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Journal articles on the topic 'Motor developmental coordination disorder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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Papáček, Ondřej, and Jaroslav Opavský. "Developmental coordination disorder and motor learning." Rehabilitace a fyzikální lékařství 29, no. 1 (2022): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccrhfl202236.

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Baxter, Peter. "Developmental coordination disorder and motor dyspraxia." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 54, no. 1 (2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04196.x.

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Soltanikouhbanani, Sakineh, and Somaye Zarenezhad. "The Effectiveness Perceptual Skills Rebuilding Program on Improving Motor Problem in Student With Developmental Coordination Disorder." Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 10, no. 4 (2021): 680–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sjrm.10.4.6.

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Background and Aims: Developmental coordination disorder is one of the most obvious deficiencies in the development of motor skills in primary school children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptual skills program on improving motor problems in children with developmental coordination disorders in elementary students. Methods: The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population includes all students (age range 7-9 years) in the city of Mashhad who had referred to rehabilitation centers in this city in 1396 and their number was 40 people. After identifying students with developmental coordination disorder, 20 of them were randomly selected to receive training and trained for 16 sessions of 30 minutes. The instruments used in the study were Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire Version 7 for Parents (DCDQ-7), Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (short form) and Broninex-Ozertsky Motor Skills Test. Results: Analysis of statistical results showed that reconstruction of perceptual skills had a significant effect on the growth of perceptual-motor macro performance (P<0.001, F= 51.25 ) perceptual-motor equilibrium performance (P<0.001, F= 25.11). And fine motor perceptual function( P<0.001, F= 42.32) in children with developmental coordination disorder, and the results of the study indicate a significant effect of perceptual exercises on motor skills of subjects in the experimental group compared to the group. It was control. Conclusion: The present study showed that perceptual skills training can have useful and significant applications for improving motor problems in children with developmental coordination disorders and can provide various and valuable services for assessment, educational methods and treatment of these children.

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Djuric-Zdravkovic, Aleksandra, Maja Milovanovic, Djurdjica Cvorovic, and Aleksandra Pavlovic. "Developmental coordination disorder - clinical features and treatment options." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2024): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh240730081d.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is usually recognized after the age of five but may have lifelong motor, coordination, and cognition consequences. The criteria for setting a diagnosis refer to the presence of: performance of coordinated motor skills below that expected for chronological age, a deficit of motor skills that significantly and persistently interferes with activities of daily living, the onset of symptoms in an early developmental period, and a lack of motor skills that cannot be explained by intellectual disability or other neurological conditions that affect movement. This clinical picture is often comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and some other neurodevelopmental disorders. Prevailing DCD management includes task-oriented interventions as well as interventions focused on reducing impairment and improving physical function. The aim of the paper is to summarize typical DCD features related to diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology and comorbidities, as well as to present current management options.

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Parke, Elyse M., Nicholas S. Thaler, Lewis M. Etcoff, and Daniel N. Allen. "Intellectual Profiles in Children With ADHD and Comorbid Learning and Motor Disorders." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 9 (2015): 1227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715576343.

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Objective: Neurodevelopmental disorders, including Reading Disorder, Disorder of Written Expression, and Developmental Coordination Disorder, often co-occur with ADHD. Although research has identified increased functional impairment in the presence of these comorbid diagnoses, few direct comparisons of intellectual profiles have been conducted. Thus, the present study examined Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) profiles of children with ADHD alone and with comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Method: Participants included 296 children with ADHD, ADHD with Developmental Coordination Disorder, and ADHD with Reading Disorder and/or Disorder of Written Expression. Results: Comparisons of these groups suggests children with ADHD and language-based Learning Disorders have poorer working memory than children with only ADHD. Furthermore, children with ADHD and Developmental Coordination Disorder perform relatively better on verbal compared with perceptual reasoning indexes. Conclusion: These intellectual profiles may have utility in identifying cognitive weaknesses inherent to these disorders and may be used to guide treatment intervention.

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Janjić, Jovana, and Snežana Nikolić. "The relationship between phonological awareness and fine motor skills in younger school-age children." Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija 23, no. 4 (2024): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/specedreh23-48490.

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Introduction. Although the correlation between motor and language development has been analyzed through various studies, the correlation between phonological development and fine motor skills in younger school-age children has not been sufficiently investigated. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between phonological awareness and visuomotor coordination in younger school-age children. Methods. The study included 60 children attending the third grade of primary schools in Belgrade. Developmental coordination disorder was observed in 27 children, while 33 children were without this disorder. The Questionnaire for Developmental Coordination Disorder was used to determine its presence. Phonological awareness was assessed by the Test of Phonological Awareness, and fine motor skills by subtests of the Acadia Test of Developmental Abilities - Visuomotor Coordination and Sequencing and Figure Copying. Results. The results show significant below-average achievements in visuomotor coordination, figure copying, and phonological awareness in children with developmental coordination disorder. Regression analysis showed that visuomotor coordination significantly predicts all elements of phonological awareness in children. In children with developmental coordination disorder, figure copying explains 26.3% of the variance in phonemic segmentation and 20.8% of the variance in initial phoneme identification. Conclusion. In younger school-age children, visuomotor coordination is an independent predictor of all levels of phonological processing. From the earliest school age, poor phonological awareness and fine motor skills follow children with developmental coordination. Different regression analysis results in children with and without developmental coordination disorder indicate that not all aspects of fine motor skills are equally important for phonological awareness.

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Dar, Rida Khawar, Shoaib Waqas, Muhammad Tariq, Hafiz Muhammad Asim, Asifa Javaid, and Imran Ghafoor. "Translation and Validation of Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire in Urdu Language for Developmental Coordination Disorder Population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 5 (2023): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317528.

