Relevant bibliographies by topics / Motor vehicles Pollutants

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Motor vehicles Pollutants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Motor vehicles Pollutants"

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BEBKIEWICZ, Katarzyna, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Jakub LASOCKI, Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI, and Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA. "Characteristics of pollutant emission from motor vehicles for the purposes of the Central Emission Database in Poland." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-229.

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Within the Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute the Central Emission Database is being established. The Database will cover the most important emission sectors from anthropogenic activities, including usage of motor vehicles. The intensity of emissions of individual pollutants is the input data to air pollution dispersion models. Based on calculations performed by the air pollution dispersion models concentration of pollutants dispersed in atmospheric air (pollution immission) is provided. The annual average immision for a selected place in Poland is a measure of the threat to environment. In order to determine the intensity of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles it is necessary to recognize the intensity of vehicle motion and the volume of emission of pollutants depending on the type of vehicle motion. The task presented in this article is to determine the characteristics of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles depending on the type of their motion. The mean value of vehicle speeds was used to characterize the type of vehicle motion. The emission of pollutants from vehicles is therefore characterized by the dependence of road emissions of pollutants on the average speed of vehicles. The characteristics were determined for cumulated categories of motor vehicles: passenger cars, light commercial vehicles as well as heavy duty trucks and buses. The results of the inventory of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles in Poland in 2016 were used to determine the characteristics of pollutant emissions.
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Xu, Bin, Xiaokai Chen, and Jianyin Xiong. "Air quality inside motor vehicles' cabins: A review." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 4 (November 16, 2016): 452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16679217.

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Among many environments, the motor vehicle cabin microenvironment has been of particular public concern. Although commuters typically spend only 5.5% of their time in vehicles, the emissions from various interior components of motor vehicles as well as emissions from exhaust fumes carried by ventilation supply air are significant sources of harmful air pollutants that could lead to unhealthy human exposure due to their high concentrations inside vehicles' cabins. This review summarizes significant findings in the literature on air quality inside vehicle cabins, including chemical species, related sources, measurement methodologies and control measures. More than 90 relevant studies performed across over 10 countries were carefully reviewed. These comprised more than 2000 individual road trips, where concentrations of numerous air pollutants were determined. Ultrafine particles, aromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyls, semi-volatile organic compounds and microbes have been identified as the primary air pollutants inside vehicle cabins. Air recirculation with high-efficiency air filter has been reported as the most effective measure to lower air pollutant concentrations. Future work should focus on investigating the health risks of exposure to various air pollutants inside different vehicles and further developing advanced air filter to improve the in-cabin air quality.
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Hodijah, Nurhadi, Bintal Amin, and Mubarak Mubarak. "Estimasi Beban Pencemar Dari Emisi Kendaraan Bermotor di Ruas Jalan Kota Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2014): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.1.2.p.71-79.

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Increasing population and economy in Pekanbaru City was clearly followed by anincrease in the number of motor vehicles has the potential to cause air pollution andendanger human health. This research was aimed to analyze the pollutant load gases of CO,HC, NO 2 , SO 2 and PM 10 emissions from motor vehicles at at Pekanbaru City. Survey on thevolume of motor vehicles, roadside air quality and vehicle emission test was conducted onthree different road in Pekanbaru city. The volume of motor vehicles and pollutants loadsfrom motor vehicle emissions was highest at Sudirman road and the lowest at Diponegororoad. There are very significant differences between Sudirman road with Diponegoro roadand Tuanku Tambusai road with Diponegoro road. Higher pollutant load was found for gasCO (76,4 %), than gas HC (19,4 %), gas NO 2 (3,6 %), gas SO 2 (0,1 % ) and PM 10 ( 0,7 % ).The largest contribution of pollutant load gas CO, HC and PM 10 comes from motorcycles, gasNO 2 from the city cars and gas SO 2 coming from the truck. The quality of roadside air in thethird road to the gases CO, NO 2 , SO 2 and PM 10 are still below the ambient air qualitystandards, whilest gas HC had passed the ambient air quality standard. A positive correlationbetween concentrations of roadside air pollutants with a load of motor vehicle emissions wasfound. The percentage of motor vehicle emission test results explain that the rates of vehiclesfueled with gasoline were higher than diesel vehicles and that do not pass of the emission testwere generally produced before 2007, while for diesel vehicles that do not pass the emissionstest opacity value that were produced in the 2010 onward.
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Xue, Yifeng, Xizi Cao, Yi Ai, Kangli Xu, and Yichen Zhang. "Primary Air Pollutants Emissions Variation Characteristics and Future Control Strategies for Transportation Sector in Beijing, China." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104111.

