Journal articles: 'Motor vehicles Transportation Aerosols'

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Ildarkhanov, Radik Fanisovich. "Rolling Stock for International Motor Trucking." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 3172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9156.

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The analysis of the international motor transportation in Russia is carried out, the main directions of cargo transportation, environmental requirements for rolling stock, rules for the vehicles admission for transportation under customs seals, peculiarities of vehicles inspection for international transportation by multilateral approvals and certificate issuance of roadworthiness are presented. The market of rolling stock for international road transportation is described; the limits on dimensions, total weight and thrust capacity of motor vehicles according to the standards of the European Community are mentioned.

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van Schaik, C. "Transportation of infants and children in motor vehicles." Paediatrics & Child Health 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/13.4.313.

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Amann, C. A. "Private Vehicles for Personal Transportation." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906760.

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In the United States, private personal transportation has become dominated by the automobile, a platform supported on four wheels and propelled by an internal combustion engine (ICE). Some of the reasons why this combination has emerged as the preferred choice are reviewed. Since urban air quality has become an issue, the ICE has kept pace with progressively more stringent exhaust-emissions regulations. Future emissions standards will encourage the use of alternative fuels and battery-electric propulsion. Looking far into the future, the depletion of fossil-fuel resources and/or definitive evidence that greenhouse gases are actually changing the global climate would foster a shift toward nuclear and solar energy. The automobile platform is compatible with such a shift. The ICE and the electric motor remain as potential motive sources, although they would face some difficult challenges.

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Xue, Yifeng, Xizi Cao, Yi Ai, Kangli Xu, and Yichen Zhang. "Primary Air Pollutants Emissions Variation Characteristics and Future Control Strategies for Transportation Sector in Beijing, China." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104111.

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Air pollutant emissions from vehicles, railways, and aircraft for freight and passenger transportation are major sources of air pollution, and strongly impact the air quality of Beijing, China. To better understand the variation characteristics of these emissions, we used the emission factor method to quantitatively determine the air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector. The emission intensity of different modes of transportation was estimated, and measures are proposed to prevent and control air pollutants emitted from the transportation sector. The results showed that air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector have been decreasing year by year as a result of the reduction in emissions from motor vehicles, benefiting from the structural adjustment of motor vehicles. A comparison of the emission intensity of primary air pollutants from different modes of transportation showed that the emission level of railway transportation was much lower than that of road transportation. However, Beijing relies heavily on road transportation, with road freight transportation accounting for 96% of freight transportation, whereas the proportion of railway transportation was low. Primary air pollutants from the transportation sector contributed significantly to the total emissions in Beijing. The proportion of NOX emissions increased from 54% in 2013 to 58% in 2018. To reduce air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector, further adjustments and optimization of the structure of transportation in Beijing are needed. As for the control of motor vehicle pollutant emissions, vehicle composition must be adjusted and the development of clean energy must be promoted, as well as the replacement of diesel vehicles with electric vehicles for passenger and freight transportation.

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Farrán, José I. "No Turns Allowed: Controlling Vehicles Turning in Front of Light Rail Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1704, no. 1 (January 2000): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1704-11.

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A key attribute of light rail transit (LRT) is its ability to integrate well into urban environments, sharing the public right-of-way with motor vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians. This characteristic has made LRT very successful in urban corridors that require a high-capacity mode of transportation operating in a shared (on-street or mall) right-of-way environment. Although LRT is an inherently safe mode of transportation, accidents do occur. Such accidents negatively affect not only the parties involved, but also the operation of the entire LRT system and the reputation of the transit property. LRT accident data indicate that the most prevalent type of light rail vehicle (LRV)-motor vehicle accident occurs when motor vehicles turn left or right across LRT tracks and collide with an LRV rapidly approaching the intersection. Five of the most-common types of such accidents are identified, and traffic control devices and techniques are recommended to improve safety by conveying to the motorist the higher level of risk in violating a left or right turn signal prohibition.

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Riyadi, Slamet. "Peran Motor Listrik pada Transportasi Ramah Lingkungan." PRAXIS 1, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/praxis.v1i1.1626.

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The fossil based fuel crisis and environmental degradation issues have caused the transportation system to use electric motors as an alternative to combustion engines. The emergence of electric hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles has been a sign that the revolution in the field of transportation has reached the implementation stage. DC motors that are capable to generate large torque becomes an option at first, but due to its limitations then other types of motors which have advantages such as DC motor but eliminating the its weakness are developed. BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motors and switched reluctance motors are priority in implementation. This paper describes the characteristics and performance of the three motors which can be used as the background for developing environmentally friendly transportation system

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Balkmar, Dag, and Ulf Mellström. "Masculinity and Autonomous Vehicles." Transfers 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2018.080105.

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This article addresses the anthropomorphization and interpellative experience of cars and trucks, in order to meet future mobility challenges. Autonomous vehicles offer an emancipatory opportunity within a wider movement of degendering and regendering motor vehicles. We argue that autonomous vehicles can challenge the foundations of a gendered economy founded on masculinity, speed, pleasure, and embodiment. Rather than thinking in terms of a process of demasculinization, this article anticipates a regendering and resegregation through which certain forms of masculine gendered economies of pleasure will lose ground and others will gain. A core question in this article asks who will be in the driver’s seat of future systems of automobility as the control of the vehicle is gradually being transferred from the driver to digital control systems and intelligent roads.

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He, Lieyun, Xinming Lin, Qiang Liu, and Jason X. Tao. "A numerical model for impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on through lane capacity metrics." Archives of Transport 55, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4199.

