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1
Silva, Marcos Henrique Carvalho. "Modelagem de motores a combustão interna com tecnologia FLEX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-17072018-084552/.
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A modelagem de motores a combustão interna deve grande parte de sua importância ao uso de unidades de controle eletrônicas que buscam gerenciar as funções do motor. De forma a fornecer melhor suporte para o projetista de controle, a modelagem oferece informações que servem de planta, sobre a qual estratégias de controle serão desenvolvidas. Nesta dissertação, procurou-se estudar e modelar cinco fenômenos: a admissão de ar e de combustível, a produção de energia efetiva através da combustão, a evolução térmica do motor e o comportamento dos gases no sistema de exaustão. Investigou-se também, em todos estes fenômenos, a influência do uso de composição variada gasolina/etanol. Na admissão de ar, buscou-se estudar como a abertura da válvula borboleta e a velocidade do motor influenciam no fluxo de ar admitido, ponderando esta grandeza através de um fator de correção denominado eficiência volumétrica. Na admissão de combustível, no caso modelada para motores com injeção indireta na porta, procurou-se explanar quantitativamente sobre os diversos aspectos que influenciam a evaporação do combustível. Na geração de energia útil, priorizou-se a análise de como as características do motor e da combustão afetam a produção de torque. Na evolução térmica do motor, examinaram-se os principais fluxos energéticos do motor e os aspectos que os influenciam. Ademais, foram executadas as validações dos modelos levantados para o motor EA 111 VHT 1.6l. Os resultados, com seus respectivos erros, podem ser encontrados neste trabalho.<br>The internal combustion engine modeling owes big part of its importance to the use of electronic control units that aim to manage the engine functions. To provide better support to the control designer, the modeling offers information that can compose the plant, on which control strategies will be developed. In this master thesis, it was sought to study and to model five phenomena: the air intake and the fuel admission, the effective energy production from the combustion, the engine thermic evolution and the gas behavior in the exhaust system. It was also considered how the influence of the gasoline/ethanol varied composition affects all these phenomena. In the air intake, it was studied how the butterfly valve opening and the engine speed influence the intake air flow, pondering this variable through a correction factor named volumetric efficiency. In the fuel admission, in the case of this study modelled for port-fuel injection engines, it was attempted to explain quantitatively the many aspects that influence the fuel evaporation. In the mechanical energy generation, it was prioritized the analysis about how the engine and combustion characteristics affect the torque production. In the engine thermic evolution, it was examined the major energy flows and the aspects that influence them. Also, the validations of the models raised for the EA 111 VHT 1.6l engine were executed. The results, with its respective errors, can be found in this work.
2
Laranja, Gil Colona. "Desempenho de um ve?culo flex em bancada dinamom?trica de chassi." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15645.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-18<br>Flex-fuel vehicles are equipped with Otto Cycle internal combustion engines and have
the capability of functioning with more than one type of fuel, mixed at the same tank and
burned in the combustion chamber simultaneously. This sort of motorization is a world
pattern due to the scarcity of petroleum, the trade of several types of fuels, technology
advances and the restriction imposed to gas emissions to the atmosphere. In Brazil, the Flexfuel
vehicles are a reality, specially the ones using fuel with 20 to 25% anhydrous alcohol
mixed with gasoline and those that use natural gas or original liquid fuel (gasoline or hydrated
ethanol). The Brazilian model Fiat Siena, the object of this present scientific investigation, is
equipped with a unique electronic central capable of managing the liquid or gaseous fuels.
The purpose of this research was to perform a comparative analysis in terms of performance
(in terms of both potency and consumption) of a tetra-fuel vehicle - using a chassis
dynamometer, operating with different fuels: common gasoline, premium gasoline, Podium
gasoline, ethanol or natural gas. It became necessary to develop a bench of tests and trials
procedures, as well as to know the functioning of the electronic management of the vehicle
under analysis. The experiments were performed at the automotive laboratory in CTGAS-ER
(Center of Gas Technologies and Renewable energies) at the light of Brazilian standard
ABNT, NBR 7024: Light on-road vehicles - measurement of fuel consumption. The essay
results on specific fuel consumption using common gasoline, premium gasoline and
Podium gasoline have shown similar results, both for urban and road driving cycles<br>Os ve?culos flex s?o equipados com um motor de combust?o interna do ciclo Otto e
t?m como caracter?stica a capacidade de funcionar com mais de um tipo de combust?vel,
misturados no mesmo tanque e queimados na c?mara de combust?o simultaneamente. Este
tipo de motoriza??o ? uma tend?ncia mundial devido ? escassez do petr?leo, a
comercializa??o de v?rios tipos de combust?veis, aos avan?os tecnol?gicos dos sistemas de
gerenciamento eletr?nico de combust?vel e ?s restri??es as emiss?es de gases poluentes na
atmosfera. No Brasil, os ve?culos flex s?o uma realidade, com destaque para os ve?culos
alimentados com 20 a 25% do ?lcool anidro misturado com gasolina e os que utilizam g?s
natural ou o combust?vel l?quido original (gasolina ou etanol hidratado). O FIAT SIENA
TETRAFUEL, objeto da presente investiga??o, ? equipado com uma ?nica central eletr?nica
capaz de gerenciar os combust?veis l?quidos ou gasoso. A pesquisa em tela teve como
prop?sito a an?lise comparativa de desempenho (pot?ncia e consumo) de um ve?culo tetracombust?vel
simulando ciclos de condu??o urbano e de estrada em um dinam?metro de
chassi, operando com os combust?veis: gasolina comum (tipo C), gasolina aditivada (tipo C),
gasolina Podium (Premium), etanol (AEHC) ou g?s natural (GNV). Foi necess?rio
desenvolver bancada de testes e procedimentos de ensaios, como tamb?m conhecer o
funcionamento do gerenciamento eletr?nico do ve?culo em quest?o. Os ensaios foram
realizados no Laborat?rio do Centro de Tecnologias do G?s e Energias Renov?veis de acordo
com a norma ABNT NBR 7024 - Ve?culos rodovi?rios leves Medi??o do consumo de
combust?vel. Os resultados dos ensaios de consumo espec?fico com as gasolinas comum,
aditivada e Podium resultaram em valores pr?ximos, tanto no ciclo de condu??o urbano como
tamb?m no ciclo de condu??o de estrada
3
Filho, Dinecio dos Santos. "Alterações metalúrgicas e topográficas do cilindro de bloco de motor de combustão interna flex-fuel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-09022015-163026/.
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O presente estudo descreve as alterações metalúrgicas e topográficas do cilindro de blocos de motor de combustão interna fabricados em ferro fundido cinzento, após a realização de testes de durabilidade em dinamômetro. O motor testado tem tecnologia Flex-Fuel, e pode ser operado com qualquer proporção de mistura gasolina comum/etanol. Um motor foi testado com combustível etanol e o outro com gasolina comum, buscando-se assim representar duas condições extremas de trabalho em termos de combustível. A pesquisa constituiu-se da revisão bibliográfica e da parte prática que envolveu: a realização de testes de durabilidade de motor em dinamômetro; a caracterização metalúrgica e topográfica do cilindro após teste com ambos os combustíveis, utilizando técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, metalografia por microscopia óptica, perfilometria e quantificação de parâmetros de rugosidade, entre outros; a análise crítica, discussão dos resultados e apresentação da conclusão.<br>The present study approaches the metallurgical and topographical alterations on the cylinder of an internal combustion engine block made of gray cast iron, after durability dynamometer tests. The tested engine has flexible fuel technology (Flex-Fuel), and is capable to work with both gasoline/ethanol fuels, in any mixture proportion. One engine has been tested with ethanol and another one tested with gasoline, and so representing two extreme conditions on which the engine may work in terms of fuel. The research has been developed basically through the conceptual approach by the bibliographic review and the experimental steps that involved: general engine durability test at dynamometer bench; metallurgical and topographic characterization analysis at laboratory, after the test with both fuels, applying Scanning Electronic Microscopy SEM, optical microscopy metallography, profilometer and roughness parameters quantification, and so forth; critical analysis on the results, discussion and final conclusion.
4
Cunha, Rodrigo Potenza da. "Caracterização mecânica e metalográfica de uma liga de alumínio empregada para cabeçote de motor flex." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-08032013-115751/.