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Air pollutant emissions from vehicles, railways, and aircraft for freight and passenger transportation are major sources of air pollution, and strongly impact the air quality of Beijing, China. To better understand the variation characteristics of these emissions, we used the emission factor method to quantitatively determine the air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector. The emission intensity of different modes of transportation was estimated, and measures are proposed to prevent and control air pollutants emitted from the transportation sector. The results showed that air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector have been decreasing year by year as a result of the reduction in emissions from motor vehicles, benefiting from the structural adjustment of motor vehicles. A comparison of the emission intensity of primary air pollutants from different modes of transportation showed that the emission level of railway transportation was much lower than that of road transportation. However, Beijing relies heavily on road transportation, with road freight transportation accounting for 96% of freight transportation, whereas the proportion of railway transportation was low. Primary air pollutants from the transportation sector contributed significantly to the total emissions in Beijing. The proportion of NOX emissions increased from 54% in 2013 to 58% in 2018. To reduce air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector, further adjustments and optimization of the structure of transportation in Beijing are needed. As for the control of motor vehicle pollutant emissions, vehicle composition must be adjusted and the development of clean energy must be promoted, as well as the replacement of diesel vehicles with electric vehicles for passenger and freight transportation.
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Wang, Qing Song, Xue Liang Yuan, and Chun Yuan Ma. "Air Environmental Impact Research of Urban Traffic Development – A Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.854.

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With the speed-up of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles has increased rapidly, which is the main urban air pollutant source because of too much emitted exhaust gas. Based on the motor vehicle exhaust emissions in Shandong Province in 2006, using trend extrapolation and scenario analysis, predict the motor vehicle exhaust emissions for future planning. The results show that the motor vehicles in 2015and 2020 are 27.52 million and 34.53 million, which is 1.9times and 2.38 times of the motor vehicles in 2006, respectively. For the specific air pollutants from motor vehicles exhaust in 2020, SO2, NOx, PM2.5 and PM10 will reach 28.4 thousand tons, 356.7 thousand tons, 10.8 thousand tons and 12.2 thousand tons, which will be 3 times, 1.2 times, 5 times and 5 times of the emissions in 2006. The urban air pollutions caused by motor vehicles exhaust will be very serious.
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BEBKIEWICZ, Katarzyna, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI, and Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA. "Estimating pollutant emission from motor vehicles in the years 2000–2015." Combustion Engines 171, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-411.

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National annual emission from motor vehicles were estimated with the use, for the first time in Poland, of the COPERT software programme developed in support of official reporting under the EU cooperation framework. The quantification of vehicular emission covered the period 2000–2015. The results were analysed for the following cumulated vehicle categories: passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, heavy duty vehicles, urban buses, coaches, motorcycles and mopeds. The national annual emission from motor vehicles in Poland was found to be markedly declining. The relative national annual emission of individual pollutants was balanced against the situation in the year 2000. Starting from 2006, a distinct decreasing trend was observed for the relative national annual emission of pollutants from a representative motor vehicle; this was valid for all the substances except for nitrous oxide alone.
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BEBKIEWICZ, Katarzyna, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI, and Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA. "Emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in Poland comparing to pollutant emission in the European Union." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-310.

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The inventory results of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland comparing to the emission of pollutants in the European Union have been presented in the paper. The analysis is based on the official results of the pollution inventory reported to the European Union. Emission of the following substances was considered for the years 1990–2016 for Poland and the European Union from all civili-zation and road transport activities: carbon monoxide, non-methan volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter consisting of fractions: total suspended particles, PM10 and PM2.5. It was observed that the share of pollutant emission from road transport in Poland is smaller than for the entire European Union. This is especially evident in the case of particulate matter and nitro-gen oxides. As a result of the analysis of the emission inventory in the European Union, it was confirmed that the share of motorisation in the emission of pollutants harmful to human health is significantly smaller in Poland than in the entire European Union. Therefore, conducting a detailed analysis of specific distance emission of pollutants from a statistical vehicle as well as extending research on greenhouse gas emission from motor vehicles is recommended.
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BEBKIEWICZ, Katarzyna, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI, and Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA. "Evolution of national annual pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland." Combustion Engines 171, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-416.

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The work analyses the national annual emission of pollutants from passenger cars in Poland, in the years 2000–2015, including the classification of combustion engines relative to the ignition system. The study was carried out in accordance with the methodology used in the COPERT 4 software. The vehicle traffic model was analysed under the following conditions: urban, rural and on motorways and expressways. The national annual pollutant emission was found to change substantially alongside the changes in vehicle properties over the period analysed; the effect varied due to the performance of respective substances. The relative annual national emission of the various pollutants compared to the situation in 2000 were determined. There was a clear declining trend, from 2008 onwards, in the relative annual emission of pollutants from a representative passenger car; this was valid for all substances.
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Polosa, Riccardo, and Sundeep Salvi. "Particulate Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles: A Putative Proallergic Hazard?" Canadian Respiratory Journal 6, no. 5 (1999): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/454909.

