Relevant bibliographies by topics / Motor fluctuations

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Motor fluctuations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Motor fluctuations"

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Factor, Stewart A. "Parkinson’s disease: Motor fluctuations." Current Treatment Options in Neurology 1, no. 1 (February 1999): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-999-0029-1.

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van Laar, T., and K. Bayulkem. "1.001 PD: Motor and non-motor fluctuations." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 13 (January 2007): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70352-3.

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Kim, Aryun, Han-Joon Kim, Chae Won Shin, Ahro Kim, Yoon Kim, Mihee Jang, Yu Jin Jung, Woong-Woo Lee, Hyeyoung Park, and Beomseok Jeon. "Emergence of non-motor fluctuations with reference to motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 54 (September 2018): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.020.

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Kleiner, Galit, Hubert H. Fernandez, Kelvin L. Chou, Alfonso Fasano, Kevin R. Duque, Diana Hengartner, Albie Law, et al. "Non‐Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease: Validation of the Non‐Motor Fluctuation Assessment Questionnaire." Movement Disorders 36, no. 6 (February 15, 2021): 1392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.28507.

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Dewey, Richard B. "Medical Management of Motor Fluctuations." Neurologic Clinics 26, no. 3 (August 2008): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2008.05.006.

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Denny, Anto P., and Madhuri Behari. "Motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 165, no. 1 (May 1999): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00052-0.

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Nutt, J. G., S. T. Gancher, and W. R. Woodward. "Motor fluctuations in parkinson's disease." Annals of Neurology 25, no. 6 (June 1989): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410250619.

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Fernandez, W., G. Stern, and A. J. Lees. "Hallucinations and parkinsonian Motor Fluctuations." Behavioural Neurology 5, no. 2 (1992): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/970751.

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Thirty patients with Parkinson's disease experiencing hallucinations during long-term treatment were compared with 20 parkinsonian patients without hallucinations. No differences were found in the duration of disease, L-dopa treatment or disease severity between the two groups. The hallucinators however, were significantly older and more cognitively impaired. Visual hallucinations occurring only during “off periods of immobility” were relatively common and improved concurrently with parkinsonian disabilities after L-dopa. Although visual hallucinations were commonest auditory hallucinations occurred in one third of the hallucinators.
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Hinson, Vanessa K. "Parkinson’s Disease and Motor Fluctuations." Current Treatment Options in Neurology 12, no. 3 (March 30, 2010): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-010-0067-8.

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Kikuchi, Seiji. "Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease." Journal of Neurology 254, S5 (September 2007): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-007-5006-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motor fluctuations"

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Lindén, Martin. "Stochastic modeling of motor proteins." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teoretisk fysik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4664.

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Motor proteins are microscopic biological machines that convert chemical energy into mechanical motion and work. They power a diverse range of biological processes, for example the swimming and crawling motion of bacteria, intracellular transport, and muscle contraction. Understanding the physical basis of these processes is interesting in its own right, but also has an interesting potential for applications in medicine and nanotechnology. The ongoing rapid developments in single molecule experimental techniques make it possible to probe these systems on the single molecule level, with increasing temporal and spatial resolution. The work presented in this thesis is concerned with physical modeling of motor proteins on the molecular scale, and with theoretical challenges in the interpretation of single molecule experiments. First, we have investigated how a small groups of elastically coupled motors collaborate, or fail to do so, when producing strong forces. Using a simple model inspired by the motor protein PilT, we find that the motors counteract each other if the density becomes higher than a certain threshold, which depends on the asymmetry of the system. Second, we have contributed to the interpretation of experiments in which the stepwise motion of a motor protein is followed in real time. Such data is naturally interpreted in terms of first passage processes. Our main conclusions are (1) Contrary to some earlier suggestions, the stepping events do not correspond to the cycle completion events associated with the work of Hill and co-workers. We have given a correct formulation. (2) Simple kinetic models predict a generic mechanism that gives rise to correlations in step directions and waiting times. Analysis of stepping data from a chimaeric flagellar motor was consistent with this prediction. (3) In the special case of a reversible motor, the chemical driving force can be extracted from statistical analysis of stepping trajectories.
QC 20100820
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Blanc, Florian. "Exploring chemo-mechanical transduction in the myosin molecular motor through computer simulations." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF066/document.

