Journal articles: 'Motor cycle'

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Singhvi, S. R., and Jitender Sharma. "‘Indian’ Motor Cycle in India." Jaipuria International Journal of Management Research 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22552/jijmr/2019/v5/i2/189064.

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Sweetnam, D. I., F. Morris, and A. Cope. "The injured motor cycle messenger." Emergency Medicine Journal 10, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.10.3.193.

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Lessing, D. "Motorfietsbedryf: Geleenthede vir markontwikkeling." South African Journal of Business Management 18, no. 1 (March 31, 1987): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v18i1.998.

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Motor-cycle industry: Opportunities for market development The South African motor-cycle industry has experienced a constant decline in sales since 1981, that is, a drop from 84 000 units sold during 1981 to a sales figure of 24 509 units for 1985. This decline in sales poses a threat to the profitability and survival of the motor-cycle industry in South Africa. Up to this point in time the marketing efforts of the motor-cycle industry were mainly directed towards the white consumer market. In order to bring about an upturn in motor-cycle sales, this study looked into the feasibility of a marketing effort by the motor-cycle industry aimed at the black consumer market. The findings of the study revealed that blacks currently view motor-cycles as a dangerous means of transport, used mainly by high speeding dare-devils. However, by the compilation of an optimum marketing strategy, the motor-cycle industry should be able to overcome the above-mentioned objection of blacks against motor-cycles. The marketing mix strategy should reveal the following characteristics: (i) A marketing communication strategy which centres on the re-education of blacks, so that they perceive motor-cycles as an economical means of transport, requiring little parking space, instead of as 'heavy metal terrorists' with a horrifying accident record. (ii) A product offered to the black market which reveals its economical characteristics and, as preferred by blacks, is in the commuter class (200 cm3 - 500 cm3). (iii) A price that does not exceed R4000. (iv) The establishment of distribution outlets in white industrial areas with predominantly white sales personnel.

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Moore, Anne E. "Effect of Cycle Time and Duty Cycle on Muscle Activity during a Repetitive Manual Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 30 (July 2000): 5–461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403016.

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Lack of rest of the so called “Cinderella” fibres during repetitive or static tasks has been suggested as one cause for local metabolic disturbances leading to muscle pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of duty cycle and cycle time on the ability of the muscle to rest during a simulated screw running task. Eight females sat at an adjustable workstation and grasped a cylindrical handle driven by a computer controlled torque motor. The motor applied 1.4 Nm of torque at combinations of one of four cycle times (3, 6, 12 and 20 s) and 3 duty cycles (25, 50 and 83% of time). While working, hand torque, hand grip force and EMG from the extensor carpi radialus brevis muscle were measured. “Biomechanical” duty cycles were calculated from the division of the mean of the whole cycle by the mean of the “work” portion of the cycle. A gap analysis was performed (EMG amplitude below .5% MVC for at least .2 s). The results show that biomechanical duty cycles (force and EMG) are longer than the applied motor duty cycle. The increase in duty cycle was greater for muscle than hand force and greatest at 25% motor duty cycle. At 83% applied duty cycle, the increase in muscle biomechanical duty cycle was such that EMG activity occupied more than 90% of the cycle time. The gap analysis showed that with short cycle times (< 6 s) the amount of time available for the muscle to completely shut off is reduced with increased potential for musculoskeletal disorders.

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Dewi, Rozlinda. "Efek Duty Cycle Pwm pada Pengendalian Kecepatan Motor BLDC 3 Phasa." Journal of Electrical Power Control and Automation (JEPCA) 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jepca.v1i1.4.

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Nowadays almost all electric convertible equipments are in motion using Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors, because BLDC motors have high efficiency and energy density because the lack of brush makes BLDC motors reliable enough, maintenance is cheap and can be used for high speed. This research is more emphasized on the controller unit using DRV 11873 IC which has EVM (Evaluation Module) as strong magnetic induction enhancer in BLDC motor winding (stator) with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle mode, the result of research shows the relationship between the addition of duty cycle PWM and the addition of a large supply voltage V (V) given to the 3 phase Phas motor BLDC to the motor speed change (RPM). Through the calculation of coefficient of determination (R2) each experimental results between the change of power supply voltage (V) to the speed (RPM) obtained 0.998 and the calculation of coefficient of determination (R2) change duty cycle PWM signal to the speed (RPM) 0.996.

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Kazakbaev, Vadim, Vladimir Prakht, Vladimir Dmitrievskii, Safarbek Oshurbekov, and Dmitry Golovanov. "Life Cycle Energy Cost Assessment for Pump Units with Various Types of Line-Start Operating Motors Including Cable Losses." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 3546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143546.

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The paper presents a comparative analysis of life-cycle energy consumption for three different types of 4 kW line-start motors used in a pump unit with throttling: the most widely used induction motor with IE3 efficiency class, line start permanent magnet synchronous motor with IE4 efficiency class and line start synchronous reluctance motor with IE4 efficiency class. The operating cycle for pump units with constant flow is considered for the above-mentioned types of motors taking into account not only the losses in the pump and motor, but also in the power supply cable. It is shown that the line start synchronous reluctance motor without magnets has the highest efficiency over the entire considered loading range. However, its power factor is lower than that of the synchronous motor with magnets and therefore it has more significant losses in power supply cable. Despite this disadvantage, the line-start reluctance motor is a good alternative to widespread induction motor since it allows saving of approximately 4000 euro more than the latter during the 20 years life cycle. It also provides similar savings in comparison to the permanent magnet synchronous motor, but unlike it, it does not have costly rare-earth materials in the rotor.

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ICHIHANA, Satoshi. "Topics and Trends of Motor-Cycle." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 88, no. 797 (1985): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.88.797_440.

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Shahare, Bhavesh, Shivani Chawde, Rakesh Gudafwar, Harshada Pal, Purvi Bobade, and Shyam Bawankar. "IoT based Smart Motor Cycle Helmet." March 2021 3, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.1.002.

