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Noel, David. "Arkiduct Propulsion in Large Marine Vessels." CALIBRE - Revista Brasiliense de Engenharia e Física Aplicada 6, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/calibre.v6i1.1551.
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<p>Arkiduct devices are based on electrically-driven Archimedes screws, and can be axle-less because they can function like the rotor and stator of an electric motor or generator. They can be used for propulsion and liquid delivery, as well as motors and generators. They are described in reference [1]. This article discusses use of Arkiducts in the propulsion of large marine vessels such as container ships, cruise liners, and tankers, many of which have displacements of over a hundred thousand tons, and can be as much as half a million tons [2].</p><p><strong>Key-words</strong>: Arkiduct devices, large marine vessels, propulsion.</p><p>====================================================================================</p><p>Os dispositivos Arkiduct são baseados em parafusos de Arquimedes movidos a eletricidade, podendo ser sem eixos porque são capazes de funcionar como rotores e estatores de motores elétricos ou geradores. Podem ser usados para propulsão e distribuição de líquidos, bem como motores e geradores. Eles são descritos na referência [1]. Este artigo discute o uso de Arkiducts na propulsão de grandes embarcações marítimas, tais como navios porta-contêineres, navios de cruzeiro e petroleiros, muitos dos quais deslocam mais de cem mil toneladas, chegando a meio milhão de toneladas [2].</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Dispositivos Arkiduct, grandes embarcações marítimas, propulsão.</p>
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Dos Reis, Silvio Rodrigo, and Elaine Aparecida Da Silva. "Motores Elétricos Flex a Etanol: uma nova Era no Setor Automotivo Mundial." Revista de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia 12, no. 12 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1890-1793.2017v12n12p45-48.
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O conceito de motores elétricos está inserido na sociedade desde meados do século XIX. O advento do petróleo e a maior eficiência do motor a combustão interna a gasolina fez com que o desenvolvimento dos elétricos permanecesse adormecido por várias décadas. Ressurgiu este conceito após a conscientização mundial sobre problemas de poluição ambiental, que os motores a combustão, movidos com petróleo e derivados trouxeram ao longo dos anos, originando a introdução de políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável, que visa eliminar a circulação de veículos com motores a combustão interna pelos países europeus nos próximos anos. Fontes alternativas de energia, como o etanol, auxilia na propulsão do motor elétrico, cuja eficiência fica comprometida em longas distâncias e em veículos de médio e grande porte. O motor elétrico híbrido flex a etanol é uma alternativa eficaz para atender aos padrões atuais de consumo, já que há muito tempo se tem o motor a combustão interna a etanol eficiente, bem como auxiliar a falta de oferta de uma ampla rede de reabastecimento de baterias elétricas, possibilitando que o consumidor possa realizar suas atividades diárias sem a preocupação com a falta de disponibilidade de eletropostos em algumas cidades do território nacional.Palavras-chave: Motor. Elétrico. Etanol. Automóveis. Híbrido.AbstractThe electric motors concept has been inserted in the society since the mid-nineteenth century. The oil advent and the internal gasoline-fueled engine increased efficiency meant that the electric cars development had remained dormant for several decades. This concept emerged after global awareness of the environmental pollution problems caused by oil-derived combustion engines, which led to the introduction of sustainable development policies to eliminate the vehicles circulation with internal combustion engines by European countries in the next years. Alternative energy sources, such as ethanol, help propel the electric motor, whose efficiency is compromised over long distances and in medium and large vehicles. The ethanol-flex hybrid electric motor is an effective alternative to meet current consumption standards, since the engine has long been the fuel-efficient domestic ethanol, as well as adi the lack of supply of a wide network of battery replenishment making it possible for the consumer to carry out his or her daily activities without worrying about the lack of electricity availability in some cities of the national territory.Keywords: Motor. Electric. Ethanol. Automobiles. Hybrid.
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Fabre, Nidia Noemi, and Vandick da Silva Batista. "ANÁLISE DA FROTA PESQUEIRA ARTESANAL DA COMUNIDADE DA RAPOSA, SÃO LUIS, MA." Acta Amazonica 22, no. 2 (1992): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921992222259.
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Entre novembro de 1987 e agosto de 1988, realizou-se um censo da frota artesanal da Rapôsa, principal comunidade pesqueira do litoral maranhense. Esta frota está composta por 221 embarcações) das quais 186 operam na pesca. É uma frota estruturalmente heterogênea, segundo o tipo de casco e o tipo de propulsão. As variações dos diferentes tipos, são representáveis pelo comprimento do barco. Definiram-se 4 estratos dentro desta frota, que são: 1. Bianas abertas com vela biana; 2. 3iana aberta com vela curicaca; 3. Guanas fechadas e botes com potência de motor menor de 40 HP e 4. Botes com mais de 40 HP. As possíveis medidas de poder de pesca são o comprimento da embarcação e o comprimento de rede, as quais servirão de base para avaliação dos recursos pesqueiros explorados pela frota analisada, principalmente Scomberomorus brasiliensis, Macrodon ancylodone Cynoscion acoupa.
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Reinas, Rafael Iglesias, Enzo Barberio Mariano, and Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento Rebelatto. "Custo/benefício de aeronaves: uma abordagem pela Análise Envoltória de Dados." Production 21, no. 4 (2011): 684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-65132011005000048.
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O objetivo deste artigo é a aplicação da técnica de Pesquisa Operacional Análise Envoltória de Dados - DEA, por meio do índice composto das fronteiras clássica e invertida, para avaliar o custo/beneficio de aeronaves de transporte civil. Para tal, foram adotados como inputs: a) preço de mercado, e b) custos operacionais; e como outputs: a) peso de carga paga, b) velocidade de cruzeiro, e c) razão máxima de subida com um único motor. Para garantir a homogeneidade das DMUs, os aviões foram divididos segundo o sistema de propulsão e segundo as categorias: regional, narrow-body e wide-body. Foram também agrupados em diferentes alcances, para que se pudessem identificar os aviões com melhor custo/beneficio em cada um. Os resultados encontrados permitem afirmar que os aviões com o melhor custo/beneficio são os que já tiveram sua produção descontinuada, mas que ainda não estão muito defasados tecnologicamente.
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Lea, Michelle, Donald Thompson, BillVan Blarcom, Jon Eaton, Juergen Friesch, and John Richards. "Scale Model Testing of a Commercial Rim-Driven Propulsor Pod." Journal of Ship Production 19, no. 02 (2003): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2003.19.2.121.
