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1
Li, Kai, Bing Xiao, Yanjun Wang, Jianli Jia, and Xiaodong Wu. "Applications of Electric Heating Technology in Vehicle Exhaust Pollution Control." Processes 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12020298.
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Motor vehicle exhaust is an important cause of atmospheric pollution. Nowadays, mainstream exhaust emission aftertreatment technologies, such as TWC, DOC, SCR, and DPF, usually require sufficient temperature to perform good purification or maintain normal working conditions. Compared with exhaust gas heating technologies such as engine enrichment and fuel injection, electric heating technology can quickly increase the temperature of exhaust gas aftertreatment devices without adverse effects on engine operating conditions. This article introduces the research and progress of electric heating technology combined with traditional aftertreatment devices on major types of vehicles, such as gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, motorcycles, and hybrid vehicles, to improve exhaust purification efficiency and its accompanying fuel consumption impact. In addition, the common structure and characteristics of electric heaters, as well as the current status and development trend of electric heating unit technologies such as electric heating power supply are introduced.
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Qin, Dong-Sheng, and Chang-Yuan Gao. "Control Measures for Automobile Exhaust Emissions in PM2.5 Governance." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8461406.
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This paper analyses the correlation between automobile exhaust, PM2.5, and air pollution to explore the rate of contribution of automobile exhaust to PM2.5 pollution and the effect of government regulation on automobile exhaust gas. The results show that the atmosphere is hazy and that car exhaust is the main cause of PM2.5 pollution. This paper divides the governance strategy into two methods: reducing the number of motor vehicles and reducing the emissions capacity of motor vehicles. It also analyses the effects of congestion control on public car travel and establishes a dynamic game model. To strengthen the influence of supervision on enterprises with regard to purifying devices and restrictions, this study also creates a “prisoner’s dilemma” model. The final results of the study show that restriction measures can effectively relieve road pressure. Additionally, congestion costs can alleviate environmental pressure, but it is difficult to determine the costs, and the difficulty of implementation increases. Increasing enterprises’ installation of purifying devices is not advisable or desirable in the short term. Finally, the paper offers some suggestions for the maintenance of the atmospheric environment and the management of automobile exhaust: (1) improve the national green transport system and environmental protection awareness; (2) advocate public transport as a mode of travel; and (3) reduce the use of buses and popularize new energy vehicles.
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Wang, Hao, Hongwen He, Jianwei Li, Yunfei Bai, Yuhua Chang, and Beizhan Yan. "Adaptive MPC Based Real-Time Energy Management Strategy of the Electric Sanitation Vehicles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020498.
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Electric sanitation vehicles have increasingly been applied to cleaning work due to the requirement of air pollution control. The power distribution and energy management strategy (EMS) influence the vehicle’s performance a lot both in the aspects of cleaning effect and electricity consumption. Aiming to improve energy economy and ensure clean tasks, first, the electricity consumption percentages of the vehicle onboard devices are analyzed and the main contributors are clarified, and the power requirement model of the working motor is built based on experimental data. Second, a universal modeling method of garbage distribution on the road surface is proposed, which implements a nonlinear autoregressive neural network as the predictor. Third, an adaptive model predictive control (AMPC)-based EMS is proposed and verified. The results show the AMPC method can accurately predict the garbage density and the proposed EMS can approximate the energy consumption of the DP-based EMS with little deviation. Compared to conventional rule-based EMS, the AMPC-based EMS achieved a 15.5% decrease in energy consumption as well as a 14.6% decrease in working time.
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Alborov, Ivan, Olga Burdzieva, and Fatima Tedeeva. "PRINCIPLES OF ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL WELFARE OF THE POPULATION UNDER THE EXPOSURE OF THE NOISE OF MOVING MOTOR TRANSPORT." Akustika 32 (March 1, 2019): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika201932222.
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The article presents the results of theoretical research, field and instrumental measurements of traffic flow on the main streets of Vladikavkaz. It is shown that in the formation of noise pollution of the urban environment during the movement of vehicles on the roads of the Vladikavkaz city, the road covering material, vehicle speed, tire pattern wear and out-of-limit lifespan, etc., are of great importance. The economic analysis of noise shield devices of vehicles and the dependence of the decrease in the sound pressure of transport and the implementation costs are given. At the same time, the norms of permissible sound levels in residential areas depending on the time of day are shown, which is significant when assessing the environmental comfort of housing in noise-stressed areas of the city. At the end of the article, conclusions are given for various categories of institutions and control and supervisory bodies to ensure favorable sanitary and environmental conditions for the population.
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Solomin, V. A., A. V. Shabanov, A. A. Shabanov, V. M. Kilyushnik, and A. V. Mladenskiy. "Analysis of methods and means of ecological control of harmful emissions of exhaust gases of automobiles." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66942.
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The problem of reduction of atmospheric air pollution by exhaust gases is discussed. A brief assessment of the impact of transport on the environment is given. The components of the pollutants are discussed. It is noted that in considering this problem, the methods of measurement and control of harmful emissions of the vehicles play a crucial role. The emphasis on the subject is made at the normative Russian and international standards, UN Rules and adoption of purposeful measures in the field of environmental protection during vehicles operation. The modern methods and devices used for the measurement of emissions of harmful substances of exhaust gases of automobiles are given. The conformity of the newly introduced vehicles to environmental requirements of international normative documents (UN Rules) on the emissions of harmful substances applies to a large extent the accuracy of measurement of gas analysis equipment. It is associated with a significant reduction of the measured values of concentrations of harmful emissions for vehicles of the ecological class EURO-5. It was noted that today especially relevant becomes the problem not only to improve the vehicle design from the point of limiting toxicity, but also improvement of technical control in operation. The lack of control and low level of maintenance lead to the breakdown of the normal operation of units and systems of the vehicle, which leads to increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air. As a result, all the efforts of the automotive industry to improve engine and neutralization systems to ensure environmental standards can be mitigated. In this regard, there were proposed approaches for the improvement of methods of technical control of vehicles. Substantially improvements of environmental control of motor vehicles are connected with performance of the onboard diagnostic systems of the vehicle in operation and neutralization systems. In order to guarantee their effective functioning during the life of the vehicle it is proposed to establish a system of replacement of catalytic converters of a vehicle failed during operation of the vehicle.
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Wang, Wen Yong, and Gao Ping Fu. "The Research of Source and Composition of Dust Haze in Chengdu and its Control Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2066.