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Aim: To translate developmental coordination disorder questionnaire in Urdu language and validate its psychometric properties for cross cultural adaptation. Methods: This validation study was done at the Lahore College of Physical Therapy. The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) was translated into Urdu utilizing Bombardier, Beaton, and Guillemin's cross-cultural adaption principles. The forward and backward translations were completed by two separate translators, one of whom is a medical professional professor and the other an Urdu language professor. The final certified version of DCDQ-Urdu was confirmed by bilingual professionals. The validated version's reliability was then evaluated on 28 children with developmental coordination disorder. Results: After population testing, the Cranach's alpha of the DCDQ-Urdu version was 0.873. The inter item correlation of the DCDQ-Urdu for three domains, control during movement, fine motor/handwriting, and general coordination, with total DCDQ score is 0.386, 0.312, and 0.3002, respectively, and after population testing is 0.273, 0.303, and 0.397. The original English and translated DCDQ-Urdu versions had a significant association (Spearman's rho 0.951 p 0.000).Test retest reliability ranged from 0.504 to 0.721. Conclusion: The Urdu version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire has good internal consistency and fair inter-item correlation, making it suitable for use as a screening tool for parents of children with and without impaired motor coordination. Keywords: Developmental Coordination Disorder, DCDQ-Urdu version, Motor skill impairment

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He, J. L., I. Fuelscher, J. Coxon, et al. "Impaired motor inhibition in developmental coordination disorder." Brain and Cognition 127 (November 2018): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2018.09.002.

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Hoare, Deborah. "Subtypes of Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 11, no. 2 (1994): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.11.2.158.

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Although the heterogeneity of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has been well documented, the search for subtypes within the DCD population with distinguishable profiles has been limited. The present study investigated whether a group of 80 children identified as having DCD could be classified into subtypes based on their performances on six perceptuo-motor tasks. Five clusters were identified and are discussed in terms of current understanding of DCD. This exploratory study supports the notion of heterogeneity within DCD samples, with five patterns of dysfunction emerging.

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Cairney, John, Louis A. Schmidt, Scott Veldhuizen, Paul Kurdyak, John Hay, and Brent E. Faught. "Left-Handedness and Developmental Coordination Disorder." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 10 (2008): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370805301009.

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Objective: To examine the prevalence of left-handedness in a sample of children screened for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Method: Using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency—Short Form (BOTMP-SF), 2297 children were screened with 128 scoring at or below the fifth percentile and identified as probable cases of DCD. Using the Movement-ABC (M-ABC) and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, 30 children (24 from the DCD group, and 6 who scored above the cut-off) were randomly selected for further assessment. Results: Among the students who had previously scored at or below the fifth percentile on the BOTMP-SF, 24 were evaluated. Among the 19 children who met diagnostic criteria for DCD (IQ > 70, M-ABC < 16th percentile), 37% ( n = 9) were left-handed. Among children who scored at or below the fifth percentile of the M-ABC, 46% were left-handed (6/13). Conclusion: The prevalence of left-handedness in children with DCD suggests a possible role for cerebral lateralization in motor coordination problems.

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Allen, Susan, and Jackie Casey. "Developmental coordination disorders and sensory processing and integration: Incidence, associations and co-morbidities." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 80, no. 9 (2017): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022617709183.

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Introduction Children with developmental coordination disorder or sensory processing and integration difficulties face challenges to participation in daily living. To date there has been no exploration of the co-occurrence of developmental coordination disorders and sensory processing and integration difficulties. Method Records of children meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – V criteria for developmental coordination disorder ( n = 93) age 5 to 12 years were examined. Data on motor skills (Movement Assessment Battery for Children – 2) and sensory processing and integration (Sensory Processing Measure) were interrogated. Results Of the total sample, 88% exhibited some or definite differences in sensory processing and integration. No apparent relationship was observed between motor coordination and sensory processing and integration. The full sample showed high rates of some difficulties in social participation, hearing, body awareness, balance and motion, and planning and ideation. Further, children with co-morbid autistic spectrum disorder showed high rates of difficulties with touch and vision. Conclusion Most, but not all, children with developmental coordination disorder presented with some difficulties in sensory processing and integration that impacted on their participation in everyday activities. Sensory processing and integration difficulties differed significantly between those with and without co-morbid autistic spectrum disorder.

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Kirby, Amanda, Gill Salmon, and Lisa Edwards. "Attention-deficit hyperactivity and developmental coordination disorders: knowledge and practice among child and adolescent psychiatrists and paediatricians." Psychiatric Bulletin 31, no. 9 (2007): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.107.015305.

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Aims and MethodDespite extensive evidence that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder commonly present as overlapping disorders, it is not clear whether clinicians routinely enquire about movement difficulties when assessing children with suspected ADHD. We describe a survey that examines knowledge and practice of child and adolescent psychiatrists (n=107) and paediatricians (n=51) in this area.ResultsResults show that 67.3% of child and adolescent psychiatrists compared with 15.7% of paediatricians claimed to have poor or very poor knowledge of developmental coordination disorder, and 28% compared with 5.9% respectively reported that they never or only occasionally ask about motor difficulties.Clinical ImplicationsChild and adolescent psychiatrists should consider routine screening for developmental coordination disorder when assessing for ADHD. Further training in assessment of developmental coordination disorder is recommended to facilitate this.

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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Evaluation of Multiple Interacting Factors Associated with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3312.