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Air pollution generated from motor vehicle exhaust has become a major cause for scientific and public concern worldwide over recent years. The rapid and marked increase in the motor vehicle traffic and its associated emissions in urban areas have paralleled a sharp increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between people living in close proximity to roads with high traffic density and increased allergic symptoms, reduced lung function and increased sensitization to common aeroallergens. Several laboratory-based studies have demonstrated that pollutants emitted from motor vehicles can induce allergic inflammation and increase airway hyperresponsiveness, which may provide an underlying mechanism for the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases. Although the detrimental effects of air pollution on human health have been brought to public attention, it appears that less attention has been given to the potential role of road traffic fumes in the induction of the allergic state. Legislators should consider pollutants emitted from motor vehicle exhausts as a potential pro-allergic hazard, before making important changes in environmental policy.
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Chiang, Pen‐Chi, Yu‐Chun Chiang, E. ‐E Chang, and Sheng‐Chi Chang. "Characterizations of hazardous air pollutants emitted from motor vehicles." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 56, no. 1-4 (August 1996): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249609358352.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motor vehicles Pollutants"

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Wu, Kuo-ying Amanda. "Recovery of precious metals from automotive catalytic converters /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1993. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9412293.

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Genc, Derya Deniz. "Short And Long Term Variations In The Concentrations Of Gaseous And Particulate Pollutants In Ankara And Assessment Of Traffic Contribution." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606517/index.pdf.

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Spatial and temporal variations and factors affecting these variations in concentrations of measured parameters at two different groups of stations in Ankara are investigated in this study. The first group consists of three curbside stations that are under the direct influence of traffic emissions, on the other hand, the other group is composed of eight residential stations in which domestic heating is the main emission source. State of air quality in Ankara is determined through comparison with air quality data generated in other countries and available air quality standards. Based on this comparison, although air quality has improved in recent years, it is still not one of the clean cities around the world. Although measured concentrations of pollutants comply with standards in the Turkish Air Quality Regulation, further reduction in concentrations will be necessary, if EU directives become effective in the country. Relation between measured concentrations and meteorological parameters are also investigated. Wind speed and mixing height are the two parameters that are most closely related to measured concentrations at residential stations. However, at curbside stations concentrations are determined by emissions. Qualitative comparison of two groups of stations emphasizes the contribution of motor vehicle emissions on residential areas. Seasonal and diurnal variations of measured parameters and lower winter-to-summer ratio of SO2 indicate contribution of diesel vehicle emissions to SO2 levels at curbside stations. Contribution of traffic emissions are also observed in terms of well defined bimodal traffic pattern of SO2 and PM-10 at non-curbside stations. Seasonal and diurnal pollutant ratios are investigated to apportion different source types that are effective in each group of station. PM-to-SO2, NO-to-NO2, PM-10-to-NOX and SO2-to-NOX ratios are found to be good tracers for qualitative assessment of source groups, namely traffic and domestic heating. Different statistical methodologies are demonstrated to determine the source regions of pollutants with respect to wind direction. Air quality level of Ankara, instead of air quality level in each station, is determined in terms of daily API. One by one correlation between API and meteorological factors are investigated, maximum wind speed and daily thermic excursion is found to be the highest correlated variables. The relation between API and these variables is analyzed by multiple linear regression method and then air pollution forecast model highly correlated with API and meteorological variables is developed. The assimilative capacity of Ankara is calculated in terms of ventilation coefficient and found to be highest in summer and lowest in winter. In winter poor dispersion conditions favor the poor air quality in the city.
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Dotson, Gary Scott. "Characterization of asbestos exposure among automotive mechanics servicing and handling asbestos-containing materials." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001643.

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Hall, Timothy S. "Effect of vehicle weight and model year on vehicle contribution to atmospheric pollutant inventories." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=2623.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 114 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-111).
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Goldstone, Mark Edward. "The behaviour and control of motor vehicle related pollutants in urban air." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260759.

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Dohanich, Francis Albert. "On-Road Remote Sensing of Motor Vehicle Emissions: Associations between Exhaust Pollutant Levels and Vehicle Parameters for Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Texas, and Utah." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5524/.

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On-road remote sensing has the ability to operate in real-time, and under real world conditions, making it an ideal candidate for detecting gross polluters on major freeways and thoroughfares. In this study, remote sensing was employed to detect carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO). On-road remote sensing data taken from measurements performed in six states, (Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Texas, and Utah) were cleaned and analyzed. Data mining and exploration were first undertaken in order to search for relationships among variables such as make, year, engine type, vehicle weight, and location. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the three pollutants of interest. The data were found to have non-normal distributions. Applied transformations were ineffective, and nonparametric tests were applied. Due to the extremely large sample size of the dataset (508,617 records), nonparametric tests resulted in "p" values that demonstrated "significance." The general linear model was selected due to its ability to handle data with non-normal distributions. The general linear model was run on each pollutant with output producing descriptive statistics, profile plots, between-subjects effects, and estimated marginal means. Due to insufficient data within certain cells, results were not obtained for gross vehicle weight and engine type. The "year" variable was not directly analyzed in the GLM because "year" was employed in a weighted least squares transformation. "Year" was found to be a source of heteroscedasticity; and therefore, the basis of a least-squares transformation. Grouped-years were analyzed using medians, and the results were displayed graphically. Based on the GLM results and descriptives, Japanese vehicles typically had the lowest CO, HC, and NO emissions, while American vehicles ranked high for the three. Illinois, ranked lowest for CO, while Texas ranked highest. Illinois and Colorado were lowest for HC emissions, while Utah and California were highest. For NO, Colorado ranked highest with Texas and Arizona, lowest.
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Fox, Ian, and n/a. "A study of particulate matter pollutants in the Canberra air shed, including total suspended particles PM10, lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060710.125220.