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There is a conflict between through motor vehicles and the left-turn non-motorized vehicles, and the capacity of straight-line motor vehicles decreases. This study analyzes the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes. A correction coefficient model for calculating the reduced capacity of through motor vehicle lanes has been developed based on analysis of the conflicting points at an intersection and the negative exponential function of traffic flow distribution. With consideration of intersection geometric design, channelization, and traffic characteristics, the correction coefficient model was further enhanced by regression to capture the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles from the same and the opposite directions. A simulation with VISSIM is used to validate the developed model. It shows that the calculated capacity from the correction coefficient model is close to the simulation results. The experiment indicates that the derived model is highly accurate in calculating the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes and has potential application for situations of mixed traffic in China. The study shows that the capacity of a through traffic lane at the permitted phase decreases with the increase of left-turning non-motorized vehicles, and the impact of left-turning non-motorized vehicles from the same direction is more significant. The results show that the traffic capacity of straight-line motor vehicle decreases with the increase of the left-turn non-motorized vehicles flow rate and the influence of the left-turn non-motor vehicle is more obvious. It is suggested that in practice, the correction coeffi-cient of non-motor vehicle on the left turn should be 0.88, and the correction coefficient on the left turn should be 0.95, respectively. The study recommends coefficient values for both non-motorized vehicles from the same and opposite directions for use in real applications.

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Schultz, Grant G., and Laurence R. Rilett. "Calibration of Distributions of Commercial Motor Vehicles in CORSIM." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1934, no. 1 (January 2005): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193400126.

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One of the most critical aspects of effective microscopic traffic simulation models is proper calibration for accurate replication of both supply and demand characteristics, as well as their interaction. Recent research has begun automating the calibration process by using intelligent transportation system data. This research, however, has targeted automobile traffic and has not generally included commercial motor vehicle (CMV) impacts. Because CMVs are a significant part of the traffic stream and tend to have a disproportionate effect on the transportation system, it is theorized that these vehicles should be included in the calibration process. The objective of this research, therefore, is ( a) to outline calibration parameters and network properties available (including site-specific vehicle distributions with weigh-in-motion and automatic vehicle classification data) for a freeway simulation of both passenger cars and CMVs and ( b) to apply these parameters and network properties on an urban freeway system in Texas by using the microscopic traffic simulation model CORSIM and an auto-mated genetic algorithm calibration methodology. The results of the analysis indicate that the overall calibration measurably improves the ability of the model to replicate observed conditions. The results for this corridor, however, do not support the need to include maximum nonemergency deceleration rates in the calibration process. The inclusion of site-specific vehicle distributions, however, was observed to provide a more accurate representation of vehicle composition and overall network results. This methodology has not been explored previously and provides a strong base for evaluating the impacts of CMVs on the transportation network by the use of microscopic traffic simulation models.

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Zhuravleva, Larisa. "Motor vehicle unmanned driving technology enhancement." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126201008.

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The relevance of the introduction of unmanned vehicles, the improvement of their control systems is increasing every year due to the ever-increasing volume of cargo transportation. The undoubted advantages of the developed direction are the reduction of the influence of the human factor, management errors, and, consequently, reduction of the number of accidents, as well as reduction of the transportation costs. The research was aimed to develop the algorithmic, programmatic control of an unmanned vehicle when transporting goods along a given route, in particular, when unmanned vehicles move in a convoy behind a pilot vehicle with a given distance along an arbitrary trajectory. The article discusses the control algorithm, technical means of the control system and the technical vision tracking system. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the movement of an unmanned vehicle based on a serial KamAZ 6520 vehicle.

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Prokudin, Georgiy, Svitlana Sharay, Myroslav Oliskevych, and Maxym Roy. "Modeling of motor vehicles in inter-local transportation of cargoes interaction." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 10, no. 2 (2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2019-10-2-95-101.

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Fuller, Daniel, and Patrick Morency. "A Population Approach to Transportation Planning: Reducing Exposure to Motor-Vehicles." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/916460.

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Transportation planning and public health have important historical roots. To address common challenges, including road traffic fatalities, integration of theories and methods from both disciplines is required. This paper presents an overview of Geoffrey Rose's strategy of preventive medicine applied to road traffic fatalities. One of the basic principles of Rose's strategy is that a large number of people exposed to a small risk can generate more cases than a small number exposed to a high risk. Thus, interventions should address the large number of people exposed to the fundamental causes of diseases. Exposure to moving vehicles could be considered a fundamental cause of road traffic deaths and injuries. A global reduction in the amount of kilometers driven would result in a reduction of the likelihood of collisions for all road users. Public health and transportation research must critically appraise their practice and engage in informed dialogue with the objective of improving mobility and productivity while simultaneously reducing the public health burden of road deaths and injuries.

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Paez, Diana C., Luis F. Gomez, Christina Mallarino, Carlos M. Arango, Alberto Flórez, Andrew Nylander, and Diana C. Parra. "Associations between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and physical activity in Colombian adults from urban areas." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 11 (November 2014): 2320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00197513.

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Sedentary behaviors are associated with less physical activity. Little evidence exists about this association and its relation with commuting time in Latin America. This study examined the association between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and physical activity levels in the domains of leisure time physical activity and transportation, among Colombian adults in urban areas. A secondary data analysis of the 2010 National Nutrition Survey was conducted. Time spent traveling in motor vehicles and physical activity were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Binary logistic regressions were conducted. Time spent traveling in motor vehicles for 120 minutes or more was reported among 27.6% of the sample. The prevalence of walking and bicycling as a means of transportation for at least 150 minutes per week was 34% and 4.4%, respectively. Achieving at least 150 minutes of leisure time physical activity a week was reported by 18.4% of the sample. This study suggests negative associations between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and active transport, with significant trend associations in stratified analyses. No significant associations were found between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and leisure time physical activity.

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Kreith, Frank, Ron E. West, and Beth E. Isler. "Efficiency of Advanced Ground Transportation Technologies." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 124, no. 3 (August 6, 2002): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1486019.