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Developmental coordination disorder is termed as a motor functioning disorder and it shows a major impact on motor learning and functioning. The aim of the current research is to have a critical analysis of the developmental coordination disorder using ICF model. However DCD is identified by functional limitations, there are associated factors which were left unattended. We discuss the participation restriction, body function and structural defects and other contextual factors associated with DCD. It has been highlighted that primary and secondary defects associated with developmental coordination disorder among children is due to the factors which depends on the cognitive and neurological structures. Personal and environmental factors associated play a major role in motor learning and acquisition. To design intervention for individual adult and children with developmental coordination disorder, there is need for consideration of the multiple interacting factors associated with developmental coordination disorder and understanding the primary and secondary factors that deteriorate the health of children with DCD needs attention. Psychological impairment is the factors which are identified at the front line. However while designing intervention sessions, there is a need to consider the psychosocial aspect of the individual with DCD.

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Wilson, Peter, Scott Ruddock, Shahin Rahimi‐Golkhandan, et al. "Cognitive and motor function in developmental coordination disorder." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 62, no. 11 (2020): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14646.

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Leonard, Hayley C., Marialivia Bernardi, Elisabeth L. Hill, and Lucy A. Henry. "Executive Functioning, Motor Difficulties, and Developmental Coordination Disorder." Developmental Neuropsychology 40, no. 4 (2015): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2014.997933.

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Li, Ruimin, Hong Fu, Yang Zheng, et al. "Automated Fine Motor Evaluation for Developmental Coordination Disorder." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 27, no. 5 (2019): 963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2019.2911303.

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Deconinck, Frederik J. A., Liesbeth Spitaels, Wim Fias, and Matthieu Lenoir. "Is developmental coordination disorder a motor imagery deficit?" Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 31, no. 6 (2009): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803390802484805.

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Ghaheri, Banafsheh, Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni, Mehdi Shahbazi, and Ahmad Reza Arshi. "Dynamic Evaluation of Motor Coordination and Variability in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 24, no. 6 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.24.6.6188.2.

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Background and Aim: Evaluating variability can help to investigate the process underlying motor coordination problems. The current study aimed to measure motor coordination and its variability in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Moreover, the symmetry of motor coordination variability in these children and the relation between motor skills and variability were explored. Materials and Methods: After evaluating motor skills in children, aged 7-10 years using Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), 15 children with DCD and 20 non-DCD children performed a bilateral coordination task. Using motion capture system, motor coordination and variability were recorded and calculated by computing continuous relative phase and its standard deviation, respectively. Ethical Considerations: The study with an ethical code of IR.UT.SPORT.REC.1396030 was approved by Ethics Committee of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences of University of Tehran. Findings: Children with DCD showed significantly higher variability, while there was no significant difference between the groups in performing the coordination task. Moreover, the variability of motor coordination was found asymmetrical in children with DCD. Finally, more variability was shown to be accompanied with lower score in motor skills of the participants. Conclusion: The current study shows the necessity of employing assessments related to underlying process of movement coordination such as variability, which can help to provide more comprehensive understanding of motor patterns of children with DCD and the strategies that they adopt to execute and produce movement.

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B., Sujatha, Sivaruban Somasundaram, Jagatheesan Alagesan, and Vikram Adhitya P.S. "Developmental coordination disorder in school children- A systematic review." Biomedicine 42, no. 6 (2022): 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i6.1102.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is defined as a severe delay in perceptual-motor and psychomotor development that affects children who are intellectually normal and have no physical, sensory, or neurological conditions. It is described as a deficiency in the development of gross and fine motor abilities that cannot be accounted for by a lack of general education or exposure to equivalent opportunities to develop motor skills as their peers. Between May 2000 and May 2021, systematic reviews were published; these were included. The articles were shortlisted for full-text review after the reviewers independently read each title and abstract and determined that they looked at motor interventions intended to enhance movement skills in kids with developmental coordination disorder to improve fitness levels for the heart and lungs. This study looked at 72 review articles in total. The study included articles that offered advice on how to improve someone's cardiovascular and respiratory fitness. Activities such as organized sports, exercise, movement, balance training, and motor interventions were defined as motor interventions. According to the study's findings, kids with DCD have trouble moving about and are generally inactive. Conclusion: Improving motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness have a significant impact on DCD children's quality of life.

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Danna, Jérémy, Margaux Lê, Jessica Tallet, et al. "Motor Adaptation Deficits in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder and/or Reading Disorder." Children 11, no. 4 (2024): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11040491.

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Procedural learning has been mainly tested through motor sequence learning tasks in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, especially with isolated Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and Reading Disorder (RD). Studies on motor adaptation are scarcer and more controversial. This study aimed to compare the performance of children with isolated and associated DCD and RD in a graphomotor adaptation task. In total, 23 children with RD, 16 children with DCD, 19 children with DCD-RD, and 21 typically developing (TD) children wrote trigrams both in the conventional (from left to right) and opposite (from right to left) writing directions. The results show that movement speed and accuracy were more impacted by the adaptation condition (opposite writing direction) in children with neurodevelopmental disorders than TD children. Our results also reveal that children with RD have less difficulty adapting their movement than children with DCD. Children with DCD-RD had the most difficulty, and analysis of their performance suggests a cumulative effect of the two neurodevelopmental disorders in motor adaptation.

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TRIFU, Raluca Nicoleta. "Developmental coordination disorder DCD – terminology, diagnosis and intervention. The implication for speech therapy." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare VI, no. 2 (2020): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2020.6.2.10.

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Developmental coordination disorder DCD is a specific set of impairments corelated with gross and fine motor disfunction, poor motor planning and impaired sensor integration. The term is use wildly for this condition, based on the proposed term made by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5), but others terms such as dyspraxia, specific motor dysfunction, specific coordination motor disfunction (ICD – 10) are used and preferred in the same time. The article displays the multiple terms used in the literature connected with the DCD, the criteria for diagnosis, the implication for education and target specific intervention in case of DCD.