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The main purpose of this paper is to urge the two wheeler motor cycle riders to wear a helmet. In India, most of the death cases occur due to the two wheeler accidents. In most of the cases, rider suffers head injuries, which leads to death. In order to reduce the number of accidents, this research work proposes a smart helmet, which will be very useful for the two-wheeler riders. In general, two-wheeler accidents occur due to the high consumption of alcohol by the rider. The proposed smart helmet ensures the safety of the rider, while driving on the road. The proposed model comprises of an alcohol detection, accident identification, location tracking, hands-free device, solar powered module and fall detection. The proposed smart helmet will be connected to the ignition. Henceforth, if the rider does not wear a helmet, the ignition will not be triggered to start the two-wheeler. For handling an emergency situation, GSM module is used to send an alert message to the registered mobile number.

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Sikora, Andrzej, and Marcin Woźniak. "Impact of Current Pulsation on BLDC Motor Parameters." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020587.

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BrushLess Direct-Current (BLDC) motors are characterized by high efficiency and reliability due to the fact that the BLDC motor does not require power to the rotor. The rotor of the BLDC motor consists of permanent magnets. When examining the waveform of the current supplied to the motor windings, significant current ripple was observed within one power cycle, where the optimum value would be the constant value of this current during one power cycle. The variability of this current in one motor supply cycle results from the variability of the electromotive force induced in the motor winding. The paper presents a diagram of the power supply system consisting of an electronic commutator and a DC/DC converter made by the authors, and a proposed modification of the power supply system reducing the current pulsation of the motor windings and thus the possibility of reducing energy losses in the motor windings. The paper presents numerous results of measurements which showed a significant reduction in energy losses in the case of low-load operation.

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Horn, Charles C., Yuriy Zhurov, Irina V. Orekhova, Alex Proekt, Irving Kupfermann, Klaudiusz R. Weiss, and Vladimir Brezina. "Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of Neuromuscular Activity in Aplysia Feeding Behavior." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 1 (July 2004): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01190.2003.

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Aplysia consummatory feeding behavior, a rhythmic cycling of biting, swallowing, and rejection movements, is often said to be stereotyped. Yet closer examination shows that cycles of the behavior are very variable. Here we have quantified and analyzed the variability at several complementary levels in the neuromuscular system. In reduced preparations, we recorded the motor programs produced by the central pattern generator, firing of the motor neurons B15 and B16, and contractions of the accessory radula closer (ARC) muscle while repetitive programs were elicited by stimulation of the esophageal nerve. In other similar experiments, we recorded firing of motor neuron B48 and contractions of the radula opener muscle. In intact animals, we implanted electrodes to record nerve or ARC muscle activity while the animals swallowed controlled strips of seaweed or fed freely. In all cases, we found large variability in all parameters examined. Some of this variability reflected systematic, slow, history-dependent changes in the character of the central motor programs. Even when these trends were factored out, however, by focusing only on the differences between successive cycles, considerable variability remained. This variability was apparently random. Nevertheless, it too was the product of central history dependency because regularizing merely the high-level timing of the programs also regularized many of the downstream neuromuscular parameters. Central motor program variability thus appears directly in the behavior. With regard to the production of functional behavior in any one cycle, the large variability may indicate broad tolerances in the operation of the neuromuscular system. Alternatively, some cycles of the behavior may be dysfunctional. Overall, the variability may be part of an optimal strategy of trial, error, and stabilization that the CNS adopts in an uncertain environment.

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Nurjannah, Dwi. "Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Kelompok A Melalui Kegiatan Bermain Papercraft (Penelitian Tindakan di Kelompok A TK Alam Rizkia, Cimpaeun-Tapos, Depok, 2017)." Almarhalah | Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2, no. 1 (May 11, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38153/alm.v2i1.12.

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Abstract: The background of this study is the low motor skills of early childhood in group A in the Natural Kindergarten Rizkia. This can be seen from the weakness of fine motor in moving the fingers of the hands, coordinate the eyes and hands, and the accuracy of flexibility of the child's fingers. The purpose of this study is to improve fine motor skills through papercraft play activities. The method used in this research is classroom action research method using Kemmis and Taggart cycle model through four stages namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection which is done by two cycles. The subjects of the study were 16 students of class A. Data collection is done by observation, documentation, and interview. The results of the study conducted during two cycles observed the development of fine motor skills of group A children experienced an increase in each cycle. Pre-action (pre cycling) was 34%, in cycle I was 60.6% with 26.6% increase and in second cycle was 83.82% with an increase of 23.22%. Thus the percentage improvement of fine motor ability of group A children through papercraft activity has achieved success indicator that is more than 75%. This means that papercraft play activities are very effective and can be used in improving the fine motor skills of children group A.

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Sheetz, Michael P. "membrane traffic: Microtubule motor cycles and kinectin." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100166129.

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Although membrane traffic can occur in the absence of microtubules, the rapid metabolism of many eucaryotic cells requires that vesicular organelles are actively transported. Microtubule-dependent transport is particularly robust in actively growing cells and the volume of membrane transported increases dramatically in going from static to growth conditions. Both inward and outward movement are regulated simultaneously implying coordinate activation of both motors or a transport cycle. Relatively large complexes of the microtubule motors and associated proteins are responsible for powering the movements (reviewed in Vallee and Sheetz, 1996). Of the many motors that have been described, kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein are the most abundant and have been the focus of these studies. Included in the microtubule motor complexes are motor receptors and activating factors. A membranous motor receptor, kinectin, was identified on the basis of its interaction with kinesin (Toyoshima et al., 1992). An antibody to kinectin blocks both kinesin binding to organelles and kinesin-dependent motility of those organelles (Kumar et al., 1995).

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Arafah, Nurul. "Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Lompat Tali Kelompok B1 di Tk Mutiara Tangerang." JM2PI: Jurnal Mediakarya Mahasiswa Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33853/jm2pi.v1i2.122.

