woodcock Cognitive Neuropsychology Model." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1239213.
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The present study investigated the relationship between sensory/motor skills and cognitive abilities in psychiatric and neurologically impaired patients to determine how sensory/motor skills are associated with cognitive abilities. Previous research has demonstrated a significant relationship between performance on sensory/motor tasks and cognition but has failed to examine how well sensory/motor skills can predict specific cognitive performance. Because brain functioning is hierarchical with simpler processes being foundational to the development of more complex functions, it is likely sensory/motor skills can aid in the prediction of specific cognitive abilities. If this is true, then investigation of the relationship between sensory/motor performance and cognition should provide insight into the role of sensory/motor skills in the Dean-Woodcock Cognitive Neuropsychology Model.This study examined the relationship between scores on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability - Revised (WJ-R COG) and scores on the Dean-Woodcock Sensory and Motor Battery (D-WSMB). Participants included 458 patients referred for neuropsychological consultation with neurological and/or psychiatric diagnoses. Results indicated a significant correlation among cognitive scores and sensory/motor scores. Moreover, factor analysis revealed 7 overall factors that account for approximately 65% of the variance. These factors were identified as being thinking ability and processing speed, subcortical functioning, verbal working memory, peripheral processes, tactile kinesthetic thinking (Gtk), visual processing, and simple sensory/motor.Integration of sensory/motor factors into the Dean-Woodcock Cognitive Neuropsychology Model revealed the significant role sensory/motor performance plays in predicting higher-order cognitive abilities. From the analysis it appeared that certain sensory/motor functions were significant contributors to the prediction of specific cognitive abilities. That is, subcortical functioning aided in the prediction of all measured areas of cognition; visual processing contributed to visual-spatial thinking, novel reasoning, and crystallized knowledge; tactile-kinesthetic thinking helped predict visual-spatial thinking, auditory processing, and crystallized knowledge; and simple sensory/motor functioning aided in the explanation of long-term storage-retrieval.These results offer a beginning point for further investigation into the relationship between specific sensory/motor skills and cognitive abilities. Research in this area can provide further insight into the functional organization of the brain and offer application to cognitive outcome in rehabilitation as well as preschool screening.<br>Department of Educational Psychology
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Harvey, William 1578-1657. "Motor performance and fitness of children with an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22592.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the gross motor and fitness characteristics of children with an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nineteen children with an ADHD, between the ages of 7 years, 0 months and 12 years, 11 months (M = 9 years, 4 months) participated in this study. The 17 boys and 2 girls had IQs between 80 to 100, were not affected by specific learning disabilities, and behavioral problems were the primary reason for acceptance into their clinical center. Children with additional psychiatric diagnoses were excluded. All children were tested individually. Gross motor performance was measured by the Test of Gross Motor Development (Ulrich, 1985). Fitness variables were measured by selected items from the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (1986), the Canada Fitness Survey (1985), the CAHPER Fitness-Performance II Test (1980), and The Twenty Meter Shuttle Run Test (Leger et al., 1984). A counterbalanced Latin-Square testing order was used to avoid practice effects. Statistical analysis involved converting raw scores to percentile scores which were graphed to provide individual and group profiles of performance. The present study identified the physical fitness and gross motor performance of these children as below average.<br>Programming implications and recommendations for future study are provided.
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Fox, Jill Englebright. "Young Children's Construction of Physical Knowledge on Swings in the Outdoor Play Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278750/.
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This investigation examined the development of young children's behaviors on swings in the outdoor play environment and their emerging understanding of the physics principles associated with those behaviors. The children's language interactions were also examined in an effort to determine the relationship between language and cognitive development in their construction of physical knowledge. The procedures involved observing the children's behaviors and collecting samples of their spontaneous language interactions during their swinging activities. Informal interviews were also conducted with individual and groups of children. The findings indicate that young children's swinging behaviors develop in eight hierarchical stages. As these behaviors develop, children experiment with the physics principles of balance, gravity, force, resistance, and resonance. Children's swinging behaviors develop in a social context. Many early behaviors are acquired through observing and modeling other children. Language provides the medium for more-experienced peers to assist novice swingers through encouragement and direct instruction. The stage development of swinging behaviors is compared to Cratty's Theory of Perceptual-Motor Development and Harrow's Taxonomy of the Psychomotor Domain. Children's cognitive processing and language interactions are discussed in the context of Piagetian and Vygotskian theories of development. Implications for instruction and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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張嘉恩 and Ka-yan Winnie Cheung. "The phonological mediation hypothesis evidence from Chinese students with hearing impairment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47233576.