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Raynor, Annette J. "Fractionated Reflex and Reaction Times in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Motor Control 2, no. 2 (1998): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.2.2.114.

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The patellar tendon reflex (PTR) and simple visual reaction time (VRT) were fractionated and compared in 40 subjects with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and normal coordination (NC) in two age groups. Four equal groups of subjects, 6 years DCD (6DCD), 6 years NC (6NC), 9 years DCD (9DCD), and 9 years NC (9NC) were compared using ANOVA for the main effects of coordination and age. PTR and its components of reflex latency and motor time were not significantly affected by the level of coordination; however, a significant coordination by age interaction (p< .05) revealed an increased motor time in the 6DCD group. VRT, premotor time, and motor time were all significantly (p< .05) increased in children with DCD; the increased VRT and premotor time support earlier findings, whereas the increased motor time has not previously been found. These findings suggest that the processing of reflexive and volitional responses by children with DCD differs from that of their NC peers.

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Tran, Huynh-Truc, Yao-Chuen Li, Hung-Yu Lin, Shin-Da Lee, and Pei-Jung Wang. "Sensory Processing Impairments in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Children 9, no. 10 (2022): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9101443.

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The two objectives of this systematic review were to examine the following: (1) the difference in sensory processing areas (auditory, visual, vestibular, touch, proprioceptive, and multi-sensory) between children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and (2) the relationship between sensory processing and motor coordination in DCD. The following databases were comprehensively searched for relevant articles: PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. There were 1107 articles (published year = 2010 to 2021) found in the initial search. Full-text articles of all possibly relevant citations were obtained and inspected for suitability by two authors. The outcome measures were sensory processing impairments and their relationship with motor coordination. A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. Children with DCD showed significant impairments in visual integration, tactile integration, proprioceptive integration, auditory integration, vestibular integration, and oral integration processes when compared with typically developing children. Evidence also supported that sensory processing impairments were associated with poor motor coordination in DCD. Preliminary support indicated that DCD have sensory processing impairments in visual, tactile, proprioceptive, auditory, and vestibular areas, which might contribute to participation restriction in motor activities. It is important to apply sensory integration therapy in rehabilitation programs for DCD in order to facilitate participation in daily activities.

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Henderson, Sheila E., and Leslie Henderson. "Toward an Understanding of Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 19, no. 1 (2002): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.19.1.11.

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We consider three issues concerning unexpected difficulty in the acquisition of motor skills: terminology, diagnosis, and intervention. Our preference for the label Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) receives justification. Problems in diagnosis are discussed, especially in relation to the aetiology-dominated medical model. The high degree of overlap between DCD and other childhood disorders appears to militate against its acceptance as a distinct syndrome. In this context, we emphasize the need to determine whether incoordination takes different forms when it occurs alone is combined with general developmental delay or with other specific disorders in children of normal intelligence. Studies of intervention have mostly shown positive effects but do not, as yet, allow adjudication between different sorts of content. We suggest that the study of DCD and its remediation would benefit greatly from the employment of the simple but rich paradigms developed for the experimental analysis of fully formed adult movement skills.

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Mon-Williams, Mark A., Eve Pascal, and John P. Wann. "Ophthalmic Factors in Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 11, no. 2 (1994): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.11.2.170.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) occurs in a small number of children who present with impaired body/eye coordination. No study of ophthalmic function in DCD exists despite vision’s primary role in perception. Ocular performance was therefore assessed with a battery of tests. Five hundred children aged between 5 and 7 years were involved in the study. Diagnosis of DCD was confirmed for 29 children by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (ABC); 29 control children were randomly selected. Comprehensive examination with a battery of ophthalmic tests did not reveal any significant difference in visual status between the two groups. Strabismus was found in 5 children from both groups. All 5 children with strabismus from the DCD group showed a similar movement profile with the Motor Competence Checklist. While a causal relationship cannot be discounted, the presence of strabismus appears more likely to be a “hard” neurological sign of central damage common to this group. The evidence seems to indicate that a simple ophthalmic difficulty does not explain problems with movement control.

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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "High Risk for Obesity in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3437.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by marked impairment in the acquisition of motor skill. The poor performance of movement skills marks developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and this defect affects the child's activities of daily living in innumerous ways. The ability of the child in the execution of the motor task is substantially below that expected for a child's chronological age and intelligence. DCD affects the child's ability in performing both gross and fine motor skills. Performing the Variety of motor tasks is impaired, and the child is isolated socially and emotionally. These children experience frequent academic failure because of their poor handwriting skill. Despite having IQ more significant than 70, these children experience academic failure. As because of their motor coordination difficulty, these children avoid peer group interaction. They were termed as clumsy and awkward, by their teachers and often by their peer group. Thus they were avoided by their peer group children. This recurrent isolation becomes permanent for children with DCD, and they tend to isolate themselves from everybody. As they become isolated, these children are more prone to psychological distress. As because of poor social interaction and participation in green land play along with peer group children, they were at high risk for obesity and other related disorders. Awareness of the importance of participation in a physical activity needs to be delivered for all the parents of children with and without DCD. Benefits of green land play need to be understood by the parents for further facilitation of children's engagement in physical activity sessions.

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Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien C. M., and Peter H. Wilson. "Noise, variability, and motor performance in developmental coordination disorder." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 55 (November 2013): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12311.

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Missiuna, Cheryl. "Motor Skill Acquisition in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 11, no. 2 (1994): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.11.2.214.