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The puspose of this study is to increase gross motor skills of early childhood, through jumping rope games. This research is a class action research (PTK). Description of the data in this study using cycles such as planning, implementation cycles, observation and reflection. This research was conducted in Mutiara Kindergarten on January 28, 2020.Based on the results of the study found after conducting this research, the data obtained starts from pre-cycle II, which is 46.8% pre cycle, in cycle 1 of 68% and the last cycle of 87% by obtaining a very good developing category. Improvements made during the research process have shown an increase in gross motor skills of early childhood.

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Futenma, Chojo, Fuminori Kanaya, Hideki Asato, Issaku Toyohara, and Kunio Ibaraki. "Musculocutaneous nerve injury by motor cycle accident." Orthopedics & Traumatology 47, no. 1 (1998): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.47.269.

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Subburaj, Prof Dr R. "Hydraulic System for Motor Cycle – A Review." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 14, no. 01 (February 2017): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-1401067175.

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Suhartini, Suhartini, and Jarwoko Jarwoko. "MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL LOMPAT TALI PADA USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI PAUD TUNAS MEKAR PLUS TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018." Jurnal Warna : Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini 1, no. 2 (January 18, 2018): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/jw.v1i2.183.

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The researcher conducted a classroom action research to improve students gross motor skill, especially for the physical motor skill such as strength and balance through traditional game jumping rope. This study was conducted in group B at Tunas MekarPlus Playgroup and involved thirteen students as the research subjects. Moreover, two cycles were applied in this study with three meeting in each cycle. To collect the data, observation and documentation were employed. In addition, the data was analyzed through mean score analysis by determining the progress of students’ gross motor skill in each cycle which then displayed in table for better understanding. Having analyzed the data, students’ average score in cycle 1 was 47% and then increased into 80% in cycle 2. It shows that students’ gross motor skill has developed as expected, i.e.: ability to jump. Regarding to the strength, students have reached the targeted standard, i.e.; 60%-79%, classified in ‘develop as expected’.

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Wen, Jing, Liang Chu, Jun Nian Wang, Jian Kun Yin, and Yan Bo Wang. "Study on Making of the Motor Test Cycle and Evaluation Criterion of Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.149.

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In order to make the motor test and evaluation of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) can better reflect the requirements of the driving cycle to the motor of the HEV. First, the definition of motor test cycle and its feasibility is discussed. Second, according to traction motor working distribution under the actual driving cycle, motor test cycle is made using the statistical tool and the method for its test and evaluation is proposed. Third, the feasibility of motor test cycle is verified by the test on the test bench.

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Liu, Zhuang, Z. J. Qiu, C. Heng, and Ning Song Qu. "Electrochemical Micro Drilling of Stainless Steel with Tool Electrode Jump Motion." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.333.

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ECM micro drilling with tool electrode jump motion in cycles is introduced in this work. A linear motor is employed to carry tool to jump with high acceleration in cycles. Due to the high accelerating motion of tool electrode, the electrolyte within machining gap is able to be refreshed. The Z-axis feeding motor, linear motor and DC supplier are coupled in the experimental setup and a series of micro-holes are drilled on stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti) plate with thickness of 0.5mm to investigate the presented process. Experimental results shows, cycle jump motion of tool electrode, higher jump acceleration, longer jump height and shorter cycle machining time lead to better machining accuracy.

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Sariyem, Sariyem, Mahkamah Brantasari, and Harry Gunawan. "PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK DENGAN KEGIATAN KOLASE BAHAN DAUN KERING DI KELOMPOK B TK PUSAKA INDAH SAMARINDA TAHUN AJARAN 2017-2018." Jurnal Warna : Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini 3, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/jw.v3i2.267.

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Students in Pustaka Indah Kindergarten Samarinda were considered having low sensory motor skill due to lack of physical practic, unattactive facilities of learning, less maximum guide frorm the teacher, and less various teaching method. Responding the issue, the researcher applied a classroom action research to improve student’ motor skill through collage activity by using dried leaves. This study involved 20 students of Group B at Pustaka Indah Kindergarten as the research subject. Moreover, observation sheets and documentation of learning activity were employed to collect the data. The data was then analyzed through descriptive quantitative and qualitatively. The research was carried out in three cycles, wherein each cycle consists of four stages; planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Having analyed the data, students’ sensory motor skill increased after implementing the collage activity. Based on observation sheet on the students’ average score in pre cycle, 0% students did not reach the passing grade. However, at the first cycle, 40% students managed to improve their sensory motor skill, which then increased in the second cycle, making up 70,33% with good category. In conclusion, the collage activity has effectively improved students’ sensory motor skill, especially for students in Pusaka Indah Kindergarten Samarinda.

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Susanti, Meli. "Peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus melalui permainan menganyam dari bahan alam di taman kanak – kanak cahaya hati kabupaten pasaman barat." JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia) 4, no. 1 (July 11, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/3003280000.

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This study used Classroom Action Research conducted in Light Heart Kindergarten. This research was conducted for 2 months, namely as many as 2 cycles, namely cycle I consisted of 3 meetings and cycle II consisted of 3 meetings. Data collection with observations, interviews, and documentation were analyzed by percentage techniques. The results of observations on the initial conditions indicate that the children's fine motor skills are still low. The implementation of the first cycle of the first meeting until the third meeting showed an increase in the fine motor skills of the child, but had not been able to reach the KKM so that the second cycle was carried out. After the second cycle, the first meeting until the third meeting, there was a significant increase in the children's fine motor skills, especially in the aspect of children. They could move their fingers when weaving. Childhood Light Heart of West Pasaman.

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Winarsih, Winarsih. "Peningkatan Keterampilan Motorik Halus Melalui Kegiatan Membatik." Jurnal Inovatif Ilmu Pendidikan 1, no. 1 (August 7, 2021): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiip.v1i1.18010.