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La vie repose sur des conversions d’énergie libre assurées par des machines moléculaires. Parmi elles, la myosine couple l’hydrolyse de l’ATP à la production de force sur l’actine par basculement d’un « bras de levier ». Compléter le cycle requiert une étape de régénération, ou recovery stroke, où le moteur retourne dans sa configuration armée et hydrolyse l’ATP. Comprendre ce couplage chimio-mécanique est critique pour révéler les principes de fonctionnement des moteurs moléculaires. Cette thèse aborde la question via des simulations moléculaires. Partant d’une nouvelle structure cristallographique de la myosine VI, nous proposons un mécanisme original pour le recovery stroke dans lequel la remise en place du bras de levier est déclenchée par les fluctuations thermiques et précède la fermeture du site actif, au contraire des modèles précédemment acceptés
Life relies on free energy conversions performed by molecular machines. Among them, myosin couples the hydrolysis of ATP to force production on actin through a swing of a « lever-arm ». Completing the cycle requires a regeneration step, the recovery stroke, in which the motor returns to its armed configuration and hydrolyzes ATP. Understanding this chemo-mechanical coupling is critical to unravel the functioning principles of molecular motors. In this thesis, we tackle the problem using molecular simulations. Capitalizing on a new crystal structure of myosin VI, we propose an original mechanism for the recovery stroke in which the re-priming of the lever arm is driven by thermal fluctuations and precedes the closure of the active site, unlike previously accepted models
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Talbot, Louise. "Psychological outcome in people with Parkinson’s disease and their spouses : the effect of motor fluctuations." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431392.

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Pursiainen, V. (Ville). "Autonomic dysfunction in early and advanced Parkinson's disease." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514283888.