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Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) demonstrate coordination difficulties during the learning of novel motor skills; no previous studies, however, have investigated their ability to learn and then generalize a new movement. This study compared 24 young children with DCD with 24 age-matched control children (AMC) during the early stages of learning a simple aiming task. Children with DCD were found to perform more poorly than their peers on measures of acquired motor skill, and to react and move more slowly at every level of task performance. The effect of age and its relationship to practice of the task was also different within each group. The groups did not differ, however, in their rate of learning, or in the extent to which they were able to generalize the learned movement. Children with DCD sacrificed more speed than the AMC group when aiming at a small target, but the effects of amplitude and directional changes were quite similar for each group. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Gheysen, Freja, Hilde Van Waelvelde, and Wim Fias. "Impaired visuo-motor sequence learning in Developmental Coordination Disorder." Research in Developmental Disabilities 32, no. 2 (2011): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.11.005.

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Bo, Jin, and Chi-Mei Lee. "Motor skill learning in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Research in Developmental Disabilities 34, no. 6 (2013): 2047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.012.

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Lejeune, Caroline, Corinne Catale, Sylvie Willems, and Thierry Meulemans. "Intact procedural motor sequence learning in developmental coordination disorder." Research in Developmental Disabilities 34, no. 6 (2013): 1974–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.017.

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Montes-Montes, Rebeca, Laura Delgado-Lobete, and Sara Rodríguez-Seoane. "Developmental Coordination Disorder, Motor Performance, and Daily Participation in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder." Children 8, no. 3 (2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030187.

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Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often present with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or motor coordination problems that further impact their daily functioning. However, little is known about the prevalence of co-occurring DCD and ADHD in the Spanish context, and research about the impact of ADHD on performance and participation in motor-based activities of daily living (ADL) is scarce. The aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of co-occurring DCD in children with ADHD, and to examine differences in performance and participation in motor-based ADL between children with ADHD and typically developing children. We conducted a case-control study including 20 children with ADHD and 40 typically developing controls randomly matched for exact age and sex (males = 80%; mean age = 8, 9 (2, 3) years). Presence of probable DCD (p-DCD) was confirmed with the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). The DCDDaily-Q was administered to assess performance and participation in ADL. A 75% prevalence of p-DCD was found in the ADHD group (OR = 27; p < 0.001). Children with ADHD showed poorer motor performance and less participation in ADL (p < 0.01; d = 0.9–1.4). These findings contribute to understand the functional consequences of ADHD in motor-based ADL and its relationship with DCD.

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Kanioglou, Aggelos, Haralambos Tsorbatzoudis, and Vassilis Barkoukis. "Socialization and Behavioral Problems of Elementary School Pupils with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 1 (2005): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.1.163-173.

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The present study examined the role of the developmental coordination disorder in 154 children's socialization and the expression of deviant behaviors in the context of Greek primary education. For assessment of their motor coordination, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children of Henderson and Sugden was used. The peer nomination method (sociogram) was used for the estimation of children's social status, and the expression of deviant behaviors was assessed via Conners' Teacher Questionnaire. Analyses showed that developmental coordination disorder was associated with poor socialization and the expression of deviant behaviors. These findings support the development of educational programs to include children with poor motor coordination.

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Gill, Kamaldeep K., Donna Lang, and Jill G. Zwicker. "Cerebellar Differences after Rehabilitation in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Brain Sciences 12, no. 7 (2022): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070856.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) affects a child’s ability to learn motor skills. Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is one of the recommended treatments to help achieve functional motor goals. The purpose of this study was to determine if CO-OP intervention induces functional improvements and structural changes in the cerebellum of children with DCD. Using a randomized waitlist-controlled trial, we investigated the effects of CO-OP intervention on cerebellar volume in 47 children with DCD (8–12 years old). Outcome measures included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS), and Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2. The SUIT toolbox was used to carry out voxel-based morphometry using T1-weighted MRI scans. Children with DCD showed improved motor outcomes and increased gray matter volume in the brainstem, right crus II, bilateral lobules VIIIb, and left lobule IX following CO-OP. Significant associations were found between PQRS scores and regional gray matter changes in the brainstem, right crus II, right lobule VIIb, right and left lobule VIIIb, and vermis IX. Given the improved motor and brain outcomes with CO-OP, it is recommended that children with DCD be referred for this rehabilitation intervention.

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Hsu, Lin-Ya, Tracy Jirikowic, Marcia A. Ciol, Madisen Clark, Deborah Kartin, and Sarah Westcott McCoy. "Motor Planning and Gait Coordination Assessments for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics 38, no. 5 (2018): 562–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2018.1477226.

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Esposito, Maria, Francesco Precenzano, Ilaria Bitetti, et al. "Sleep Macrostructure and NREM Sleep Instability Analysis in Pediatric Developmental Coordination Disorder." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (2019): 3716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193716.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is considered to be abnormal motor skills learning, identified by clumsiness, slowness, and/or motor inaccuracy impairing the daily-life activities in all ages of life, in the absence of sensory, cognitive, or neurological deficits impairment. The present research focuses on studying DCD sleep structure and Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) parameters with a full overnight polysomnography and to study the putative correlations between sleep architecture and CAP parameters with motor coordination skills. The study was a cross-sectional design involving 42 children (26M/16F; mean age 10.12 ± 1.98) selected as a DCD group compared with 79 children (49M/30F; mean age 9.94 ± 2.84) identified as typical (no-DCD) for motor ability and sleep macrostructural parameters according to the MABC-2 and polysomnographic (PSG) evaluations. The two groups (DCD and non-DCD) were similar for age (p = 0.715) and gender (p = 0.854). More significant differences in sleep architecture and CAP parameters were found between two groups and significant correlations were identified between sleep parameters and motor coordination skills in the study population. In conclusion, our data show relevant abnormalities in sleep structure of DCD children and suggest a role for rapid components of A phases on motor coordination development