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Methods for the determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with suspended participate matter were developed with the aim of determining airborne concentrations and to investigate seasonal trends. Other associate pollutants such as Total Suspended Particulate matter (TSP), Particulate Matter with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometres (PM10) and lead concentration were also reviewed to determine trends. Motor vehicle emissions appear to be the source of the PAHs and differences between the types and concentrations of PAHs detected at central business district sites verses suburban sites were noted. Wind erosion, biomass burning, motor vehicle emissions and industrial processes are sources of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Lead comes mainly from motor vehicles emissions in the ACT with some lead possibly from the burning of lead contaminated fuel. TSP and lead concentrations have decreased since air quality monitoring began in the early 1980s. PM10 concentration may also have fallen but the data set for PM10s is to small to draw any firm conclusions. Only TSP lead concentrations displayed a seasonal pattern. The ACT air pollution Act 1984 has placed restriction on the burning of fuels to improve air quality in the ACT. The air quality in regards to TSP and lead is improving. However, the only strong links between the Act and decreased pollutant concentrations is the introduction of unleaded petrol and the decrease of airborne lead concentrations.
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Veiga, Michel Robert. "Desenvolvimento de um gerenciador eletrônico para motores tricombustível." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-06122010-150018/.

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O objetivo do desenvolvimento do projeto foi minimizar uma das principais desvantagens no uso do gás natural veicular, que é a perda de potência, e aumentar sua eficiência volumétrica através da construção de um circuito eletrônico capaz de gerenciar de forma eficiente a injeção do gás. O aumento do rendimento é obtido através do gerenciamento eficiente da mistura ar-combustível utilizando um sistema de malha fechada. O gerenciamento da relação de potência e economia é conseguido com o uso simultâneo de gás natural e o combustível líquido. Nos sistemas de conversão atuais e nos veículos originais a gás natural, a perda de potência é compensada desligando o sistema de gás e utilizando somente o combustível líquido, sendo esta seleção feita de forma manual na maioria dos sistemas de conversão e de forma automática no Fiat Siena tetrafuel, não possibilitando o uso simultâneo do gás com o combustível líquido. A exigência de potência é medida através do ângulo do pedal do acelerador. Quando a exigência de potência é baixa, o sistema opera apenas com gás. No momento em que há solicitação de potência intermediária, o sistema opera com diferentes proporções de etanol e gás. Na situação de solicitação de potência máxima, é utilizado apenas o combustível líquido. Foram feitas comparações entre o sistema convencional e o sistema proposto, através de ensaios dinamométricos, rodoviários e emissão de poluentes. O veículo Volkswagen Gol com seu sistema original utilizando somente etanol possui potência máxima de 64,06 cavalos, (47,77 Kilowatts) e consumo de 12,6 quilômetros por litro de etanol. Com o sistema convencional de gás natural aspirado, o consumo foi de 21 quilômetros por metro cúbico e a potência não ultrapassou 51,82 cavalos (38,64 Kilowatts), com o protótipo desenvolvido a eficiência volumétrica aumentou 25% com consumo de 26,4 quilômetros por metro cúbico. O gerenciamento de potência proporciona potências intermediárias acima de 51,82 cavalos (38,64 Kilowatts), até a potência máxima de 64,06 cavalos (47,77 Kilowatts) em situações que uma maior potência é requerida. O sistema desenvolvido proporciona o benefício da flexibilidade no abastecimento disponível nos sistemas atuais, com a flexibilidade na potência não disponível nos sistemas atuais.
This project intended to minimize one of the main disadvantages of using natural gas vehicles, which was the loss of power, and increase their volumetric efficiency by building an electronic circuit able to efficiently manage the gas injection. The increase in volumetric efficiency is obtained through the efficient management of air-fuel mixture using a closed loop system. The management of the power and economy ratio is achieved with the simultaneous use of natural gas and liquid fuel. In the current conversion systems and original vehicles that use natural gas, the power loss is compensated by turning off the gas system and using only the liquid fuel. This selection is done manually in most conversion systems, and automatically at Fiat Siena Tetrafuel, not allowing the simultaneous use of gas to liquid fuel. The demand for power is measured by the angle of the accelerator pedal. When the power demand is low, the system operates only with natural gas. When intermediate power is required, the system operates with different proportions of ethanol and natural gas. For maximum power, only ethanol is used. Comparisons were made between the conventional and the proposed system through dynamometer tests, road tests and emission analyses. The Volkswagen Gol with original system using only ethanol has a maximum power of 64.06 horses (47.77 Kilowatts) and consumption of 12.6 kilometers per liter of ethanol. With conventional aspirated natural gas system, the consumption was 21 km per cubic meter and the power did not exceed 51.82 horses (38.64 Kilowatts). With the prototype, volumetric efficiency increases by 25%, with consumption of 26.4 kilometers per cubic meter. The power management provides intermediate powers up to 51.82 horses (38.64 Kilowatts) until the maximum power of 64.06 horses (47.77 Kilowatts) in situations where more power is required. The developed system provides the benefit of refueling flexibility found in the original system, with power flexibility not available in original systems.
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Auñón, García Ángel. "Development and validation of a virtual engine model for simulating standard testing cycles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/168906.