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Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to affect both the extrapyramidal system and the autonomic nervous system even in the early phases of the disease. This study was designed to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic regulation in early PD by measuring heart rate (HR) variability from 24-hour ECG recordings. The dynamics of blood pressure (BP), HR and sweating in patients with and without wearing-off were assessed during clinical observations after a morning dose of levodopa. In patients with wearing-off the tests were repeated after selegiline withdrawal. The power spectral components of HR variability and the SD1 value of the Poincaré analysis that quantifies the short-term beat-to-beat variability were suppressed at night in the PD patients. During the daytime only the SD1 of the Poincaré was suppressed. The results indicate impairment of parasympathetic cardiovascular regulation in untreated patients with PD. The dysfunction was more pronounced at night and in patients with more severe PD. The patients with wearing-off had fluctuation of BP during the observation period, BP increasing when the motor performance worsened and vice versa (p < 0.001). The patients without wearing-off did not show fluctuation of BP. Sweating increased during the observation period, and reached its maximum level at the time of the highest UPDRS motor score phase (off-stage) in patients with wearing-off, but in the patients without wearing-off no changes in sweating were observed. Sweating of the hands was significantly higher in PD patients with motor fluctuations than in those without. Selegiline withdrawal decreased systolic BP significantly during the on-stage in a supine position as well as during the orthostatic test. The initial drop of BP in the orthostatic test was significantly smaller after selegiline withdrawal. The HR and sweating remained unaffected. The results show that the autonomic nervous system is affected in the early phases of PD. The dysfunction becomes more pronounced with the disease progression. Wearing-off type motor fluctuations are associated with fluctuation of BP and sweating and these fluctuations may represent autonomic dysfunction caused by PD, the effect of PD medication, or both. Selegiline withdrawal seems to alleviate the orthostatic reaction in patients with advanced PD.
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Monte, Francisca Sueli. "ComplicaÃÃes relacionadas a progressÃo da doenÃa de Parkinson e ao uso de levodopa: um estudo sobre flutuaÃÃes motoras e funÃÃo orofaringea." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2003. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=141.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
Pacientes com doenÃa de Parkinson (DP) desenvolvem freqÃentemente flutuaÃÃes motoras com perda de beneficio terapÃutico. A levodopa permanece como agente dopaminÃrgico mais efetivo, entretanto, apÃs alguns anos de tratamento observa-se geralmente flutuaÃÃes motoras e discinesias. A ocorrÃncia destas complicaÃÃes à responsÃvel por incapacidade e constituem desafio terapÃutico. PublicaÃÃes recentes tÃm sugerido que a amantadina, inicialmente prescrita como uma substÃncia com atividade antiviral, poderia reduzir as discinesias em pacientes com DP. A disfunÃÃo orofarÃngea tambÃm à freqÃentemente observada em pacientes com DP e à posteriormente uma causa de aspiraÃÃo silenciosa que conduz a pneumonia e eventualmente morte. Neste estudo, avaliamos o efeito da amantadina nas discinesias e flutuaÃÃes motoras induzidas por levodopa em pacientes com DP. Utilizamos desenho duplo-cego, randomizado e controlado por placebo. Durante o estudo foram randomizados 20 pacientes, tendo 16 completado o protocolo conforme o planejado. No grupo tratado com amantadina, foi observada reduÃÃo da duraÃÃo da discinesia (p=0.037). NÃo foram relatadas, nem observadas reaÃÃes adversas apÃs uso da amantadina. Neste estudo observou-se uma reduÃÃo das dicinesias nos pacientes tratados com amantadina. Foram avaliados 15 pacientes com DP e portadores de discinesia induzida por levodopa, 12 pacientes com DP sem discinesias, e 7 controles. Os pacientes com DP e discinesia apresentaram eficiÃncia de deglutiÃÃo semelhante ao grupo controle. A eficiÃncia da deglutiÃÃo foi significativamente menor no grupo de pacientes com DP sem discinesia do que no grupo controle (p=0,02). EpisÃdios de aspiraÃÃo foram observados em apenas um paciente. De acordo com este estudo, a presenÃa de discinesia nÃo foi associada a piora da funÃÃo orofarÃngea dos pacientes com DP, o que reforÃa o conceito que outros sistemas diferentes do dopaminÃrgico possam estar envolvidos na gÃnese da disfunÃÃo orofarÃngea na DP
Patients presenting with ParkinsonÂs disease (PD) frequently develop motor fluctuations and loss of therapeutic benefit. Levodopa is the most effective dopaminergic agent, however, after some years of treatment motor fluctuations and dyskinesias are commonly observed. These complications are a source of disability and a therapeutic challenge. Previous studies have shown that amantadine, initially prescribed as an anti-viral substance, potentially reduce dyskinesia in PD patients. Oropharyngeal dysfunction are also frequently seen in PD patients. The latter is a cause of unsuspected aspiration leading to pneumonia and eventually death. Presently, we evaluated the effects of amantadine on daytime fluctuations and dyskinesia in PD. We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Twenty PD cases were randomized and 16 finished the study. In those treated with amantadine, a reduction of the duration of dyskinesia was observed (P=0,037). In this study, adverse drug reactions were not registered. We conclude that a reduction of dyskinesia was associated with the use of amantadine in PD patients. We have also studied the oropharyngeal function through videofluorocopy. We evaluated 15 patients with PD presenting dyskinesia, 12 cases with PD without dyskinesia and 7 age-matched control. Patients with PD and dyskinesias had oropharyngeal swallowing efficiency similar to control. Patients with PD and without dyskinesia had a significant reduction of oropharyngeal swallowing efficiency in relation to control (P=0,02). Silent aspiration was observed in only one case. According to this study, dyskinesia was not associated with worsening of oropharyngeal function in PD which reinforce the concept that other systems different from dopamine may be involved in the genesis of oropharyngeal dysfunction in PD.
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Nordbeck, Patric C. "On the selection of task solutions under impaired motor control: Short-term effects on functional performance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583154734687322.

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Pérez, Carrasco Rubén. "Mechano–chemical study of rotatory molecular motors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108039.