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Podded propulsion is gaining more widespread use in the marine industry and is prevalent in newer cruise ships in particular. This propulsion system can provide many advantages to the ship owner that include increased propulsion efficiency, arrangement flexibility, payload, and harbor maneuverability. A new, unique podded propulsor concept is being developed that allows optimization of each element of the system. The concept comprises a ducted, multiple-blade row propulsor with a permanent magnet, radial field motor rotor mounted on the tips of the propulsor rotor blades, and the motor stator mounted within the duct of the propulsor. This concept, designated a commercial rim-driven propulsor pod (CRDP), when compared to a conventional hub-driven pod (HDP), offers improved performance in a number of areas, including equal or improved efficiency, cavitation, and hull unsteady pressures. The combination of these CRDP performance parameters allows the ship designer much greater flexibility to provide improved ship performance as compared to that of an HDP. A CRDP is being developed to power a panamax-size cruise vessel. The paper addresses the hydrodynamic performance of that CRDP design demonstrated at 1/25th scale as tested at the Hamburg Ship Model Basin, Hamburg Germany (HSVA).
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Yao, Wenlong, Yuan Liu, Honghai Sun, et al. "Optimal Control Strategy for Marine Ssp Podded Propulsion Motor Based on Strong Tracking-Epf." Polish Maritime Research 22, s1 (2015): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0024.
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Abstract Aiming at the non-linearity of state equation and observation equation of SSP (Siemen Schottel Propulsor) propulsion motor, an improved particle filter algorithm based on strong tracking extent Kalman filter (ST-EKF) was presented, and it was imported into the marine SSP propulsion motor control system. The strong tracking filter was used to update particles in the new algorithm and produce importance densities. As a result, the problems of particle degeneracy and sample impoverishment were ameliorated, the propulsion motor states and the rotor resistance were estimated simultaneously using strong track filter (STF), and the tracking ability of marine SSP propulsion motor control system was improved. Simulation result shown that the improved EPF algorithm was not only improving the prediction accuracy of the motor states and the rotor resistance, but also it can satisfy the requirement of navigation in harbor. It had the better accuracy than EPF algorithm.
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Muhammad, Andi Haris, Baharuddin, and Hasnawiya Hasan. "DESAIN KONFIGURASI SISTEM PROPULSI HYBRID TERHADAP PENGURANGAN KONSUMSI BBM KAPAL PENANGKAP IKAN 30 GT (Configuration Design of a Hybrid Propulsion System to Reduce Fuel Oil Consumption of a 30 GT Fishing Vessel)." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 10, no. 1 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.10.1.1-9.
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This study aims to reduce fuel oil consumption of a 30 GT fishing vessel through configuration design of diesel and electric motor hybrids propulsion system. The configuration design of hybrids propulsion system systematically include; i) loading assumption; ii) prediction of speed-thrust; iii) prediction of fuel oil consumption. Design of hybrids propulsion system was analyzed by using the concept of time domain simulation of vessel movement. The result indicated that the hybrids propulsion system implemented to fishing vessel was very effective to reduce fuel consumption compared with conventional propulsion system, especially in variation of loading and speed condition.Keywords: fishing vessel, hybrids propulsion system and fuel oilPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar minyak kapal penangkap ikan 30 GT melalui desain konfigurasi sistem propulsi hybrid diesel-listrik. Secara sistematis perancangan sistem propulsi hybrid meliputi; i) asumsi pembebanan operasi; ii) prediksi speed-thrust; iii) prediksi konsumsi bahan bakar. Desain sistem propulsi hybrid dianalisis dengan menggunakan konsep time domain simulation pergerakan kapal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sistem propulsi hybrid pada kapal penangkap ikan sangat efektif dalam mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar dibandingkan dengan sistem propulsi konvensional, terkhusus pada kondisi pemuatan dan kecepatan yang bervariasi.Kata kunci: Bahan bakar, kapal penangkap ikan, sistem propulsi hybrid
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Sharke, Paul. "The Hunt for Compact Power." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 04 (2000): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-apr-1.
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This article explains features of a ship propulsion motor with superconducting coils that hushes machinery noise and hollows out confined engine rooms. American Superconductor Corp. of Westborough, MA, announced plans to build a high-capacity manufacturing plant for its superconducting wire. This will move the company’s high temperature superconductor (HTS), wire from a developmental phase into large-scale production. IPS is exploring more than just propulsion motor technology. Engineers are evaluating the entire shipboard electrical system, from ship’s service power, to dc distribution, to power electronics—as well as the propulsion motor itself. The Navy, having decided upon electric drive for its next warship, has left the door open for superconducting motors. Superconducting motors can develop the same torque and horsepower within a motor frame that is nearly a third the size of a comparably rated conventional motor. The main factor leading to an HTS motor’s smaller size for a given horsepower output is the magnetic field strength that superconducting magnets create. Iron teeth, used to enhance magnetic flux in conventional rotors and stators, are not needed by superconducting motors.
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Kalinin, I. "Computer-based model of asynchronous electric propulsion drive with three stator windings." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 1, no. 395 (2021): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-395-132-140.
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Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses electric propulsion system of leader icebreaker. Its purpose was to develop mathematical and computer-based model of electric propulsion drive powered by asynchronous motor with three stator windings for further investigation of steady, transitional, asymmetric and emergency operation scenarios of electric power and propulsion system for the leader icebreaker. Materials and methods. Hardware and methods for computer-based simulation of complex engineering structures. Main results. Development of the mathematical model representing asynchronous motor with three windings in phase coordinates. Computational studies on direct startup of 15 MW propulsion motor, as well as on steady and transitional operational conditions of ship electric power system consisting of 36 MW synchronous genset, two-winding transformers and electric propulsion drive with 15 MW asynchronous motor in phase coordinates with three stator windings and three-level frequency converter. Calculation of voltage non-sinusoidality ratio for MSB buses with operation of 15 MW propulsion motor driven by 36 MW synchronous genset. Conclusion. Mathematical model of asynchronous motor suggested in this paper could be used to calculate steady and transitional operation scenarios of marine power systems with frequency-controlled three-winding asynchronous motor, as well as to calculate electromechanical and electromagnetic processes and refine frequency control algorithms. This is especially relevant because each of the asynchronous electric machines used in the electromechanical assemblies of leader icebreaker propulsion motors has three stator windings, and this icebreaker is the first experience of applying a 15 MW marine electric drive.
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Bai, Hongfen. "Position Estimation of a PMSM in an Electric Propulsion Ship System Based on High-Frequency Injection." Electronics 9, no. 2 (2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020276.
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To improve the operating performance of electric propulsion ships, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is commonly used as the propulsion motor. Additionally, position estimation without sensors can further improve the application range of the propulsion motor and the estimated results can represent the redundancy of measured values from mechanical sensors. In this paper, the high-frequency (HF) injection algorithm combined with the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) is presented on the basis of analyzing the structure of the electric propulsion ship and the vector control of the motors. The position and rotor speed were estimated accurately by the approximate calculation of q-axis currents directly related to the rotor position. Moreover, the harmonics in the estimated position were effectively reduced by the introduction of the second-order generalized integrator. Then, the rotor position estimation algorithm was verified in MATLAB/Simulink by choosing different low speeds including speed reversal, increasing speed, and increasing load torque. Finally, the correctness of the proposed improved high-frequency injection algorithm based on the second-order generalized integrator was verified by the experimental propulsion permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system at low speed.