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[ES] Las nuevas regulaciones en materia de emisiones de efecto invernadero y calidad del aire han conducido la evolución tecnológica de los motores de combustión interna durante los últimos años. Las mejoras en el proceso de la combustión, la sobrealimentación, la gestión térmica, los sistemas de post tratamiento y técnicas como la recirculación de gases de escape, han permitido que los motores de combustión interna de hoy en día sean cada vez más limpios. La adopción en Europa del nuevo ciclo de homologación WLTP, que considera un ciclo de conducción más realista que su predecesor el NEDC, así como la necesidad de evaluar las emisiones contaminantes en diferentes escenarios de temperatura ambiente y de altitud, suponen un desafío para los fabricantes a la hora de diseñar y optimizar sus motores. En este contexto, el modelado unidimensional del motor ofrece la posibilidad de desarrollar y probar diferentes soluciones con la suficiente precisión,a la vez que permite agilizar el proceso de diseño del motor y reducir los costes de éste. El objetivo de esta tesis es el de desarrollar un modelo completo de motor virtual que permita simular condiciones transitorias de régimen de giro y grado de carga, así como diferentes condiciones ambientales de presión y temperatura. Con este modelo de motor se pretende predecir las principales variables termo-fluidodinámicas en diferentes puntos del motor y las emisiones contaminantes liberadas en el escape. Por otra parte, el arranque en frío y el funcionamiento a bajas temperaturas están asociados a un mayor consumo, mayores emisiones de hidrocarburos (HC) y monóxido de carbono (CO), así como mayores emisiones de óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx) debido a la desactivación de los sistemas de recirculación de gases de escape. Para paliar estos efectos adversos, una opción es lograr que el sistema de postratamiento alcance su temperatura de activación lo más pronto posible. En este trabajo se aborda este objetivo mediante dos soluciones. Por un lado, se ha explorado la posibilidad de elevar la temperatura de los gases en el escape mediante un sistema de distribución variable. Con este método se pueden reducir las emisiones de CO y HC en torno a un 40-50 % y las emisiones de NOx hasta un 15 % durante la primera fase del ciclo WLTC, a costa de una penalización en el consumo de combustible. Por otro lado, también se ha estudiado la posibilidad de aislar térmicamente el sistema de escape. En este caso, es posible reducir las emisiones de CO y HC en torno a un 30 % sin mejorar las de NOx.
[CA] Les noves regulacions en matèria d'emissions d'efecte d'hivernacle i qualitat de l'aire han conduït la evolució tecnològica dels motors de combustió interna durant els darrers anys. Les millores en el procés de la combustió, la sobrealimentació, la gestió tèrmica, els sistemes de postractament i tècniques com la recirculació de gasos d'escapament, han permès que els motors de combustió interna d'avui dia siguen cada vegada més nets. L'adopció a Europa del nou cicle d'homologació WLTP, que considera un cicle de conducció més realista que el seu predecessor el NEDC, així com la necessitat d'avaluar les emissions de gasos contaminants en diferents escenaris de temperatura ambient i humitat, suposen un repte per als fabricants a l'hora de dissenyar i optimitzar els seus motors. En aquest context, el modelatge unidimensional del motor ofereix la possibilitat de desenvolupar i provar diferents solucions amb la suficient precisió, al mateix temps que agilitza el procés de disseny del motor i reduïx els costos derivats d'aquest. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és el de desenvolupar un model complete de motor virtual que permeta simular condicions transitòries de règim de gir i grau de càrrega, així com diferents condicions ambientals de pressió i temperatura. Amb aquest model de motor es pretén predir les principals variables termo-fluidodinàmiques en diferents punts del motor i les emissions contaminants alliberades en l'escapament. Per altra banda, l'arrancada en fred i el funcionament a baixes temperatures están associats a un major consum, majors emissions d'hidrocarburs (HC) i monòxid de carboni (CO), així com majors emissions d'òxids de nitrògen (NOx) degudes a la desactivació dels sistemes de recirculació de gasos d'escapament. Per a pal·liar aquestos efectes indesitjats, una opció és aconseguir que el sistema de postractament arribe a la seua temperatura d'activació el més prompte possible. En aquest treball, aquest objectiu s'aborda mitjançant dues solucions. Per una banda, s'ha investigat la possibilitat d'augmentar la temperatura dels gasos en l'escapament per mitjà d'un sistema de distribució variable. Amb aquest mètode s'ha aconseguit reduïr les emissions de CO i HC al voltant d'un 40-50 % i les emissions de NOx fins a un 15 % durant la primera fase del cicle WLTC, acosta d'una penalització en el consum de combustible. Per altra banda, també s'ha estudiat la possibilitat d'aïllar tèrmicament el sistema d'escapament. En aquest cas, és possible reduir les emissions de CO i HC vora un 30 % sense millorar les de NOx .
[EN] The new regulations regarding greenhouse emissions and air quality have led the technological progress of the internal combustion engines during the recent years. Improvements in the combustion process, turbocharging, thermal management, after-treatment systems and techniques such as the exhaust gases recirculation, have resulted in cleaner internal combustion engines. The adoption of the new type approval test in Europe, so-called WLTP, which represents a more realistic driving cycle than its forerunner the NEDC, as well as the need to evaluate pollutant emissions at different conditions of ambient temperature and altitude, represent a challenge for manufacturers when it comes to design and optimise their engines. In this context, one-dimensional engine models offer the possibility to develop and test different solutions with enough accuracy, while hastening the engine design process and reducing its costs. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a complete virtual engine model able to simulate transient conditions of engine speed and load, as well as different ambient conditions of pressure and temperature. The engine model is used to predict the main thermo-and fluid dynamic variables at different engine locations and the tailpipe pollutant emissions. Furthermore, engine cold start and its operation at low temperature is associated to a greater fuel consumption, hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions; as well as more nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions due to the deactivation of the exhaust gases recirculation systems. A solution to mitigate these negative effects is to heat up the after-treatment system so as to achieve its activation temperature as soon as possible. In the work presented, this goal is addressed through two different standpoints. On the one hand, variable valve timing systems have been studied as a way to increase the exhaust gases temperature. With this option it is possible to reduce CO and HC emissions by 40-50 % and NOx emissions by 15 % during the first stage of the WLTC cycle, at the expense of a penalty in the fuel consumption. On the other hand, the thermal insulation of the exhaust system has also been studied with the same objective. In this case, it is possible to reduce CO and HC emissions by 30 %, while not improving NOx ones.
The author wishes to acknowledge the financial support received through the FPI S2 2018 1048 grant of Programa de Apoyo para la Investigación y Desarrollo (PAID) of Universitat Politècnica de València.
Auñón García, Á. (2021). Development and validation of a virtual engine model for simulating standard testing cycles [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168906
TESIS
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Chuang, Ching-Tang, and 莊景棠. "Emission Factors and Emission Characteristics of Air Pollutants for Motor Vehicles from a Highway Measurement." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y2968f.