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This paper presents thermodynamic analyses of ten different scenarios for using natural gas to power motor vehicles. Specifically, it presents a comparison between different types of automotive vehicles using fuels made from natural gas feedstock. In comparing the various fuel-vehicle options, a complete well-to-wheel fuel cycle is considered. This approach starts with the well at which the feedstock is first extracted from the ground and ends with the power finally delivered to the wheels of the vehicle. This all-inclusive comparison is essential in order to accurately and fairly compare the transportation options. This study indicates that at the present time hybrid-electric vehicles, particularly those using diesel components, can achieve the highest efficiency among available technologies using natural gas as the primary energy source. Hydrogen spark ignition, all-electric battery-powered, and methanol fuel cell vehicles rank lowest in well-to-wheel efficiency because of their poor fuel production efficiencies.

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Harahap, Romulhan, Budiman Ginting, Jusmadi Sikumbang, and Jamilah Jamilah. "Aspek Hukum Pelaksanaan Pengujian Kelayakan Angkutan Bermotor; (Studi Kasus Di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengujian Kenderaan Bermotor, Terminal Pinang Baris Medan)." ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum 2, no. 1 (May 2, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/arbiter.v2i1.108.

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Transportation Agency is an organization that serves to held public services in road freight traffic. One of the programs the Department of Transportation that is the setting of public transport (people) through the testing of motor vehicles. Given the need for transport is a top priority in fulfilling the needs of daily life - a good day for work, school, college, and the other, the number of accident victims bring people, besides the risk of air pollution was inevitable. It was all no existence apart from motor vehicles both for public transport and private interests.

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Galkin, Andrii. "Mechanisms for increasing of transportation efficiency using joint service of logistics systems." Archives of Transport 49, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2770.

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More and more attention become to Transport Company’s functioning efficiency due to growing of goods’ nomenclature and specific requirements for their service. Existing scientific and practical approaches to managing of transportation process consider separate service of each contract individually. Up-today requirements for transportation services complicate such evaluation. These requirements primarily include transportation frequency and volumes variation in each logistics system due to seasonal consumption of material flows. Different seasonality leads to irrational use of vehicles and decrees of their efficiency. All this gives rise to the mechanism of compatible transportation service of numerous logistics systems and their material flows by any enterprise. The paper consist of next sections the analysis of scientific framework and methods on the transportation services, fleet estimation, efficiency evaluations, analysis of requirements of transportation services; Mechanism of joint transportation services; Modelling of transportation services in logistics systems, where joint efficiency estimation of transportation functioning and logistics system and conclusions. The proposed methods and tools in the complex allow to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of the joint motor transport service of logistic systems by own and hired vehicles compared to the separate on the basis of performance indicators, which vary depending on the technological parameters: transport distances, runway usage factor, cargo class, load capacity of motor vehicles . The offered approach will reveal: regularities of change of indicators of efficiency of variants of the joint motor transport service between the traditional approach (a separate calculation of efficiency for each logistics system) and the proposed (calculation of compatible services), which allows to determine the equivalent cost of transport services during motor transport maintenance of material flows. The calculations confirm the effect of use compared to the separate combined transportation of material flows, which will be shown in reducing the required amount of vehicles by 31,8% and increasing efficiency from 5% to 60%, depending on the initial values of the transportation services parameters. The results of the project can be used in the formation of a freight vehicle fleet of any enterprise that is faced with the issue of hiring transport or have its own, PL providers, transport companies, and others.

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Kresnanto, Nindyo Cahyo. "Model Pertumbuhan Sepeda Motor Berdasarkan Produk Dosmetik Regional Bruto (PRDB) Perkapita (Studi Kasus Pulau Jawa)." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 25, no. 1 (August 10, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v25i1.18585.

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The number and growth of vehicles, is a separate issue associated with sustainable transportation. In 2014, recorded vehicle election in Indonesia reached more than 448 vehicles per 1,000 people. And specifically, for motorcycles reach 365 vehicles per 1,000 people. The growth of motor vehicles is significantly influenced by economic growth (measured by Gross Domestic Product - RGDP). When compared with motor vehicle growth, it can be concluded that the high growth rate of motor vehicles at the end of this decade actually impact on the decrease of RGDP. To see the trend between economic growth represented by RGDP and the growth of motor vehicle (motorcycle) needs a model. Motor vehicle growth model in Java can be approached with Gompertz function. This function is a negative exponential function with asymptote used is the highest value of motor vehicle ownership in DKI Jakarta Province is 1,299 motorcycles per 1,000 people.

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Rubie, Elisabeth, Narelle Haworth, Divera Twisk, and Naohide Yamamoto. "Influences on lateral passing distance when motor vehicles overtake bicycles: a systematic literature review." Transport Reviews 40, no. 6 (May 21, 2020): 754–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2020.1768174.

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Hayafune, Kazuya, and Eisuke Masada. "PM-type linear synchronous motor for transportation vehicles in automated production lines." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 108, no. 5 (1988): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.108.485.

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Kamiński, Bartłomiej, Marcin Nikoniuk, and Łukasz Drązikowski. "A concept of propulsion and power supply systems for PRT vehicles." Archives of Transport 27-28, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2013): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0004.0110.

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An innovative propulsion and power supply topology for Personal Rapid Transit is presented. The concept is based on application of linear induction motor for propulsion and hybrid power supply using Contactless Energy Transfer supported by a supercapacitor energy storage. Proposed solution is based on the application of linear induction motor as a propulsion and inductive contactless energy transfer.

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Black, William R. "Motor Vehicles in the Environment: Principles and Practice." Journal of Transport Geography 4, no. 3 (September 1996): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-6923(96)84398-5.