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The purpose of this study to describe the process and learning outcomes through the implementation of batik activities that can improve fine motor skills of children in group A kindergarten Aisyiyah Bustaanul Athfaal Ciracas, East Jakarta, Year 2015/2016. The subjects of this study were 10 children. The research method used is based upon the model of action research which consists of four phases, including planning, action, observation and reflection. The study consisted of two cycles where each cycle consists of eight meetings. Data analysis techniques used in this research is the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Analysis of qualitative data by data reduction, data display and data verification. Quantitative data analysis with descriptive statistics that compare the results obtained from pre-action, the first cycle and the second cycle. The results of this study showed an increased fine motor skills through activities batik, can be proved by the average level of performance development (TCP) fine motor skills of children in pre-action amounted to 21 increased in the first cycle and the second cycle to 34 to 44. Keywords: Fine motor skills, batik activities, early childhood DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiip.v1i1.18010

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Novalia, Frizia Nuary, and Yuliasma Yuliasma. "MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI RANGSANGAN AUDIO DI TK IBUNDA KUBANG." Jurnal Sendratasik 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jsu.v8i1.106523.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop motoric skills of early childhood by using audio stimulation at Ibunda Kubang Kindergarten in Kerinci Regency. The type of this research was PTK (Classroom Action Research). The procedures of this study were divided into 2 cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The instrument of this research used observation and documentation sheets. Then, the data collection techniques were carried out by observation, gross motor ability tests and documentation. Next, the results showed that the gross motor ability of children in the learning process seemed developed by using Audio Stimulation in the childer of group B at Ibunda Kubang Kindergarten, Kerinci Regency. Audio Stimulation can develop children's gross motor ability as an increase in each cycle. In cycle I, there was an increase in children's gross motor ability for each meeting, but the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) had not reached yet. They were namely the first aspect 21.4%, the second aspect 28.6% and the last aspect 21.4%. Whereas in the second cycle there was an increase and the results had fulfilled and for KKM it was established. they were 21.4% to 85.7% (at fisrt aspect), 28.6% to 85.7% (at the second aspects) and the last aspect 21.4% to 78.6 %. Audio Stimulation can develop children's gross motor ability at Ibunda Kubang Kindergarten. So this Audio Stimulation is good to be used for improving the gross motor ability of children. Keywords: developing, motoric ability of early childhood, audio stimulation

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Huda, Huda, Ratna Faeruz, and Miratul Hayati. "PERMAINAN KOLASE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA KELOMPOK A TK MUSLIMAT NU BANJARMASIN." Journal of Early Childhood Education (JECE) 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jece.v1i2.13278.

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The purpose of this study was to improve children’s fine motor skills through collage play in groip A at Muslimat NU Banjarmasin Kindegarten. This research is collaborative classroom action research using Kemmis and Mc Taggart model. The subjects of the study are 10 children in group A at Muslimat NU Kindergarten. The object of this study is the children’s fine motor skill. Guided observation is used for this instrument. The data analysis technique is carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. This research was conducted in two cycles. The result shows a gradual increase in children’s fine motor skills. Improvement of children’s fine motor skill through collage play in the implementation of pre-liminary research 40,45% and in the first cycle increased to 50,59%. In 2nd cycle, the child’s fine motor ability increased with percentage 80,68%.

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Julimarti, Dessi, and Nurhafizah Nurhafizah. "Peningkatan Motorik Halus Anak Melalui Proses Pembuatan Minyak Kelapa Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Aisyiah Bustanul Athfal Parit." JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia) 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/02380jpgi0005.

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This study aims to improve the fine motor skills of children in learning through the process of making Coconut Oil in Kindergarten Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Parit. The type of research is Classroom Action Research conducted in a cyclical way, namely two cycles each cycle of three meetings. The results showed that fine motor skills in children had not yet developed and continued improvement in the first cycle through the activities of the process of making coconut oil using a variety of tools. In the second cycle achieving optimal results with excellent growing results. Thus it was concluded that the process of making coconut oil can improve the fine motor skills of children in kindergarten Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Parit.

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Noland, Robert B. "Pedestrian Travel Times and Motor Vehicle Traffic Signals." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300104.

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Traffic signals generally have been installed to maximize the flow of motor vehicle traffic by reducing the average travel delay time. Under free-flow conditions, motor vehicle travel delay is very sensitive to the amount of green phase and the total cycle of the traffic signal. Average pedestrian delay at traffic signals is not taken into account. Some simple examples are used to demonstrate that travel time delay costs to pedestrians caused by existing signalization cycles may often result in increased travel time costs to society. In areas with heavy pedestrian traffic (or during peak pedestrian hours), traffic signals should trade off the costs of motor vehicle delay with pedestrian delay. This may suggest that in some areas, motor vehicle traffic should be banned or severely restricted. Narrower street widths that can allow reduced total signal cycle times can also reduce pedestrian delay.

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Tatenda Katsambe, Cosmas, Vinukumar Luckose, and Nurul Shahrizan Shahabuddin. "EFFECT OF PULSE WIDTH MODULATION ON DC MOTOR SPEED." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 5, no. 2 (June 18, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2017.522.

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Pulse width modulation (PWM) is used to generate pulses with variable duty cycle rate. The rapid rising and falling edges of PWM signal minimises the switching transition time and the associated switching losses. This paper presents a DC motor speed controller system using PWM technique. The PWM duty cycle is used to vary the speed of the motor by controlling the motor terminal voltage.The motor voltage and revolutions per minutes (RPM) obtained at different duty cycle rates. As the duty cycle increases, more voltage is applied to the motor. This contributes to the stronger magnetic flux inside the armature windings and the increasethe RPM. The characteristics and performance of the DC motor speed control system was investigated. In this paper, a PIC microcontroller and a DC-DC buck converter are employed in the DC motor speed controller system circuit. The microcontroller provides flexibility to the circuit by incorporating two push button switches in order to increase and to decrease the duty cycle rate. The characteristics and performance of the motor speed controller system using microcontroller was examined at different duty cycle rate ranging from 19% to 99%.