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碩士
輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
96
Several highways had finished in Taiwan, and they resulted in the change of traffic space and vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT) distribution for motor vehicles. New highway has transport service and causes the variations of emission rate and speed for motor vehicles on the highway. It is important to conduct the measurement of emission factors (EF) directly on-road in order to control the accuracy emissions of motor vehicles on the highway. The field measurement was conducted, including the investigation of air pollutants, meteorological factors, vehicle speed and video records of motor vehicles through highway tunnel study, and the data was utilized to calculate the average emission factors. However, the data from highway tunnel study was analyzed and applied on the estimation of highway emission factors. The data was utilized to further calculation and verification through the model simulation and statistics methods. It was helpful to obtain the confidence interval of emission factors and accuracy vehicle’s emission in Taiwan. Results confirmed that this measuring plan in highway tunnel was a worth developing method for investigating motor vehicle’s emission factor. In field measurement, the average emission factors of NO, NOX, CO, CO2 were 1.6~1.8, 2.4~2.7, 8.0~8.8 and 490~550 g/km-veh, respectively. In addition, the range of emission factors of NOX, CO and CO2 were 0.8~1.9, 3.5~4.2 and 240~260 g/km-veh using simulation of fuel-based, respectively. Emission factors of NO、NOX、CO、CO2 were1.4~1.6、2.3~2.4、6.3~6.5 and 410~430 g/km-veh by statistics regression, respectively. Continuous 25 hours monitored in highway, emission factors obtained in nighttime were larger than those of in daytime. This phenomenon indicated the higher emission factor in nighttime was related to the constitution of motor vehicles in highway.
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Books on the topic "Motor vehicles Pollutants"

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Clean Air Act amendments: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on Title III--Hazardous air pollutants, June 29 and July 21, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Bugarski, Aleksandar D. Diesel aerosols and gases in underground mines: Guide to exposure assessment and control. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, 2011.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Allowance trading offers an opportunity to reduce emissions at less cost : report to the Chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA should improve oversight of emissions reporting by large facilities : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Issues inhibiting marine vessel emission controls are still unresolved : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA could take additional steps to help maximize the benefits from the 2007 diesel emissions standards. Washington, D.C: United States, General Accounting Office, 2004.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Hazards of indoor radon could pose a national health problem : report. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1987.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA's actions to resolve concerns with the fine particulate monitoring program : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Emission sources regulated by multiple Clean Air Act provisions : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety, Commmittee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: The Border Smog Reduction Act's impact on ozone levels : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Motor vehicles Pollutants"

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Varadarajan, Rajagopalan, and Abdul Majeeth Bathusha. "Non-Point Source Pollutants From Motor Vehicles." In Global Perspectives on Air Pollution Prevention and Control System Design, 227–38. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7289-3.ch009.