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In this thesis, on the basis of detailed survey and actual measurement of the emissions of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and PM2.5 precursors (SO2, NOx and VOC) in Chengdu City, the source composition of PM2.5 in the atmospheric air of Chengdu City is simulated by taking the mode of Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ); meanwhile, with reference to the source analysis results of the other units, the key objects of dust haze (PM2.5) pollution, namely fugitive dust, industrial pollution sources and motor vehicle exhaust, can be controlled. Therefore, four main measures for controlling the dust haze (PM2.5) pollution are put forward: the first is to deeply control the particulate matters emitted by the industrial enterprises and install the desulfurization and denitrification devices to reduce the emissions of PM2.5 primary particulate matters and precursors; the second is to reduce the emissions of motor vehicle exhaust, nitrogen oxides and VOC; the third is to strengthen the control of fugitive dust; and the fourth is to implement joint prevention and joint control system among the cities.
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Han, Yangqi, Yaqing Zheng, Yuancheng You, and Yajuan Chen. "Application Research of Pulse Vibration High-Frequency Voltage Injection Method Without Speed Sensor in New Energy Vehicles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012015.
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Abstract The high-frequency voltage injection method of pulse vibration in the range of zero/low speed to medium-high speed has to be demonstrated for new energy vehicles., because it is very necessary and necessary to control the safety performance of the whole vehicle without speed sensor. The permanent magnet synchronous motor starts slowly to circle when the clean - energy vehicle cranked, and the correctness of the rotor’s startup position identification is significant. In order to achieve high-performance control of permanent magnet synchronous motor without speed sensor, this paper focuses mainly on how to estimate the rotor position of permanent magnet synchronous motor by amplifying the mathematical model of the motor. The high-frequency mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor’s voltage parameters are attained in the process of maintaining the motor’s preoperational position to address the problem of self-adaptability between the injected voltage and the likely phase current. The initial position identification of the rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous motor can be achieved by optimizing the adaptive method, and the pulse vibration highfrequency voltage anesthetic method also shows better efficiency and safety when the motor achieves a stable start and has sound output torque. The struggling to retain adaptive measurement device vibration high frequency voltage injection approaches is used by the light-duty low-speed new energy vehicle, which may minimize the mechanical speed sensor after becoming damaged, save the cost and improve the compactness of the electric vehicle space design, which is conducive to solving the situation of energy shortage in my country and alleviating environmental pollution. This is in line with the future development concept of society.
8
R. Ranjith and S. Suraiya. "Design and fabrication of eco - friendly solar scooter from electric scooter." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 10, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.1.0803.
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Solar energy, a renewable source of energy, is an imminent form that, if properly used, can give rise to incredible energy that can be further used in different forms. Research is still in progress on applications like solar-powered automobiles, solar-powered steam turbines, etc. The concept of the design and fabrication of solar-powered scooters was mainly intended for the reduction of non-renewable energy consumption and environmental protection. In this connection, it is essential to design and develop an eco-friendly solar-powered vehicle. This is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the vehicle, and it works on the principle of the photoelectric effect. Solar vehicles aren't practical day-to-day transportation vehicles at present, but they are used as primary demonstration vehicles. In our work, a Li-ion battery is an energy storage device that can store charge from a flexible monocrystalline solar panel. A brushless DC hub motor is the prime mover, and it drives the vehicle with the support of two wheels. A solar charge controller is used to manage the charging of a battery bank and control the ratio of current and voltage. This solar electric scooter has the capability to carry weights up to 150 kg and can travel at speeds of 40 km/h. The developed solar scooter can provide an incessant journey of 7 km, or it can travel up to 3 hours continuously. It is designed to be user-friendly, free from pollution, and entirely different from conventional vehicles. This solar powered vehicle solves various problems related to the environment, and it is the most efficient pollution-free technique.
9
Boopathi, Nikita Gobichettipalayam, Manoj Shrivatsaan Muthuraman, Ryszad Palka, Marcin Wardach, Pawel Prajzendanc, Edison Gundabattini, Raja Singh Rassiah, and Darius Gnanaraj Solomon. "Modeling and Simulation of Electric Motors Using Lightweight Materials." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 5183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145183.
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Electric motors are utilitarian devices of great potential as they can limit the amount of pollution by drastically reducing the release of harmful gases. The implementation of the right type of advanced materials plays a vital role in the amelioration of modern automobiles while maintaining and/or improving the performance and efficiency of the electric motor. The use of lightweight materials could result in a better-performing vehicle that can be much less heavy. The replacement of regular cast iron, steel, and aluminum with lightweight materials such as fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon fiber, and polymer composites can reduce the weight of the motor without impacting its performance and improve its energy-saving capacity. This paper explores a way to reduce motor weight by employing a PA6GF30 30% glass fiber-reinforced polymer casing to reduce the weight of the motor while making cooling system modifications. This material was applied to the motor casing, which resulted in a significant reduction in weight compared to the water-cooled electric motor of aluminum (Alloy 195 cast) casing.
10
Sujono, Hari Agus, Riny Sulistyowati, and Wahyu Agung Satriya. "Microcontroller-based air quality monitoring design using mamdani fuzzy method." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 32, no. 2 (November 1, 2023): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v32.i2.pp715-724.
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<span>Hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) not only emerge in the outdoor environment but also inside the house or factory which will endanger the occupants or workers. The detection devices are mainly found on public roads since detected gas mostly consists of CO and SO<sub>2</sub>. The design of air quality monitoring devices is proposed with applied sensors such as TGS2201 and MQ136. The device, when activated, will detect the gas components in the room. The results of the detection will be displayed in the value of gas concentration and quality. If the concentration exceeds the specified threshold, the fan will act to neutralize the contained air. Fuzzy logic is applied with the membership function using the Sugeno model. The test is applied in the box with maximum air pollution of 80 ppm according to the motor vehicle gas, and out of the box at a public road with maximum air pollution of 51 ppm. Each method has the differences of 29 ppm.</span>
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NIZIŃSKI, Stanisław, and Włodzimierz KUPICZ. "MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY CONTROL OF MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLES." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 160, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.2996.
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The paper presents the essence of the maintenance and safety of military vehicles with the use ofrules, methods and devices of technical diagnostics. Within the system of motor vehicles maintenance,the subsystems of maintenance performance and maintenance control are distinguished.The notion of the logistic supersystem of motor vehicles is introduced.The article presents an algorithm for diagnosing and evaluating the safety of motor vehiclesin combat. It has been suggested that one should always diagnose the following system:the vehicle – the crew – the environment. It has also been emphasised that there is a need todevelop technologies to diagnose and maintain motor vehicles.
12
Searles, R. A. "Car Exhaust Pollution Control." Platinum Metals Review 32, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214088x323123129.