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Anzen, Yasuhiro, Toshiyuki Beppu, and Atsushi Minoda. "An Electric Motor Cycle for a Hadicapped Person." Journal of Life Support Engineering 19, Supplement (2007): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport.19.supplement_54.

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Eyre, Reg. "Motor cycle touring in New Zealand before 1915." Studies in Travel Writing 17, no. 4 (December 2013): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2013.861105.

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ODA, Juhachi, Kouetsu YAMAZAKI, Jirou SAKAMOTO, Junpei ABE, and Masahide MATSUMOTO. "On optimum frame structures of a motor cycle." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 55, no. 518 (1989): 2195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.55.2195.

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Koerner, Steve. "The British Motor-Cycle Industry during the 1930s." Journal of Transport History 16, no. 1 (March 1995): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002252669501600106.

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Qi, Guoyuan. "Energy cycle of brushless DC motor chaotic system." Applied Mathematical Modelling 51 (November 2017): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2017.07.025.

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Liu, C. T., C. C. Kuo, J. S. Pan, and B. M. Lin. "Development of electric motor cycle technologies in Taiwan." Journal of Power Sources 48, no. 1-2 (February 1994): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)80020-0.

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Zahroh, Amilatul, Yahya Aziz, and Al Qudus Nofiandri Eko Sucipto Dwijo. "Peningkatan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Melalui Alat Permainan Simpai pada Anak Kelompok A di Taman Kanak-Kanak Dharma Wanita Bangun Ungging Mojokerto." JECED : Journal of Early Childhood Education and Development 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jeced.v1i1.493.

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The background of this research is that gross motoric activities in schools are rarely carried out due to the limited facilities and infrastructure owned by the school. The solution to overcome this problem is the application of the hoop game tool. This study aims to determine the application of hulahoop playing tools as an effort to increase gross motor skills in group A children at Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Bangun Pungging Mojokerto. The formulation of the problem in this study include: 1) How to apply the hoop game tool to improve gross motor skills in group A children in Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Bangun Pungging Mojokerto? 2) How to increase gross motor skills through hoop playing tools in group A children at Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Bangun Pungging Mojokerto? This type of research is classroom action research which aims to improve the quality of learning by using the Kemmis & Taggart spiral model action research. The study was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle is held for three meetings. Each cycle consists of four stages: the planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. The subjects in this study were children of group A totaling 17 students consisting of 8 male students and 9 female students. Data collection techniques used in this study are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the study can be explained as follows: 1) the application of the hoop game runs well in Cycle II. This can be seen in the results of observations of teacher activities in Cycle I, namely 80 (good) and in Cycle II it increased to 86.66 (very good). The results of observation of student activities in Cycle I were 75 (good) and in Cycle II it rose to 88.33 (very good). 2) increase in gross motor skills based on the average grade of the 59.70 (sufficient) pre cycle, in the cycle up to 69.70 (enough) and in Cycle II it increased to 91.47 (very good). Whereas gross motor percentage at pre cycle was 23.52% (Undeveloped), in Cycle I it was 52.94% (Start developing) and in Cycle II it increased significantly to 88.23% (Developing Very Good).

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Rosdiana, Erma. "Meningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar anak melalui tari kreasi tradisional mandahiling melayu di taman kanak-kanak al-muhsinin Pasaman barat." JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia) 3, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/3003277000.

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The level of gross motor skills has not developed, where most children are still shy in moving their bodies, there are still children who are still in place and many irregular children move the body as a whole. The type of research is Classroom Action Research conducted by means of cycles, namely two cycles each cycle of three meetings. The learning outcomes in the initial conditions show that the gross motoric abilities of children have not yet developed and continued improvement in the first cycle through the Mandahiling Malay Traditional Creative Dance activities. In cycle II achieved optimal results with excellent results that Mandahiling Malay traditional creative dance can improve the gross motor skills of children in kindergarten Al-Muhsinin, West Pasaman.

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Ni'mah, Afifah Fatihakun, and Erni Munastiwi. "Upaya Mengembangkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak melalui Pemanfaatan Bahan Bekas dalam Pembelajaran di Kelompok B RA Ar-Rafif Kalasan, Sleman, Yogyakarta." Al-Hikmah : Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education 3, no. 1 (August 6, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35896/ijecie.v3i1.52.

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The purpose of this research to find the efforts of development children’s motor fine skills in group B RA Ar-Rafif, Kalasan, Sleman, Yogyakarta through utilization of used materials. The type of this research is collaborative classroom action research which is uses research model by Kurt Levin. The Method of collect data are observation, interviews, and documentation. The current data analysis are descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative. The Indicator of success minimum is very high category and children’s motor fine skills minimum 85% which develop as expected category (develop as expected and develop very well) from 12 children. This research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consist of three meetings. The Research process are planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed that: First, development children’s motor fine skills before given action 16,67% which develop as expected category (develop as expected and develop very well), the ability motor fine skills of childhood less optimal. Second, implementation utilization of used materials in learning in group B RA Ar-Rafif Kalasan can increase children’s motor fine skills. Third, development children motor fine skills after given action an increase cycle 1 of 50% (develop as expected and develop very well) and increase cycle 2 of 91,66% (develop as expected and develop very well).

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Wyczalek, Floyd A., and Chung M. Suh. "AirСar CAES-Compressed Air Energy Source-Compendium." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.189.