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Cui, Shumei, Tianxu Zhao, Bochao Du, and Yuan Cheng. "Multiphase PMSM with Asymmetric Windings for Electric Drive." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 3765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153765.
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Multiphase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely utilized in high power and high reliability electric propulsion systems. In electric propulsion systems, the motor may work at a low efficiency area for a long time, which increases energy consumption and reduces cruise range. In order to improve motor efficiency, this paper proposes a multiphase motor structure. The stator winding of proposed motor consists of three independent windings that have different rated speed and torque. In this paper, winding match mode, operation characteristic and efficiency characteristic are analyzed, and a torque distribution strategy with optimal efficiency is given. The results show that in propeller load such as electric aircrafts and ships, the proposed motor can reduce motor total loss and temperature rise in a drive cycle, which improves system efficiency, reliability and fault tolerance performance.
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Sharke, Paul. "Little Big El-Mo." Mechanical Engineering 123, no. 10 (2001): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2001-oct-1.
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This article reviews the arrival of commercial high-temperature superconducting (HTS) motors in the market. American Superconductor is concentrating its motor efforts on ship propulsion. The company has a contract with the US Navy’s Office of Naval Research to design and develop propulsion motors up to 33,500 hp. The big advantage of a superconducting motor aboard a ship is its small size, which frees up valuable square footage in the hull for the many other components needed in battle. Because superconducting motors will be about half the weight of their conventional counterparts, the efficiencies an assembly line brings to manufacturing suddenly open for many of them. Lighter, smaller designs also will translate to time saved in testing. Many of the technologies used in the 200-hp machine transferred to the 1000-hp unit, and many new techniques developed as well.
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Kuźniar, Michał, and Marek Orkisz. "Analysis of the Application of Distributed Propulsion to the AOS H2 Motor Glider." Journal of KONES 26, no. 2 (2019): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0036.
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Abstract The paper describes the selection of a distributed propulsion for the AOS H2 motor glider (selection of engines, their number, and propellers) and determination of its performance. This analysis is related to the research conducted on environment friendly and hybrid propulsions in various research centres. The main aim of the analyses conducted is to increase the performance of vehicles powered by electric motors. The batteries have a low density of energy, i.e. the ratio of mass to cumulated energy. Instead of a battery set, it is possible to apply a hybrid-electric system, where the combustion engine works as a generator or an electric-hydrogen generator, where the hydrogen cell supports a small set of batteries. One of such flying vehicles, fitting in this trend, is the AOS H2 motor glider built at the Rzeszow University of Technology in cooperation with other universities. It is a hybrid aircraft, equipped with a hydrogen cell, which together with a set of batteries is a source of electricity for the Emrax 268 electric motor. To increase the vehicle's performance (the range and flight duration), it is possible to use a distributed propulsion. This type of propulsion consists in placing many electric motors along the wingspan of the aircraft. Appropriate design of such a system (propeller diameters, engine power, number of engines) can improve the aerodynamic and performance parameters of the airframe. An analysis of the performance for the selected flight trajectory for this propulsion variant was conducted and compared to the performance of the AOS H2 motor glider equipped with traditional propulsion. The consumption of hydrogen was also determined for both systems. The results obtained were presented in the diagrams and discussed in the conclusions.
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Urbina Coronado, Pedro Daniel, and Horacio Ahuett-Garza. "Control Strategy for Power Distribution in Dual Motor Propulsion System for Electric Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/814307.
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Electric Vehicles with more than one electric motor can offer advantages in saving energy from the batteries. In order to do that, the control strategy plays an important role in distributing the required torque between the electric motors. A dual motor propulsion system with a differential transmission is simulated in this work. A rule based control strategy for this propulsion system is proposed and analyzed. Two parameters related to the output speed of the transmission and the required torque are used to switch the two modes of operation in which the propulsion system can work under acceleration. The effect of these parameters is presented over the driving cycles of NEDC, UDDS, and NYCC, which are followed using a PID controller. The produced energy losses are calculated as well as an indicator of drivability, which is related to the difference between the desired speed and the actual speed obtained. The results show that less energy losses are present when the vehicle is maintained with one electric motor most of the time, switching only when the extended speed granted by the second motor is required. The propulsion system with the proposed control strategy represents a feasible alternative in the spectrum of sustainable transportation architectures with extending range capabilities.
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Dahms, Julius, and Andreas Bardenhagen. "Propulsion model for (hybrid) unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 2 (2019): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0033.
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Purpose This paper deals with the estimation of the necessary masses of propulsion components for multirotor UAS. Originally, within the design process of multirotors, this is an iterative problem, as the propulsion masses contribute to the total takeoff mass. Hence, they influence themselves and cannot be directly calculated. The paper aims to estimate the needed propulsion masses with respect to the requested thrust because of payload, airframe weight and drag forces and with respect to the requested flight time. Design/methodology/approach Analogue to the well-established design synthesis of airplanes, statistical data of existing electrical motors, propellers and rechargeable batteries are evaluated and analyzed. Applying Rankine and Froude’s momentum theory and a generic model for electro motor efficiency factors on the statistical performance data provides correlations between requested performance and, therefore, needed propulsion masses. These correlations are evaluated and analyzed in the scope of buoyant-vertical-thrusted hybrid UAS. Findings This paper provides a generic mathematical propulsion model. For given payloads, airframe structure weights and a requested flight time, appropriate motor, propeller and battery masses can be modelled that will provide appropriate thrust to lift payload, airframe and the propulsion unit itself over a requested flight time. Research limitations/implications The model takes into account a number of motors of four and is valid for the category of nano and small UAS. Practical implications The presented propulsion model enables a full numerical design process for vertical thrusted UAS. Hence, it is the precondition for design optimization and more efficient UAS. Originality/value The propulsion model is unique and it is valid for pure multirotor as well as for hybrid UAS too.
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CHIESA, Sergio, Marco FIORITI, and Roberta FUSARO. "POSSIBLE HYBRID PROPULSION CONFIGURATION FOR TRANSPORT JET AIRCRAFT." Aviation 20, no. 3 (2016): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2016.1200849.
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This research is aimed at studying the possible advantages of installing, for a hybrid propulsion aircraft, electric motors and related propellers into the dedicated supplementary nacelles. This innovative solution is different from the configuration, already studied for a regional turboprop (Chiesa et al.2013), in which the electric motors are in the same nacelles of the internal combustion engines. As it has been expected, it offers the advantages of avoiding mechanical links between the two units and, more importantly, can also be applied to jet aircraft. In fact, the main contribution of electric motors is expected during ground operations, take-off and descent phases (i.e. at low speed), in which it can be useful to integrate the propellers or even substitute the jet engines with them. At high speed, the propellers, of course, are configured in order to reduce drag. When considering the design of a new airliner concept, a preliminary design study is necessary to optimize the location of the supplementary nacelles. The nacelles, which only hold the electrical motor, can also be considered retractable, as is usual for a RAT (Ram Air Turbine). Please note that in the hybrid propulsion context, the RAT function can be clearly allocated to the electric motor, with the advantages of optimizing drag at high speed, taking into account installation problems.