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Over the past twenty years catalysts containing platinum group metals have become the preferred means of limiting the polluting emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from motor vehicles. However, from time to time methods of exhaust control are proposed which appear to offer a viable alternative to autocatalysts. Europe has been slow to adopt emission control standards for vehicles which is, perhaps, surprising bearing in mind that European catalyst manufacturers have been producing autocatalysts and European car producers have been fitting them to vehicles destined for the U.S. and Japanese markets for over fourteen years. This article gives the background to the suggested alternatives, which are in the main different approaches to lean burn operation, and to other engine based controls. It explains why, for the foreseeable future, a platinum-containing autocatalyst will still be required to ensure that the cleanest possible exhaust is emitted under all driving conditions.
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Cao, Xiangyang, Jinbo Liu, Dongxue Wang, Changzhong Wu, and Jiaxin Tian. "Design of a Two-phase Brushless DC Motor Control System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2417, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2417/1/012028.
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With the depletion of petrochemical resources in the whole region, reducing the dependence on petrochemical energy, and reducing environmental pollution and carbon emissions have become the common goal of the world. Pure electric vehicles are a kind of new energy vehicle. Compared with fuel vehicles and other types of electric vehicles, they have high energy utilization efficiency, low price, and less pollution emission. Therefore, this paper will discuss the structure, working principle, and control system of the two-phase brushless DC motor and put forward the two-phase four-bridge arm drive scheme to improve the voltage utilization rate and achieve more environmentally friendly and efficient electric energy application.
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Zhang, Xian, Qinglong Wang, Weina Qin, and Limei Guo. "Sustainable Policy Evaluation of Vehicle Exhaust Control—Empirical Data from China’s Air Pollution Control." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010125.
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With the increase of car ownership, mobile pollution has become an important source of air pollution, which makes it more difficult for China to control air pollution. In order to control mobile pollution from automobile exhaust, China has taken a series of comprehensive measures. The paper studies the emission reduction effect from the perspective of flow pollution and stock pollution. First of all, the paper uses the actual emission data of motor vehicles to study the emission reduction effect by gasoline and diesel vehicles. The results show that: (1) Fuel price, fuel tax (except diesel), and emission and gasoline standards have an emission reduction effect on gasoline vehicle exhaust control, while the restriction has no effect. (2) In gasoline cars, the emission reduction effect in the Middle East is more significant than in the West, and the effect in the West is better than that in the Middle East. (3) As for diesel vehicles, the effect of policy in the West is superior to the East. Further, the east is better than in the middle. Secondly, based on the actual emission data of Chinese motor vehicles, the paper simulates the change value of stock pollution from automobile exhaust under different policies, and concludes that the economic effect of policy depends on the ecological absorption rate and discount rate. When the net discount value NPV is positive, the government should do its best to interfere with the emission of automobile exhaust. When the net discount value NPV is negative, the government doesn’t have to interfere with the emission of automobile exhaust.
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Su, Yan Lei, and Jian Wen Wang. "Analysis of Hohhot’s Traffic Pollution and its Control Countermeasures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.804.
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With the rapid increase of urban motor vehicles, the traffic pollution in Hohhot is becoming more and more observable. In this paper, it analyzed Hohhot’s traffic pollution data of late years, then combined the relevant causes and proposed some low-carbon countermeasures to control its traffic pollution.
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Men, Xiaojin, Youguang Guo, Gang Wu, Shuangwu Chen, and Chun Shi. "Implementation of an Improved Motor Control for Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 4833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134833.
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Electric vehicles are regarded as a significant way to mitigate the global energy crisis and the environmental pollution problem. Motor control is a very important part for electric vehicles. As for hardware, a motor controller usually has components such as a power module, microprocessor unit, IGBT driver, sensors, and resolver-to-digital convertor. As for software, a field-oriented control (FOC) with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is a popular method, while model predictive control (MPC) has recently shown great potential in motor drives. In this paper, both FOC and MPC are discussed and the performances are compared based on experiments. As the implementation is on a digital processor, the discretization and normalization are addressed, and the flux observer and speed estimation are discussed. Some practical issues for implementation are also talked about, such as field weakening control, overmodulation, etc. This paper focuses on how to implement the improved motor control for electric vehicles as industrial applications. The steady-state torque performances of this motor controller are verified by motor test-bench experiments. MPC shows as good performance as FOC in these experiments.
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Bertelsen, Bruce I. "The U.S. Motor Vehicle Emission Control Programme." Platinum Metals Review 45, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214001x4525059.
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The United States motor vehicle emission control programme is noted for its pioneering role and success in limiting exhaust pollution, utilising the three-way catalyst, cleaner fuels, improved engine design and calibration strategies. The progressive lowering of the emission limits by technology-forcing legislation via the agencies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the California state legislature has resulted in cleaner air. Here, progress to date and future intentions for emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles are discussed.
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Yang, An Jie, and Jian Ping Bi. "Detection and Treatment Technology for Automobile Exhaust Pollution." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2484.
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This paper describes the automobile production, sales and ownership in china during the past two years, then analyses the composition of vehicle exhaust emissions which are harmful gases to human body. Due to the urgency of the control of pollution from motor vehicles in china, emissions detection and treatment technology need to be further developed. Specially, this article puts forward some suggestions and solutions strengthening the maintenance of in-use vehicles and accelerating the pace of pollution control.
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Zhong, Tao, and Hai Fang. "Design of Human-Machine Interaction for Motor Controller of Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.650.
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The research on the motor controller is the key link in the process of the development of electric vehicles. The motor controller can make the data exchange between the power systems to meet the requirements of simple and rapid with high reliability, strong anti-interference ability, good real-time performance, error detection and good isolation capability, which plays a vital role in the development of electric vehicles. High reliability of motor controller is very important, in order to work safety, besides the reliable software and hardware system, it is necessary to control the motor controller with some convenient devices. Handheld programmer of electric vehicles has been developed for this purpose. For the operator operating the equipment effectively and conveniently, provide effective safety guarantee for the controller, programmable handheld programmer can be operated simply through buttons on the programmer by operators, so as to control the operation of motors and the operation of electric vehicles.
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Walsh, Michael P. "Controlling Motor Vehicle Emissions." Platinum Metals Review 33, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214089x334194212.
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For some twenty years this Journal has reported advances in the application of platinum metals catalyst technology for the control of automobile exhaust gases. The first work was directed at reducing atmospheric pollution in Los Angeles, where climatic and topographic conditions, together with a high concentration of automobiles combined to create a clearly perceived problem. Since that time the use of pollution control catalysts for vehicle emission abatement has grown substantially. In Europe, popular concern about the effects of pollution is now being translated into legislation to protect the environment, so it is timely to re-examine the existing evidence of the atmospheric changes caused by motor vehicles, and from that to predict what may happen on a global scale in the future. It is suggested by the author, who was formerly Deputy Assistant Administrator for Mobile Source Air Pollution Control at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, that the latest catalyst technology must be applied worldwide, without delay, to prevent further major damage to the environment.