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This paper is a re evaluation of CAES Compressed Air Energy Source. CAES is not new, experimental air car compressed air propulsion vehicles appeared in early 1900’s, and are currently exemplified by the India Tata Motors AirCar MiniCat based on the French MDI Motor Development International AirCar. (see Ulf Bossel, European Fuel Cell Forum) This study focuses on compressed air potential pressure specific energy density and specific power, ideal Global thermodynamic cycle efficiency, US EPA 23 cycle urban driving test schedule overall drive train ideal efficiency and vehicle ideal range. CAES analysis is unique because compression and expansion cycles are remotely linked solely by ambient atmosphere e.g., compression occurs in a stationary device while expansion takes place in a mobile vehicle. Therefore, ideal thermodynamic compression and/or expansion cycles can be treated independently and linked as isothermal entities e.g., both cycles are in fact separate ideal complete compression and/or complete expansion cycles without (TDC) top dead center piston clearance with isothermal ambient temperature compressed air storage. Further, CAES potential pressure energy density and power density are comparable to electro-chemical energy sources on a Ragone chart, e.g., CAES specific energy density and specific power based solely on stored pressure energy potential are similar to the Pb-Acid battery. However, modern forms of multi stage expansion air motors with heat exchangers between stages extract additional thermal energy directly from ambient air to increase vehicle range by a factor of ~ 6 with a four stage expansion motor. To minimize road-load energy consumption air powered vehicles are characterized by low curb (empty) vehicle mass and low speed urban traffic. Based on Tata AirCar design specifications, comparative theoretical driving range tests were simulated with the 23 cycle US EPA Urban (City) driving schedule and a modified low speed 23 cycle Urban schedule suitable for India. We concluded modern multi stage air car propulsion may find applications in temperate zones, particularly highly congested pedestrian trafficked city streets and retirement communities such as Sun City, AZ, India [5a-19a]

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Qomariah, Qomariah, Leny Marlina, and Lidia Oktamarina. "Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Melalui Kegiatan Mozaik Pada Siswa Kelompok B." Journal of Early Childhood Education (JECE) 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jece.v2i1.14336.

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The undeveloped child's fine motor ability is the background for this research. The problems in this study were child's undevelopment ability to control fingers and hands, undevelopment of skills using media with the coordination between eyes and hands. The subject of his research was the B3 group of 18 children. This was based on action research method. It used the Kemmis & McTaggart Research design which consists of planning, observation and reflection actions. There were two cycles with four times meeting in each cycle. Data used in the observation were field records, interview notes and documentation notes. The techniques of data analysis in this study were qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that in the pre-cycle phase, the child's fine motor ability level reached 47.66%, whereas after using mozaic activities in cycle 1 it reached until 59.91% and in cycle 2 it reached to 80.08%. It can be concluded that there is a significant increase in the child's fine motor ability through mosaic activities.

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Wen, Jing, Liang Chu, Jun Nian Wang, Jian Kun Yin, and Yan Bo Wang. "Motor Parameters Matching Based on Motor Loss Model and the Actual Drive Cycle of Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.154.

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The paper describes a way of matching the traction motor’s continuous parameters without changing the vehicle’s power performance. First, the traction motor’s peak parameters were matched according to the power performance of the HEV. Second, using the statistical tool, the region of the continuous parameter is set according to traction motor working distribution under actual drive cycle. Third, the continuous parameters were matched according to the motor loss model and the motor test cycle. Finally, vehicle simulation is done in CRUISE, simulation results show HEV traction motor matched using this method can improve the economy performance of the vehicle under certain drive cycle.

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Yan, Bin, Yan Qing Hu, Shu Mei Zhang, Ting Yan, and Lin Yang. "Adaptive Control of Hybrid Electric Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.912.

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Hybrid electric vehicle was powered by motor and engine. So making a good energy management strategy to torque split between motor and engine is very important. A static control strategy is not suitable for all drive cycles and all driving habits. This paper designs an adaptive control strategy for parallel HEV. In order to regulate the SOC balance of batter, the adaptive control strategy can update itself through analyzing the data obtained from previous driving cycle. Adaptive control strategy was tested in driving cycle of BC_CTC, the result prove that this method is effective.

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Roy, Rajkumar, Habibur Rahman, Shamima Sultana, Tofael Hossain Bhuiyan, and Pijush Kanti Mitra. "Incidence of Motor Cycle Accidents in Female Traveller in the Neurosurgery Ward of Rangpur Medical College Hospital." Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery 10, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v10i1.49159.

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Background: Motor bike is a popular two wheeler vehicle in Bangladesh especially among young generation, newly married couple and service holders. It is also popular vehicle among female NGO workers. Female like to travel on motor bike along with life partner or with guardian hanging their both legs on one side of seat increasing the tendency to fall down from motor cycle due to imbalance body weight during turning the road or crossing the uneven road or sudden increasing the speed of the motor bike or crossing on a speed breaker. Aims: Encourage female to travel on motor bike hanging their legs on both sides of the seat to maintain the body weight balance for reducing the mortality and morbidity of RTA. Methods: All the female patients admitted in neurosurgery ward having motor cycle accident from January/2019- December/2019 were included in this study. Results: There is a strong association between fall from motor cycle (RTA) and hanging two legs on one side in female motor cycle traveler. Conclusions: female should travel on motor cycle hanging their legs on both side of seat to avoid avoidable head injury due to RTA. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2020; 10(1): 33-38

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Wahyuni, Sri, Sean Marta Efastri, and Siti Fadillah. "Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus melalui Kegiatan Cooking Class Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Melati Pekanbaru." PAUD Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 2, no. 01 (October 31, 2018): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/paudlectura.v2i01.2005.