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Kaul, Stefan, Paul Mertes, and Lutz Müller. "Application-optimised propulsion systems for energy-efficient operation." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 5, no. 9 (2011): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.53.
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Today, optimal propellers are designed by using advanced numerical methods. Major revolutionary improvements cannot be expected. More essential are the design conditions and the optimal adaptation of the propulsion system according to the operational requirements. The selection and optimisation of the propulsion system based on a systematic analysis of the ship’s requirements and the operation profile are the prerequisites for reliable and energy-efficient propulsion. Solutions are presented, which accommodate these issues with a focus on steerable rudderpropellers. Considerations include the efficiency potential of the propulsor itself, optimisation of the engine propeller interaction, and optimisation of a demandresponsive energy supply. The propeller-thruster interaction is complex, but offers some potential for optimisation. Results of examinations show this. The power distribution between multiple propellers at high loads of limited propeller diameters increases the efficiency. This can be done by double-propeller systems like the SCHOTTEL TwinPropeller or by distributing the power on several thrusters. This distributed propulsion offers economic operation and an increased lifetime by means of the demandresponsive use of energy. An efficiency-optimized electric motor instead of the upper gear box reduces the mechanical losses in the case of diesel-electric propulsion. An example: the SCHOTTEL CombiDrive.
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Lu, Xiaolong, Zhiwen Wang, Hui Shen, et al. "A Novel Dual-Rotor Ultrasonic Motor for Underwater Propulsion." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010031.
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Micro underwater vehicles (MUVs) have been highlighted recently for underwater explorations because of their high maneuverability, low price, great flexibility, etc. The thrusters of most conventional MUVs are driven by electromagnetic motors, which need big mechanical transmission parts and are prone to being interrupted by the variance of ambient electromagnetic fields. In this paper, a novel dual-rotor ultrasonic motor with double output shafts, compact size, and no electromagnetic interference is presented, characterized, and applied for actuating underwater robots. This motor was composed of a spindle-shaped stator, pre-pressure modulation unit, and dual rotors, which can output two simultaneous rotations to increase the propulsion force of the MUV. The pre-pressure modulation unit utilized a torsion spring to adjust the preload at the contact faces between the stator and rotor. The working principle of the ultrasonic motor was developed and the vibration mode of the stator was analyzed by the finite element method. Experimental results show that the no-load rotary speed and stalling torque of the prototype ultrasonic motor were 110 r/min and 3 mN·m, respectively, with 150 V peak-to-peak driving voltage at resonance. One underwater robot model equipped with the proposed ultrasonic motor-powered thruster could move at 33 mm/s immersed in water. The dual-rotor ultrasonic motor proposed here provides another alternative for driving MUVs and is appropriate for developing specific MUVs when the electromagnetic interference issue needs to be considered.
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Patlolla, Sai Vamshi. "Modelling of Brushless DC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicle Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 2249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35475.
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In Electric vehicle, motor plays a significant role. In wheel, motor improves the efficiency and safety of high-performance Electric vehicle. There are a lot of motors available in market, out of all considering their advantages and disadvantages Brushless DC motor is chosen as an efficient motor for Electric vehicle propulsion. The reason behind to choose BLDC motor is because of its desired torque vs speed characteristics, cost of maintenance is low, efficiency is high and has high power density. In this model simulation of an accurate and precise BLDC drive for Electric vehicle application is done and Simulation results such as speed, Electromechanical torque, and various phase voltages graphs are obtained.
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Di Noia, Luigi Pio, Luigi Piegari, and Renato Rizzo. "Optimization Methodology of PMSM Cooled by External Convection in Aircraft Propulsion." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 3975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153975.
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Nowadays, the reduction of aircraft emissions is one of the industrial targets with a horizon time until 2050. The recent progresses in electrical drives give the opportunity to modify the aircraft propulsion based on thermal engine or gas turbine to a hybrid/full electric one. Some problems must be solved: weight, reliability, and the choice of the best configuration for the electric propulsion. One of the most important aspects to solve is the thermal behavior of power converters and electric motors. This paper proposes an optimization procedure for the design of surface permanent magnet motors used for the aircraft propulsion: the aim of the paper is to investigate the possibility of cooling the motor with only the air flow due to the aircraft speed. The optimization procedure has been solved with the integration of analytical model and finite element analysis and using a differential evolution algorithm.
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Facinelli, William A., and David Muggeridge. "Integrated System Analysis and Design of Podded Ship Propulsors." Marine Technology and SNAME News 35, no. 03 (1998): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1998.35.3.151.
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AlliedSignal has studied podded propulsion for surface combatants for the US Navy under a contract sponsored by DARPA. The integrated system analysis included mathematical models for the main components of a podded propulsor. The models addressed both performance and cost. Components modeled included the propulsor itself (single propeller, ducted propeller, etc.), bearings, coupling, gearbox, motor, and azimuthing system. Simplified, approximate methods, especially for propulsor sizing and performance, were used. Other information in the literature and product data from leading vendors was used to size the components and to estimate their efficiencies. In other sections of the model, life-cycle fuel costs and costs of reliability were computed. The model was used to size and estimate the total costs for different configurations for four surface ships. A conceptual design for each vessel was selected, and three-dimensional CAD renderings of four pods were prepared. Sensitivity studies were run to show the effects of variations in fuel cost and in the relative efficiencies of propulsor types. Subsequent to the naval program data on a typical cruise ship were obtained and the spreadsheet model was applied to that platform.
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Cieślik, Wojciech, Ireneusz Pielecha, and Andrzej Szałek. "Assessment of parameters of the hybrid drive system in vehicles in urban traffic conditions." Combustion Engines 161, no. 2 (2015): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116887.
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Continuously increasing share of the hybrid and electric vehicles in the global automotive market justifies the need for detailed analysis of the operational effectiveness of these drive systems. The aim of the study was to assess the operational conditions of the combustion engines and electric motors in hybrid drive systems – full hybrid – of the motor vehicles in urban traffic conditions. Variety of designs of such drive systems is related to the high voltage batteries used and the way of charging them. The road tests were conducted in Warsaw (urban traffic conditions) by recording the operational parameters of three vehicles and their driving systems. The conditions of operation of the combustion engine and electric motors along with the values of their high voltage battery charge level were related to the test routes. The analysis of the relative shares of engine and motor operation time in the total time of vehicle operation in urban traffic conditions was conducted. The scope of operation of the hybrid drive system utilizing only electric propulsion system was determined. The relations between the operational indexes of the hybrid propulsion (combustion engine and electric motor) in real traffic conditions and the charge level of batteries, current speeds and accelerations were shown.
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Palka, Ryszard, and Konrad Woronowicz. "Linear Induction Motors in Transportation Systems." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092549.