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Hoje em dia na indústria automobilística há uma grande necessidade em diminuição de custos e de peso no carro e isso pode ser o diferencial na concorrência da indústria automobilística. A substituição de materiais pesados por materiais mais leves é uma tendência mundial na indústria automobilística, além disso, existe também a necessidade de diminuir as etapas de processo. O tratamento térmico é uma etapa que tem um gasto muito grande de energia consequentemente é uma etapa muito cara do processo e ligas não tratáveis termicamente pode acarretar em economia de processo. O cabeçote de motor é uma parte importante do carro e o uso é em altas temperaturas em tempos elevados, esta peça é uma peça fundida sobre pressão para motores movido a álcool ou/e gasolina e geralmente feita de liga de alumínio com tratamento térmico, este trabalho estudou uma liga de alumínio com alto teor de cobre, para isso foi necessário a caracterização da liga com envelhecimento a temperaturas de trabalho do motor e verificou-se o que acontece com as propriedades mecânicas da peça.<br>Nowadays, there is a huge need in reduce the costs and the weight of cars, which could be a differential in the competition of the automotive industry. The substitution of heavy materials for lighter materials is a world tendency in the automotive industry, besides that, there is a need in reduce the stages of the process. The thermal treatment is a stage that has a high cost of energy, consequently, it is the more expensive stage of the process and alloys, that cannot be treated thermally, can result in economy of process. The cylinder head is an important part of the car and it is used in high temperatures for a long period. This piece is fused on pressure for engines that use ethanol or/and gasoline, generally, it is made by aluminum alloys with thermal treatment, this project was made by the study of an aluminum alloy with high content of copper, to make it happen, was necessary the characterization of the alloy with aging to temperatures of engine\'s work, it was found what happens to the mechanics properties of the piece.
5
Chiapinotto, Lino. "Análise da combustão e das emissões de um motor flex usando misturas heterogêneas de combustíveis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152162.
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Previous issue date: 2017-09-21<br>Nesta pesquisa investiga-se a viabilidade do uso de misturas heterogêneas de combustíveis compostas por etanol e gás natural veicular (GNV) em motor flex fuel (Flex). Os motores Flex, no Brasil, são abastecidos com gasolina E27 (com até 27% de etanol anidro e 73% de gasolina), etanol, GNV ou qualquer mistura de etanol e gasolina. Ao funcionarem com o GNV apresentam vantagens pela menor emissão de dióxido de carbono (CO2), monóxido de carbono (CO) e óxidos de nitrogênio (NOX), mas são desvantajosos com relação às emissões de hidrocarbonetos (HC) em baixas rotações quando comparados ao utilizarem gasolina ou etanol, além da perda de potência variando de 10 a 20%. Esta pesquisa objetiva encontrar uma mistura de etanol-GNV, cuja combustão possa reduzir, as emissões de CO, HC e NOx do motor Flex em relação ao modo GNV. Os testes foram conduzidos num motor Flex de 2000 cilindradas, com duas válvulas por cilindro. No motor foi instalado um sistema de gerenciamento de injeção eletrônica de GNV funcionando concomitantemente com a injeção de combustível líquido. Fez-se inicialmente a medição da vazão de etanol (E100), do GNV (E0) e de diferentes misturas de etanol-GNV (E20, E40, E60, E80). Para a avaliação dos parâmetros das emissões de CO2, CO, O2, HC e NOx, das eficiências (térmica, volumétrica e mecânica), consumo específico de combustível e custo operacional, calibrou-se primeiramente o motor para o uso de E0 e de E100. Os testes foram realizados em modo estacionário e dinâmico, cujas emissões foram medidas através do analisador de gases. No modo estacionário mediram-se as emissões de gases de exaustão em velocidade angular de 1000 e 2500 RPM (rotações por minuto); no modo dinâmico mediram-se além das emissões, a potência e o consumo de combustível com o motor submetido a 25% de carga a 2000, 2500, 3000 RPM e à carga total num dinamômetro ativo para até 290 kW. Os melhores resultados obtiveram-se para a mistura E20. Comparando-se com E0, a mistura E20 resultou uma média de 55,33%, 31%, 29,86% e 57,41% na diminuição das emissões de CO, O2, HC e de NOx, respectivamente, com um aumento médio das emissões de CO2 em 5,81%; foi observado também perda de 2,45% de potência líquida, além do aumento de 2,35%, 1,25%, 1,41%, 16,94% e 18,85% para eficiência térmica, eficiência volumétrica, eficiência mecânica, consumo específico de combustível e do custo operacional, respectivamente<br>This research has investigated the feasibility of using heterogeneous fuel blends composed of ethanol and compressed natural gas (CNG) in flex-fuel engines. In Brazil, such vehicles are fueled by E27 gasoline (up to 27% anhydrous ethanol and 73% gasoline), ethanol, CNG or any ethanol and gasoline blend. When running on CNG, they offer advantages due to lower carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions, although they are disadvantageous with respect to hydrocarbon emissions (HC) at low revolutions, especially if compared to being run on gasoline or ethanol, in addition to power loss ranging from 10 to 20%. Thus, it is aimed to find an ethanol-CNG blend whose combustion can reduce CO, HC and NOx emissions from flex-fuel engines in comparison with the CNG mode. Tests have been conducted on a 2000cc flex-fuel engine with two valves per cylinder. It was installed an electronic CNG injection system operating concomitantly with the liquid fuel injection system. Flows of ethanol (E100), CNG (E0) and different ethanol-CNG blends (E20, E40, E60, E80) were initially measured. In order to evaluate levels of CO2, CO, O2, HC and NOx emissions, efficiency (thermal, volumetric and mechanical), specific fuel consumption and operating cost, the engine was initially calibrated to run on E0 and E100. The emissions tests were performed in stationary and dynamic mode. In stationary mode, exhaust emissions were measured at 1000 and 2500 RPM (revolutions per minute); in dynamic mode, power and fuel consumption were measured while the engine was subjected to 25% load at 2000, 2500, and 3000 RPM, in addition to repeating exhaust gas and power tests at full load with an active dynamometer at up to 290 kW. Optimal results were obtained for blend E20. If compared to E0, E20 resulted in an average of 55.33%, 31%, 29.86% and 57.41% at reducing CO, O2, HC and NOX emissions, respectively, with increased CO2 emissions. It were also observed of 2.45% of gross power loss, besides an increase of 2.35%, 1.25%, 1.41%, 16.94% and 18.85% in thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, mechanical efficiency, specific fuel consumption and operating cost, respectively
6
Hayashida, Paulo Alexandre Pizara. "Desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de controle de detonação para otimização do torque em um motor de combustão interna flex." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-24092018-074932/.
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O presente trabalho aborda o gerenciamento eletrônico de motores de combustão interna flex, com foco no desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de controle do avanço de ignição em função da ocorrência de combustão anormal conhecida como detonação, para se maximizar o torque de saída do motor. Primeiramente, é desenvolvido um método para a medição da composição de combustível e correção dos parâmetros de tempo de injeção e avanço de ignição, através de um sensor de composição de combustível. Tais parâmetros são definidos através de mapas que trabalham como um sistema de malha aberta. Em seguida, é desenvolvido um método para a leitura e detecção de detonação, em que são estudadas as particularidades do fenômeno para diferentes composições de combustível e a sua relação com a variação da temperatura do gás de escape e torque de saída do motor. Através do método de detecção e do estudo do fenômeno, é desenvolvido uma estratégia para controle do avanço de ignição em função da ocorrência da detonação. Esta abordagem permite ao sistema aumentar o avanço quando não há ocorrência de detonação, mas este avanço adicional é cancelado quando ocorre detonação. O gerenciamento do motor é realizado através de uma ECU de desenvolvimento modelo Flex-ECU, as estratégias de gerenciamento são desenvolvidos através da plataforma ASCET e a aquisição de dados e calibração de parâmetros são executados em uma ferramenta de medição e calibração. Os benefícios que o controle do avanço de ignição traz ao torque do motor são analisados e discutidos em função da rotação e da composição de combustível utilizado.<br>The present investigation explores the electronic management of internal combustion engines flex fuel, in which the focus is the development of a strategy for the spark advance angle as function of the abnormal combustion occurrence known ad Knock, in order to maximize the output torque. First, a method is developed for measuring the fuel composition and correction of the injection time and spark advance angle parameters through a fuel composition sensor. This parameter is defined through maps that work as an open loop system. Then, a method for detection of knock is developed, the peculiarities of the phenomenon are studied for different fuel compositions and the relationship of the phenomenon with the variation of the exhaust gas temperature and the engine output torque. Through the method of detection and the study of the phenomenon, an algorithm is developed to control the spark advance angle due to the knock occurrence, in which the approach allows the system to increase the angle when there is no occurrence of knock, but this additional angle is reduced when knock is detected. Engine management is performed through a development ECU model Flex-ECU, management algorithms are developed through the ASCET platform and data acquisition and calibration of and parameters is performed through a measurement and calibration platform. The result that the spark advance angle control brings to the engine torque output is analyzed and discussed depending on the rotation and the fuel composition used.