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In Western countries, there are around 8-10% of school age children suffering
from mild to moderate reading difficulties. Similarly, in Hong Kong the prevalence
of reading difficulties among school age children was found to be 9.7- 12%. An
understanding of the mechanisms involved in reading helps us to determine the skills
necessary for successful reading.
The Phonological Mediation Hypothesis (PMH), which claims that
phonological recoding is a necessary phase during lexical access, is widely known
for its postulation that phonological awareness would be a significant prognostic
indicator of reading development. Theoretically, individuals who have difficulties in
phonological recoding during lexical access should also encounter reading
difficulties. Good readers with hearing impairment are, therefore, considered as
counter examples of PMH.
If the above prediction of PHM is true, skilled readers with hearing impairment
should have the ability to develop an intact phonological representation and hence
are more capable of phonological recoding. In this study, the reading behaviors of
children with hearing impairment (HI), that of their reading level matched (RL) and
that of their chronological age matched (CA) controls were compared in three
tasks—an auditory perceptual task of onset rime awareness (TAPOR); a synonym
decision task (SDT); and a homophone decision task (HDT). The results for TAPOR
showed that auditory perceptual ability (APOR) accounted for 49% of the variance in
the reading ability of children with hearing impairment. In addition, results of cross
group comparisons on the scores in TAPOR demonstrated a possible causal
relationship between APOR and reading ability in subjects with hearing impairment.
On the other hand, SDT and HDT results indicated a significant preference for
orthographic foils in RL and HI subjects with low reading ability. An increasing
tendency to choose synonyms or homophones, and a decreasing tendency to use
orthographic distractors was observed across subject groups with Primary 1, Primary
2 and Primary 6 reading abilities. A similar but delayed pattern of change in
preference for distractors was observed in HI subjects. The results only partially
agree with PMH. An alternative hypothesis—the Psycholinguistic Grain Size
Theory (PGST) — might be a better model to explain the observed results. With
reference to the results of TAPOR, the correlation between reading ability and
auditory perceptual ability could be explained in terms of the ‘availability problem’
postulated in this latter model. In the same way, the early emergence of orthographic
effect in almost all subjects except CA controls and the late emergence of a number
of reading strategies operating at different levels of grain size can be better explained
by ‘consistency problems’ and ‘granularity problems’ proposed in PGST. These
findings are considered, and directions for further studies are outlined.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Speech and Hearing Sciences<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Kamphaus, Mary Ann. "The differential abilities scales : validation using a gifted sample." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862275.
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The pupose of this study was to examine the validity of the Differential Abilities Scale with a gifted sample. Subjects consisted of 111 students identified as gifted by Indiana S-4. They were in grades 1 thru 6 and ranged in age from 6-8 to 12-11 with a mean age of 9-8. There were 60 females and 51 males who participated. Approximately, 1% of the population was minority which closely resembled the school population. Data from previously administered WISC-III and WIAT (The Psychological Corporation, 1992) were available for 21 of the 111 students.The first aspect of this study was to assess the construct validity of the DAS through investigation of the internal structure. Several different models were proposed. These analyses revealed that the proposed models were not good explanations of the relationships among obtained scores because convergence could not be obtained. A respecified two factor model was obtained where loadings on a Verbal Factor were constrained as recommended by Maxwell (1977). For this sample of gifted students a two-factor model with the first factor being primarily composed of Word Definitions was found to be a tenable one for the DAS.The second aspect of this study was to examine the convergent and predictive validity of the DAS by comparing these scores with the WISC-III and WIAT scores. Verbal factors for the two intelligence tests were the most highly correlated. Although there is overlap between the two intelligence measures, each test measures something unique. While one might expect these two instruments would not correlate perfectly, this correlation is lower than predicted.The DAS cognitive portion was more highly related to the other ability measure, the WISC-III, than it was to achievement as measured by the WIAT. In addition, achievement portions of both instruments were more highly related than they were to the ability measures.<br>Department of Educational Psychology
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Rahman, Jennifer Branscome. "Use of the Woodcock-Johnson III tests of cognitive ability with gifted children." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292038.