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Cells are the minimum unit of life. They are born, they eat, the may grow, they may move, and, eventually, they die. By contrast, from a physicist point of view, cells are systems out of equilibrium continuously transducing between matter, energy and information. This transduction is what grants the cell their active properties. In order to perform such tasks, cells have a set of macromolecules, a machinery, which are called, Molecular Motors or Molecular Machines. The operation of molecular motors is multiple. For instance, kinesins are molecular motors able to transport cargoes along the cell, or the Bacterial Flagellar Motor works as a nanometric ionic turbine transmitting its rotation to bacterial flagella propelling the cell. The energy input of such nanometric devices have two primary sources. On one hand the hydrolysis of nucleotide derivatives, such as ATP. On the other hand, molecular motors can also be found in biological membranes obtaining energy from the natural flux of ions crossing the membrane due to mechano-chemical energetic differences at each side. The recycling of ATP molecules takes place in another molecular machine, the F0F1 ATP synthase. F0F1 is made up of two subunits that can be separated themselves in two different molecular machines. This way, the F1 motor can couple a rotatory motor with the synthesis/hydrolysis of ATP. Understanding the working of molecular motors is not straightforward. The transduction processes result from a complex set of interactions of all the molecules conforming the motor plus all the interactions with the surrounding molecules. Thus, different approaches with different levels of abstraction are necessary. In the current thesis, molecular motors are studied through the identification of the energetic transduction cycles out of the trajectory of the motor. Trajectories allow to identify the different mechanical and chemical processes driving the motor and allow to propose a spatio-temporal potential for the motor that give information of the energetic performance of the motor such as power and efficiency. This analysis is performed on the F1 motor (in its hydrolysis regime). Such analysis allowed to identify the origin of two well differentiated mechanical and chemical processes that were quantified by means of the reaction kinetics theory and the overdamped dynamics associated with the nanometric biological scale. From this analysis resulted a prediction for the average velocity of the motor with the experimental control parameters. The resulting velocity matches experimental measures of the average velocity without fitting any parameter since all the parameters needed can be extracted from alternative experimental assays. The appealing results of the average velocity lead to a proposal of motor potential for the F1 motor consisting on two linear piece-wise potentials flashing between them. Each potential presenting the experimental characteristics observed when the catalytic site of the motor is empty or occupied. The potential also hold the substepping mechanism observed experimentally. Thus, the resulting potential can be tested, together with the overdamped dynamics of the potential and the thermal fluctuations characteristic of the biological cellular scale. This results in a Langevin equation leading the dynamics of the motor. Again, the stochastic dynamics proposed are able to reproduce the velocity of the motor returning a better approximation than the deterministic approach. As happened in the previous case, there is no fitting in the parameters to test the validity of the velocity expression. Actually, the model is able to predict the measured substep angle from optimisation arguments. The mismatch between the deterministic and the stochastic results was identified as a result of a loss of ATP hydrolysis events due to thermal fluctuations that has been also properly quantified through the Fokker-Planck formalism of the corresponding Langevin equation. The motor potential proposed was also used to study experimental assays of the F1 motor working against conservative forces. The effect of a conservative torque in the working of the motor contains contributions both mechanical and chemical. Altogether, this contributions were successfully addressed presenting again an analytical and stochastic prediction for the velocity of the motor that matches the experimental observations without the need of any parameter fitting. This analysis also entailed a study of the energetic performance of the motor which is unavailable experimentally. The results show a complete divergence between the stochastic and deterministic predictions. The divergence is specially dramatical near the stall force of the motor where the determenistic analysis predicts an efficiency maximum and the stochastic analysis returns a null efficiency. This points out that the stochastic effects are very relevant to the energetic performance of the motor and can not be missed in a proper energetic study of a molecular machine. Besides the study of the F1 motor, also a rotatory device working with an ionic flux was analised. The aim of the analysis was the devise of a minimal mechanistic turbine and the study of its main working features. Such a machine is composed by a mobile piston with periodic boundary conditions at both ends of a nanometric channel separating two particle reservoirs. Hence, the turbine is able to transduce energy between the flux of ions and an external force hindering the natural motion of the piston. Again, thermal fluctuations provide a stochastic dynamic that must be studied through a Langevin equation that can be tackled analytically. This study revealed that the velocity and the flux are not coupled. Specially, two different stall forces appear for the motor. One for the velocity and one for the flux. This results in an intermediate zone where there is a continuous leakage of ions that does not allow any energetic output. This effect is originated from thermal fluctuations. Thus, when the energetic performance is evaluated, a similar behaviour than the one obtained for the F1 motor is recuperated. This minimal model was extended with more complex turbines that take into account more thoroughly the biophysics of molecular machines. All of them result in the same energetic landscape where a minimum of efficiency is obtained near the stall of the motor. Additionally, a new formalism has been developed to simplify the resulting Langevin equations (Fokker-planck white noise limit) and a new algorithm has been devised able to integrate Langevin equations with non-continuous multiplicative noise
Los Motores Moleculares son macromoléculas biológicas que se encargan de hacer las transducciones energéticas necesarias dentro de las células. Este trabajo estudia la transformación de energía de motores moleculares rotatorios reales principalmente la F1-ATPasa, el Motor Flagelar de las Bacterias y el F0. Para estudiar la dinámica del motor se han utilizado ecuaciones de Langevin sobreamortiguadas que recogen la importancia de las fluctuaciones térmicas, así como las fuerzas externas aplicadas al motor (conservativas y disipativas) y el potencial interno del motor que contiene la información físico-química de su comportamiento. Este estudio se ha aplicado a la F1-ATPasa, que se puede estudiar tanto analíticamente, obviando las fluctuaciones térmicas como desde su naturaleza estocástica mediante potenciales intermitentes. En ambos casos, el modelo es capaz de describir la dinámica del motor y su dependencia con los diferentes parámetros controlables experimentalmente: Concentración de ATP, fuerza disipativa y fuerza conservativa. En el mismo sentido se ha diseñado una turbina nanoscópica que recoge los principios básicos de la interacción mecánica entre un flujo de iones y la rotación del motor. En ambos casos, tanto en la turbina como en el F1 se observa que el ruido térmico no afecta mucho a la velocidad del motor y en cambio produce cambios enormes en parámetros energéticos como la potencia o la eficiencia. Concretamente, el escenario clásico en que un máximo de eficiencia se obtiene para la fuerza de calado desaparece obteniendo nuevos regímenes óptimos de trabajo. Adicionalmente, se ha desarrollado un formalismo para simplificar las ecuaciones de Langevin obtenidas (límite de ruido blanco) y se ha diseñado un nuevo algoritmo para integrar ecuaciones de Langevin en las cuales el ruido multiplicativo es discontinuo en el espacio.
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Ulman, Sophia Marie. "Gait Variability for Predicting Individual Performance in Military-Relevant Tasks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94346.