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Motor vehicles emit gaseous pollutants from incomplete carbon reactions, unburned hydrocarbons, or other elements present in the fuel or air during combustion of fossil fuels. Atmospheric pollution is caused by multiple sources, making it a non-point source for the pollutants. The adverse effects of vehicular pollution are physical, chemical, and socio-economic in nature and are to be mitigated by the process of education, rules, and policies. A study has been done with the activated carbon made from Proposis cineria for mitigation.
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Chiron, M. "Effects of Motor Vehicle Pollutants on Health." In Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control, Proceedings of the First International Symposium (CAPOC I), 1–10. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(09)60409-2.

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Rogowski, Ori, Eran Leshem-Rubinow, Itzhak Shapira, and Arie Steinvil. "Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Near Highway Pollutants in Motor Vehicle Exhaust on Inflammation Sensitive Biomarkers." In Advanced Topics in Environmental Health and Air Pollution Case Studies. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/17791.

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Conference papers on the topic "Motor vehicles Pollutants"

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Simav, Osman, Banu Dokuzeylül, and Mehmet Erman Or. "The Effects of Motor Vehicle Emissions on the Environment." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02169.

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The pollutants emitted in the surroundings of motor vehicle exhausts vary according to the type of engine cycle, the use of fuel and the use of catalytic converters. Harmful compounds emitted from internal combustion engine exhaust (IYM) exhausts; HC Hydro Carbon, CO Carbon Monoxide, NOx Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate substances. Without the Catalytic Converter, the pollutant value of a motor vehicle operating with the Otto cycle and using gasoline is the highest. Diesel Motor Vehicles, which work with the Diesel cycle later, are the cleanest of these vehicles, which use the Otto cycle and use LPG. It is estimated that more than half of the polluters that lead to air pollution in large cities come from exhausts of motor vehicles. HC Hydrocarbons cause cancers in living things, CO poisoning carbon monoxide living things, causing deaths in case of excessive respiration. NOx Nitrogen Oxides disrupt the balance of nature as acid rain. CO2, which is thought to cause less damage, causes greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, causing the climate to change and the average temperature to increase. This study is to examine the effects of air pollution caused by exhaust gases on domestic pets, plant cover and water and other environment in the city.
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Moore, Curtis, and Michael P. Walsh. "Motor Vehicles and Long Range Transport of Pollutants-A Growing Global Problem." In SAE Government Industry Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/851209.

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Li, Xiugang, Xiaoguang Yang, and Wei Wang. "Simulation on Concentrations of Gas Pollutants from Motor Vehicles near Signalized Intersection in Chinese City." In International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40630(255)10.

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Šerevičienė, Vaida, Vaida Vasiliauskienė, Dainius Paliulis, and Jurgita Aleknaitė. "Integrated Evaluation of Road Transport Pollution Impact on the Urban Air." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.048.

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With the number of vehicles increasing, the analysis of urban air pollution becomes expedient. This article deals with the integrated evaluation of road transport realised pollutant impact on the urban air. During research, it was carried out complex measurements of the air quality involving passive diffusive sampling for nitrogen dioxide, active measurement for particle matters, lichen sampling for heavy metals and visual assessment of trees defoliation. Obtained results showed the statistically reliable (p < 0.05) strong correlation (r = 0.83) between the number of passing vehicles and the concentration of particulate matter and there is even stronger correlation (r = 0.94; p < 0.05) between the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and the number of passing vehicles. It was observed during the analysis, that in measuring sites in which was determined 30% more intense defoliation process, also determined a higher NO2 (>10μg/m3) and lead (~10 mg/kg) concentrations. It can be argued that the source of mentioned pollutants is the same – motor transport, and their presence in the environment influences defoliation phenomenon.
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Zharkova, M. S., and P. V. Klimov. "EVALUATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE RECEIPT OF KEY POLLUTANTS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR OF ROSTOV-ON-DON." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.628-630.

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A study was conducted to assess air pollution in Rostov-on-Don. The main source of air pollution is motor vehicles, whose contribution to total anthropogenic emissions reaches 91.3%. Despite the reduction in the influx of harmful substances, air pollution by suspended solids and nitrogen dioxide exceeds permissible sanitary and hygienic standards. As a result of preliminary ranking of pollutants, it was established that nitrogen dioxide emissions are the greatest potential threat to the population.
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Christodoulou, Fanos, Panagiotis Giannakakis, and Anestis I. Kalfas. "Performance Benefits of a Portable Hybrid Micro-Gas-Turbine Power System for Automotive Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23248.