7
Costa, Fabiano Tadeu Mathias. "Estimação da relação ar-combustível e do tipo de combustível utilizando o sinal de pressão no cilindro em um motor ciclo Otto alimentado com misturas de etanol e gasolina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-23082015-131423/.
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A pesquisa realizada tratou do estudo de modelos de estimação da relação ar-combustível e de identificação do tipo de combustível usando o sinal da pressão no cilindro em um motor quatro tempos automotivo, alimentado com gasolina brasileira tipo C, etanol e misturas destes combustíveis. Foi montada uma bancada dinamométrica para realização de testes em um motor originalmente projetado para operar com etanol e que possui relação de compressão de 13,44:1. Durante os testes do motor foram coletados dados referentes às variáveis de desempenho e emissões de gases de exaustão. Os dados coletados em plena carga foram analisados utilizando parâmetros estatísticos e confrontados com os resultados esperados segundo a literatura. As variáveis independentes disponibilizadas nos testes do motor foram utilizadas em conjunto com a aplicação do método dos momentos e da razão de pressões no sinal da pressão no cilindro para o desenvolvimento de novos modelos de estimação da relação ar-combustível e de identificação do tipo de combustível. Os modelos obtidos na presente pesquisa mostraram-se capazes de estimar a relação ar-combustível, sendo sensíveis à variação da composição do combustível nesta estimativa, e de identificar o tipo de combustível utilizado no motor.<br>This research addressed the study of models for estimating the air-fuel ratio and identifying the type of fuel by in-cylinder pressure signal in a four stroke automotive engine fueled with Brazilian gasoline C type, ethanol, and blends of these fuels. A dynamometer was assembled for tests in an engine originally designed to operate with ethanol and with a 13.44:1 compression ratio. During the engine tests, data were collected related to the performance and exhaustion gas emission variables. Data collected at full load were analyzed using statistical parameters and compared with the expected results according to the literature. The independent variables provided by the engine tests were used together with application of the method of moments and the pressure ratio for in-cylinder pressure in order to develop new models for estimating the air-fuel ratio and to identify the fuel type. The models obtained in this research proved to be capable of estimating the air-fuel ratio, being sensitive to the variation in the type of fuel used in such estimations, and of identifying the type of fuel used in the engine.
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Hudson, Christopher Allen. "Single-Phase, Single-Switch, Sensorless Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Utilizing a Minimal Artificial Neural Net." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34735.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have proved to be useful in approximating non-
linear systems in many applications including motion control. ANNs advocated in
switched reluctance motor (SRM) control typically have a large number of neurons
and several layers which impedes their real time implementation in embedded sys-
tems. Real time estimation at high speeds using these ANNs is diffcult due to the
high number of operations required to process the ANN controller. An insuffcient
availability of time between two sampling intervals limits the available computation
time for both processing the neural net and the other functions required for the motor
drive. One ideal application of ANNs in SRM control is rotor position estimation. Due
to reliability issues, elimination of the rotor position sensors is absolutely required for
high volume, high speed and low cost applications of SRM's. ANNs provide a means
by which drive designers can implement position sensorless drive technology that is
both robust and easily implemented.
It is demonstrated that a new and novel ANN configuration can be implemented
for accurate rotor position estimation in a sensorless SRM drive. Consisting of just
4 neurons, the neural estimator is the smallest of its kind for SRM rotor position
estimation. The breakthrough that provided the reduction was the addition of a non-
linear input. Typical input spaces for SRM position neural estimators consist of both
current,and fux-linkage. The neural network was trained on-line using these
inputs and a third, non-linear input provided by a preprocessed product of the two
typical inputs.<br>Master of Science
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Wallace, Mark. "The new flux switching motor : a DC motor without brushes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4496/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is principally concerned with the theoretical modelling, design, manufacture, performance testing, and development of a new type of low-cost electronically-commutated doubly-salient wound-field brushless DC-motor, named the flux-switching motor. The drive-system that was designed, and developed, was specifically intended to be used in a low-power application (2.5 horsepower, less than 2 kW output-power), according to a given specification Extensive testing using four prototype motors has been carried out in attempting to satisfy the specification. From this testing empirical modelling techniques have been demonstrated to be of use in the design of such motors. The motor is showing excellent promise for the future, when it should become a realistic alternative to currently available motors on the market.
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Yilmaz, Kurtulus. "Comparison Of Axial Flux And Radial Flux Brushless Dc Motor Topologies For Control Moment Gyroscope Wheel Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610565/index.pdf.
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In this thesis axial flux and radial flux brushless dc motors will be studied as a drive motor for the control of moment gyroscope wheel. Design equations for axial flux and radial flux brushless dc motor topologies will be reviewed. Based on these equations radial and axial flux motors with different number of poles will be designed that meet control moment gyroscope wheel application requirements. The results will be evaluated in terms of efficiency, torque/mass and torque/volume, and suitability for the control moment gyroscope application.
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Comanescu, Mihai. "Flux and speed estimation techniques for sensorless control of induction motors." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116338965.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 109 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-109). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Amreiz, Hassan Musa. "Transverse flux switched reluctance motors." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270782.
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Lobo, Nimal. "Doubly-Salient Permanent Magnet Flux-Reversal-Free-Stator Switched Reluctance Machines." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77978.
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A new hybrid machine having variable reluctance and permanent magnets (PMs) is presented. The machine makes use of the features of a PM machine and variable reluctance machine. The resulting machine is doubly salient and has a structure free of flux reversals. Unlike conventional doubly salient permanent magnet machines (DSPMs), the one proposed in this report is driven by unipolar currents and uses an asymmetric converter which is used to drive switched reluctance machines. The reason to have a new hybrid machine without the drawbacks of conventional flux-reversal-free-stator SRMs and conventional DSPMs is also described.
Conventional doubly salient permanent magnet machines which are driven by alternating currents, do not use reluctance torque and have flux reversals in the stator iron. Homopolar flux at the peak flux density lowers hysteresis and eddy-current loss, since the machine's core operates in only one magnetizing quadrant. Due to unbalanced forces in conventional stator-flux-reversal-free machines, their deployment in industrial and end-user applications has been hindered. The presented hybrid machine has balanced radial forces. Therefore, it maintains the advantages of conventional stator-flux-reversal-free machines while shedding its disadvantages. The proposed machine has significantly increased power density and is more electromechanically efficient than its predecessor. A experimental prototype motor has been designed and built. Its static torque characteristics correlated well with predicted data. Experimental operation of the drive under open loop speed control shows the efficiency to be 90.8% under non-ideal driving conditions. In the current energy conscious environment and market, this motor because of its high efficiency has a significant role in reducing the energy consumption in household, industrial and automotive applications requiring electric motors.<br>Ph. D.
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Fjällström, Emil. "Impact of Converter Modulation Strategies on the Losses in a Traction Motor." Thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163530.