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Farrán, José I. "No Turns Allowed: Controlling Vehicles Turning in Front of Light Rail Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1704, no. 1 (January 2000): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1704-11.
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A key attribute of light rail transit (LRT) is its ability to integrate well into urban environments, sharing the public right-of-way with motor vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians. This characteristic has made LRT very successful in urban corridors that require a high-capacity mode of transportation operating in a shared (on-street or mall) right-of-way environment. Although LRT is an inherently safe mode of transportation, accidents do occur. Such accidents negatively affect not only the parties involved, but also the operation of the entire LRT system and the reputation of the transit property. LRT accident data indicate that the most prevalent type of light rail vehicle (LRV)-motor vehicle accident occurs when motor vehicles turn left or right across LRT tracks and collide with an LRV rapidly approaching the intersection. Five of the most-common types of such accidents are identified, and traffic control devices and techniques are recommended to improve safety by conveying to the motorist the higher level of risk in violating a left or right turn signal prohibition.
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Cho, Yunkoo, Young Jae Han, Jumi Hwang, Jiwon Yu, Sangbaek Kim, Chulung Lee, Sugil Lee, and Kyung Pyo Yi. "Identifying Technology Opportunities for Electric Motors of Railway Vehicles with Patent Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052424.
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An electric motor is a device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy for railway vehicles. When developing the electric motor, it used to be developed simply for structures or control methods of the motor itself without considering convergence with other devices or technologies. However, as the railway vehicles become more advanced, technology development through convergence with other devices or technologies is spreading. Therefore, based on patent data related to the electric motors applied to the railway vehicles, this research aims to carry out technical forecasting for establishing research and development (R and D) direction for new technologies by predicting vacant technologies from the point of view of technology convergence. In other words, we studied how to find the vacant technologies in a field of convergence technology for the electric motor of the railway vehicles by analyzing the patent data. More specifically, we search the patents data associated with the electric motor of the railway vehicle that contain multiple IPC codes, and use multiple IPC codes to determine the field of convergence technology. In addition, we extract keywords from the patents data related to each of the determined convergence technologies and define the vacant technologies by interpreting the field of convergence technology and the extracted keywords.
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Korotkiy, А. A., O. A. Bakhteev, and S. S. Kostyukov. "Improving safety of interfactory and company motor and electric vehicles by introducing modern digital devices." SAFETY OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, no. 1 (2021): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2021-1-2-9.
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Introduction. Industrial injuries are one of the most pressing problems in the field of occupational safety at enterprises of the main industries in the Russian Federation. Most cases of such injuries are noted when moving goods and people by means of various types of interfactory transport. A set of regulatory documents developed in recent years by the Government of the country is dedicated to solving this problem. In accordance with the current trends in the development of new technical solutions, the use of a complex of devices based on IT-technologies is effective. This article is devoted to improving the safety of interfactory and company motor and electric vehicles by introducing modern digital devices. Problem Statement. Almost all large industrial enterprises have a need to move goods and personnel both to the place of production activities and within the enterprises. Motor and electric vehicles used for these purposes do not always undergo a maintenance check, they often undergo technical inspection and repairs with whatever funds remains, and always the personnel operating these vehicles do not have permission to drive. Possible accidents with interfactory and company vehicles occurring as a result of insufficient control over the technical condition of vehicles and inadequate or absent medical and administrative checks of the operating personnel can lead to injuries at the enterprise. Theoretical Part. This article proposes methods for reducing traffic accidents of interfactory and company motor and electric vehicles of industrial enterprises and warehouse enterprises through the introduction of remote monitoring of operation based on IT-technologies, operating with the use of mobile applications that use Internet of Things technologies. The options for introducing security elements designed to reduce the number of transport accidents in internal transport of industrial enterprises and warehouse complexes are considered. An experiment was carried out to introduce system components to vehicles of an industrial enterprise. Conclusion. The use of the proposed monitoring and control system for motor and electric vehicles at machine-building enterprises and warehouse complexes will make it possible to quickly resolve issues related to labor protection, the economy of the enterprise and compliance with the labor discipline. In particular, it is planned to reduce vehicle failures due to mechanical failures, as well as to make timely decisions on the removal from driving the drivers who are not feeling well.
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IDZIOR, Marek, and Edward CZAPLIŃSKI. "Environmental aspects of the impact of the technical condition of motor vehicles on environmental pollution." Combustion Engines 168, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-124.
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The article presents selected aspects related to the influence of toxic components of exhaust gases from vehicle transport vehicles on environmental pollution and human health. The paper describes the quantitative structure of motor vehicles that are operating in Poland. The structure of used passenger cars that were imported from abroad and first registered in Poland was presented. The procedure for periodic control tests in exhaust emission diagnostic stations is also described. The results of the study allowed to distinguish a group of vehicles that did not meet the limits of pollution established by the legislator.
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Zhang, Jian Bao, Chun Guang Lu, and Cheng Qun Li. "The Drive Control System of Micro Logistics Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1134.
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Energy saving and environmental protection become two major topics in today's world. But with the rapid development of the global auto industry, energy consumption and environmental pollution problems also arise, so how to develop electric vehicles, especially how to promote the sustainable development of the electric car has become the outstanding problem faced by automotive industry in China. Motor drive system is the core component of the electric car, so it's extremely important to drive motor selection [. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics and performance of all kinds of drive motor, and determine the type of logistics in electric vehicle drive motor and the selection of drive position.
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Puzakov, Andrey Vladimirovich. "Assessment of operation efficiency of power supply system for motor vehicles." Transport of the Urals, no. 4 (2022): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-4-62-67.
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Modern motor vehicles are not equipped with devices that allow controlling efficiency of operation of power supply system, which leads to unexpected losses in operation. One of the solutions of the problem is continuous control of parameters of power supply system. However, their current values are not informative. On the basis of comparative analysis of power supply system parameters at normal and emergency operation the author suggests new principles of assessment of its efficiency. Results presented in the paper can get a practical development at realization of on-board device for monitoring power supply system for motor vehicles in real time.
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Morya, Ajay Kumar, and Hamid A. Toliyat. "Quantitative Reliability Evaluation of Silicon Carbide-Based Inverters for Multiphase Electric Drives for Electric Vehicles." Power Electronics and Drives 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2022-0003.