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Mondol, MN, M. Khaled, AS Chamon, and SM Ullah. "Trace metal concentration in atmospheric aerosols in some city areas of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 49, no. 4 (March 19, 2015): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i4.22630.

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Aerosol particulate matter and trace gases were sampled at five locations in the city areas of Bangladesh. The sampling sites were selected in the city areas near motor vehicles run with heavy traffic. The average concentrations of total suspended particulate matter in city ambient air were 413.02, 292.63, 671.65, 184.09 and 301.13 ?g m-³ in Dhaka, Noakhali, Chittagong, Faridpur and Kustia, respectively, which were higher than the daily average value, given by WHO and US EPA standard. The highest SPM concentration is in Chittagong (671.65 ?g m-³) and the lowest in Faridpur (184.09 ?g m-³). The city areas studied fall in the Unhealthy to Extremely Unhealthy class according to the Air Quality Index, 2003. Trace metal concentrations of total suspended particulate matter in city ambient air were analyzed. The reported previous Pb concentration in farmgate, Dhaka was 1238 ng m-3 by Biswas et al., (2003) and now shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The average results of trace metals have been compared to national and international standards. The Cu and Zn concentration of current study is found very high in comparison with other previously reported results. The air of Chittagong city is highly polluted. Motor vehicles, especially two stroke engine vehicles are increasingly major sources of air pollution in Chittagong. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i4.22630 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(4), 263-270, 2014

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Portola, V. A., E. S. Torosyan, and A. S. Kuznetsova. "Indirect Negative Influence of Coal Mine Motor Vehicles on the Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 770 (June 2015): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.770.690.

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The article presents the results of research into heating up of coal and coal-bearing rocks during transportation by motor vehicles. It is proved that heating of coal by exhaust truck gases causes increase in coal chemical reactivity and stimulates self-ignition process. Experiments reveal a growing amount of hazardous gases evolved into the atmosphere as the temperature of coal-bearing rock increases.

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Podvalna, Halina, Olena Bochko, Viktoriia Kuziak, and Nazar Stasyuk. "Economic efficiency of road transport vehicles of fleet and its impact on commercial indices and production plan of a motor transport enterprise." E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400056.

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At the current stage of development of the branch of motor transport in Ukraine, satisfactory equipment of enterprises with the fixed assets, particularly motor transport enterprises, is one of the main problems. Fleet of road transport vehicles of those enterprises needs almost complete renovation, and productive-technical base for maintenance inspection and repair of transport requires complete technical re-equipment. The aim of the work is to develop theoretical approaches and practical recommendations concerning maintenance of road transport vehicles of motor transport enterprises, choice of the type of transportation means and determination of the necessary number of vehicles depending on the production plan of their operation.

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Sudrajat, Imam. "REKONSTRUKSI BIROKRASI PEMERINTAH DAERAH PENGUJIAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN (Study tentang Birokrasi Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor pada Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah)." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v1i2.1471.

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Implementation of Bureaucracy in testing at the Motor Vehicle Department of Transportation District/town in Central Java is not based on the value of justice due to the Problem Statement that occur in relation to services and feasibility testing of motor vehicles is not only a service procedure, but the commitment of employees to carry out services and feasibility testing of motor vehicles less reflect fairness and transfaransi. Servicing and testing the feasibility of a motor vehicle cannot fully satisfy the community because people's understanding of the feasibility of testing services of motor vehicles, apparently not all of them know and understand procedurally. To perform reconstruction Bureaucracy, used Progressive Legal Theory equitable, with steps taken by the privatization Motor Vehicle Inspection, Supervision improve the effectiveness, efficiency and transfer of oil fuel sources, restrictions on vehicle age and vehicle progressive taxation.

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Richardson, Barbara C. "Role of the Motor-Vehicle Industry in a Sustainable Transportation System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1702, no. 1 (January 2000): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1702-03.

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A sustainable transportation system is one in which fuel consumption, vehicle emissions, safety, congestion, and access to social and economic opportunity are of such levels that they can be sustained into the indefinite future without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own transportation needs. Each of the stakeholders in the transportation system—local, state, and federal governments; the fuel and motor-vehicle industries; and public-transportation providers, users, and others—will have roles to play in moving toward sustainability. The motor-vehicle industry, as manufacturers of the vehicles that are used for 99 percent of the personal ground veh-km of travel, will need to participate proactively with all of the stakeholders in the transportation system as it addresses the challenges and opportunities in the areas of fuel consumption, emissions, congestion, safety, and access.

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Dong, Chenhao, Rongguo Ma, Yujie Yin, Borui Shi, Wanting Zhang, and Yidan Zhang. "Traffic Conflict Analysis of Motor Vehicles and Nonmotor Vehicles Based on Improved Cellular Automata." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (January 31, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2529816.

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In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s logistics industry and urban service industry, electric bicycles have gradually become an important means of transportation in cities due to their flexibility, green technology, and low operating costs. Because electric bicycles travel though motor vehicle lanes and nonmotor vehicle lanes, the conflict between motor and nonmotor vehicles has become increasingly prominent, and the safety situation is not optimistic. However, most theories and models of mixed traffic flow are based on motor vehicles and bicycles and few involve electric bicycles. To explore the traffic safety situation in an urban mixed traffic environment, this paper first uses cellular automata (CA) to establish a three-strand mixed traffic flow model of motor vehicles, electric bicycles, and bicycles and verifies the reliability of the model by using a MATLAB simulation based on the actual survey data. Then, using the technology of traffic conflicts and the conflict rate as the index to evaluate the traffic safety situation, the change in the conflict rate with different road occupancies and different proportional coefficients of motor vehicles is studied. In the end, the conflict rate is compared between the mixed traffic flow and the setting of a physical isolation divider, which provides some suggestions on when to set a physical isolation divider to separate motor vehicles from nonmotor vehicles. The results show that in a mixed traffic environment, the conflict rate first increases and then decreases with increasing road occupancy and reaches a peak when the road occupancy is 0.6. In addition, in mixed traffic environments, the conflict rate increases with an increasing proportional coefficient of the motor vehicle. When the road occupancy rate is within the range of [0.6, 0.9] or when the proportional coefficient of motor vehicle is between [0.8, 0.9], a physical isolation divider can be set to separate motor vehicles and nonmotor vehicles from the space to improve traffic safety.