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Human movement is inherently complex, requiring the control and coordination of many neurophysiological and biomechanical degrees-of-freedom, and the extent to which individuals exhibit variation in their movement patterns is captured by the construct of motor variability (MV). MV is being used increasingly to describe movement quality and function among clinical populations and elderly individuals. However, current evidence presents conflicting views on whether increased MV offers benefits or is a hindrance to performance. To better understand the utility of MV for performance prediction, we focused on current research needs in the military domain. Dismounted soldiers, in particular, are expected to perform at a high level in complex environments and under demanding physical conditions. Hence, it is critical to understand what strategies allow soldiers to better adapt to fatigue and diverse environmental factors, and to develop predictive tools for estimating changes in soldier performance. Different aspects of performance such as motor learning, experience, and adaptability to fatigue were investigated when soldiers performed various gait tasks, and gait variability (GV) was quantified using four different types of measures (spatiotemporal, joint kinematics, detrended fluctuation analysis, and Lyapunov exponents). During a novel obstacle course task, we found that frontal plane coordination variability of the hip-knee and knee-ankle joint couples exhibited strong association with rate of learning the novel task, explaining 62% of the variance, and higher joint kinematic variability during the swing phase of baseline gait was associated with faster learning rate. In a load carriage task, GV measures were more sensitive than average gait measures in discriminating between experience and load condition: experienced cadets exhibited reduced GV (in spatiotemporal measures and joint kinematics) and lower long-term local dynamic stability at the ankle, compared to the novice group. In the final study investigating multiple measures of obstacle performance, and variables predictive of changes in performance following intense whole-body fatigue, joint kinematic variability of baseline gait explained 28-59% of the variance in individual performances changes. In summary, these results support the feasibility of anticipating and augmenting task performance based on individual motor variability. This work also provides guidelines for future research and the development of training programs specifically for improving military training, performance prediction, and performance enhancement.
Doctor of Philosophy
All people move with some level of inherent variability, even when doing the same activity, and the extent to which individuals exhibit variation in their movement patterns is captured by the construct of motor variability (MV). MV is being increasingly used to describe movement quality and function among clinical populations and elderly individuals. However, it is still unclear whether increased MV offers benefits or is a hindrance to performance. To better understand the utility of MV for performance prediction, we focused on current research needs in the military domain. Dismounted soldiers, in particular, are expected to perform at a high level in complex environments and under demanding physical conditions. Hence, it is critical to understand what strategies allow soldiers to better adapt to fatigue and diverse environmental factors, and to develop tools that might predict changes in soldier performance. Different aspects of performance were investigated, including learning a new activity, experience, and adaptability to fatigue, and gait variability was quantified through different approaches. When examining how individual learn a novel obstacle course task, we found that certain aspects of gait variability had strong associations with learning rate. In a load carriage task, variability measures were determined to be more sensitive to difference in experience level and load condition compared to typical average measures of gait. Specifically, variability increased with load, and the experienced group was less variable overall and more stable in the long term. Lastly, a subset of gait variability measures were associated with individual differences in fatigue-related changes in performance during an obstacle course. In summary, the results presented here support that it may be possible to both anticipate and enhance task performance based on individual variability. This work also provides guidelines for future research and the development of training programs specifically for improving military training, performance prediction, and performance enhancement.
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Tennakoon, Sankika. "Flicker propagation in radial and interconnected power systems." School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering - Faculty of Informatics, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/96.