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With an increased demand on high-efficiency electrical machines in traction applications, better understanding in the losses induced by the converter is needed. The harmonic losses from the converter are non-negligible part of the total losses in an induction machine, and these harmonic losses have been studied here with a focus on iron, skin-effect and proximity losses. The main goal of the thesis is to advise how the modulation method can be changed to lower these time harmonic losses in an induction machine. A model of the induction machine was created in the FEM(Finite Element Method) software FLUX. The iron, the proximity and the skin-effect losses were simulated in the FLUX model with different modulation method to analyse the time harmonic losses due to respective phenomena. The modulation method at higher operation is square-wave modulation, this is due to that maximum fundamental voltage has been reached. At lower operation, pulse width modulation is used, and the switching frequency can be increased to lower the time harmonics losses in the motor. The iron losses simulated in FLUX show that the losses increase with frequency even if the motor enters flux weakening operation at higher frequencies. The proximity phenomena gives rise to a distinct increase of resistive losses in the conductor closest to the air gap in the stator winding. The skin-effect phenomena affects the losses at square-wave modulation of high frequencies mostly as the time harmonics are larger and of low order.<br>Med en ökad efterfrågan på högeffektiva elektriska maskiner i traktionsapplikationer, måste man ha en högre förståelse i de förluster som induceras av frekvensomvandlaren. Förlusterna från frekvensomvandlaren är en icke försumbar del av de totala förlusterna i induktionsmaskinen. Förlusterna har här analyserats med fokus på järn-, skineffekt- och proximityförluster. Huvudsyftet med examensarbetet är att ge råd i hur moduleringsmetoden kan ändras för att sänka övertonsförlusterna i en induktionsmaskin. En modell av induktionsmaskinen skapades i FEM(Finita Elementmetoden) mjukvaran FLUX. Järn-, proximity- och skineffektförlusterna simulerades i FLUX-modellen med olika moduleringsmetoder för att analysera övertonsförluster på grund av respektive fenomen. Moduleringsmetoden vid högre drift är fyrkantmodulering, det är på grund av att maximal fundamental spänning har uppnåtts. Vid lägre drift har pulsbreddsmodulering använts och switchfrekvensen kan ökas för att sänka övertonersförlusterna i motorn. Järnförlusterna som simulerades i FLUX-modellen visar att förlusterna ökar med frekvensen även när motorn utsatts för fältförsvagning vid högre frekvensker. Proximityfenomenet ger upphov till en tydlig ökning av resistiva förluster i ledaren närmast luftgapet i statorlindningen. Skineffektfenomenet påverkar förlusterna på fyrkantsmoduleringen av höga frekvenser, mest på grund av att övertonerna är större och av låg ordning.
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Taylor, Cameron Roy. "Optimization of transverse flux motor for utilization in bionic joints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106047.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-97).<br>Though there have been remarkable advances in powered prosthesis technology over the past decade, design limitations of commercial electric motors are one of the main bottlenecks in meeting critical device requirements, such as minimum range on a single battery charge and acoustic emission restrictions. Traditional motor design focuses on motor development for operation at specific torques and velocities, but a motor design which minimizes the power loss over the torque-velocity profile of a bionic ankle is more precisely what is needed for our application. Considering the design requirement in this way lays the groundwork for a new design framework. Leveraging this problem statement, we herein develop a new motor design process generalizable to all applications requiring a variable but cyclic torque-velocity profile. We present a motor optimization package for cyclic variable torque-velocity motor design and demonstrate its viability in constrained optimization of a transverse flux motor for use in a bionic ankle. We further evaluate and present the intended use of this transverse flux motor for application in bionic joints, along with advantages and design hurdles of the planned system.<br>by Cameron Roy Taylor.<br>S.M.
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Shiwakoti, Rochak. "Design and Analysis of Modular Axial Flux Switched Reluctance Motor." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2680.
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This thesis presents a new modular structure of the axial flux Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). The design consists of four stator disks with each adjacent disk rotated 30 degrees apart and four rotor disks connected to a common shaft. The proposed design aims to reduce the unwanted radial force, mitigate the torque ripple, and improve the efficiency. The modular structure distributes the radial force and torque strokes along the axial length of the motor, potentially damping the torque pulsation. In addition, the modular structure would deliver the rating power at a lower current level, reducing the overall ohmic loss. Moreover, if a fault occurs on a motor disk or its control unit, the motor would still operate through other disks, increasing the reliability of the system. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed design, the magneto-static and transient performance of the motor are compared with the conventional single layer structure using 3-D Finite-Element (FE) software tool to see that the proposed motor performs better with lower torque ripple and lower radial force than a conventional single layer structure.
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Lacina, David. "Malý axiální motor pro čerpadlo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318186.
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This thesis aims to design a motor with axial magnetic flux, which could be used as a direct propeller of heart replacement pump. It is divided into several parts, first of which deals with describing possible axial motors construction design. Next follows up the description of possible motor designs, from which the non-ferrous one was chosen. After that, an analytic calculation of motor’s properties is conducted. Calculated parameters are thereafter verified by software tools using finite element method. Finally, the whole motor was manufactured and had its parameters tested and verified.
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Buøy, John Ola. "Development of high efficiency Axial Flux Motor for Shell Eco-marathon." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23648.
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In 2011 Lubna Nasrin designed an optimized in-wheel axial flux motor for the competition Shell Eco-Marathon. A motor was built for the 2012 competition by Fredrik V. Endresen. Testing of this motor showed however that the performance was nothing like the one anticipated by Nasrin?s. The conclusion was that the production methods were not good enough and this was the main reason for the poor result.A new motor was built for use in the 2013 competition. Several design improvements over the old motor which was built in 2010 has been made. Litz wire is used in the stator and Halbach array permanent arrangement in the rotors. Rims, axle and other mechanical parts have also been made brand new this year to try to make the best possible design.The assembly didn?t go without problems, but in the end the motor was fit to the car and tested. It was used in the competition where the team ended up with a third place in the battery electric class.Several tests were performed on the motor to identify how well it performed compared to the FEM results. Question marks have however been raised when it comes to the results of the test due to problems aligning the motor in the test bench. The results indicate rather high rotational losses, but also an induced voltage 35% lower than anticipated. This should not be critical though as the theoretical efficiency, rotational losses discarded, still is 99% with this value.The high eddy current and friction losses measured do however ruin the real efficiency of the machine.
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Novinschi, Anca. "Simulation and implementation of rotor flux control for an induction motor." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5208.
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Mularcik, Bradley S. "Virtual Moving Air Gap for the Speed Range Improvement of a Dual Stator Axial Flux Motor." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1340404856.
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Ertugrul, Baris Tugrul. "Sensorless Vector Control Of Induction Motor Based On Flux And Speed Estimation." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610297/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The main focus of the study is the implementation of techniques regarding flux estimation and rotor speed estimation by the use of sensorless closed-loop observers. Within this framework, the information about the mathematical representation of the induction motor, pulse width modulation technique and flux oriented vector control techniques together with speed adaptive flux estimation &ndash<br>a kind of sensorless closed loop estimation technique- and Kalman filters is given.
With the comparison of sensorless closed-loop speed estimation techniques, it has been attempted to identify their superiority and inferiority to each other by the use of simulation models and real-time experiments. In the experiments, the performance of the techniques developed and used in the thesis has been examined under extensively changing speed and load conditions. The real-time experiments have been carried out by the use of TI TMS320F2812 digital signal processor, XILINX XCS2S150E Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), control card and the motor drive card Furthermore, Matlab &ldquo<br>Embedded Target for the TI C2000 DSP&rdquo<br>and &ldquo<br>Code Composer Studio&rdquo<br>software tools have been used.
The simulations and experiments conducted in the study have illustrated that it is possible to increase the performance at low speeds at the expense of increased computational burden on the processor. However, in order to control the motor at zero speed, high frequency signal implementation should be used as well as a different electronic hardware.
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Cumbria, Neil M. "Robust controlled flux estimation for indirect field-oriented controlled induction motor drives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0023/MQ31386.pdf.
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Zagheli, Hossein Rahmatizadeh. "Flux and loss distribution in machine stator cores." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316343.
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Huzlík, Rostislav. "Motor-generátor pro vírovou turbínu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233693.
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The aim of this doctoral thesis is to design a motor-generator for swirl turbine. Swirl turbine is a relatively new type of turbine developed at the Department of Fluid Engineering Viktor Kaplan Energy Institute FME BUT. Swirl turbine is designed for use on small head, where the classical types of turbines either poor efficacy or are economically disadvantaged. As suitable construction for the motor-generator was selected synchronous machine with permanent magnets and with axial magnetic flow with coreless stator. As part of the work is carried out calculating the properties of turbines for defined operating point simulation model of the turbine. After already made draft motor-generator to optimally meet the characteristics of the turbine. The complete design of the motor-generator is validated by calculating the finite element method models. Designed machine must be able to work as a generator and as a motor, if it was necessary to use a turbine as a pump.
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Chai, Kao Siang. "Design & optimisation of the flux switching motor and drive with genetic algorithms." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30215.