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This paper provides an overview of the Linear Transportation System (LTS) and focuses on the application of a Linear Induction Motor (LIM) as a major constituent of LTS propulsion. Due to their physical characteristics, linear induction motors introduce many physical phenomena and design constraints that do not occur in the application of the rotary motor equivalent. The efficiency of the LIM is lower than that of the equivalent rotary machine, but, when the motors are compared as integrated constituents of the broader transportation system, the rotary motor’s efficiency advantage diminishes entirely. Against this background, several solutions to the problems still existing in the application of traction linear induction motors are presented based on the scientific research of the authors. Thus, solutions to the following problems are presented here: (a) development of new analytical solutions and finite element methods for LIM evaluation; (b) comparison between the analytical and numerical results, performed with commercial and self-developed software, showing an exceptionally good agreement; (c) self-developed LIM adaptive control methods; (d) LIM performance under voltage supply (non-symmetrical phase current values); (e) method for the power loss evaluation in the LIM reaction rail and the temperature rise prediction method of a traction LIM; and (f) discussion of the performance of the superconducting LIM. The addressed research topics have been chosen for their practical impact on the advancement of a LIM as the preferred urban transport propulsion motor.
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Rezaei, Hadi, and Mohammad Reza Soltani. "An analytical and experimental study of a hybrid rocket motor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 228, no. 13 (2014): 2475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410013519432.
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The hybrid rocket motor is a kind of chemical propulsion system that has been recently given serious attention by various industries and research centers. The relative simplicity, safety and low cost of this motor, in comparison with other chemical propulsion motors, are the most important reasons for such interest. Moreover, throttle-ability and thrust variability on demand are additional advantages of this type of motor. In this paper, the result of an internal ballistic simulation of hybrid rocket motor in a zero-dimensional form is presented. Further to validate the code, an experimental setup was designed and manufactured. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data and good agreement is achieved. The effect of various parameters on the motor performance and on the combustion products is also investigated. It is found that increasing the oxidizer flow rate, increases the pressure and specific impulse of the motor; however, the slope of the specific impulse for the high flow rate case reduces. In addition, by increasing the combustion chamber pressure, the specific impulse is increased considerably. The initial diameter of the fuel port does not have significant effect on the pressure chamber and on the specific impulse. Addition of a percentage of an oxidizer like ammonium perchlorate to the fuel increases the specific impulse linearly.
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Grilli, Francesco, Tara Benkel, Jens H¨anisch, et al. "Superconducting motors for aircraft propulsion: the Advanced Superconducting Motor Experimental Demonstrator project." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1590 (July 2020): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1590/1/012051.
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Nadhilah, Muhammad Arif Budiyanto, Alif Hikmah Fikri, and Hanmah Ayuningtyas. "Study On The Application Of Thermoelectric Coolers Inside Unmanned Surface Vehicles." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 82, no. 1 (2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.82.1.1220.
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The development of unmanned surface vehicles for military and commercial needs is increasing as the development of autonomous control systems. The farther the operation range of unmanned surface vehicles makes the propulsion motor generated heat and decreased the performance of the vehicle. This study aims to analyze the application of a thermoelectric cooler to decrease the temperature of the electric motors as a propulsion system on the unmanned surface vehicle. The research was carried out by prototyping the thermoelectric cooler 12V and tested at the prototype of unmanned surface vehicles with a length overall 1.5 m. The results showed the application of a thermoelectric cooler potentially effective to decrease the electric motor temperature by as much as 26.3 ?C by neglect the heat loss due to convection. The results of this study contributed to the development of reliable unmanned surface vehicles.
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Zhan, Ke Yi, Hai Bo Gao, and Fei Fei Chi. "Simulation Research of Direct Torque Control for Marine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 858–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.858.
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The permanent magnet synchronous motors are more and more popular in marine electric propulsion field. Aiming to solve the problem of large torque ripple in traditional DTC system, this paper introduces the principle of space vector modulation and builds the electric propulsion system models based on direct torque control for permanent magnet synchronous motor in Simulink. Typical working condition experiments are designed to contrast the performances between traditional DTC and SVM-DTC. Simulation result proves that SVM-DTC can reduce ripples of both electromagnetic torque and stator flux effectively with the same dynamic response character as traditional DTC system.
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Paolucci, Libero, Emanuele Grasso, Francesco Grasso, et al. "Development and testing of an efficient and cost-effective underwater propulsion system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 233, no. 10 (2019): 1309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651819829627.
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Underwater vehicle propulsion performed by exploiting electrical motor is in general the most flexible solution and it is growing in popularity because of its high efficiency both at high and at low advance speed, quick and simple deployment, low costs, and encumbrance. In the present work, permanent magnet synchronous motors for underwater propulsion are proposed. In particular, advanced sensorless control techniques of permanent magnet synchronous motors permit reduced costs, high reliability, and performances. When dealing with small autonomous underwater vehicle propulsion, such devices are hard to find in the market. Hence, the authors focused the research in the development of a system able to perform a reliable rotational speed and torque sensorless estimation. The design and implementation of a complete solution for underwater propulsion are presented as well as a novel rotor polarity identification technique exploiting a high-frequency injection control. Pool tests for the identification of the performances and of the dynamic parameters of the propulsion system are presented. Finally, the possibility of operating a sensorless estimation of the thrust and torque exerted by the propeller and pool test measurements are presented. These features could be exploited to improve navigation accuracy and involves obvious benefits in terms of cost reduction and reliability of the system.
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Arqué, Xavier, Xavier Andrés, Rafael Mestre, et al. "Ionic Species Affect the Self-Propulsion of Urease-Powered Micromotors." Research 2020 (July 27, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/2424972.
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Enzyme-powered motors self-propel through the catalysis of in situ bioavailable fuels, which makes them excellent candidates for biomedical applications. However, fundamental issues like their motion in biological fluids and the understanding of the propulsion mechanism are critical aspects to be tackled before a future application in biomedicine. Herein, we investigated the physicochemical effects of ionic species on the self-propulsion of urease-powered micromotors. Results showed that the presence of PBS, NaOH, NaCl, and HEPES reduced self-propulsion of urease-powered micromotors pointing towards ion-dependent mechanisms of motion. We studied the 3D motion of urease micromotors using digital holographic microscopy to rule out any motor-surface interaction as the cause of motion decay when salts are present in the media. In order to protect and minimize the negative effect of ionic species on micromotors’ performance, we coated the motors with methoxypolyethylene glycol amine (mPEG) showing higher speed compared to noncoated motors at intermediate ionic concentrations. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of urease-powered micromotors, study the effect of ionic media, and contribute with potential solutions to mitigate the reduction of mobility of enzyme-powered micromotors.
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Heydari, Mohammad Mahdi, and Nooredin Ghadiri Massoom. "Experimental Study of the Swirling Oxidizer Flow in HTPB/N2O Hybrid Rocket Motor." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3174140.