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Abstract Reliability of power converter in the electric drivetrain of a vehicle can be a criterion for the comparison of various converter topologies, cooling system designs and control strategies. Therefore, reliability prediction is important for the design and control of vehicles. This paper presents an approach for quantitative evaluation of the reliability of converters for multiphase motor drives for electric vehicles (EVs) after considering the driving cycle. This paper provides a good background of reliability quantification so that it is easy to extend the presented approach to other applications. The models of subsystems have been selected to have excellent computational efficiency with good accuracy which is necessary for simulating long driving cycles. A simple vehicle model is used to obtain the traction motor torque demand for various points of the driving cycle. A multiphase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor has been used for traction motor. The operating voltage and currents of the motor are found using maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control of IPMSM. The analytical loss calculation has been used to find the losses of switching devices of the converter. A thermal model of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET has been used to calculate junction temperature from the losses. The model developed here gives the failure rate and mean time between failures (MTBF) of switching devices of the inverter, which can be used to determine the failure rate. The model has been used to find the transition probabilities of a Markov model which can be used to quantify the reliability of converters of multiphase electric drives.
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Balashanmugam, P., Sangeeta Nath, Sanjay Paswan, Gaurav Kaushal, Kunal Verma, and Pankaj Kumar Prasad. "Development of Emission Control Devices for Petrol Engines (Catalytic Convertor)." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v2i4.334.
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Petrol power inevitably finds a very important role in the development of the plant’s economy and technical growth. Inspite of their high thermal efficiency, one cannot ignore the fact about the effect of their exhaust, in the atmosphere. It is a well-known fact that the toxic gases emitted in petrol engines are less than the engines. Due to high cost of petrol, petrol engines are more in use. Anticipating the use of petrol engines, even more in the near future; this system developed can be used to control the toxic gases, coming out of the petrol engines. These toxic gases are harmful not only to the atmosphere, but also to the human & animal race. Objective of this project is to design & fabricate a simple system, where the toxic levels are controlled through chemical reaction to more agreeable level. This system acts itself as a silencer; there is no need to separate the silencer. The whole assembly is fitted in the exhaust pipe; it does not give rise to any complications in assembling it. This system is Very cost effective and more economical. The automobiles play an important role in the transport system. With an increase in population and living standard, the transport vehicles as well as car population is increasing day by day. In addition to this there is a steep increase in the number of two wheelers during the last two decades. All these are increasing exhaust pollution and particularly in metros as density of these vehicles in metros are very high. The main pollutants contributed by I.C. engines are CO, NOX unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and other particulate emissions. Other sources such as Electric power stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumers also add pollution like NOX, SO2 and particulate matters. In addition to this, all fuel burning systems emit CO2 in large quantities and this is more concerned with the Green House Effect, which is going to decide the health of the earth. Lot of efforts is made to reduce the air pollution from petrol and diesel engines and regulations for emission limits are also imposed in the USA and in a few cities of India. An extensive analysis of energy usage and pollution shows that alternative power systems are still a long way behind the conventional ones. Further developments in petrol and diesel engines, combined with improvements in the vehicles, will make fuel consumption reduction of 40% or more in the future cars.This, in turn, will reduce the CO2 emissions, a gas which is responsible for the greenhouse effect.
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Zapata Sebastian, Correa, Vergara Crismatt Carlos, and Rico Mesa Edgar. "Development of a Multi-Motor Power System for Vehicles Converted to Electric." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20042.
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The GACIPE research group has been developing a project focused on the conversion of an internal combustion car to an electric one, implementing a mechanical and electronic development with the objective of implementing new technologies in the automotive sector by designing drivers to control the speed of multiple 2.2 kw DC motors with a new trigger procedure of the power devices. This project is a small contribution to reducing the effects of climate change.
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Ramesh, B., Kalagotla Chenchireddy, Baddam Nikitha Reddy, Bellamkonda Siddharth, Chelmala Vinay Kumar, and Putta Manojkumar. "Closed-loop control of BLDC motor using Hall effect sensors." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 12, no. 3 (July 25, 2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v12.i3.pp247-254.
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Due to its key advantages of top performance, strong torque, and simple volume, brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are now extensively employed in a variety of industrial sectors, including the automotive industry, robotics, and electrical vehicles. Yet, in some circumstances, it can be challenging to use speed control techniques for specific devices. The major goal of this work is to use a proportional integral derivative (PID) converter to regulate the speed characteristics of BLDC. PID converter is preferred over all other converters because of its straightforward design and straightforward implementation. Using MATLAB simulation results are verified at different reference speed changing conditions, the motor input current and back electromotive force (EMF) values are verified. The speed and torque characteristics are verified during steady and transient state conduction.
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Chen, Zipeng. "Research on Temperature Control System Mechanism of New Energy Lithium Battery for Automobile." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 15 (November 26, 2022): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v15i.3002.
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At present, energy is in short supply all over the world, and the environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, in order to alleviate the double pressure of environmental pollution and energy, new energy vehicles have been invented, among which electric vehicles have been widely developed. Clean energy utilization is urgent and important, and it is becoming a trend to replace fuel vehicles with electric vehicles. Battery is an important component of electric vehicle, and its correlation with vehicle performance is rather high. Lithium-ion battery has the advantages of high energy density and low self-discharge rate, and has gradually become the preferred battery for electric vehicles. Sensors used in electric vehicles mainly include sensors for detecting battery temperature, sensors for monitoring motor temperature and temperature sensors for battery cooling system. The performance and service life of lithium-ion batteries are greatly affected by temperature. In order to control the temperature of lithium battery, this paper studies its thermal management system. This paper discusses the significance of temperature control of lithium battery in electric vehicle, and puts forward the optimization measures of operation mechanism of lithium battery thermal management system.
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Mohan, Harshit, Gopal Agrawal, Vibhu Jately, Abhishek Sharma, and Brian Azzopardi. "Neural Network-Driven Sensorless Speed Control of EV Drive Using PMSM." Mathematics 11, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 4029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11194029.
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To reduce pollution and energy consumption, particularly in the automotive industry, energy saving is the main concern, and hence, Electric vehicles (EVs) are getting significantly more attention than vehicles with internal combustion engines (IC engines). Electric motors used in Electric Vehicles (EVs) must have high efficiency for maximum utilization of the energy from the batteries or fuel cells. Also, these motors must be compact, lightweight, less expensive and very easily recycled. Further, to obtain better dynamic performance, various motor control strategies are used to control the speed of the motor. And to have increased reliability, sensorless speed control techniques that offer sufficiently high performance are used. The sensorless speed control techniques are largely divided into three groups: state observer methods, indirect measurement methods and saliency-based methods. Generally, the state observer uses back emf or flux linkage to estimate the speed of the motor. Since the back emf is directly proportional to the rotor speed, at low-speed back emf based method will give poor performance. The current-based Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) model is also popular for estimating low speed; however, assessments deteriorate during high performance applications such as EV. This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN)-deployed sensorless speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive used in EVs. In this paper, the estimation of speed using the current-based MRAS model is discussed and compared with the proposed ANN-based controller, which shows significant improvement in the performance of EV motor drives. The MATLAB simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed algorithm.