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The Flux switching motor is a new class of reluctance machine that has demonstrated potential as a possible replacement for brushed-dc motor in many applications. However the design and optimisation of the motor and its drive system are rather complicated and not much past knowledge and guidelines are available to aid the engineer(s) in the design of the machine.;The development of flexible and versatile design optimisation software to facilitate the design and optimisation of FS motor and drive is presented. The design optimisation software incorporates a genetic algorithm optimisation tool and dynamic simulation model with third party finite element analysis software.;The developed genetic algorithm optimisation program integrated with finite element analysis software provides the engineer with the necessary optimisation tools capable of interfacing with the FEA software. This has allowed many FSM lamination designs to be created without any requirement of user feedback once the program is initialised. In addition the application of the developed design tool can also be extended to other electromagnetic devices.;A dynamic simulation model of the FS motor drive system has been developed. The model can either be used as a standalone program or be integrated into the optimisation software. The dynamic simulation model consisted of a simple time-stepping electrical equivalent circuit coupled with a switch control algorithm, a winding optimisation model and an iron loss model. When interfaced with the FEA software it can support rapid estimation of the motor dynamic performance. The developed optimisation software has been used to design and optimise FS motors and the results have demonstrated the potential of genetic algorithms in design optimisation of the machine.
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Thelin, Peter. "Design and Evaluation of a Compact 15 kW PM Integral Motor." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3322.
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<p>This thesis deals with the integral motor of tomorrow, and particularly with a variable speed, sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor with an integrated converter. The rated power is 15 kW at 1500 r/min. The outer dimensions are approximately the same as for the equivalent standard induction motor.</p><p>Control strategies for pumps and fans, i.e. suitable loads for variable speed motors, are briefly described. The huge energy savings that can be made by reducing the speed instead of throttling/choking the flow are pointed out. Compared to installing an induction motor with a separate converter, a PM integral motor will probably pay-off in less than a year.</p><p>A <i>totally analytical</i> expression for calculating the airgap flux density of permanent magnet motors with buried magnets is derived. The analytical expression includes axial leakage, and iron saturation of the most narrow part of the magnetic circuit of the machine.</p><p>A computer program for optimization of PM motors with buried magnets has been developed. It was used to design the manufactured prototype PM integral motor, and the parameters are investigated with analytical and/or FEM calculations. The optimization program is also used to suggest nearoptimum pole numbers for desired powers (4-37 kW) and speeds (750- 3000 r/min) of inverter-fed PM motors. Results show that compact buried PM motors should have relatively large airgaps and high NdFeB-magnet masses to improve the efficiency. Ferrite magnets are unsuitable.</p><p>Measurements on the manufactured PM motor, the novel concept of stator integrated filter coils, and the complete PM integral motor are presented. Special attention was given to temperature and overall efficiency measurements.</p><p>The rotor cage losses were investigated by time-stepping FEM. Four short circuit fault conditions were also examined in order to evaluate the risks of demagnetization of the buried magnets. </p>
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Endresen, Fredrik Vihovde. "Electric Motor Development for Shell Eco-Marathon : Manufacturing an ironless axial flux permanent magnet Motor with Hallbach array and Development of existing Motor for the Shell Eco-Marathon Competition." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19021.
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This thesis describes the process of making a new engine for the car DNV Fuel Fighter 2 that participated in the Shell Eco-Marathon Europe 2012 in Rotterdam. The decision was made to construct a new engine based on an optimized design by Lubna Nasrin. The engine is an ironless axial flux permanent magnet machine with Hallbach array. As a contingency plan there was the possibility to modify the engine used in 2010 and 2011 built by André Dahl-Jacobsen. The result of the process is that the new engine is operational and it has displayed an efficiency of 68 %. However the old engine has displayed an efficiency of 86 %. Because of this, the car raced with the old engine and had an energy consumption of 163 km/kWh. It is still believed that the new engine can be a very successful engine given that it is modified. The new engine has room for improvement especially with regards to stator production and wiring connections. Suggestions are made for how to achieve a higher efficiency. This thesis describes some of the practical engineering challenges that arise when constructing a novel motor. The construction of the Hallbach array is well described here.This work has been a part of a larger project where the end goal was to participate in and win the Shell Eco Marathon Europe. This means that the engine must not only perform well on its own. The engine must also function well with the other components technically and it must be possible to make it with the time and resources available. The development of new technology is expensive and it has therefore been a priority to find funding for this project. This will also be described.
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Gan, Jinyun, and 干金云. "Design, analysis and control of multiphase flux regulated permanent magnet brushless DC motor drives." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245304.
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Hasibuan, Ronaldo Gustav Pangihutan. "Analysis of Cooling System and Its Influence on Magnetic Flux Density in a Motor." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414929.
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After Michael Faraday invented the magnetism theory in 1821, the application of the permanent magnet machine was rapidly developed. The permanent magnet synchronous machine is one of the popular applications of electromagnetic theory, which is implemented in most electric vehicles nowadays. Since then, the trend of renewable electricity increased in order to reduce emission and electric vehicle popularity increased significantly. However, designing a motor that is able to rotate very fast for electric vehicle implementation is tricky. The cooling part is one of the important parts in order to achieve maximum performance of the motor. The power produced by the motor is related to the total induced voltage of the motor, while the magnetic flux is one of the key factors in order to achieve higher induced voltage. On the other hand, the magnetic flux is inversely proportional with the temperature, the magnetic flux density decreases as the temperature increases. In order to design a motor for electrical vehicle, cooling system design is one of the important thing to consider. The motor and cooling system design was built and studied using Comsol software, with the Finite Element Method (FEM) method used to analyse the model. Two cooling systems implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics were the water cooling and air cooling system. The air cooling is represented by a fan located above the motor, the flow of the air analyzed using a turbulence flow physics. The water cooling system designed as a pipe goes around the motor as a helix, the water flow inside the pipe analyzed as a laminar flow. The simulation also involves the heat transfer physics in solid and fluid considering the convection and conduction heat transfer. The result of the simulation showed the temperature distribution in the motor after two cooling systems implemented, the water and air cooling. The cooling system helps to reduce the temperature around the magnet in order to increase the torque of the motor by providing high magnetic flux and induced voltage in the stator winding. The temperature around the magnet decreased significantly after both cooling systems were implemented, in result the performance of the motor remained high. However, the simulated model is modified from the comsol tutorial model which does not really describe a permanent magnet machine.
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Chin, Yung-Kang. "A permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle - design analysis." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1763.
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<p>This thesis presents the study and the design analysis of apermanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for the tractionapplication of an electric vehicle. An existing inductiontraction motor for an electric forklift benchmarks the expectedperformances of the proposed PMSM design. Further, thepossibility of using the identical stator as the one used inthe induction motor is explored for the fast prototyping. Theprototype motor is expected to be field-weakened and to have aconstant power speed range (CPSR) of 2.5 to 3.</p><p>A design approach based on the CPSR contour plot in aninterior permanent magnet (IPM) parameter plane is derived toobtain the possible designs that meet all the designspecifications and the targeted CPSR. This study provides thepossible alternative designs for the subsequent futureprototype motors.</p><p>An analytical approach to estimate the iron loss in PMsynchronous machines is developed and included in the designprocedure. The proposed technique is based on predicting theflux density waveforms in the various regions of the machine.The model can be applied at any specified load condition,including the field-weakening operation region. This model canbe ultimately embedded in the design process for a routine usein loss estimations.</p><p>The first prototype motor with an inset permanent magnetrotor has been built and the available measurements are used tovalidate the design performance. In particular, the thermalanalyses based both on the lumped-circuit approach and thenumerical method are compared with the measured results. Asecond and possibly a third prototype motor targeting a widerand higher performance will be carried out in the continuingphase of the project.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Constant Power Speed Range, Electric Vehicles,Field-weakening, Reference Flux Linkage, Iron Loss, PermanentMagnet Synchronous Motor, Thermal Analysis</p>
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Colberg, Francis R. "Damage analysis of internal faults in flux concentrating permanent magnet motors." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25798.
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It is the purpose of the proposed research to develop a digital computer simulation
model to study the effects of an internal fault in a large permanent magnet ac synchronous
motor. Permanent magnet motors are being considered as an alternative for ships with
electric propulsion systems. In an electric propulsion system a large motor will be directly
connected to a propulsion shaft. A windmilling shaft will continue to turn the rotor of the propulsion motor after the motor has been disconnected from its electrical power supply
source.
Following an internal electrical fault in a propulsion motor, it is expected that the motor will be disconnected from its electrical supply source. With the ship operating at or near rated speed following a casualty to the propulsion plant, the ship will coast down to a stop or until the crew takes action to stop the ship. A windmilling permanent magnet
motor will generate a large enough internal voltage to continue to support large fault currents.