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Effects of swirling oxidizer flow on the performance of a HTPB/N2O Hybrid rocket motor were studied. A hybrid propulsion laboratory has been developed, to characterize internal ballistics characteristics of swirl flow hybrid motors and to define the operating parameters, like fuel regression rate, specific impulse, and characteristics velocity and combustion efficiency. Primitive variables, like pressure, thrust, temperature, and the oxidizer mass flow rate, were logged. A modular motor with 70 mm outer diameter and variable chamber length is designed for experimental analysis. The injector module has four tangential injectors and one axial injector. Liquid nitrous oxide (N2O) as an oxidizer is injected at the head of combustion chamber into the motor. The feed system uses pressurized air as the pressurant. Two sets of tests have been performed. Some tests with axial and tangential oxidizer injection and a test with axial oxidizer injection were done. The test results show that the fuel grain regression rate has been improved by applying tangential oxidizer injection at the head of the motor. Besides, it was seen that combustion efficiency of motors with the swirl flow was about 10 percent more than motors with axial flow.
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Yang, Yi, Wei Wang, Daisuke Iwakura, Akio Namiki, and Kenzo Nonami. "Sliding Mode Control for Hexacopter Stabilization with Motor Failure." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 6 (2016): 936–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0936.
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[abstFig src='/00280006/18.jpg' width='300' text='Hovering with 5 rotors' ] This study presents a fault-tolerance approach for hexacopters with failed propulsion systems (i.e., motors and propellers) using sliding mode control theory. In this study, we use an explicit control allocation method with linear constraints for allocating the control input to redundancy actuators, as well as a new sliding model controller designed to stabilize the attitude and maintain the basic flight performance of a vehicle with a single failed motor during an outdoor autonomous flight mission. An asymmetrical motor rotation arrangement is applied in order to ensure controllability for all degrees of freedom. We verify the developed system on a real hexacopter suffering propulsion-system failure. Finally, the comparative results between the linear-quadratic-integral controller and model reference sliding mode controller are presented to evaluate the robustness of each controller against the failure of redundancy actuators.
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Jeong, Jinseok, Hayoung Shi, Kichang Lee, and Beomsoo Kang. "Improvement of Electric Propulsion System Model for Performance Analysis of Large-Size Multicopter UAVs." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (2020): 8080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228080.
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In this study, an improved model of the electric propulsion system is proposed in order to analyze the performance of large-size multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles. The main improvement of the proposed model is to reflect the armature reaction of the motor, which effectively explains the significant performance degradation in high-power operation. The armature reaction is a phenomenon, in which the main field flux is interfered by a magnetic flux and, as the size and output of the motor increase, the effect of armature reaction also rapidly increases. Therefore, the armature reaction must be considered for the optimal design and performance analysis of large-size multicopter platforms. The model proposed in this study includes several mathematical models for propellers, motors, electric speed controllers, and batteries, which are key components of the electric propulsion system, and they can calculate key performance data, such as thrust and torque and power consumption, according to given product specifications and input conditions. However, estimates of the armature reaction constants and heat profiles of motors need to be obtained in advance through experimental methods, since there is not yet enough data available in order to derive an estimation model. In conclusion, a comparison with the static thrust test of some commercial products confirmed that the proposed model could predict performance in the high-power operation of electric propulsion systems for large multicopter platforms, although some errors were noted.
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Gururaj, G., and K. S. Gowri. "Performance Optimization of an eCAR by Parametric Analysis." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 6 (2019): 4968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3139.
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In this paper, a method for performance optimization of an electric Car (eCAR) is proposed based on acceleration rate, maximum speed, and tractive force. Since the total tractive force is exerted by propulsion motor alone, the driving performance of an eCAR depends on the power of the propulsion motor and its control. The proposed pre-sizing methodology depicts the optimum power of the propulsion motor, and for the optimized motor the impact of road dynamics, acceleration rate, change in mass, and gear ratio on the eCAR’s drive range are analyzed. The proposed electric propulsion system is modeled and the performance characteristics are analyzed using MATLAB to validate the behavior of an eCAR propulsion.
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ORKISZ, Marek, Piotr WYGONIK, Michał KUŹNIAR, and Maciej KALWARA. "Analysis of the possibility of using an engine with a rotating piston as the propulsion of an electric generator in application to a motor glider propulsion." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (2019): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-346.
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Analysis of the possibility of using an engine with a rotating piston as the propulsion of an electric generator in application to a motor glider propulsion The paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of application of a rotating piston engine (Wankel type) as a propulsion for an electric generator in the motor glider propulsion system. This generator would be a part of the propulsion system of a hybrid motor glider using the AOS 71 motor glider airframe. In the research, the rotational characteristics of the LCR 407ti engine were determined experimentally. Driving torque run, power and fuel consumption were determined as a function of engine speed. The obtained results are presented in diagrams. The conceptual diagram of the hybrid drive is presented. The current generator was selected and the effectiveness of the generator and the entire propulsion were assessed from the motor gliders performance point of view. On the basis of the conducted research, conclusions were drawn and there were indicated the objectives and directions of further research on hybrid propulsion with specific aerodynamic and mass limitations of the aircraft
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Zakaria, Siti Nur Umira, and Erwan Sulaiman. "Optimization of 6S-14P E-Core Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.770.
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Research on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) which combined battery based electric motor and conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) have been intensively increased since the last decade due to their promising solution that can reduce global warming. Some examples of electric motors designed for HEV propulsion system at present are dc motor, induction motor (IM), interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) and switched reluctance motor (SRM). Although IPMSMs are considered to be one of the successful electric motor used in HEVs, several limitations such as distributed armature windings, un-control permanent magnet (PM) flux and higher rotor mechanical stress should be resolved. In this paper, design improvement of E-Core hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applications are presented. With concentrated armature and field excitation coil (FEC) windings, variable flux capability and robust rotor structure, performances of initial and improved 6S-14PE-Core HEFSM are analyzed. The improved topology has achieved highest torque and power of 246.557Nm and 187.302 kW, respectively.
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Rajput, Shailendra, Eliyahu Farber, and Moshe Averbukh. "Optimal Selection of Asynchronous Motor-Gearhead Couple Fed by VFD for Electrified Vehicle Propulsion." Energies 14, no. 14 (2021): 4346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144346.
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Widespread applications of AC motors fed by variable frequency drives in electrified vehicles have become a conventional technical solution. The flexibility of control, low cost, and high energy efficiency attract developers and engineers to apply these appliances in cars, railway trains, trams, etc. The distinctive characteristic of vehicles is a wide range of required rotation speed and torque. This circumstance means that the problems of the AC motor (nominal power, synchronous speed) and gearbox (transmission ratio) become non-trivial and necessitate optimal selection to ensure the best functionality of the entire driving system. This study proposes an approach for the optimal choice of a specific AC motor (nominal rating, synchronous speed) and the transmission ratio of the gearbox by analyzing the entire system’s losses. The optimal selection of an AC motor ensures maximum energy efficiency for a specific transportation driving cycle.