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Wang, Wen Yong, Xiao Juan Ma, and Bo Jun Ke. "Study on Sulfur Dioxide Atmospheric Environmental Capacity of Chengdu Urban Agglomeration." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.488.
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located in the west of Sichuan Basin and composed of Chengdu City, Mianyang City, Deyang City, Ziyang City, and Meishan City, Chengdu urban agglomeration is an area where industry, population and motor vehicles are densely distributed. Therefore, there are acute conflicts between the economic development and atmospheric environmental protection. On one hand, lots of pollutants emitted by industry and motor vehicles enter the atmosphere and adversely affect the environmental air quality. On the other hand, the dense population needs good air quality. Since the current environmental air quality standards cannot fully protect human health and ecological balance, in the calculation of the atmospheric environmental capacity for urban agglomerations, in addition to pollution control investment and environmental quality up to standards, the pollution hazard losses should also be considered. In the present paper, according to the specific conditions of Chengdu urban agglomeration, a multi-source mode and dual-objective optimized atmospheric environmental capacity model was developed with the minimum pollution control investment and pollution hazard losses serving as the objective function and the environmental air quality up to standard serving as the constraint. The Sulfur Dioxide atmospheric environmental capacity of Chengdu urban agglomeration was calculated by using this model so as to provide basic data for the total capacity control of Chengdu urban agglomeration.
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Zhang, Jianwu, Benben Chai, and Xingyang Lu. "Active oscillation control of electric vehicles with two-speed transmission considering nonlinear backlash." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 234, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419319877332.
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The nonlinear backlash can influence the driveability of the electric driveline due to the lack of the traditional clutches and torsional damper devices. During the stand-start, regenerative braking and gear shift process of the electric drive system equipped with two-speed transmission, the request of transient traction motor change will transverse the powertrain backlash, which will excite the driveline oscillations coupled to the first rigid mode of the entire powertrain, referred as shuffle or shunt. These vibrations are transmitted to the chassis, causing deterioration in passenger comfort. In this paper, the nonlinear driveline model including the traction motor, half shaft, driveline backlash, and car wheel are developed. Then, dual extended Kalman filter method is employed to estimate vehicle mass and half shaft torsional angle of the proposed driveline. Based on the estimated information, a hierarchical architecture of the active oscillation compensation is proposed to alleviate the vibration in both contact and backlash mode. The experimental results show that the estimation method is effective and the vehicle shuffle can be significantly decreased by the developed control algorithm.
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Priambodo, Purnomo Sidi, Yosua Adriadi, and Taufiq Alif Kurniawan. "Transformerless SoC-based current control switching battery charger for e-vehicle: design and analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703044.
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Electric-based vehicles become a necessity in the future to dramatically reduce the effects of pollution. There are various devices involve in the operation of electric vehicles, one of which is a battery charger. This paper discusses the design steps, circuit and ripple performance analysis associated with building a battery charger system. The analysis shows the differences between RL and RC circuits in controlling the output voltage average and the ripples. It shows how RLC mixed circuit improve performance in both controlling the output voltage average and the ripple suppression.
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Raheem, I. O., F. W. Burari, A. Salihu, M. N. Abdulkareem, B. G. Aremu, and J. A. Rabiu. "ASSESSMENT OF CO2 EMISSION DUE TO SPEED BUMPS ON SELECTED HIGHWAYS IN BAUCHI STATE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0802-2477.
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One industry that will emit carbon dioxide (CO2) that is dependent on the production of fossil fuels is transportation. Even though cars emit carbon dioxide (CO2), which contributes to air pollution, fossil fuel-powered vehicles nevertheless require widespread use. Traffic-calming devices act as tools to reduce the rapidity of automobiles. They make a major contribution to road protection; however, air contamination is more likely to arise due to the fact that motor vehicles use brakes and accelerate more regularly. This study examines the impact of speed bumps brought on by elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on selected commercial vehicles, including Vectra, Volkswagon, Peugeot, Ford Galaxy, and Toyota Hiace buses, traveling on highways from Bauchi to Jos, Bauchi to Azare, Bauchi to Gombe, and Bauchi to Kano. To estimate the CO2 emissions of each kind of specified commercial vehicle, the fuel consumption of the vehicles before and after the installation of bumps was gathered using a questionnaire model and examined using a mathematical model using a macro-scale approach. The result shows that there is an increase of 21% in CO2 emissions on the Bauchi to Jos Highway, 15% in CO2 emissions on Bauchi to Azare, 24% in CO2 emissions on Bauchi to Gombe, and 40% in CO2 emissions on Bauchi to Kano. The study concludes that transport-related pollution on Bauchi Highway has indeed significantly increased with the installation of calming traffic devices, which is dangerous to human health and vegetation near these highways.
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Xue, Yifeng, Xizi Cao, Yi Ai, Kangli Xu, and Yichen Zhang. "Primary Air Pollutants Emissions Variation Characteristics and Future Control Strategies for Transportation Sector in Beijing, China." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104111.
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Air pollutant emissions from vehicles, railways, and aircraft for freight and passenger transportation are major sources of air pollution, and strongly impact the air quality of Beijing, China. To better understand the variation characteristics of these emissions, we used the emission factor method to quantitatively determine the air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector. The emission intensity of different modes of transportation was estimated, and measures are proposed to prevent and control air pollutants emitted from the transportation sector. The results showed that air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector have been decreasing year by year as a result of the reduction in emissions from motor vehicles, benefiting from the structural adjustment of motor vehicles. A comparison of the emission intensity of primary air pollutants from different modes of transportation showed that the emission level of railway transportation was much lower than that of road transportation. However, Beijing relies heavily on road transportation, with road freight transportation accounting for 96% of freight transportation, whereas the proportion of railway transportation was low. Primary air pollutants from the transportation sector contributed significantly to the total emissions in Beijing. The proportion of NOX emissions increased from 54% in 2013 to 58% in 2018. To reduce air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector, further adjustments and optimization of the structure of transportation in Beijing are needed. As for the control of motor vehicle pollutant emissions, vehicle composition must be adjusted and the development of clean energy must be promoted, as well as the replacement of diesel vehicles with electric vehicles for passenger and freight transportation.
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Demers, Simon. "Survivability factors for Canadian cyclists hit by motor vehicles." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 3, no. 2 (October 17, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.66.