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You, Haizhen, Junyao Shi, Fangfang Huang, et al. "Advances in Genetics and Epigenetics of Developmental Coordination Disorder in Children." Brain Sciences 13, no. 6 (2023): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060940.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a developmental disorder characterized by impaired motor coordination, often co-occurring with attention deficit disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and other psychological and behavioural conditions. The aetiology of DCD is believed to involve brain changes and environmental factors, with genetics also playing a role in its pathogenesis. Recent research has identified several candidate genes and genetic factors associated with motor impairment, including deletions, copy number variations, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and epigenetic modifications. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge in genetic research on DCD, highlighting the importance of continued research into the underlying genetic mechanisms. While evidence suggests a genetic contribution to DCD, the evidence is still in its early stages, and much of the current evidence is based on studies of co-occurring conditions. Further research to better understand the genetic basis of DCD could have important implications for diagnosis, treatment, and our understanding of the condition’s aetiology.

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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Effectiveness Of Two Task-Oriented Interventions Over Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Motor Performance In Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) - A Pilot Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3400.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is identified as a heterogeneous disorder of motor learning and functioning. Children with DCD avoid physical activities in school as because of low self-esteem; they perceive themselves less capable and avoids peer group interactions at school. They tend to isolate themselves from an academic task as well as from physical activity sessions. Neuromotor task training and WII training are task-based interventions designed to enhance motor performance among children with developmental coordination disorder. Aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of two task-oriented interventions like NTT and WII on motor performance, isometric strength, the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of children with DCD attending primary schools in and around Chennai. Children of age 5-10 years were included and randomly assigned into two groups, Group A and B. Developmental coordination disorder questionnaire- DCDQ was used to screen children with DCD at the baseline. Dynamometer, functional strength assessment, sprint test and 6MWT – 6-minute walk test was used to assess the performance of children with DCD at baseline and after intervention with NTT and WII. Results of the study proved that no significant improvement was reported in both the groups for isometric strength development. However, the Motor performance was enhanced in group A treated with NTT. Wii training showed improvement in anaerobic performance. The study concludes by adding knowledge that both the interventions were safe to execute for children with developmental coordination disorder.

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Tsiotra, Georgia D., Alan M. Nevill, Andrew M. Lane, and Yiannis Koutedakis. "Physical Fitness and Developmental Coordination Disorder in Greek Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 21, no. 2 (2009): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.21.2.186.

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We investigated whether children with suspected Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD+) demonstrate different physical fitness levels compared with their normal peers (DCD−). Randomly recruited Greek children (n = 177) were assessed for body mass index (BMI), flexibility (SR), vertical jump (VJ), hand strength (HS), 40m dash, aerobic power, and motor proficiency. ANCOVA revealed a motor proficiency (i.e., DCD group) effect for BMI (p < .01), VJ (p < .01), and 40m speed (p < .01), with DCD+ children demonstrating lower values than DCD−. Differences between DCD+ and DCD− were also obtained in log-transformed HS (p < .01). These findings suggest that intervention strategies for managing DCD should also aim at physical fitness increases.

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Lopez, C., C. Hemimou, and L. Vaivre-Douret. "Handwriting disorders in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD): Exploratory study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.494.

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IntroductionAlthough more than 85% of children with DCD are affected by handwriting disorders, their characteristics and underlying mechanisms remain poorly known.ObjectivesWe aim to better identify the nature of handwriting disorders in subtyping DCD children.MethodsSchool children aged between 5 to 15 years and exhibited a DCD (according to DSM-5) are eligible for inclusion. They were classified in three subtypes of DCD: ideomotor (IM), visual-spatial and/or constructional (VSC), and mixed (MX). They were assessed with a standardized handwriting evaluation including quality and speed and a clinical observation of motor gestual developmental and temporal-spatial organization of handwriting highlighting six qualitative criteria: irregular handwriting (criterion 1), immaturity of handwriting gesture (criterion 2), excessive pressure of the pen on the paper (criterion 3), neuro-vegetative responses (criterion 4), trembling (criterion 5), slow handwriting velocity (criterion 6). Two groups are established: children with poor handwriting (PH) and children with dysgraphia (DysG).ResultsWhile 89% of children have handwriting disorders, only 20% exhibit dysgraphia. IM DCD is characterized by an immaturity of handwriting gesture and is associated with PH. Dysgraphia appears only in VSC and MX DCD which are characterized by the association of criteria 1, 2, 3, and 4. This association appears to more than 80% in DysG. Slow handwriting velocity is constant between PH and DysG.ConclusionImmaturity of handwriting gesture is a possible underlying mechanism of poor handwriting. Dysgraphia is associated with specific impairments in spatial organization of letters and in motor control of handwriting gesture.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Prasaja. "Pengaruh Gross Motoric Training terhadap Kemampuan Koordinasi Motorik pada Anak Developmental Coordination Disorder di SLBN Surakarta." Profesi (Profesional Islam) : Media Publikasi Penelitian 16, no. 2 (2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26576/profesi.333.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kesulitan dalam pengembangan keterampilan gerak, adanya keterlambatan perkembangan pada motor skills, kesulitan dalam belajar atau melakukan keterampilan yang membutuhkan koordinasi motorik. Aktivitas gross motor sangat penting untuk menstimuli pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak-anak dengan DCD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas gross motoric training terhadap kemampuan koordinasi motorik pada anak Developmental Coordination Disorder di SLBN Surakarta. Desain penelitian ini adalah quantitative pre-experimental design tipe one-group pretest-posttest. Peneliti menggunakan teknik purpossive sampling atau jugmental sampling. Sampel berjumlah 33 orang terdiri dari 28 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan. Alat pengumpul data berupa tes menggunakan instrument Test of Gross Motor Development-2. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dengan teknik statistik uji t-test berpasangan. Hasil Penelitian ini antara lain golongan umur sebagian besar sampel berada pada rentangan usia 6.00-6.11 tahun (39,4 %), berdasarkan jenis kelamin didominasi oleh laki-laki (84,8%), menurut diagnosis sebagian besar Autism (48.5%). Ada pengaruh positif, dan signifikan secara statistik dari intervensi aktivitas gross motoric training terhadap kemampuan koordinasi motorik pada anak Developmental Coordination Disorder (p = 0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah gross motoric training berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan koordinasi motorik pada anak Developmental Coordination Disorder.