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Yamamoto, Y., T. Koseki, and Y. Aoyama. "Proposal of C-core Type Transverse Flux Motor for Ship Propulsion – Increasing Torque Density by Dense Stator Configuration –." Advanced Electromagnetics 2, no. 3 (2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v2i3.198.
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Electric ship propulsion system has been drawing attention as a solution for savings in energy and maintenance costs. The system is mainly composed of motor, converter and gearbox and required for high torque at low speed. In this situation, transverse flux motors (TFMs) have been proposed to fulfill the low-speed high-torque characteristic due to suitable for short pole pitch and large number of poles to increase torque output. In this trend, we have proposed C-core type motors taking advantage of TFMs’ structure. In this manuscript, a simple design method based on the magnetic-circuit theory and simple modeling of the motor is proposed to search a design parameter for maximizing torque as a pre-process of numerical study. The method takes into consideration the effects of magnetic leakage flux, magnetic saturation and pole-core combination in accordance with the systematic theory. The simple modeling is conducted based on a dense armature structure in previous axial flux motors (AFMs) applied to the new motor design. The validity of the method is verified by 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) and relative error is at most 20%. The minimalist design is shown to be advantageous for effective use in 3-D FEA. As a detailed design by the FEA, high torque density and low cogging to output ratio can be achieved simultaneously in the proposed machine.
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Shklyaev, Sergey, John F. Brady, and Ubaldo M. Córdova-Figueroa. "Non-spherical osmotic motor: chemical sailing." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 748 (May 1, 2014): 488–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.177.
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AbstractThe behaviour of a non-spherical osmotic motor – an axisymmetric catalytic particle self-propelling in a dilute dispersion of reactant particles – is considered. In contrast to a conventional osmotic motor that creates differences in concentration, and hence in osmotic pressure, due to asymmetry in reaction rate along its surface (e.g. a Janus particle with reactive and non-reactive patches), a non-spherical particle is able to move even with uniform chemical activity on its surface. For small departures from a sphere the velocity of self-propulsion is proportional to the square of the non-sphericity or distortion of the particle shape. It is shown that the inclusion of hydrodynamic interactions (HI) may drastically change the self-propulsion. Except for very slow chemical reactions, even the direction of self-propulsion changes with and without HI. Numerical calculations at finite non-sphericity suggest that the maximum velocity of self-propulsion is obtained by a sail-like motor shape, leading to the name ‘chemical sailing’. Moreover, no saturation in the speed of propulsion is found; the motor velocity increases as the area of this ‘sail’ grows and its thickness decreases. The self-propulsion of a non-spherical particle releasing products of a chemical reaction – a constant flux motor – is also considered.
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BROWN, D. W., J. R. REPP, and O. S. TAYLOR. "Submersible Outboard Electric Motor/Propulsor." Naval Engineers Journal 101, no. 5 (1989): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1989.tb00864.x.
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Okada, Takeshi, Takashi Kosaka, Hiroaki Matsumori, and Nobuyuki Matsui. "Comparative Study on Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motors without and with Variably Magnetizable Permanent Magnets for Electrified Vehicle Propulsion." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 2 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12020058.
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A demand for high efficiency traction motors has been accelerated by the promotion of electrified vehicles, such as battery and fuel cell electric vehicles. As a part of development of the high efficiency traction motor, this paper reports a comparative study on two kinds of hybrid excitation flux switching motors (HEFSM) as a variable flux machine. One is the conventional HEFSM, which consists of a stator with constantly magnetized-permanent magnets, field excitation coils (FECs) and three-phase armature windings, and a rotor with salient poles like a switched reluctance motor. The other is a HEFSM employing variably magnetizable-permanent magnets (VM-PMs) that replace a part in the FEC slot area in the conventional one. Based on the variable magnetization nature of VM-PMs, the latter HEFSM promises that the replacement of magnetomotive force (mmf) of FECs with that of the VM-PMs makes the motor efficiency better at both low- and high-speed under the low-torque condition, that is, at both urban driving or highway cruising. To verify that, finite element analysis- (FEA)-based design simulations, as well as experimental performance evaluations for the two kinds of HEFSM, were conducted under reasonable dimensional and electrical constraints. As a result, it is shown that the latter HEFSM can achieve higher motor efficiency at the low-torque and high-speed region while keeping the motor efficiency at the low-torque and low-speed region.
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Gholamian, Seyed Asghar, and Hamid Reza Gholinejad. "A DIFFERENT APPROACH IN OPTIMUM DESIGN PROCESS AND FEA VALIDATION OF LOW-SPEED MULTI-PHASE IPMSMS." IIUM Engineering Journal 18, no. 1 (2017): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i1.687.
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Magnets placement effects on permanent magnet motors performance, because of its different magnetic flux density distribution. Therefore, different types of magnet placement should be examined experimentally or by valid simulations. In this paper, first, an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) called spoke type with specifications related to the propulsion of ships is designed and then optimized by ant colony algorithm to increase the torque-to-volume ratio. The design procedure and its formulas presented as simple as possible. Then, to verify the optimization results of the optimized motor, a Two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is done. Also in this analyze the core and the slot saturation was studied.
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Wang, Hong, and Feng Chun Sun. "Dynamic Modeling and Simulation on a Hybrid Power System for Dual-Motor-Drive Electric Tracked Bulldozer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.229.
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Hybrid power systems provide high-performances and high-efficiency power for electric bulldozer. This paper firstly constructs the mathematical model of driving motors system based on the design of dual-motor-driving propulsion system for bulldozer. Secondly, by using the setting values from a bulldozer, simulation work is implemented, and parameters of the hybrid power system are matched, and finally, based on MATLAB/Simulink ,dynamic models for the dual-motor-driving hybrid power system is established, and the simulation results are discussed. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the hybrid power system model and the matching of the parameters of the hybrid power system is reasonable.
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Xiao, Neng Qi, Ri Ping Zhou, and Xi Chen Lin. "Research on Marine Electric Propulsion Shafting under Electromechanical Coupling Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.477.
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Through the establishment of motor electromechanical coupling vibration model, torsional vibration characteristics of motor is analyzed in starting process. With 1000T lubricating oil ship electric propulsion shafting as the object of study, the free vibration and the forced vibration characteristics are analyzed. In two cases of considering the electromagnetic excitation torque and without considering the electromagnetic excitation torque, the responded vibration of electric propulsion shafting is calculated. The low noise design of the motor and propulsion shafting provides a theoretical basis.
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Kamiński, Bartłomiej, Marcin Nikoniuk, and Łukasz Drązikowski. "A concept of propulsion and power supply systems for PRT vehicles." Archives of Transport 27-28, no. 3-4 (2013): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0004.0110.
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An innovative propulsion and power supply topology for Personal Rapid Transit is presented. The concept is based on application of linear induction motor for propulsion and hybrid power supply using Contactless Energy Transfer supported by a supercapacitor energy storage. Proposed solution is based on the application of linear induction motor as a propulsion and inductive contactless energy transfer.