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Voltage fluctuations which cause lamp flicker tend to propagate from the point of origin to various parts of a power system exhibiting some level of attenuation depending on factors such as system impedances, composition of loads and frequency components of the fluctuating waveform. Maintaining the flicker levels at various busbars below the planning limits specified by the standards is crucial, and in this regard it is important to develop an insight into the manner in which the flicker propagates via systems operating at different voltage levels. This thesis presents flicker transfer analysis methodologies applicable for radial and interconnected power systems particularly considering the influence of induction motor loads on flicker attenuation.In the first phase of the work, development of the foundations towards flicker transfer analysis methodologies is carried out by investigating the stand-alone behaviour of induction motors that are subjected to regular supply voltage fluctuations. The electrical and mechanical response of induction motors to two types of sinusoidal fluctuations in the supply voltage where (a) a positive or negative sequence sinusoidal frequency component is superimposed on the mains voltage and (b) mains voltage amplitude is sinusoidally modulated are examined. State space representation of induction motors is used to develop a linearised induction motor model describing the response of the stator current and the rotor speed to small voltage variations in the supply voltage. The results from the model reveal that various sub-synchronous and/or super-synchronous frequency components that exist in the supply voltage as small voltage perturbations can influence the dynamic response of the machine in relation to flicker. In particular, oscillations in the electromagnetic torque and rotor speed arising as a result of the applied voltage perturbations are found to be the key influencing factors controlling the stator current perturbations. It has been noted that, the speed fluctuation caused by a superimposed positive sequence voltage perturbation tends to produce extra emf components in the rotor which in turn can reflect back to the stator. This concept of multiple armature reaction has been found to be significant in large motors especially when the superimposed frequencies are closer to the fundamental frequency.The second phase of the work covers the development of systematic methods for evaluation of flicker transfer in radial and interconnected power systems taking the dynamic behaviour of induction motors into account. In relation to radial systems, small signal models are developed which can be used to establish the flicker propagation from a higher voltage level (upstream) to a lower voltage level (downstream) where induction motor loads are connected. Although this method can be applied for regular or irregular voltage fluctuations, emphasis has been given to sinusoidal voltage fluctuations arising from conventional sinusoidal amplitude modulation of upstream voltage. Moreover, the method examines the propagation of sub-synchronous and super-synchronous frequency components that exist in the supply voltage as side bands and hence determines the overall attenuation in the voltage envelope. The contribution of induction motors of different sizes and other influential factors such as system impedance, loading level of the motor are examined. It has been noted that in general higher frequency components of the upstream fluctuating voltage envelope tend to attenuate better at the downstream. A method is also presented which allows aggregation of induction motors at the load busbars in relation to flicker transfer studies.In relation to interconnected systems, a frequency domain approach which can be used to investigate the flicker transfer is presented. This approach can be considered as an extension to the impedance matrix method as described in the literature and can overcome some of the limitations of the latter method. In the proposed approach, induction motor loads are modelled in a more realistic manner to replicate their dynamic behaviour, thus enabling the examination of the frequency dependent characteristics of flicker attenuation due to induction motors and the influence of tie lines in compensating flicker at remote load busbars consisting of passive loads.To verify some of the theoretical outcomes real time voltage waveforms captured from a large arc furnace site have been used, in addition to the experimental work using a scaled down laboratory set up of a radial power system.
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Koochesfahani, Kaveh M. "Role of the level of expression of striatal dopamine transporter relative to striatal dopaminergic terminals in the pathogenesis of levodopa induced motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15675.