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ANGGARA, MADE BAYU, I. Nyoman Sujana, and Ni Made Puspautari Ujianti. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Sewa Umum di Provinsi Bali." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.1.2988.165-169.

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Transportation of people using motorized vehicles is not on a route, which is further regulated by the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 108 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Transportation of People with Public Motor Vehicles not in a Route. In this study using normative legal methods, namely by examining library legal materials and secondary data. The regulation on consumer protection has been regulated in law number 8 0f 1999 concerning consumer protection, hereinafter referred to as UUPK. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the implementation of public rental transportation in the Province of Bali and also to determine the legal protection of users of public rental services in the Province of Bali

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Prentkovskis, Olegas, Edgar Sokolovskij, and Vilius Bartulis. "INVESTIGATING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: A COLLISION OF TWO MOTOR VEHICLES." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.14.

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Traffic safety may be ensured by normal operation of all elements of the system, including the driver, a motor vehicle and transportation medium. Insufficient safety of some particular elements of this system (the lack of discipline of the participants of traffic, poor technical state of a motor vehicle or road, etc.) are the main causes of traffic accidents. Statistical data on traffic accidents in 2000–2009 in Lithuania is presented. Collisions of motor vehicles in 2009 make one of the largest proportion of all traffic accidents ‐ 33.4%. In 2009 drivers, were the main traffic accident perpetrators ‐ 73.6%. The paper considers some major aspects of motor vehicle collision simulation based on the application of PC‐CRASH software, allowing researchers to analyze the changes in the direction of motor vehicle motion in the case of a collision and the influencing factors. This type of traffic accident simulation consists in studying the circumstances of collision, reconstructing the processes, calculating the pre‐impact speed of motor vehicles and deter‐ mining various parameters of motor vehicles’ movement at different stages of traffic accident development.

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Nasrudin, Na’asah, Harifah Mohd Noor, and Yusfida Ayu Abdullah. "Public Awareness towards Sustainable Transportation in Shah Alam, Malaysia." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 11 (May 20, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.109.

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This paper studied the awareness of an urban population to use sustainable vehicles and their readiness to reduce car usage. Data were collected through a survey of 384 vehicle users in Shah Alam, Selangor. Results suggested that the majority were not ready to consider cycling and walking as alternatives. About to environmental awareness, the majority showed their awareness of the dangers of motor vehicles towards the environment. However, they refused to use more sustainable mode oftravelling. Among other reasons provided as “refusal” regarding of sustainable vehicles,applicationwas hot weather, surrounding safety factor and inefficient public transport services.Keywords: Sustainable vehicles; environmental awareness, travel behavioureISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.109

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Krylova, Kristina, and Evgeniy Vitvitskiy. "Operational planning of cargo transportation by motor vehicles used on hourly payment conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 403 (December 19, 2019): 012227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/403/1/012227.

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Latif, Mohd Talib, Peter Brimblecombe, Nor Azam Ramli, Justin Sentian, Jariya Sukhapan, and Norela Sulaiman. "Surfactants in South East Asian Aerosols." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 3 (2005): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05031.

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Environmental Context.Surfactants are present in all atmospheric aerosols with potential effects on surface tension, cloud droplets and even human health. They appear to be anionic and associated with yellow aqueous extracts, suggesting a humic-like character. These surfactants are probably derived from the oxidation of combustion-generated soot (from vehicles and forest fires). Abstract.The concentration of surfactants in aerosols was determined at several sites in South East Asia, Bangi, Penang and Kota Kinabalu in Malaysia and Bangkok, Thailand, as methylene blue active substances (MBAS) and ethyl violet active substances (EVAS) for anionic surfactants and disulphine blue active substances (DBAS) for cationic surfactants. The methodology used is based on the formation of extractable ion-association complexes of surfactants and dye in organic solvents followed by spectrometric measurement of the intensity of the extracted coloured complex. Results showed surfactants in aerosols are mostly in the anionic form as MBAS and EVAS, and higher in aerosols collected in congested areas, especially in times of forest fires. Concentrations are in the range of 34.6 to 285.0 pmol m−3 for MBAS and 129.9 to 932.2 pmol m−3 for EVAS. Several different types of soot and humic acid seem possible sources of surfactants in atmospheric aerosols. Laboratory experiments suggested that combustion products, especially from motor vehicles, are important primary sources of surfactants in aerosols. There is also some laboratory evidence that there are secondary sources for these surfactants in aerosols, possibly humic-like substances (HULIS) from the oxidation and photochemical reaction of soots and humic acid.

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Wang, Qiyuan, Huikun Liu, Ping Wang, Wenting Dai, Ting Zhang, Youzhi Zhao, Jie Tian, Wenyan Zhang, Yongming Han, and Junji Cao. "Optical source apportionment and radiative effect of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in a tropical marine monsoon climate zone: the importance of ship emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 15537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15537-2020.