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Su, Chun Lien, and Ruei Hung Weng. "A Novel Control Model for Electric Propulsion Systems in All-Electric Ships." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 2541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.2541.
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In recent sea and undersea vehicles, implementation of all-electric ships (e-ships) technologies that employ various types of semiconductor switching devices based power conversion modules has brought revolution. These power converters that are nonlinear loads can produce non-sinusoidal distorted currents and these currents are then delivered and broadcasted through the power network and thus bus voltages are distorted. This effect can be more obvious while large loads fed and controlled through power conversion modules, such as electric propulsion system, operate for different purposes of missions. In order to improve the harmonic distortion due to operation of electric propulsion systems, a novel control model for electric propulsion motors is proposed in this paper. The electric motor drivers are controlled through three inverter triggering signals including pulse width modulation (PWM), Quasi-Six Step, and Six-Step for different ship navigation scenarios. Simulation results of application of the proposed model to a practical ship with electric propulsion system are presented. Test results have demonstrated that with the proposed model the harmonic distortions produced by electric propulsion systems under different speed situations can be effectively mitigated and consequently the system supply quality is maintained.
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Cao, Wenping, Abid Ali Shah Bukhari, and Lassi Aarniovuori. "Review of Electrical Motor Drives for Electric Vehicle Applications." July 2019 38, no. 3 (2019): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.01.
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EVs (Electric Vehicles) have been rejuvenated over the last decades while the motor drive technologies are still evolving. This paper provides a review of electrical motor drive technologies used in EV applications, with a performance comparison of candidate machines and their drive topologies. EV applications demand high efficiency, high torque density, high reliability, and wide speed range while reducing weight, complexity, total costs and environmental impact. In the literature, DC (Direct Current) motors, IMs (Induction Motors) and PM (Permanent Magnet) motors can be generally found in marketplace whilst RMs (Reluctance Motors) have been researched for some time and are nearing commercial availability. This paper evaluates the performance of these four main types of electrical motor drives for EV propulsion applications using analytical methods. PM motors may offer the best performance in terms of torque density and compactness but the cost is the highest (primarily dominated by rare-earth permanent magnets), limiting their widespread application in mass production EVs. DC motors have their own merits but suffer from limited power density and necessity for maintenance. Induction motor drives are a mature and proven technology. In particular, squirrel-cage IMs are robust, reliable and inexpensive, striking a balance between system cost and complexity, power density and extended speed range. Reluctance motors can provide a good torque density and cost effective EV drive solutions. Their drawbacks can also be overcome by the use of power electronic converters and advanced control strategies. Induction and reluctance motor drives are well suited for cost sensitive mass production EV applications. Looking to the future, increased hybridization may be a way forward in industry which combines attractive features of different electrical machines and control algorithms and still offer much promise in performance and total cost. At last, reliability study on EVs requires historical information and driving patterns, demanding research expertise in eco-sociology, human behaviors as well as human-machine interface.
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Santos, L. M. C., L. A. R. Almeida, A. M. Fraga, and C. A. G. Veras. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A PARAFFIN BASED HYBRID ROCKET." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 5, no. 1 (2006): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v5i1.61658.
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Hybrid rockets are known to be simpler, safer, environmentally friend, and, more importantly, cheaper than most of the technologies for propulsion devices used today. Hybrid rockets can be applied as the propulsion system in satellites launch vehicles, micro-satellites and tactical missiles. This paper deals with combustion of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and paraffin as the solid fuels burning with gaseous oxygen (GOX) as well as N O as the oxidizer in lab scale hybrid rocket motors. A test 2 stand was built to carry out the experiments. The main objectives were to investigate the ignition of the solid fuels, burning performance and regression rates for different operating conditions. With paraffin-based fuel the hybrid motor had the regression rate enhanced two to three folds compared to the UHMWPE, as reported in the literature. The overall performance of the motor, with paraffin as the fuel, is comparable to other technologies. Paraffin-based hybrid rockets can, then, be a safer and cheaper alternative to satellite launch vehicles for the Brazilian space program.
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Nan, Beiyan, Jigar N. Bandaria, Kathy Y. Guo, et al. "The polarity of myxobacterial gliding is regulated by direct interactions between the gliding motors and the Ras homolog MglA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 2 (2014): E186—E193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421073112.
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Gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus is powered by flagella stator homologs that move in helical trajectories using proton motive force. The Frz chemosensory pathway regulates the cell polarity axis through MglA, a Ras family GTPase; however, little is known about how MglA establishes the polarity of gliding, because the gliding motors move simultaneously in opposite directions. Here we examined the localization and dynamics of MglA and gliding motors in high spatial and time resolution. We determined that MglA localizes not only at the cell poles, but also along the cell bodies, forming a decreasing concentration gradient toward the lagging cell pole. MglA directly interacts with the motor protein AglR, and the spatial distribution of AglR reversals is positively correlated with the MglA gradient. Thus, the motors moving toward lagging cell poles are less likely to reverse, generating stronger forward propulsion. MglB, the GTPase-activating protein of MglA, regulates motor reversal by maintaining the MglA gradient. Our results suggest a mechanism whereby bacteria use Ras family proteins to modulate cellular polarity.
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Nagy, Andras. "Electric aircraft - present and future." Production Engineering Archives 23, no. 23 (2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.23.06.
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Abstract In this paper, an outlook about the present of electrical aviation is given. The relatively small energy density of current battery technologies is adequate to build usable electric car, but not suitable for electric aircraft. Because of the very limited amount of energy available on-board, a couple of percent in efficiency can give significant increase in range and flight time, hence the development of more efficient propulsion system and E-motor is as important as the development of battery technologies. Current research results at the University of Dunaujvaros show, that building E-motors from amorphous materials is possible, and can easily increase the efficiency of high speed E-motors.
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Heggo, Mohammad, Anees Mohammed, Juan Melecio, et al. "The Operation of UAV Propulsion Motors in the Presence of High External Magnetic Fields." Robotics 10, no. 2 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020079.
Full textAbstract:
The operation and maintenance of converter stations (also known as valve halls) in high voltage DC (HVDC) grids is a key element in long-term, reliable and stable operation, especially in inherently adverse offshore environments. However, the nature of the electromagnetic field environment inside HVDC valve halls presents a challenge for the operation of traditional off-shelf inspection robots. In this paper, the impact of the external magnetic field on the operation of an inspection UAV’s propulsion motors is assessed. An experimental method is proposed to simulate the maximum magnetic field interference to off-shelf UAV motors, which can be used to identify their suitability for use in HVDC valve halls inspection robots. The paper’s experimental results compare the performance of direct torque control and field-oriented control algorithms for propulsion motors under the influence of external magnetic flux. Under the influence of a 177 mT external magnetic field, it was found that using direct torque control, the motor rotational velocity steady-state error was up to 55%. With field-oriented control, the steady-state error was 0%, however the peak-to-peak current draw increased by up to 567%.