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Tamplain, Priscila, and Marcela C. Ferracioli-Gama. "Infographic: Developmental Coordination Disorder (Part II) – Recommendations for Motor Interventions." Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior 17, no. 5 (2023): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v17i4.350.

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Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have motor coordination below expectations for their chronologic age and are commonly described as clumsy 1. The goal of this infographic is to provide information on recommendations for motor intervention of DCD based on information available on a recent study 2. Overall, the literature affirms that children with a diagnosis of DCD should receive intervention. Both physical and occupational therapy are recommended and can help children perform everyday tasks. According to the international clinical practice guidelines 3, when planning a program of intervention, it is recommended that both the strengths and weaknesses of the individual in their environmental context should be taken into account in order to improve motor function, activity, and participation. Smits-Engelsman and colleagues 2 classified motor interventions with basis on the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) framework: 1) body function and structure (BF) oriented, where the activity engaged in is designed to improve targeted body functions considered to underlie the reported functional motor problem; 2) activity oriented where the activity engaged in is designed to improve performance in that activity; and 3) participation oriented, where the activity engaged in is designed to improve participation in that activity in an everyday life situation. Overall, positive benefits were evident for activity-oriented approaches, body function-oriented when combined with activities, active video games, and small group programs 2. However, the authors explained the need for more rigorous RCTs with follow-up to demonstrate sustained change rather than just short-term gains in performance. A specific approach that shows overall effectiveness is the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP), which is an individualized, task-specific (activity-oriented), cognitive-based, problem-solving approach for individuals experiencing difficulties performing the skills they want or need to do. A recent randomized waitlist-control trial showed that CO-OP was effective in achieving and maintaining functional motor goals after 3 months for children with DCD 4. Other specific recommendations involve the incorporation of physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness and functional strength) protocols, Neuromotor Task Training (NTT), and the use of motor imagery training 3. The severity of motor impairment affects not only the presentation of DCD but also participation, which has important implications for treatment 3. Different interventions may be required at key stages of development or periods of transition to target participation 5. Overall, it is recommended that individuals with DCD are given ample opportunity to practice movement skills to learn them and to participate in daily activities (e.g., at home, school, in community and leisure settings, and in sports).

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Geuze, Reint H. "Postural Control in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder." Neural Plasticity 12, no. 2-3 (2005): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2005.183.

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The development of static balance is a basic characteristic of normal motor development. Most developmental motor tests include a measure of static balance. Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) often fail this item. This study reviews the balance problems of children with DCD. The general conclusion is drawn that under normal conditions static balance control is not a problem for children with DCD. Only in difficult, unattended, or novel situations such children seem to suffer from increased postural sway. These findings raise the question of what happens when balance is lost. The present study addresses the strength of correlation between the electromyography (EMG) and force plate signals in one-leg stance over epochs of stable and unstable balance. Four groups of children were involved in the study: two age groups and a group of children with DCD and balance problems and their controls. The results show a clear involvement of tibialis anterior and peroneus muscles in the control of lateral balance in all conditions and groups. The group of children with DCD and balance problems,however, showed a weaker coupling between EMG and corrective force compared with control children, indicating non-optimal balance control. An evaluation of the existing data in terms of evidence of specific structural deficits associated with DCD provided converging evidence that suggests cerebellar involvement.

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Lense, Miriam D., Eniko Ladányi, Tal-Chen Rabinowitch, Laurel Trainor, and Reyna Gordon. "Rhythm and timing as vulnerabilities in neurodevelopmental disorders." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1835 (2021): 20200327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0327.

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Millions of children are impacted by neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which unfold early in life, have varying genetic etiologies and can involve a variety of specific or generalized impairments in social, cognitive and motor functioning requiring potentially lifelong specialized supports. While specific disorders vary in their domain of primary deficit (e.g. autism spectrum disorder (social), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (attention), developmental coordination disorder (motor) and developmental language disorder (language)), comorbidities between NDDs are common. Intriguingly, many NDDs are associated with difficulties in skills related to rhythm, timing and synchrony though specific profiles of rhythm/timing impairments vary across disorders. Impairments in rhythm/timing may instantiate vulnerabilities for a variety of NDDs and may contribute to both the primary symptoms of each disorder as well as the high levels of comorbidities across disorders. Drawing upon genetic, neural, behavioural and interpersonal constructs across disorders, we consider how disrupted rhythm and timing skills early in life may contribute to atypical developmental cascades that involve overlapping symptoms within the context of a disorder's primary deficits. Consideration of the developmental context, as well as common and unique aspects of the phenotypes of different NDDs, will inform experimental designs to test this hypothesis including via potential mechanistic intervention approaches. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology’.

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Saidmamatov, Orifjon, and Raximov Quvondiq Ozodovich. "Improving the Motor Skills of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Journal La Edusci 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallaedusci.v2i1.263.