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Motor complications in response to levodopa therapy are major problems in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study we investigated the possible relationship between the level of dopamine transporter expressed on surviving striatal dopaminergic terminals and variations in extracellular dopamine levels in PD patients with stable response to levodopa and those with motor fluctuations. We assessed the changes of endogenous and exogenous dopamine levels over time in response to oral methylphenidate and levodopa respectively. 3D PET was performed with the D2 receptor antagonist [¹¹C]raclopride (RAG) at baseline, 1 and 4 hours following the administration of oral methylphenidate (0.8 mg/kg) or oral levodopa (250/25 mg) to two groups of PD patients consisting of fluctuators and stable responders to levodopa. In parallel, we measured the ratio of dopamine transporters to the number of dopaminergic terminals in the striatum. For this purpose we used [¹¹C]MP and [¹¹C]DTBZ PET scans to estimate the levels of dopamine transporter expression and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) respectively. At the dose used, oral methylphenidate produced no significant change in extracellular dopamine levels, as estimated by comparing changes in putaminal RAC binding at baseline and one and four hours following its administration. This could be the result of severe degeneration of dopaminergic terminals with subsequent reductions in the levels of endogenous dopamine and DAT. Although the putaminal RAC binding significantly changed after administration of levodopa, the regression of RAC binding potentials at the three times to log (MP/DTBZ) was not significant implying that the ratio of dopamine transporters to dopaminergic terminals did not affect exogenous dopamine release and clearance.
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Books on the topic "Motor fluctuations"

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Lyons, Kelly E., and Rajesh Pahwa. Management of Motor Fluctuations and Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2011.

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Sutter, Raoul, Trudy Pang, and Peter W. Kaplan. EEG in Metabolic Disorders, Intoxications, and Epileptic Encephalopathies. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0017.

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This chapter provides a systematic overview of the diagnostic and prognostic value of electroencephalography (EEG) in adult patients with different types of encephalopathies in association with metabolic, toxic, and epileptic disorders. Most encephalopathies present with a fluctuating course characterized by typical but not pathognomonic symptoms such as cognitive impairment, altered mental status or confusion, lethargy, decreased or rarely increased motor activity, and disturbed sleep/wake cycles. EEG enables rapid, bedside electrophysiological monitoring, providing dynamic real-time information on the integrity of neocortical brain activity. Hence, EEG complements clinical and neuroimaging assessments of encephalopathic patients. Progressive slowing of EEG background activity with increasing cerebral dysfunction, emergence of intermittent transients, electrographic seizures, and impaired background reactivity to external stimuli all provide important diagnostic and prognostic information to guide medical management.
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N, Georgano G., ed. Britain's motor industry: The first hundred years : the fluctuating fortunes of Britain's car manufacturers, from Queen Victoria's time to the present day. Sparkford: G. T. Foulis & Company, 1995.

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Rucci, Jennifer M., and Robert E. Feinstein. Neurocognitive Disorders and Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical Condition. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0005.

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The defining feature of neurocognitive disorders is a decline in cognitive functioning. Patients suffering from delirium experience an acute change in mental status, fluctuating levels of consciousness, and an inability to acquire new information. Patients with major neurocognitive disorder experience significant cognitive decline in complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, and social cognition. The chapter also discusses mental disorders due to another medical condition. These patients can experience psychotic, mood, or anxious symptoms or a personality change; their intellectual functioning usually remains intact. A patient presenting with a first episode of psychiatric symptoms and no prior psychiatric history should be evaluated for an acute medical etiology causing the psychiatric symptoms, particularly if he or she is over 40 years of age. Anticholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine) may slow the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, and the combination of an anticholinesterase inhibitor and memantine may be more effective than either medication alone.
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Book chapters on the topic "Motor fluctuations"

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Chase, T. N., M. M. Mouradian, G. Fabbrini, and J. L. Juncos. "Pathogenetic studies of motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease." In Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease, 3–10. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8954-2_1.

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Costa, Giulia, and Micaela Morelli. "Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists in L-DOPA-Induced Motor Fluctuations." In Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, 163–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20273-0_9.