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Abstract. Source-specific optical properties of light-absorbing carbonaceous (LAC) aerosols in the atmosphere are poorly understood because they are generated by various sources. In this study, a receptor model combining multi-wavelength absorption and chemical species was used to explore the source-specific optical properties of LAC aerosols in a tropical marine monsoon climate zone. The results showed that biomass burning and ship emissions were the dominant contributors to average aerosol light absorption. The source-specific absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) indicated that black carbon (BC) was the dominant LAC aerosol in ship and motor vehicle emissions. Moreover, brown carbon (BrC) was present in biomass-burning emissions. The source-specific mass absorption cross section (MAC) showed that BC from ship emissions had a stronger light-absorbing capacity compared to emissions from biomass burning and motor vehicles. The BrC MAC derived from biomass burning was also smaller than the BC MAC and was highly dependent on wavelength. Furthermore, radiative effect assessment indicated a comparable atmospheric forcing and heating capacity of LAC aerosols between biomass burning and ship emissions. This study provides insights into the optical properties of LAC aerosols from various sources. It also sheds more light on the radiative effects of LAC aerosols generated by ship emissions.

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Sumartini, Sumartini. "EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION UNITS OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN SUPPORTING THE CONTINUATION OF LOGISTIC PATHWAYS IN WEST JAVA." Journal of Architectural Research and Education 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jare.v1i1.16502.

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Risk management is important in supporting all objectives of the West Java Province Motor Vehicle Testing Technical Implementation Unit, namely providing technical safety guarantees for the use of motorized vehicles, trailer trains and postage trains on the road, supporting the realization of environmental sustainability from possible pollution caused by motorized vehicle use. trailer and train carts on the road, and provide public services to the community. Vehicles operated on the road include bus cars, goods cars, articulated cars, train carts, special vehicles and public transportation.The application of risk management can be used in all fields of work and even in various activities, including decision making, operations, processes, functions, projects, products, services and assets (ISO 31000, 2009). In Indonesia transportation has an important role in supporting national development. Indonesia is an archipelagic country where the development of the transportation sector is designed to support the movement of the economy, national stability and also reduce development inequality between regions by expanding the reach of the distribution of goods and services throughout the archipelago. With the existence of transportation, the economy of the community is more evenly distributed so that it is expected that people's welfare will increase, because the community is easier to get the goods and services needed. One of the important facilities in the land transportation sector is motorized vehicles.Keywords: Environmental, Sustainability, Pollution, Transportation

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Pramana, I. Gede Ivan Wahyu, Ida Ayu Putu Widiati, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Penerapan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor terhadap Kendaraan Bernomor Polisi Luar Wilayah Bali." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.2.2432.40-45.

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Seeing the number of vehicles with police numbers outside the area operating in Bali, in the Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Traffic and Public Transportation it is explained that vehicles from outside the Bali area can only be in Bali for 3 consecutive months if they exceed that time. then must do Transfer of Name Duty. This research is formulated to determine the imposition of motor vehicle tax in Bali Province, and to determine the intensification of motor vehicle tax imposition on police numbered vehicles from outside Bali. This research uses empirical law research type. The results of this study indicate that the collection of Motor Vehicle Tax in Bali Province can be carried out by taxpayers by following the procedures for implementing Motor Vehicle Tax collection as contained in the Regional Regulation of the Province of Bali Number 1 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes. Regarding vehicles with police numbers outside the Bali Region, they cannot be taxed because there are no regulations governing these vehicles. This has also led the Bali Provincial Government to plan several efforts for vehicles outside the Bali region that have passed the time to reverse name.

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Al-Rawashdeh, Ayman. "Simulation and analysis of the possibilities of traction electric motor." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i1.pp51-58.

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Great efforts are directed to word the use of electrical vehicles in transportation. Mathematical modeling tools can provide a powerful approach for investigating electrical vehciles and are successfully implemented by applying Matlab/Simulink. In this paper, the mathematical simulation model of Series Excited DC motor (tractive motor) on Matlab/Simulink was implemented and investigated. The main objective of this study is to assess the use of Series Excited DC motor (tractive motor) to be used for the new Amman city express bus project and evaluation of its performance characteristics in different running and loading cases. All simulation results are plotted and discussed. This study confirms the feasibility for the use of series excited DC motor (tractive motor) in electric buses as alternatives for sustaibale and environmentally friendly transportation system.

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Susanto, Joko. "LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE." Jurnal Litbang Sukowati : Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan 4, no. 1 (October 16, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32630/sukowati.v4i1.181.

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This research examines the occurrence of income convergence in the Surakarta Ex-Residency. Data included per capita income, labor productivity, and the number of motor vehicles published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) from 2001-2018. The research model was formed by adding several control variables to form a regression equation where the current year's per capita income was dependent. In contrast, the preceding year's per capita income, labor productivity, and the number of motor vehicles were independent variables. Subsequently, the regression equation was estimated by the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) methods. The results showed a convergence of per capita income among regions. The income in more impoverished regions grew faster compared to wealthier ones. For this reason, the gap in income per capita between regions lessened significantly. Increased labor productivity and the number of motor vehicles had a positive effect on per capita income, supporting income convergence. Therefore, the transportation network needs to be improved by the government to support the mobility of workers and goods, leading to income convergence.

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Hoang, Ngoc-Tan, and Hong-Sen Yan. "On the Innovation Design for Two-Motor Transmissions with Eight-Link Mechanisms in the Electric Vehicles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010140.

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A decade ago, electric vehicles (EV) made a boom in the automobile market, as they started to become a growing market section in the transportation space. The reasons behind the boom were to decrease environmental pollution by reducing the use of fossil fuels, lowering transportation operating costs, and increased general consumer interest in the new technology. This work generates a streamlined process for the design and simulation of motor transmissions with eight-link mechanisms. This procedure presents a wide range of motor transmissions such as 34 new clutchless systems and 34 new clutched systems. Two novel feasible motor transmissions of the design process are taken as a sample to dissect the working principle conjoined both power flow paths and operation modes. In addition, these designs are conducted for modeling and computer simulation procedures that obtain the results of the energy management strategy and operation mode variation.