This research will focus on the fault transient and the motor behavior during the time that the propulsion shaft is windmilling. Shorting the motor terminals will be
considered as a means of reducing the power input into the fault.
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Colberg, Francis R. (Francis Rodolfo). "Damage analysis of internal faults in flux concentrating permanent magnet motors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36498.
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Thesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1994, and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).<br>by Francis R. Colberg.<br>M.S.<br>Nav.E.
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Kokko, V. (Voitto). "Condition monitoring of squirrel-cage motors by axial magnetic flux measurements." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514269381.
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Abstract
The aim of this research work is to develop a tool for condition monitoring of squirrel-cage motors using axial magnetic flux measurements, and to design a diagnostics system for electrical motors. The basic theory of the measurements and systems was found through literature reviews and was further developed from the experimental results of this research work.
Fluxgate magnetometers and Hall effect sensors are not reliable enough for condition monitoring purposes, but measurements by flux coil sensors can reach adequate reliability. The useful frequency area of the flux coil sensor is from about 0.2 Hz to 15 kHz, an area is well applicable for condition monitoring of squirrel-cage motors. Output voltage is frequency dependent, increasing towards higher frequencies. Sufficient sensitivity is usually reached by a flux coil sensor having a diameter of about 30 cm and the number of turns of about 200. Sensitivity can be improved by increasing the diameter or number of turns of the coil. The sensor should be placed axially centred on the end of the motor, and measurements should be made with the loaded motor in steady operation. Output voltage is typically from the microvolt to millivolt level, however, installation inside the motor can increase it from tens of millivolts to some volts. The dynamic resolution requirement of measurement is about 70 dB and the highest line resolution needed for the spectrum analysis is about 3200 lines.
Time base signal can be used to study rapid disturbances of flux caused by mechanical loading or switching of the frequency converter. Various motor failures cause specific variation to the frequency distribution of flux, so spectrum analysis is well applicable for condition monitoring. Reference measurement of each motor is required because stator winding factors, installation tolerances, operating conditions and mechanical load affect leakage flux. A broken rotor bar failure can be detected from the amplitude difference between the supply frequency and its rotor bar induced sideband. A broken rotor end ring failure can be detected by the amplitude difference between the slip frequency and the supply frequency. However, it was found that the stator current spectrum is a more reliable method of detecting both these rotor failures. The supply voltage asymmetry can also be evaluated by specific sidebands of axial flux. Turn to turn failure of the stator winding was most reliably detected by sidebands around the rotor slot pass frequencies. Equations for frequency converter supplied motors are the bases for similar equations, but the supply frequency is replaced by the output current frequency of the converter.
The developed diagnostics system design for condition monitoring of ac motors includes stator current, flux coil, temperature, vibration, partial discharge, bearing current and voltage measurements. At the system diagnosis stage these measurable signals are divided to time base and frequency base signals and for each of them a fault indicator is determined. For flux coil measurements four fault indicators were found: rotor bar failure ratio, rotor end ring failure ratio, stator winding turn to turn ratio and supply voltage asymmetry operation ratio. With these failure indicators we determine failure location, state and cause. From this information a lifetime prediction of the motor is made.
The results of this work are used to analyse flux coil measurements of squirrel-cage motors. In addition the research has led to a special application to monitor electric motors using an on-line condition monitoring system for paper machines and power plants.
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Yu, Chuang, and 余创. "Design, analysis and control of flux-mnemonic permanent magnet brushless machines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44769027.
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Dema, Kleita. "Sensorless Control of Inner Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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In this thesis, a speed observer is implemented to estimate the position and the speed of an IPMSM by injecting a voltage signal at high frequency. The fundamental principle is to track the position error through a PLL loop, instead of aiming to estimating the actual position. Several simulations are carried out to assess the performance of the control system to parameter variations. The stability and the robustness of the control system is proved at different speeds.
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Campos, Rafael de Farias. "Controle vetorial do motor de indução monofásico." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2008. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1895.
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Previous issue date: 2008-07-18<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The objective of this work is to study the rotor flux vector control applied to a single-phase induction motor drive. Initially, a mathematical model of the motor will be derived. The motor equations will be transformed to the stationary reference frame so that the angular dependency due to the asymmetry of the motor variables is eliminated. Then is discussed that single-phase induction motor can be viewed as a two-phase system. A mathematical model to derive the motor parameters is presented. The next step is to analyze the rotor flux vector control, pointing out the need for a symmetry transformation of the motor parameters. Two control methods are presented: direct rotor flux control and indirect rotor flux control. Theses control methods are validated through numerical simulations. Experimental analyses making use of a digital signal processor are carried out. The results obtained show the good dynamic response when the vector control method is applied to a single-phase induction motor drive system.<br>Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o acionamento do motor de indução utilizando o método de controle vetorial por fluxo de rotor. Inicialmente, desenvolvido o modelo matemático do motor de indução monofásico transformado o eixo estacionário para que seja eliminada a dependência angular das variáveis do devido à assimetria dos parâmetros do motor. É observado que o motor monofásico pode ser apresentado em configuração bifásica. Em seguida, um estudo de netrização do motor é realizado. O controle vetorial é analisado na seqüência, observando a necessidade de simetria dos parâmetros do motor para que haja um controle o do motor. São considerados dois métodos: controle direto do fluxo de rotor e indireto do fluxo de rotor. Analisa-se, também, o comportamento do controle de simulações numéricas Na seqüência,implementa-se experimentalmente o controle utilizando um processador digital de sinais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o estudado ao ser aplicado ao motor de indução monofásico apresenta uma boa ta
dinâmica para o sistema, tanto para método direto quanto para o método indireto.
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Zhang, Jinhui. "ELIMINATING THE POSITION SENSOR IN A SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVE ACTUATOR APPLICATION." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/343.
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The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is receiving attention because of its merits: high operating temperature capability, fault tolerance, inherent shoot-through preventing inverter topology, high power density, high speed operation, and small rotor inertia. Rotor position information plays a critical role in the control of the SRM. Conventionally, separate position sensors, are used to obtain this information. Position sensors add complexity and cost to the control system and reduce its reliability and flexibility. In order to overcome the drawbacks of position sensors, this dissertation proposed and investigated a position sensorless control system that meets the needs of an electric actuator application. It is capable of working from zero to high speeds. In the control system, two different control strategies are proposed, one for low speeds and one for high speeds. Each strategy utilizes a state observer to estimate rotor position and speed and is capable of 4 quadrant operation. In the low speed strategy a Luenberger observer, which has been named the inductance profile demodulator based observer, is used where a pulse voltage is applied to the SRMs idle phases generating triangle shaped phase currents. The amplitude of the phase current is modulated by the SRMs inductance. The current is demodulated and combined with the output of a state observer to produce an error input to the observer so that the observer will track the actual SRM rotor position. The strategy can determine the SRMs rotor position at standstill and low speeds with torques up to rated torque. Another observer, named the simplified flux model based observer, is used for medium and high speeds. In this case, the flux is computed using the measured current and a simplified flux model. The difference between the computed flux and the measured flux generates an error that is input to the observer so that it will track the actual SRM rotor position. Since the speed ranges of the two control stragegies overlap, the final control system is capable of working from zero to high speed by switching between the two observers according to the estimated speed. The stability and performance of the observers are verified with simulation and experiments.