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Poewe, W., M. Wagner, B. Kleedorfer, and W. H. Oertel. "Treatment of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease with Subcutaneous Apomorphine." In Basic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, 561–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5847-3_115.

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Caraceni, T., G. Geminiani, S. Genitrini, P. Giovannini, F. Girotti, D. Oliva, and F. Tamma. "Treatment of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease: Controlled Release Preparations." In Advances in Behavioral Biology, 689–95. Boston, MA: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5871-8_74.

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Pérez-López, Carlos, Albert Samà, Daniel Rodríguez-Martín, Andreu Català, Joan Cabestany, Eva de Mingo, and Alejandro Rodríguez-Molinero. "Monitoring Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease Using a Waist-Worn Inertial Sensor." In Advances in Computational Intelligence, 461–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19258-1_38.

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Obeso, J. A., M. R. Luquin, J. Vaamonde, and J. M. Martînez Lage. "Subcutaneous administration of lisuride in the treatment of complex motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease." In Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease, 17–25. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8954-2_3.

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Howard, Jonathon. "Motor Proteins as Nanomachines: The Roles of Thermal Fluctuations in Generating Force and Motion." In Biological Physics, 47–59. Basel: Springer Basel, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0428-4_3.

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Melamed, Eldad, J. Zoldan, R. Galili-Mosberg, I. Ziv, and R. Djaldetti. "Current management of motor fluctuations in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease treated chronically with levodopa." In Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa, 173–83. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6360-3_11.

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Murata, Miho, and Ichiro Kanazawa. "Motor Fluctuation and Levodopa Absorption." In Advances in Behavioral Biology, 439–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5337-3_63.

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Lacoste, David, and Kirone Mallick. "Fluctuation Relations for Molecular Motors." In Biological Physics, 61–88. Basel: Springer Basel, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0428-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Motor fluctuations"

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Geislinger, Brian, Erin Darnell, Kimberly Farris, and Ryoichi Kawai. "Are motor proteins power strokers, Brownian motors or both? (Invited Paper)." In SPIE Third International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, edited by Laszlo B. Kish, Katja Lindenberg, and Zoltan Gingl. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.609464.

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Baptista, Jose, Jose Goncalves, Salviano Soares, Antonio Valente, Raul Morais, Jose Bulas-Cruz, and Manuel J. C. S. Reis. "Induction motor response to periodical voltage fluctuations." In 2010 XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2010.5607706.

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del Rio, E. "A Form of Active Brownian motor-like on a (nonlinear) Toda lattice." In NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: 18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations - ICNF 2005. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2036689.

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Iwasa, Kuni H., and Xiao-Xia Dong. "Motor noise in outer hair cells." In SPIE's First International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, edited by Sergey M. Bezrukov, Hans Frauenfelder, and Frank Moss. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.497616.

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Spiechowicz, Jakub, Peter Hanggi, and Jerzy Luczka. "Brownian motor efficiency enhanced by nonequilibrium noise." In 2015 International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnf.2015.7288599.

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Hu, Kun, Plamen C. Ivanov, Zhi Chen, Michael F. Hilton, H. Eugene Stanley, and Stephen A. Shea. "Novel multiscale regulation in human motor activity." In SPIE's First International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, edited by Sergey M. Bezrukov, Hans Frauenfelder, and Frank Moss. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.497057.

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Mayer-Kress, Gottfried J., and Karl M. Newell. "Noise and chaos in motor behavior models." In SPIE's First International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, edited by Sergey M. Bezrukov, Hans Frauenfelder, and Frank Moss. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.497062.

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Kawakubo, Tatsuyuki, Okimasa Okada, and Tomoyuki Minami. "Dynamic Structure Change due to ATP Hydrolysis in the Motor Domain of Myosin: Molecular Dynamics Simulations." In NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: 19th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations; ICNF 2007. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2759761.

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Frank, Jonathan E. "Motor Rumblings: Characterization of Adaptation Motors in Saccular Hair Cells by Noise Analysis." In UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: UPoN 2002: Third International Conference on Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations in Physics, Biology, and High Technology. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1584902.

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Bier, Martin. "The Noisy Steps of a Motor Protein." In UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: UPoN 2002: Third International Conference on Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations in Physics, Biology, and High Technology. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1584903.

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