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Grove, Kevin, Susan Soccolich, Johan Engström, and Richard Hanowski. "Driver visual behavior while using adaptive cruise control on commercial motor vehicles." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 60 (January 2019): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.10.013.

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Petzoldt, Tibor, Katja Schleinitz, and Rainer Banse. "Potential safety effects of a frontal brake light for motor vehicles." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 12, no. 6 (August 1, 2018): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2017.0321.

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Mbadiwe, Enwelum I., and Erwan B. Sulaiman. "Evaluation of Performance of Flux Switching Motor in Segmented Rotor Using Permanent Magnet For Direct Drive." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (November 30, 2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22328.

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The torque action provided by combustion engine in conventional vehicles has been boosted by added electric motor, a device which also provide torque, for fuel economy in hybrid electric vehicle. Meanwhile, the complicated nature of combustion engine still poses economic imperatives as petroleum resources are getting depleted. Interestingly, vehicles propelled by electric motor powered by electricity, will completely eliminate combustion engine using fossil oil and also provide clean and reliable vehicles for personal transportation. Since electric motor is a core component, high torque motors are necessary for direct drive application. This papers presents a feasible 24 stator - 10 rotor segments flux switching motor (FSM) using 1 kg weight of PM. FSM is advance form of synchronous machine with double frequency that locates all active materials on the stator only. Permanent magnet (PM) flux source is chosen because it offers loss free excitation without external circuit connection. The JMAG® Studio tool version 14.1 was employed for 2D- FEA design and performance investigation of motor in terms of cogging torque and average torque. Finally, simulation result of proposed motor successfully achieved 352Nm and constant power of 36kW projecting it as viable candidate for high torque necessary for direct drive application.

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Decy Arwini, Ni Putu. "Dampak Pencemaran Udara Terhadap Kualitas Udara Di Provinsi Bali." Jurnal Ilmiah Vastuwidya 2, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jiv.v2i2.86.

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The development of transportation technology now has made distance become increasingly meaningless, but without realizing there has been a degradation of the environment as a direct impact of the development of transportation technology. Exhaust emissions produced by each vehicle have now become the main source of pollution, which is about 70% of all factors causing pollution. Unconsciously that so far the air quality that is inhaled by the community has slowly decreased so that it is not realized until an adverse impact appears, then the community then realizes that there has been a very complicated problem as a result of transportation that is less environmentally friendly. Most of the fuel for transportation comes from refined petroleum which is a non-renewable natural resource so that on the one hand it has caused air pollution which greatly affects health besides the amount of raw material for fuel production of these vehicles is also running low so prices are set for consumption society also becomes more expensive.The purpose of this research is to find out how much the level of air pollution in Bali Province at several sample points as a result of motor vehicles, to find out the type and amount of hazardous gas content produced by motor vehicles in Bali Province, to determine the impact caused by the exhaust gas of the vehicle on the health of the respiratory tract of residents of the Province of Bali, as well as ways that can be taken to reduce the negative impact resulting from pollution caused by vehicle exhaust emissions.

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Obeidat, Mohammed Said. "Improving Roadway Navigation and Safety of Older Age Drivers." Review of European Studies 10, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n2p150.

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Motor vehicles are the primary mode of transportation worldwide, but drivers must simultaneously utilize various skills and perform multiple tasks at the same time to safely operate the vehicle. As people age, however, physical changes can affect daily life, possibly contributing to declining driving skills. These changes affect vision, hearing, reaction time, and cognitive and motor ability, thus complicating driving. This paper discusses the importance of driving for people of age 65 and older, age-related physical changes, and methods of improving overhead guide sign visibility on roadways. Suggestions to improve navigation and safety on roadways, especially for older people, are presented, including the use of autonomous vehicles fleet.

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McCullough, Gerard J. "Trucking Efficiency Versus Transportation Efficiency: An Economic Evaluation of TRB Special Report 267." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1833, no. 1 (January 2003): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1833-04.

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TRB Special Report 267: Regulation of Weights, Lengths, and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles is critically evaluated. It is an important, congressionally mandated report that contains a series of conclusions and recommendations regarding truck size and weight (TS&W) regulations in the United States. The report concludes that increases in TS&W limits have great potential for increasing freight market efficiency but that safety and other effects are not well understood. To facilitate the liberalization of TS&W limits, the report recommends a revised regulatory regime that would involve federal supervision of state-set limits, with evaluation provided by an independent Commercial Traffic Effects Institute. This evaluation argues that the report focuses too narrowly on trucking efficiency and overlooks transportation efficiency. This narrow analytical perspective significantly limits its usefulness in establishing national transportation policy. Also, there is no analytical basis for the report's most important conclusions and recommendations, either in the report or in earlier TS&W studies evaluated by the Committee for the Study of the Regulation of Weights, Lengths, and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles.

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Asemkhanuly, A., Zh Niyazova, A. Karpov, R. Ustemirova, and A. Kainarbekov. "Adaptive Frame of Universal Vehicle Course." Open Transportation Journal 14, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802014010194.

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Background: Motor vehicles play an important role in the economies of many countries, providing efficient means of transporting goods and people. These vehicles can also have significant impacts on safety, infrastructure and the environment. Methods: The design of the suspension affects the vehicle's performance, in terms of the drive, damage to infrastructure, the working space of the suspension, power, and stability against overturning, stability against yaw, braking, and traction. Results: The article considers the types and methods of application of adaptive suspensions of modern vehicles, justifies the feasibility of their use for various vehicles, such as modern cars, tractors, etc., which allows the usage of these vehicles for traffic in different road conditions - mountainous terrains with a slope of more than 35o, steppe off-road conditions with frontal obstacles up to half the length of the wheel radius. Conclusion: The existing control schemes and prospects for their further development can be improved and intelligent transport systems could be introduced.