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Saavedra, Ordóñez Harold. "Analysis and design of fault tolerant axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286323.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are attractive comparted to internal combustion engine powered vehicles due to several benefits, including low emissions, higher efficiency, less maintenance costs, stronger acceleration or lower fuel price, among others. EVs require traction motors with especial features, including high efficiency, high power and torque density, compactness, precise torque control, extended speed range. This work focuses on the analysis and optimal electromagnetic design of fault tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motors. The study is mainly based on the research of analytical design procedures and the effect of electrical faults in the motor behavior, according to the configurations of each machine. The study will be developed by using analytical tools, and validated by applying 2-D and 3-D finite element methods (FEM). A brief study about the main achievements regarding the design of fault tolerant machines is made, identifying the possible improvements and main rules of design in this kind of machines. Then a study focused on the requirements of a fault tolerant design is made, in order to select the appropriate motor configuration. Since the consequences of inter-turn faults can be catastrophic in PMSMs, chapter 3 studies the influence of the winding configuration on the detection of such faults. This detection is based on the analysis of the stator currents and the (zero-sequence voltage component) ZSVC spectra. Several types of winding configurations are selected for analysis i.e. fractional- and integral-slot windings, overlapping- and non-overlappingwindings, single- and double-layer, full- and short-pitch, constant- and variable-pitch windings. Taking into the fault tolerant tendencies about the redundancy of the system, the study of the effect of inter turn fault is extended to the five phase machine, thus a parametric model of the five-phase PMSM is developed, this model accounts for the effects of inter-turn faults. This parametric model is used to select the harmonic frequencies to be studied to detect such faults. Likewise, the amplitudes of these harmonic frequencies are further analyzed by means of FEM simulations, therefore showing the potential of the proposed system to detect inter-turn faults in their early stage, which is a desirable characteristic for a fault tolerant system. The demagnetization effect on AFPMM torque is also analyzed. The main objective was to study the influence of the magnet shape in the performance of an AFPMM working under faulty condition, in order to select the most suitable type of magnet for the design of a fault tolerant machine. After an exhaustive analysis of the main electromagnetic faults on PMSMs, the work is focused on the optimal electromagnetic design of an AFPMM. The optimal design is based on a set of analytical equations whose accuracy is validated by means of FEM simulations. Next, to find the optimal solution, the huge set of possible motor solutions is explored by means of computationally efficient optimization algorithms leading to an optimum solution while minimizing the computational burden. The set of analytical equations are solved to obtain the geometrical, electric and mechanical parameters of the optimized AFPMM and several design restrictions are applied to ensure fault tolerance capability, along with the recommended features that have been drawn from the fault analysis study. Finally, a dual outer rotor AFPMM with NN configuration for automotive applications is optimized by applying accurate analytical sizing equations and
taking into account fault tolerant constraints. For optimization purpose, a multi-objective design strategy is applied, in which the optimization variables are the motor efficiency and power density and ten input geometric and electric parameters are considered, with their respective bounds and constraints. At last the model is verified by applying 3D-FEM simulations and the main performance characteristics are compared.<br>Debido a las nuevas políticas de conservación medio ambiental, los vehículos eléctricos toman una posición más importante en la sociedad actual. Los motores eléctricos constituyen el corazón de la cadena de tracción de un EV, por esta razón se debe encaminar la investigación hacia el diseño de motores de mayor eficiencia y fiabilidad. Este trabajo se enfoca en el análisis y diseño óptimo de un motor de flujo axial con tolerancia a fallos. Como base, se parte de la investigación de los procedimientos analíticos de diseño de motores eléctricos y del estudio de los efectos de los fallos eléctricos en el comportamiento de estos, de acuerdo a la configuración específica de cada máquina. Para desarrollar esta tesis se hará uso de herramientas analíticas y de métodos de simulación basados en métodos finitos (FEM). En primera parte se hace un estudio del estado del arte del diseño de motores eléctricos tolerantes a fallos, en el cual se identifican las posibles configuraciones a usar y las principales reglas de diseño de estos motores. Debido a que las consecuencias de un cortocircuito entre espiras pueden ser catastróficas para el motor de imanes permanentes, en el siguiente capítulo se analiza su efecto en dependencia de la configuración de los devanados del motor, además de su posible detección. La detección del cortocircuito se basa en el análisis del espectro de frecuencias de las corrientes del estator y la componente homopolar de voltaje (ZSVC). Para este estudio se seleccionan los 5 tipos de bobinados generalmente usados en motores eléctricos. Tomando en cuenta las tendencias de sistemas tolerantes a fallos de utilizar la redundancia de elementos, el estudio del cortocircuito se extiende al motor de 5 fases, para esto se desarrolla un modelo paramétrico del motor, el cual es utilizado para seleccionar los armónicos de frecuencias que permitan la detección del cortocircuito entre espiras en su fase más temprana. De la misma manera estos armónicos son analizados en modelos de simulación por elementos finitos, probando su potencial para el desarrollo de algoritmo de detección de fallos, característica deseable en los sistemas tolerantes a fallos. En última parte de este capítulo se estudia el efecto de la desmagnetización en el comportamiento de motores, en particular la influencia de la forma de los imanes cuando el motor funciona en régimen de fallo, como conclusión de este estudio se selecciona la forma de imán que mejor se comporta ante este tipo de fallos. Una vez analizado los posibles fallos eléctricos en el motor, el trabajo se centra en el diseño electromagnético óptimo de una máquina de flujo axial. El diseño optimo se apoya en el uso de ecuaciones analíticas del motor (AFPMM) y se valida por medio de simulaciones FEM. Para lograr el diseño óptimo de hace uso de algoritmo de optimización heurísticos, en particular los algoritmos genéticos. A estos algoritmos se les aplica las restricciones anteriormente encontradas en los estudios de fallos y en el estado de arte de motores tolerantes a fallos. Finalmente aplicando una serie de ecuaciones analíticas y teniendo en cuenta las restricciones de un diseño tolerante a fallos previamente seleccionadas se obtiene el diseño electromagnético óptimo de un motor de flujo axial tolerante a fallos. Para el proceso de optimización se utilizan algoritmos genéticos multi-objetivos en donde se busca maximizar la densidad de potencia y la eficiencia. Por último, el modelo del motor pentafásico de flujo axial es verificado por medio de simulaciones en elementos finitos.
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Sheng-JIe-Bai and 白勝傑. "Single Phase Axial Flux Switching Motor Design." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94te9g.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>103<br>Flux-switching motor is a newly developed motor which became popular in recent years. Its structure is similar to switched reluctance motor, its rotor and stator are all salient structure, armature winding and field winding are wound in the stator. There are two main advantages of this: one being its simple structure makes it stable and durable. Secondly, the heat in the motor can be dissipated easily, because all of excitation source are located in the stator.
This research aims to design a single-phase axial switching flux motor. Its specification is modeled on the DC series wound motors which is currently on market. The design starts with specific torque-speed curve analysis so the number of rotor and stator slots poles can be decided. and do a preliminary design based on the appearance of a DC series wound motor. Followed by a sensitivity analysis to find out the appropriate parameters, which are used improve the preliminary design. Besides the analysis and simulations, a prototype of the motor is also made to verify the simulation results.
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Lin, HAO-CHAO, and 林浩超. "Design of Flux Switched Permanent Magnet Motor." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26022913079504330027.
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碩士<br>南臺科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>105<br>Because of the rising issue of energy saving and carbon reduction, caused the price increase of rare-earth material. Then the flux-switched permanent magnet (FSPM) motor was applied gradually to the electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles for pollution-free. This can instead of the traditional interior permanent synchronous magnet motor or brushless DC motor with rare-earth material. It also can reduce much of volume and weight of the electric motorcycle.
In this paper, first, we designed an inner router 12S/14P FSPM motor to replace the IPM and BLDC contained rare earth material, then we used the same specification to design an outer router 12S/14P FSPM motor. After that, we compared this two kinds each other. In the original FSPM motor design, we can use the formula to find the feasible combination of the feasibility of the amount both slot and poles and suited the specification, then design the construction of motor. Second, we did the performance of motor design, finite element analysis, obtain Back EMF waveform and mechanical design. Then, we analysis all those data and the computer simulation’s conclusion was:
1. The FSPM motor’s torque too small to reach the original design.
2. The outer router 12S/14P FSPM motor’s Back EMF waveform was DC48V, output power was 350W. It was suited the original design.
Finally, we used the finite element analysis (FEA) to find the suitable mechanical dimensions for the motor and use both analytical and numerical results for determining the motor that compliance with initial requirements. We used the specification to create inner/outer FSPM motor together with motor machining and actual test, then used the generator mode to test and got the conclusion was: At the 400rpm, the output power was 187W, the Cogging Torque was 0.36 Nm. Compare with analysis data and actually test, we found the output power had inaccuracy and it should modify the parameter to reach the specification.
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Liu, Chia-Hsi, and 劉佳熹. "Optimal Design of Axial Flux Wheel Motor." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37661317774150218006.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>機械工程學系研究所<br>86<br>Recently, direct-driven wheel motors have been widely applied to electric
vehicles, where transmission mechanism and gearbox are not necessary, and ther
efore, mechanical loss can be avoided. Axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) moto
rs can be designed and constructed to achieve a higher torque-to-weight ratio
and motor efficiency, and are suitable for wheel motor applications. This pape
r presents the procedure of an optimal design of axial-flux permanent motors.