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Past examinations uncover that the prescient control of developments is weakened in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), most likely connected with shortfall within the inner modelling of movements. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a motor skills training program in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. The study was done at four kindergartens in the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan for duration of 10 weeks. All 27 children with DCD who taken part were referred to the research and score at and below the 16th percentile for their age on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC 2). Participants were divided into an intervention group (n=18) receiving 10 weeks of motor skills training program for 40 min twice per week and the control group (n=9) proceeded with exercises of everyday living. Twenty-four children finalized the research, with 14 boys and 10 girls (mean age 5.17, SD= 0.702). All children in the intervention group had a sharp increase in total percentile ranking of MABC 2 but a further decrease was observed in the control group except for one child. The study supports 10 weeks of a motor skills training program which can be a beneficial intervention for physical education specialists to enhance motor skills for children with DCD.

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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Fine Motor Skills in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Developmental Coordination Disorder." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 20, no. 3 (2006): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-20-3-8.

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Alretha, Du Plessis, Monique De Milander, Frederik Coetzee, and Dané Coetzee. "Kinderkinetics motor intervention framework for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder:." South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation 45, no. 3 (2023): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36386/sajrsper.v45i3.342.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a motor coordination disorder that persists if intervention is not provided. Local guidelines are unavailable for intervention in children with probable DCD (p-DCD), and the aim of this study was to develop a motor intervention framework focusing specifically on the South African population within the scope of kinderkinetics, based on expert information, as a guideline for children with DCD or p-DCD. Twenty-nine kinderkinetics experts from South Africa participated in a three-round e-Delphi process. Round one obtained consensus and opinions from the experts by reviewing literature findings on intervention for children with DCD or p-DCD. Rounds two and three were based on answers and opinions provided in round one to determine an 80% agreement to accept the statement. Ten main elements formed the foundation for the motor intervention framework. The main focus areas of the framework were intervention planning, goal setting, intervention approaches, intervention apparatus, intervention delivery mode, additional role players, settings, dosage (time, duration, frequency and number of sessions), and evaluation. Understanding that the causes of DCD are heterogeneous was essential in finalising the framework. The research provided unique and collated feedback from kinderkinetics experts to develop a motor intervention framework for children with DCD or p-DCD within the scope of kinderkinetics in South Africa.

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Gillberg, Christopher, and Björn Kadesjö. "Why Bother About Clumsiness? The Implications of Having Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)." Neural Plasticity 10, no. 1-2 (2003): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2003.59.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common motor problem affecting—even in rather severe form—several percent of school age children. In the past, DCD has usually been called ‘clumsy child syndrome’ or ‘non-cerebralpalsy motor-perception dysfunction’. This disorder is more common in boys than in girls and is very often associated with psychopathology, particularly with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders/ autistic-type problems. Conversely, children with ADHD and autism spectrum problems, particularly those given a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, have a very high rate of comorbid DCD. Psychiatrists appear to be unaware of this type of comorbidity in their young patients. Neurologists, on the other hand, usually pay little attention to the striking behavioral and emotional problems shown by so many of their ‘clumsy’ patients. A need exists for a much clearer focus on DCD—in child psychiatry and in child neurology—both in research and in clinical practice.

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Hullumani V, Sharath, Raghumahanti Raghuveer, and Moh’d Irshad Qureshi. "Effect of osteopathic manipulation using SSDV protocol on improving motor coordination and hand eye coordination in children with developmental coordination disorder: a protocol for randomized controlled trial." F1000Research 13 (May 17, 2024): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.149731.1.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) significantly impacts motor coordination and hand-eye coordination in children, affecting their daily activities and academic performance. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Physical Rehabilitation utilizing the Sensory Stimulation and Developmental Vestibular (SSDV) protocol in improving motor coordination and hand-eye coordination in children diagnosed with DCD. Children diagnosed with DCD will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the intervention group receiving Physical Rehabilitation using the SSDV protocol or the control group receiving standard care. The intervention will involve a structured program incorporating sensory stimulation and developmental vestibular activities tailored to the individual needs of participants. Motor coordination and hand-eye coordination will be assessed using standardized measures such as the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI). Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up time points. This randomized controlled trial seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of Physical Rehabilitation using the SSDV protocol in enhancing motor coordination and hand-eye coordination in children with DCD. By employing standardized measures, this study aims to provide objective insights into the impact of the intervention. Findings from this trial may contribute to the development of evidence-based interventions for children with DCD, potentially improving their motor skills and overall functioning in daily life and academic settings. Registration: CTRI/2024/03/064467

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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Effects of Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) - A new approach for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in Indian context." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3444.

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Developmental coordination disorder is gaining increased recognition among the researchers. Despite a high prevalence rate, the uncoordinated movements and performance difficulties in daily life activities in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder were gained increased recognition. Caregivers and parents were not aware of any such intervention and waste a lot of time and money over therapist and therapy, which are not appropriate for their children with DCD. NTT- Neuro-motor Task Training relies on motor control and motor learning. Treatment of each child with DCD requires a unique holistic approach, to examine the effects of NTT among Indian children with DCD, this pilot study was conducted in 10 children with developmental coordination disorder. Movement assessment battery for children was used to assess the gross and fine motor difficulties among children with DCD. NTT intervention was delivered for ten sessions. The total duration of the intervention is 30 minutes. Positive effects of NTT were reported in every child in the intervention group. Their performance enhanced in gross motor and fine motor task. MABC and TGMD-2 results were improvements following the intervention, and the present findings indicate that therapists can take children's behaviour into account to conclude the positive treatment effects of NTT.

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