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Белова, Татьяна, Tat'yana Belova, Владимир Растягаев, Bladimir Rastyagaev, Сергей Сухов, Sergey Suhov, Юрий Баранов, Yuri Baranov, Елена Старченко, and Elena Starchenko. "FACTORS OF THE RISK REDUCTION OF COLLISION OF MOTOR VEHICLES MACHINES AND INJURY OF DRIVERS." Forestry Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ab0dfc610c0e3.68232763.

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Increasing the safety of drivers of motor vehicles (MV) used in rural and forestry is an urgent task due to the high level of injuries. Analysis of injury statistics of drivers of motor vehicles and conducted studies has revealed that these ma-chines are sources of increased danger in the performance of transport operations. For the functioning of a device that re-duces traumatism and increases the safety of MV drivers in carrying out transportation of agricultural products and removal of timber, it is necessary to know the magnitude of MV braking distance in real traffic conditions, which is determined theoretically. The imperfection of the methods for determining the real stopping distance of modern VMs used in forestry and agriculture is due to the fact that they do not take into account a number of operational and constructive factors. When determining the length of the braking distance according to the existing analytical dependencies, the error can be from 25% to 35%. Reducing the risk of collision of VM during transportation of agricultural products and performing logging operations is proposed to be provided by improving the method of determining the braking distance, taking into account the actual operating conditions. The results and conclusions made in this article can be useful for improving safety of agricultural and forestry vehicles on the roads

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Cao, J. J., C. S. Zhu, X. X. Tie, F. H. Geng, H. M. Xu, S. S. H. Ho, G. H. Wang, Y. M. Han, and K. F. Ho. "Characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols from Shanghai, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 7 (July 6, 2012): 16811–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-16811-2012.

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Abstract. An intensive investigation of carbonaceous PM2.5 and TSP from Pudong (China) was conducted as part of the MIRAGE-Shanghai Experiment in 2009. Data for organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), organic species, including C17 to C40 n-alkanes and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and stable C isotopes OC (δ13COC) and EC (δ13CEC) were used to evaluate the aerosols' temporal variations and identify presumptive sources. High OC/EC ratios indicated a large fraction of secondary organic aerosol (SOA); high char/soot ratios indicated stronger contributions to EC from motor vehicles and coal combustion than biomass burning. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs indicated that much of the SOA was produced via coal combustion. Isotope abundances (δ13COC = −24.5 &pm; 0.8‰ and δ13CEC = −25.1 &pm; 0.6‰) indicated that fossil fuels were the most important source for carbonaceous PM2.5, with lesser impacts from biomass burning and natural sources. An EC tracer system and isotope mass balance calculations showed that the relative contributions to total carbon from coal combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, and SOA were 41%, 21%, and 31%: other primary sources such as marine, soil and biogenic emissions contributed 7%. Combined analyses of OC and EC, n-alkanes and PAHs, and stable carbon isotopes provide a new way to apportion the sources of carbonaceous particles.

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Cao, J. J., C. S. Zhu, X. X. Tie, F. H. Geng, H. M. Xu, S. S. H. Ho, G. H. Wang, Y. M. Han, and K. F. Ho. "Characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols from Shanghai, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 2 (January 22, 2013): 803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-803-2013.

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Abstract. An intensive investigation of carbonaceous PM2.5 and TSP (total suspended particles) from Pudong (China) was conducted as part of the MIRAGE-Shanghai (Megacities Impact on Regional and Global Environment) experiment in 2009. Data for organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), organic species, including C17 to C40 n-alkanes and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and stable carbon isotopes OC (δ13COC) and EC (δ13CEC) were used to evaluate the aerosols' temporal variations and identify presumptive sources. High OC/EC ratios indicated a large fraction of secondary organic aerosol (SOA); high char/soot ratios indicated stronger contributions to EC from motor vehicles and coal combustion than biomass burning. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs indicated that much of the SOA was produced via coal combustion. Isotope abundances (δ13COC = −24.5 ± 0.8‰ and δ13CEC = −25.1 ± 0.6‰) indicated that fossil fuels were the most important source for carbonaceous PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter), with lesser impacts from biomass burning and natural sources. An EC tracer system and isotope mass balance calculations showed that the relative contributions to total carbon from coal combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, and SOA were 41%, 21%, and 31%; other primary sources such as marine, soil and biogenic emissions contributed 7%. Combined analyses of OC and EC, n-alkanes and PAHs, and stable carbon isotopes provide a new way to apportion the sources of carbonaceous particles.

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Schepers, Paul, Henk Stipdonk, Rob Methorst, and Jake Olivier. "Bicycle fatalities: Trends in crashes with and without motor vehicles in The Netherlands." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 46 (April 2017): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2016.05.007.

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Anand, Rao, Nihal Vishnu Vantagodi, Kartik A. Shanbhag, and M. Mahesh. "Automated Guided Vehicles by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor: Future of In-house Logistics." Power Electronics and Drives 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2019-0006.

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AbstractMaterial handling and logistics management that involve transportation of work pieces on production floor are important aspects to manufacturing that affect productivity and efficiency. Tow vehicles that are manually driven are currently used for this purpose. These processes can be better performed through automation. Automated guided vehicle (AGV) is an apt solution. AGVs are unmanned autonomous vehicles that can be programmed to perform versatile tasks. AGVs available in market are imported and hence have high capital cost and increased lead time for spare parts. Proposed AGV is built with a capital cost that is less than half of the existing AGVs. Its design is made indigenously, with most of its parts locally sourced. It can achieve a speed of 0.83 m/s, with a pulling capacity of 1,300 kg. Its rechargeable batteries sustain four hours of continuous operation for one complete discharge. It has been tested and found to effectively replace tow vehicles.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Motor vehicles Transportation Aerosols'

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