First, a set of mathematical models is developed to describe the APFM design i
n terms of the design variables. Then, the optimal shape of motor is determine
d by the optimization technology to meet various specifications and constraint
s. The design results are investigated by the 2D electromagnetic analysis, and
the final design decision is made through engineering experience and manufact
uring requirements.
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Shih, Fu-Tsun, and 石富存. "DSP Based Brushless Motor Driver for Flux-Weakening Control." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01652065119533621510.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>電機工程學系研究所<br>90<br>The design of this thesis intends to present that 120° Communication and Flux-Weakening Control techniques can be successfully applied to a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) together with the hardware structure of an inverter.
Experimental results are shown that utilizing IPM Motor as Drive Motor of Electric Vehicle, 120° Communication techniques can reduce ripple torque and maintain the stability of output torque. Furthermore, through Phase advanced control motor, it enables a higher output torque during the mid-lower speed. Using Flux-Weakening Control helps motor from higher output speed to the highest output speed.
Moreover, the security of motor driver can be enhanced by designing circuit, which prevents over voltage. The function of motor driver will be better due to the decreased hardware size and increased accuracy that are the advantage of writing DSP scripts to analyze rotor speed.
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葉官�Q. "Shaft-sensorless stator flux orientation control of induction motor." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95657843864014469942.
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Zhao, Ying-Zhi, and 趙英志. "Development of a Direct-Drive Axial Flux Wheel Motor." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55403443847631481348.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>機械與機電工程學系碩士班<br>93<br>The purpose of this paper is to design a direct-drive axial flux wheel motor. The motor dimensions are determined based on the required rating. A set of magnetic circuit models are used to calculate the basic motor characteristics and the design which has the shortest axial length is selected. The static and dynamic performance of the designed motor are calculated and verified with a finite element software. A prototype motor and driver is built to verify the performance of the motor experimentally. Finally, a passive magnetic bearing is designed to reduce the radial force acting on the motor bearings; the analysis shows that the bearings’ life can be extended with this design.
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Albert, Liu, and 劉大川. "DSP-Based Robust Stator-Flux-Oriented Induction Motor Drive." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31743230857697587013.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>86<br>To solve the problem of detuning due to parameter variations in the currentdecoupled control of a direct stator-flux-oriented induction motor (IM) drive,two approaches for the rotor time-constant estimation are presented in thisstudy. The first approach is based on the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) using an energy function, and the second approach is based on thesliding mode technique. The estimated rotor time-constant is used to updatethe rotor time-constant in the current decoupled controller on line, whichis designed to decouple the torque and flux in the stator flux field-orientedcontrol. To increase the accuracy of the estimated rotor time-constant, theestimation methods is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP). Theeffectiveness of the proposed estimation methods is demonstrated by some simu-lation and experimental results. Moreover, the influence of the variations ofmotor parameters to the accuracy of the proposed estimation approach isdiscussed.
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Cheung, Cheng-Huei, and 張崢輝. "Analysis and Optimal Design of Axial Flux Wheel Motor." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80838751761000541718.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>機械工程學研究所<br>88<br>Axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors can be designed to achieve a higher torque-to-weight ratio and motor efficiency, and are suitable for wheel motor applications. In permanent magnet reluctance motors, both magnets and electric steel are placed in the rotor. A reluctance torque component is added to total torque while there are steel in the rotor. This paper presents the procedure of an optimal design of APFM motor, including brushless dc motor and permanent magnet reluctance motors. First, a set of mathematical model is developed to describe the APFM design in terns of the design variables. Then the optimal shape of motor is determined by the optimization technology to meet various specifications. The design results are investigated by the 2D electromagnetic analysis. Finally comparison of brushless dc motor and permanent magnet reluctance motors is made.
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CHEN, GUAN-YI, and 陳管弋. "Predictive Control of Sensorless Switching Flux Motor Drive Systems." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sb379v.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>105<br>This thesis investigates the rotor position estimation and predictive controller for a three-phase DC excited flux-switching sensorless drive system. First, a high frequency voltage is injected into the excitation winding. Then, the high frequency current at the excitation winding and the high frequency equivalent q-axis current at the armature winding are measured to determine the estimated rotor position. After that, a speed-loop predictive controller is implemented to achieve quick transient responses, good tracking ability, and good external load rejection ability.
In this paper, some hardware circuits are implemented with the software of the digital signal processor, TMS320F2808 to control the flux-switching drive system. Experimental results can validate the feasibility and correctness of the theoretical analysis for the sensorless drive system. Experimental result show the adjustable speed is from 10 r/min to 600 r/min, and the estimated position error is from -6 electric degrees to 6 electric degrees.
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He, Sheng-Han, and 何昇翰. "Flux Weakening Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9fz7b6.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電機工程系所<br>103<br>The main purpose of this thesis is to study the flux weakening control technique of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. First, the mathematical model of PMSM is investigated. The motor parameters are used to design the current and speed controllers. To drive the inverter, Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique is adopted to adjust the active switching time. Moreover, to extend the DC link voltage utilization, the modulation index is used to modify the magnitude or/and angle of voltage vector.
In this thesis, the control techniques are verified through the simulation software, SIMULINK, and implemented using DSP (TMS320F28035). The specifications of the experimental interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives include: rated speed 3000 rpm, maximum speed 4500rpm and 10 kHz of PWM switching frequency. From the simulation and experiment results, the feasibility of the presented techniques is confirmed.
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Tseng, Chun-Chih, and 曾群智. "Design Optimization of Axial Flux Motor by Genetic Algorithm." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fuqygq.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>106<br>This thesis investigates design optimization of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor. Comparing to traditional radial flux motor, axial flux motor have the advantages of higher power density, torque density and space utilization. A finite element analysis software is used for machine design and performance analysis. The specification and dimensions of the initial design model is based on a 5.0 kW axial flux machine produced by EMRAX. After the initial design, machine structure parameters such as PM width, shoe width, and core high selected as the control variables for sensitivity analysis and single variable optimization. Motor output torque, power density, and lower torque ripple are chosen as the optimization objectives. After the preliminary optimization, variables with greater influences to the objectives were selected for multi-variable optimization using genetic algorithms. The final finite element calculation results show that, comparing the proposed optimized design to the initial design, motor output torque and power density increased 5.8% and 15.6%, respectively, and torque ripple reduced 51.2%.
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Chang, Che-Wei, and 張哲維. "Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Switched Reluctance Motor with Axial Flux and Radial Flux." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89172855420294220390.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>機械工程系所<br>102<br>Designing in-wheel motors for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles has already attracted attention in recent years. The choice of motors for both electric vehicles and hybrids is generally determined by three factors: weight, efficiency and cost. Hence, the permanent magnet brushless motors that have the lightest weight and maximum efficiency are becoming the mainstream of electric vehicle drive systems nowadays. However, based on the cost of rare earth metals of the permanent magnet consideration in the future, reluctance motors without using rare earth metals have become interesting research topics.
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is gaining widespread interest as a candidate for electric and hybrid electric vehicle due to its simple structure, ruggedness, ability of fault-tolerance, extremely high-speed operation, high power density and low manufacturing cost. However, for vehicle applications, the disadvantages of SRM are the generation of acoustic, vibration and torque ripple. According to the literatures, the dominant source of acoustic noise and vibration are radial force produced by radial motor and axial force produced by axial motor. The unique salient pole structure of stator and rotor and nonlinear inductance contributes the higher torque ripple. This study establishes the computer-aided design process of SRM. By deriving the motor output equation and feasible triangle method, the size of SRM can be roughly decided. Then according to the analytical results of air gap permeance at aligned and unaligned position with equivalent magnetic analysis where the flux linkage curves at aligned and unaligned position can be obtained from. Furthermore, by finding out the product of current and turns which produces the maximum variation of co-energy determine the optimum current and turns. Finally, use the finite element method to verify the performance of motors.
This study also proposed a novel SRM with axial and radial air gap to make the flux flow have both radial and axial directions. The motor is hence called hybrid flux SRM. The purpose is to increase the output torque and reduced acoustic and vibration problem. The rotor of HSRM is composed of radial and axial rotor pole to lower the radial and axial force for reducing acoustic noise and vibration. The stator of HSRM is constructed by several independent C-core stators. The features of this C-cores are wound individually and automatically without complex and expensive winding equipment, low production cost, more space of motor slot and better thermal dissipation. Based on the design process which has been already established, the HSRM is designed and implemented in this study. Finally, the performance of HSRM is compared with the traditional SRM and other motors.