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Abstrak Pengembangan kemampuan motorik halus merupakan salah satu pengembangan kemampuan dasar di lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini sesuai dengan indikator pencapaian perkembangan, untuk itu ujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya pengaruh kegiatan Cooking Class terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak pada pra siklus, siklus I, dan siklus II, untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan kegiatan cooking classdalam meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia 5-6 tahun TK Melati, kegiatan cooking class dapatmeningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar anak usia 5-6 tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 15 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil analisis data diketahui terjadi peningkatan kemampuan motorik anak usia 5-6 tahun kegitana cooking class mulai dari observasi yang dilakukan pada tahapan pra siklus mengalami peningkatan dalam setiap siklusnya. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari perolehan angka mulai dari pra siklus sampai siklus II. Dimana perolehan angka rata-rata pra siklus sebesar 39.46%, siklus I sebesar 53,99%, dan tingginya peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus melalui kegiatan cooking class dari awal pra siklus sampai pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan yaitu sebesar 77.46%. Kata Kunci : Motorik Halus, Cooking Class Abstract “Improve Fine Motor Skills through Cooking Class Activities for Children aged 5-6 years of Melati Kindergarten in Pekanbaru”. The development of fine motor skills is one of the basic skills development in early childhood education institutions in accordance with indicators of achievement of development. This research aims to find out the influence of cooking class activities for children fine motor skills in the pre cylce, first cycle, and second cycle to find out how the implementation of cooking class activities in improving fine motor skills for children aged 5-6 years of Melati Kindergarten, cooking class activities can be improve fine motor skills for children aged 5-6 years. The study method of this research was classroom action research, the first sample in this study was 15 people. Data collection techniques used observation and documentation sheets. From the result of data analysis, there was an increase of motor skills for children aged 5-6 years in cooking activities, start from observation at the pre-cycle stage and experiencing an increase in each cycle. This can be seen from the acquisition of numbers starting from the pre cycle to thesecond cycle. The acquisition of the pre cycle average number was 39,46% , first cycle was 53,99% , and the high increase in fine motor skills through cooking class activities from the beginning of the pre cycle until the second cycle has a significant increase was 77,46%. Key words : Fine Motor, Cooking Class

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Hegde, Shreekara S., and A. N. Nagashree. "Enhancement of Power Quality and Speed Regulation of a BLDC Motor Drive using Water Cycle Algorithm." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (August 26, 2020): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug382.

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Permanent magnet Brushless DC motors are used in several applications because of its advantages such as high reliability, high power output, constant torque, low maintenance cost, good heat dissipation and better efficiency. Also, rapidly decreasing cost of permanent magnets is an added advantage. Hence, BLDC motors are suitable for many variable-speed drive applications. Various DC-DC converters are used for driving the BLDC motor and Interleaved Boost converter is one of them. BLDC motor drive is fed through a diode bridge rectifier which lowers the power factor. Hence, power factor correction converters are necessary in such applications. In the present work, to improve the power quality of the AC mains and hence the power factor, Interleaved boost converter controlled by PI controller is used. The gains of the PI controller are decided by Water cycle algorithm (WCA) using Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) criterion. Speed control of the BLDC motor is done by controlling the output voltage of the converter which acts as a DC link voltage to the Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). MATLAB SIMULINK software is used for the design and performance analysis of the BLDC.

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Dicaprio, R., G. Jordan, and T. Hampton. "Maintenance of motor pattern phase relationships in the ventilatory system of the crab." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 6 (March 1, 1997): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.6.963.

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The central pattern generator responsible for the gill ventilation rhythm in the shore crab Carcinus maenas can produce a functional motor pattern over a large (eightfold) range of cycle frequencies. One way to continue to generate a functional motor pattern over such a large frequency range would be to maintain the relative timing (phase) of the motor pattern as cycle frequency changes. This hypothesis was tested by measuring the phase of eight events in the motor pattern from extracellular recordings at different rhythm frequencies. The motor pattern was found to maintain relatively constant phase relationships among the various motor bursts in this rhythm over a large (sevenfold) range of cycle frequencies, although two phase-maintaining subgroups could be distinguished. Underlying this phase maintenance is a corresponding change in the time delay between events in the motor pattern ranging from 470 to 1800 ms over a sevenfold (3002100 ms) change in cycle period. Intracellular recordings from ventilatory neurons indicate that there is very little change in the membrane potential oscillation in the motor neurons with changes in cycle frequency. However, recordings from nonspiking interneurons in the ventilatory central pattern generator reveal that the rate of change of the membrane potential oscillation of these neurons varies in proportion to changes in cycle frequency. The strict biomechanical requirements for efficient pumping by the gill bailer, and the fact that work is performed in all phases of the motor pattern, may require that this motor pattern maintain phase at all rhythm frequencies.

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Grebenikov, V. V., and M. V. Priymak. "DESIGN OF THE ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE ACCORDING THE DRIVING CYCLE." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2018, no. 5 (August 9, 2018): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2018.05.065.

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Rusni, Rusni, Andi Aslindah, and Mahkamah Brantasari. "PENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN MENGANYAM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA SEDOTAN PADA ANAK KELOMPOK A DI PAUD AZ-ZAITUN GENTING TANAH TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019." Jurnal Warna : Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini 4, no. 1 (August 15, 2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/jw.v4i1.329.

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The researcher conducted a classroom action research in Az-zaitun Genting Tanah pre-school to improve students’ fine motor skill through weaving. Fourteen students who age four to five years old (seven males and seven females) were involved as the research subjects. Moreover, in collecting data the researcher applied two cycles. The data was analyzed statistically in form of percentage. Having analyzed the data, there is found a significant increase on students’ fine motor skill. At the first cycle, 44% students reached the passing grade and then increased into 80% in cycle 2. Therefore, it can be concluded that learning through weaving is effective to improve students’ fine motor skill, especially in Group A at Az-zaitun Genting Tanah Pre-school.

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Grekov, Eduard, Alexei Bezgin, Viktor Sorokin, and Ildar Yamansarin. "Comparison of Energy Indicators of the Electric Lift Drive of the Ekg-5 Excavator with Different Power Converters." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 64, no. 3 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2021-3-53-59.

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The energy indicators of the EKG-5 excavator lifting electric drive with thyristor power circuits have been determined according to the systems thyristor direct frequency converter - two-phase asynchronous electric motor, converter-DC motor and direct frequency converter - three-phase asynchronous electric motor. Losses in electric motors and converters have been determined, taking into account the specifics of their joint work in theefficiency for the excavation cycle were determined based on the results of calculating the simulation model, the initial data for which were the parameters of the excavation cycle of the lift drive of a real excavator. Distortion coefficients of the mains current were determined for two cases: during digging and during accelerated lowering of an empty bucket. For comparison, the energy indicators of the selected electric drives with a filter-compensating device were calculated. The analysis of energy indicators is made.