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The lower fuel burn and pollutant emissions of hybrid electric vehicles give a strong motivation and encourage further investigations in this field. The know how on hybrid vehicle technology is maturing and the reliability of such power schemes is being tested in the mass production. The current research effort is to investigate novel configurations, which could achieve further performance benefits. This paper presents, an assessment of a novel hybrid configuration comprising a micro gas turbine, a battery bank and a traction motor, focusing on its potential contribution to the reduction of fuel burn and emissions. The power required for the propulsion of the vehicle is provided by the electric motor. The electric power is stored by the batteries, which are charged by a periodic function of the micro gas turbine. The micro gas turbine starts up when the battery depth of discharge exceeds 80% and its function continues until the batteries are full. The performance of the vehicle is investigated using an integrated software platform. The calculated acceleration performance and fuel economy are compared to the ones of conventional vehicles of the same power. The sensitivity of the results to the variation of the vehicle parameters such as mass, kinetic energy recovery and battery type is calculated to identify the conditions under which the application of this hybrid technology offers potential benefits. The results indicate that if no mass penalties are incurred by the installation of additional components the fuel savings can exceed 23%. However, an increase in the vehicle’s weight can shrink this benefit, especially in the case of light vehicles. Lightweight batteries and kinetic energy recovery systems are deemed essential enabling technologies for a realistic application of this hybrid system.
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Tarsitano, Davide, Laura Mazzola, Federico Cheli, and Ferdinando Mapelli. "Modeling of the Internal Combustion Engine by Means of Willans Line Approach for the Study of Hybrid Electric Powertrain." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36867.

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The use of road vehicles has always represented a major contribution to the growth of modern society: it facilitates goods and people mobility, meeting most of the daily needs and it represents a backbone for the development of world economy, (i.e. the industrial field). Nowadays, this mean of transportation, however, given the high number of vehicles on the roads, has a negative impact both on the environment and on the quality of human life. Moreover it leads to an increase in additional costs (i.e. the costs related to environment pollution, global warming and depletion of resources). Such a negative aspect is due to the fact that the drive systems are often characterized by high variability of the load, hence the propulsion system works in areas with low efficiencies and high pollutant emissions. In order to overcome these problems, and to allow the compliance of the road transport system with new European guidelines (i.e White paper, and Horizon 2020), it is necessary to develop innovative technologies able to: - increase the overall powertrain efficiency; - introduce a sustainable alternative fuels strategy including also the appropriate infrastructure; - reduce carbon emission through a decarbonisation approach; In this perspective, in recent years, the technology of electric and hybrid vehicles has been developed, and nowadays it has become a feasible solution in the context of means of transportation. Car/truck-makers and operators look at further developments and innovation in this field in order to optimise the existing solutions and reduce the production costs. The current solution for hybrid vehicles aims to couple a conventional engine with an electrical motor; these two propulsion system are coordinated by an opportune algorithm in order to let the conventional engine operate in its higher efficiency range. Hence the technology foresees the action of endothermic and electrical motors. It is then pivotal for the success of this transport the optimisation of the whole system (electrical and endothermic) in terms of efficiency, sizing and of the control algorithm that coordinate the two propulsion systems. For the modeling of the internal combustion engine conventional approaches, based on the numerical simulation of the combustion process, cannot be used because of their complexity in term of time needed for computing activity. For hybrid power train the general approach to simulated a drive cycle, that usually last at least a few minutes, is based on engine map approach [1–2]. The main burden to the described process is the identifications of maps of torque and consumption for the internal combustion engine, which are normally not predictable in detail, nor are provided by the manufacturers, but they can only be determined by means of experimental tests. Such a process can become extremely expensive and time consuming. Hence in this work the concept of virtual optimisation is introduced basing on the identification of torque and fuel consumption maps for internal combustion engines on analytical methods considering the similarities with engine of the same class. In this regard, a model of the system is developed based on the “Willans Line Method” approach, subsequently to a theoretical definition of the model, the identification of maps is carried out for two different engines (one diesel heavy-duty engine and one spark ignition engine) in order to consider the existing configurations of hybrid vehicles. Eventually the calculated maps are validated considering experimental data from existing experimental campaign. Providing the validity of the method and its usefulness in the hybrid vehicle design.
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Routh, Katelynn M., Scott J. Curran, and David K. Irick. "The University of Tennessee EcoCAR 2 Communications, Outreach, Education and STEM Recruiting Program Overview: Year 2." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64907.

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The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition (AVTC) series is a long running collegiate vehicle design competition for North American universities. The current three year competition series, known as EcoCAR 2: Plugging In To the Future, has students design and build a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that also incorporates alternative fuel. Teams are donated a 2013 Chevrolet Malibu by General Motors to modify. A significant aspect of the competition series is the public outreach and education aspect that leverages the expertise of the students in advanced vehicle technologies and alternative fuels. This also highlights the systems level approach to integrating all aspects of the vehicle to build a vehicle that has the best possible fuel economy, lowest well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions and lowest criteria air pollutant emissions while maintaining or exceeding vehicle performance, utility and safety. This paper presents an overview of the University of Tennessee’s (Team Tennessee) EcoCAR 2 outreach program, including core program goals and measures of effectiveness of the program for Year 2 of the competition. The paper focuses on the role that such programs can have on effective science, technology, engineering and mathematics recruiting through an overview of the outreach activities and the integration of hands on activities and partnerships with local schools. The leveraging of outreach and education capabilities with the team’s outreach partners is also highlighted.
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