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Measurement of the abilities of gifted children is challenging. Identifying patterns of performance for gifted children has proven elusive. The WJIII COG, a theory-driven measure, purports to provide information about a child's pattern of abilities, including areas previously not measured by other cognitive instruments. Only one study has addressed the relationship between the WJIII COG and gifted children. (Rizza, et al., 2001) The purpose of this study was to examine the WJIII COG's appropriateness for use with gifted children. Interpretive guidance when using the WJIII COG with gifted children was sought. The following question was addressed: Do children of high intellectual ability display distinct patterns of performance on the WJIII COG Stratum II variables. If so, do these patterns qualitatively differ from the performance of children of non-high intellectual ability?The participants for this study were taken from the standardization sample of WJIII COG participants (N= 3,145). The participants were divided into two groups: high intellectual ability, Group 1 (N = 389), and "other," (Group 2) (N = 2756). Group 1 participants had a GIA Standard score of 120 or above. The participants were further divided into three subgroups, determined by age: preschool, school-aged, and collegeaged. Approximately half of the sample was male. White participants were the majority of the sample (77.4 - 87.9%). Most participants were non-Hispanic (91.3 - 94.9%). Means, standard deviations, ranges, minimum values, and maximum values, were obtained. WJIII COG Stratum II variables were paired and compared. The comparisons made were ranges and point differences. Cumulative percentages of point differences were calculated at the 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 point levels.Two primary findings emerged. The first finding was that Group 1 participants scored higher overall than Group 2 participants when averages were compared. The second finding was that no gifted profile emerged for Group 1. Although no gifted pattern emerged, there was a great deal of variability within individual student profiles for both Groups. It was suggested that further research be directed at whether subtypes of students with high abilities could be identified that would have clinical implications congruent with multidimensional theories of giftedness.<br>Department of Educational Psychology
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Doss, Roger Ron. "The Relationship Between Low Achievement and Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence in Fourth and Fifth Graders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332760/.
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The problem of this study was an examination of the relationship between low achievement and physical abilities.This study focuses on the areas of musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, spatial and bodily-kinesthetic abilities. This correlational study found that low achievers as a group, identified by achievement test scores, scored above the mean on a measure of motor ability. For children who are struggling to achieve in school, it would seem prudent to explore their strengths in other areas of intelligence. Further research is suggested in the areas of high and average achieving students' motor development.
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Wong, Yvonne, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Precision grasping in people : a detailed analysis of the central and external properties of precision grasping from the young to the elderly." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2004, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/294.
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To understand the grasping abnormalities in Parkinson's or stroke patients, normal grasping must be examined, and whether that normality is determined by biological factors or experiential influence must also be considered. The purpose of this thesis is to determine what normal variations of precision grasping exist in healthy, normal adults, children and elderly people. Using Eshkol-Wachmann Movement Notation, five types of contact strategies were interpolated, based on the digit that contacts the object first, and whether that digit dragged or stabilized the object for grasping. Each contact strategy was associated with an ideal graphical representation of the thumb and index finger velocities. There were seven variations of purchase patterns, based on the digits used to contact the objects, and four variations of postures of the non-grasping digits on top of the five contact strategies. Object size affected purchase pattern preference: smaller objects elicited the pincer grasp more than the larger objects. The purchase pattern distribution of variation is similar in adults and children, although children exhibit an extra purchase pattern, and older adults exhibit less variation purchase patterns. The findings from this thesis suggest that central factors, such as gender and handedness, as well as external factors, such as size of the object, determine individual preference of grasping. The loss of variation with age can be attributed to the developing corticospinal tract in children as well as the deterioration of normal hand function in the elderly.<br>ix, 116 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.