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Ume, Smiles I., C. I. Ezeano, and R. O. Anozie. "Role of Off-Farm Income in Agricultural Production and its Environmental Effect in South East, Nigeria (A Case Study of Commercial Motor Cycle Business)." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 84 (October 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.84.1.

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Role of off-farm income in agricultural production and its environmental effect in Southeast, Nigeria (A case study of commercial motor cycle business) was studied. Two hundred and forty respondents (240) (One hundred and twenty riders and one hundred and twenty motor cycle users) were selected through multi stage random sampling techniques. The objectives of the study were captured using percentage responses, multiple regression and factor analyses. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The result of socio-economic characteristics of commercial motor cycle riders showed that most riders were youthful, single and experienced. Also, most of the riders used their money generated in the business in hiring labour, procurements of farm inputs, family welfare, expansion of business and procurement of equipment. As well, the menaces caused by motor cycle to the riders and the general society were accidents, traffic jam, crimes, health challenges and gang beating. More so, the determinant factors to the motor cycle riders’ income generated were number of years of experience and marital status. In addition, the effects of motor cycle operations to the environment were dusty and noisy situations, soil erosion, vegetation loss and oil spillage. The avenues in alleviating the affects of motor cycle operations on the environment were use of gadgets, educational programme, ban on the use of big motor cycle, use of traffic control and cleanliness of vehicular emission. The major problems encountered by the riders were extortions by the police, emblem, high cost of fuel and high cost of spare parts. Based on the findings the following recommendations were proffered. There is need to enhance riders’ access to hearing and head protective devices and goggle gadget at affordable prices. Also, experienced and novice riders should be encouraged to remain in business through among others provision of motor cycle parts at affordable prices and rehabilitation of rural roads by the government. Finally, all forms of extortions of the riders should be checkmated and the culprits brought to book.

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Kusmalia, Rikha, and Hanita Hanita. "MENINGKATKANKEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASARANAK MELALUI GERAK DAN LAGU USIA 5 – 6 TAHUN DI TKPGRI MARANGKAYU TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018." Jurnal Warna : Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini 2, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/jw.v2i2.192.

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This study aims to improve 5-6 year old students’ gross motor skill through song and movement in PGRI Kindergarten Marangkayu, as well as, to revel and explain the obstacles and supporting factors.The main theory referred in this study is based on curriculum 2013 about early childhood education, regarding to the characteristics of teaching young learnes ; 1) develop learner’s development optimally which covers the aspect of religious and moral value, physical-motor skill, attitude, knowledge, and skill; 2) apply thematic learning and scientific approach in stimulating education; 3) use authentic assessment in observing learner’s development , and 4) empower parents’ rolein learning process.The researcher conducted a classroom action research which involved students of PGRI Kinfergarten as the research subjects. The learning activity carried out by the researcher was by using movement and songs during two cycles, wherein each cycle consists of three mettings.The result of analysis show that the activity of song snd movement managed to improve students’ gross motor skill, which can be seen in the recapitulation of percentage of students’ gross motor skill assessment. At cycle 1, the average score was 53,7%, meanwhile, in cycle 2, becoming 97,9%

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Nitzsche, Bert, Elzbieta Dudek, Lukasz Hajdo, Andrzej A. Kasprzak, Andrej Vilfan, and Stefan Diez. "Working stroke of the kinesin-14, ncd, comprises two substeps of different direction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 43 (October 11, 2016): E6582—E6589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525313113.

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Single-molecule experiments have been used with great success to explore the mechanochemical cycles of processive motor proteins such as kinesin-1, but it has proven difficult to apply these approaches to nonprocessive motors. Therefore, the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin-14 (ncd) is still under debate. Here, we use the readout from the collective activity of multiple motors to derive information about the mechanochemical cycle of individual ncd motors. In gliding motility assays we performed 3D imaging based on fluorescence interference contrast microscopy combined with nanometer tracking to simultaneously study the translation and rotation of microtubules. Microtubules gliding on ncd-coated surfaces rotated around their longitudinal axes in an [ATP]- and [ADP]-dependent manner. Combined with a simple mechanical model, these observations suggest that the working stroke of ncd consists of an initial small movement of its stalk in a lateral direction when ADP is released and a second, main component of the working stroke, in a longitudinal direction upon ATP binding.

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Otterson, M. F., and S. K. Sarna. "Gastrointestinal motor effects of erythromycin." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): G355—G363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.3.g355.

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We studied the small intestinal motor effects of oral and intravenous (iv) erythromycin in 10 conscious dogs. After control recordings with placebo, oral or iv erythromycin was given at 40% of the migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle. Recordings were made after administration until normal contractile activity had returned or 12 h postdrug administration. Low doses initiated a premature MMC. High doses, however, prolonged the MMC cycle length. Erythromycin reduced the MMC propagation velocity at all doses. Both oral and iv erythromycin induced amyogenesia. During this pattern, electrical control activity was obliterated in the proximal and destabilized in the distal small intestine. Erythromycin also increased the incidence of retrograde giant contractions (RGCs) and vomiting. These effects occurred within the first 2 h after oral and within the first 30 min after iv administration. The incidence of giant migrating contractions (GMCs) increased significantly from 5 to 12 h but not from 0 to 5 h after administration. The distance of origination of GMCs from the ileocolonic junction was significantly increased from 5 to 12 h. The amplitude ratio, duration, and velocity of migration of GMCs induced after erythromycin were similar to control values. Clusters of coordinated antral and duodenal contractions also occurred early after administration. Our findings suggest that erythromycin has multiple motor effects on the stomach and small intestine. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and vomiting associated with erythromycin may be related to increased incidence of GMCs and RGCs. Erythromycin has a biphasic effect on MMC cycle length, initiating premature MMCs at low doses and prolonging their cycle length at higher doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Journal articles on the topic 'Motor cycle'

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