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Police-reported data from Transport Canada’s National Collision Database (NCDB) are analyzed with a view to identify and quantify various factors that can impact the survivability of cyclists involved in a motor vehicle collision. A Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and a multiple imputation (MI) process address the variable selection and missing data problems, respectively. The resulting probabilistic model suggests that collision sur-vivability depends largely on the cyclist’s age and helmet usage. Survivability improves with age up to age 21, peaks for cyclists aged 21 to 34, and falls after age 35. Controlling for age and other factors, a bicycle helmet reduces the risk that a cyclist fatality will occur by approximately 34% (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56-0.78). Survivability in general, and the apparent safety benefits of bicycle helmets in particular, do not appear to depend on the sex of the cyclist once the type of collision and other factors are controlled for. Head-on and rear-end collisions tend to be more deadly. Certain environmental and situational variables, like strong winds and traffic control devices, also appear to impact survivability. There might be opportunities to sensitize cyclists of various age groups about the risks they are exposed to while cycling, and prevent or better protect cyclists from head-on and rear-end collisions.
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Samuel, Alen Joseph, and Shoney Sebastian. "An algorithm for IoT based vehicle verification system using RFID." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3751. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3751-3758.
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The verification of vehicle documents is an important role of transport department which is rising day by day due to the mass registration of the vehicles. An automated vehicle verification system can improve the efficiency of this process. In this paper, we propose an IOT based vehicle verification system using RFID technology. As a result, the vehicle checking which is done now manually can be replaced by automation. There is a loss of a significant amount of time when the normal vehicle checking is done manually. The proposed system will make this process automated. The present verification process is using inductive loops that are placed in a roadbed for detecting vehicles as they pass through the loop of the magnetic field. Similarly, the sensing devices spread along the road can detect passing vehicles through the Bluetooth mechanism. The fixed audio detection devices that can be used to identify the type of vehicles on the road. Other measurements are fixed cameras installed in specific points of roads for categorising the vehicles. But all these mechanisms cannot verify the documents and certificates of the vehicles. In our work, we have suggested an algorithm using RFID technology to automate the documentation verification process of the vehicles like Pollution, Insurance, Rc book etc with the help of RFID reader placed at road checking areas. This documents will be updated by the motor vehicle department at specific periods.
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Deepak, Kritika, Mohamed Amine Frikha, Yassine Benômar, Mohamed El Baghdadi, and Omar Hegazy. "In-Wheel Motor Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 29, 2023): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073121.
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Recently, there has been significant attention given to the electrification of transportation due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Conventional drive systems typically include a clutch, reduction gear, and mechanical differential, which results in power loss, noise, vibration, and additional maintenance. However, in-wheel motor drive technology eliminates the need for these components, providing benefits such as higher system efficiency, improved wheel control, and increased passenger comfort. This article offers a comprehensive review of the technology and development of in-wheel motor drives. It begins with an overview of in-wheel motor drives in electric vehicles, followed by an exploration of the types of electric motors suitable for in-wheel motor drives. The paper then presents an industrial state of the art of in-wheel motors, comparing them with conventional motor drives, and reviews the implemented power electronics, control system, and cooling systems. Finally, the paper concludes by providing an outlook on the challenges and future trends of in-wheel drive systems.
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Akshay, Raikanti, Nithineshwar Reddy, Sai Sri Nidhi, and Vijay Anand R. "Applications of UAV in the agriculture field." Applied and Computational Engineering 6, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/6/20230855.
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As the world population is increasing day by day, the rise in food production becomes very crucial. Increasing prominence of technology in the agriculture sector is the X-factor to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the betterment of agricultural processes. In the agriculture sector, many aspects which are not under the control of human beings can also be monitored, managed by the use of technological devices like Unmanned aerial vehicles. Parallel, controlling the pollution in the environment is also important. Fertilizers and pesticides should be applied only in the appropriate amounts. Under amount leads to improper growth of the crop and over amount leads to the soil pollution which further results in water pollution. The usage of the unmanned aerial vehicles in the agriculture sector is a very beneficial thing in both aspects of crop growth and nature conservation. Advantages and application of the unmanned aerial vehicles are properly analyzed in the study.
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Tao, Zhang. "Single Chip Microcomputer Technology of PIC Application in the Mining Area Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.248.
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For days, we are widespread in many parts of the fog haze weather, the gray one everywhere, level of air quality is heavily contaminated, including sources of PM2.5 is complex, both the pollution from motor vehicles, also has the fine particles from the burning of coal, at the same time in the air such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, after a series of complex changes, small particles generated the harmful to human body. In change this study, we introduced the PIC control technology; this technology can effectively improve the combustion of coal mine air pollution.
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Saidi, Hemza, Rachid Taleb, Noureddine Mansour, and Abdelhamid Midoun. "DSP based space vector PWM control for solar electric vehicle." Journal of Renewable Energies 19, no. 2 (January 9, 2024): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v19i2.571.
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Solar Electric Vehicles (SEV) are considered the future vehicles to solve the issues of air pollution, global warming, and the rapid decreases of the petroleum resources facing the current transportation technology. However, SEV are still facing important technical obstacles to overcome. They include batteries energy storage capacity, charging times, efficiency of the solar panels and electrical propulsion systems. Solving any of those problems and electric vehicles will compete-complement the internal combustion engines vehicles. In the present work, we propose an electrical propulsion system based on three phase induction motor in order to obtain the desired speed and torque with less power loss. Because of the need to lightweight nature, small volume, low cost, less maintenance and high efficiency system, a three phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) is selected in the electrical propulsion system. The IM is fed from three phase inverter operated by a constant V/F control method and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on the texas instruments TM320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to generate SVPWM signal needed to trigger the gates of IGBT based inverter. The inverter used in this work is a three phase inverter IRAMY20UP60B type. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed control strategy to generate a three-phase sine wave signal with desired frequency. The proposed control strategy is experimented on a locally manufactured EV prototype. The results show that the EV prototype can be propelled to speed up to 60km/h under different road conditions.
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Rojas-Rueda, David, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Haneen Khreis, and Howard Frumkin. "Autonomous Vehicles and Public Health." Annual Review of Public Health 41, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094035.
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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to shape urban life and significantly modify travel behaviors. “Autonomous technology” means technology that can drive a vehicle without active physical control or monitoring by a human operator. The first AV fleets are already in service in US cities. AVs offer a variety of automation, vehicle ownership, and vehicle use options. AVs could increase some health risks (such as air pollution, noise, and sedentarism); however, if proper regulated, AVs will likely reduce morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle crashes and may help reshape cities to promote healthy urban environments. Healthy models of AV use include fully electric vehicles in a system of ridesharing and ridesplitting. Public health will benefit if proper policies and regulatory frameworks are implemented before the complete introduction of AVs into the market.
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Li, Bai, Rong Cao, Zhanyong Wang, Rui-Feng Song, Zhong-Ren Peng, Guangli Xiu, and Qingyan Fu. "Use of Multi-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Fine-Grained Roadside Air Pollution Monitoring." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 7 (June 4, 2019): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119847991.
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With increasing numbers of motor vehicles, vehicle exhaust gas has become one of the most important sources of urban air pollutants. After being emitted from the motor vehicle, exhaust gas spreads through the air along the road and is gradually deposited in the surrounding area, having an adverse impact on pedestrians and residents. At present, most research on vehicle exhaust directly measures the total emissions from the exhaust pipe or monitors the time variation of air pollutants at the roadside by setting roadside monitoring stations. The spatial resolution of these two methods is very low, however, and it is impossible to describe accurately the diffusion patterns of exhaust gas in the atmosphere after discharge. Some scholars have conducted research on the quality of roadside air by hand-held portable devices, but these are limited by the speed of travel, and the spatial and temporal resolution of the acquired data is also very low. By using multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and portable equipment, this study demonstrates an atmospheric environment monitoring system based on multi-rotor UAV by designing corresponding hardware circuits and software programs. With flexible requirements for takeoff or landing sites and high maneuverability of multi-rotor UAVs, the system increases the capability for high resolution spatial and temporal monitoring of the diffusion of traffic-emitted pollutants. The system can conduct fixed-point measurement by hovering, and can also measure air pollutants in complex urban terrain, providing an innovation in the study of vehicle exhaust gas diffusion.
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V, Haripriya, Sushil Tripathi, Chetan Chaudhary, and Amandeep Gill. "Speed Sensorless based Sliding Mode Control of BLDC Motor Drivefor Electric Vehicle." E3S Web of Conferences 540 (2024): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454002004.
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Electric vehicles are having significant priority in transportation including goods, public transport etc. among many technologies in electric vehicle, brushless DC (BLDC) motors operated eclectic drives are mostly used. Speed sensorless control is required to implement for obtaining a best performance. At the same time, a sliding mode controller (SMC) can be able to produce the ultimate response under various conditions. Hence sensorless speed control with SMC of BLDC motor is implemented in this paper to drive the electric vehicle. In order to develop speed sensorless of motor, a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) system is developed. However, obtaining a fastest response is very important in electric vehicle speed control. Hence a TS-Fuzzy model is developed to use in the place of conventional PI controllers. Extensive results are collected for presentation by establishing Hardware – in the – Loop (HIL) with the help of two OPAL-RT devices.
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Song, Pengyun, Yanghui Liu, Tao Liu, Huazhang Wang, and Liwei Wang. "A Novel Suppression Method for Low-Order Harmonics Causing Resonance of Induction Motor." Machines 10, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10121206.
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In the motor drive system of electric vehicles, there are some nonlinear factors, such as the deadtime and the conduction voltage drop of switching devices, which will generate low-order harmonics of the stator current and the torque ripple. The frequency of the harmonic may coincide with the natural frequency of the motor, so resonance may occur on the motor drive system. To reduce the noise caused by motor resonance, the characteristics of harmonic distortion caused by the deadtime, and the conduction voltage drop of the switching device, are analyzed firstly. Then, a motor vector control strategy with specific low order is proposed. The sixth-order harmonic resonance controller in d-q axis is introduced into the control loop, and the parameter designing principle of the controller is also presented. Without affecting the control performance of the current loop, the sixth-order harmonic of the stator current near the natural frequency can be significantly suppressed. Finally, the simulation and the experiment are carried out to certify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed harmonic suppression method.
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Guo, Dongdong, Hongyuan Wei, Yong Guo, Chuanqi Wang, and Zenghui Yin. "Non-exhaust particulate matter emission from vehicles: A review." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801015.
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According to the source, particulate matter produced during vehicle driving can be divided into exhaust emission and non-exhaust emission. Exhaust emission includes exhaust pipe emission and crankcase emission, while non-exhaust emission includes brake wear, tire wear, road wear and road dust. For a long time, it has been considered that the particulate matter pollution of motor vehicles mainly comes from exhaust emissions, and the control of particulate matter pollution in various countries is mainly concentrated in the tail gas. However, with the continuous tightening of emission standards, the emission of particulate matter has been reduced, but also makes the environmental pollution of non-exhaust particulate matter increasingly prominent. This paper summarizes the research on vehicle non-exhaust particulate matter emissions, aiming to emphasize the importance of non-exhaust particulate matter emissions and the necessity of legislation, so as to reduce their contribution to environmental particulate matter concentration.
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Zharkin, A. F., V. B. Pavlov, and V. V. Grebenikov. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE CONTROLLER FOR CONTROL OF THE TRACTION ELECTRIC MOTOR ON PERMANENT MAGNETS." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, no. 5 (August 18, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.05.052.
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The controller of traction electric motors on permanent magnets for vehicles in which the power transistor converter is made on the modified IGBT modules with the improved characteristics is described in this work. The use of these modules, which are widely used today in semiconductor devices of modern dual-use technology, allows to reduce the size and weight of the converter, simplify the cooling system, increase efficiency and reliability of the semiconductor converter and electric drive in general due to harsh operating conditions. Bench tests of the experimental sample of the semiconductor converter and the microprocessor control system in various operating modes, including at the maximum load corresponding to real operating conditions are made and carried out. As a result of tests, it was determined that the technical characteristics of the controller meet the requirements of such devices. The created semiconductor controller on IGBT modified modules can be used to control motors on permanent magnets and motor wheels with a nominal power of 40-50 kW, maximum - 100 kW. References 11, figures 8, tables 4.
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Bhutkar, Vrishali Sanjay, and Haripriya Kulkarni. "EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE BY USING ACTIVE FILTERS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 6 (March 25, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i6.2019.390.
Full textAbstract:
In electric vehicle is new emerging trend, because cost of fuel is increasing and air pollution is also increasing. Electric vehicle is control the air pollution. Electric vehicle also gives less cost per kilometer. Electric vehicles can run up to 450 km in a single battery charge to achieve this distance normal fuel consumes very large amount of fuel giving rise to costly journey as well as rise in air pollution but in case of electric vehicles does not pollute air and have high fuel efficiency because of this it is very beneficial for the society. In electric vehicles battery pack is uses to give power to electric motors. Battery is dc supply. Inverter is converted DC to impure AC supply having large harmonics, these harmonics reduces the efficiency of electric motor that as electric vehicle. This work shows some MATLAB simulation of inverter has done 21 levels. This simulation gives approximate output. As a result, THD reduce.