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Journal articles on the topic 'Motorcycle engines'
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1
Triyono and Sutrisno Himawan Hadi. "Repair of The Bracket and Clutch Mechanism On Centrifugal Pump For Firefighter Motorcycle." MATEC Web of Conferences 218 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821804009.
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An addition of centrifugal pump on the engine of automatic motorcycles is expected to become one of the solutions for fire incidents in densely populated areas in big cities. Many cases of fire-related incidents have not been handled properly due to limitations of access for fire engines such as narrow alleys. The effectiveness of the centrifugal pump for firefighter motorcycles is determined by the optimum function of the pump performance according to the desired specification. The repair of the brackets and the clutch mechanism for the pump in the engine of automatic motorcycles may assist to the full effectiveness of the pump. The repair is based on the stability of the number of cycle on the centrifugal pump during the cycle of the motorcycle engine without any load. There is no disruption to the motorcycle cruise control or an increase of load due to the addition of centrifugal pump in the motorcycle’s engine. By using the magnetic clutch which uses the electrical energy in the connection and disconnection of the joint, this model will be useful since it does not disrupt the motorcycle cruise performance and does not add an extra load to the motorcycle torso.
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Hsieh, Long Chang, and Hsiu Chen Tang. "The Kinematic Design of Three-Speed Automatic Transmission for Electric Motorcycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.979.
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Motorcycle is invented so far more than 100 years. Because of having the advantages of light weight, cheap and fast-moving, motorcycle becomes the most popular traffic vehicle. Traditionally, the power systems of motorcycles are internal combustion engines. Recently, due to the reason of energy-saving, and carbon reduction, the engine in motorcycle is substituted by electric motor. Hence, due to the reason of pollution-free, electric motorcycle become more and more popular in city traffic. Planetary gear trains can be used as the transmission systems for electric motorcycles. The purpose of this work is to do the kinematic design of three-speed planetary gear type automatic transmissions for electric motorcycles. First, according to the train value equation of planetary gear train, The reduction ratio equations of planetary gear type automatic transmissions can be derived. Then , based on these reduction ratio equations, the kinematic design of three-speed planetary gear type automatic transmission is accomplished. Based on the proposed methodology, all three-speed planetary gear type automatic transmissions can be synthesized.
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Djami, Jolis Joskar Anderias, and Melianus Toineno. "PKM Bengkel Motor Rumahan." Jurnal ABDINUS : Jurnal Pengabdian Nusantara 3, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/ja.v3i1.13551.
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This partnership or community service activity was implemented in "Bengkel Motor Nager" with the aim of assisting and realizing the knowledge and skills related to the construction of motorcycle engines, the working principle of motor machines, engine Fittings, electrical motorcycles, Unloading and tuning of machines, and on the motorcycle engines, which are specific focused on fuel measurements and compression ratios on the engine and camshaft; and the fulfillment of repair equipment to support the profession and business partners. The implementation method applied is to perform the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the partner; contact and elicit mechanical experts; Schedule of Trainings agreed together between the proposal, partners and trainers, the implementation of training, namely the introduction of theories and practices; procurement of repair equipment for partners. The results that have been achieved are the partners have the knowledge and skills needed by the partner, specifically everything related to motor machines and partners also have the repair equipment that supports the profession and business partners for the term long.
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Jamil, Mohd Khairuladha, Mohd Ezwani Kadir, Mohamad Zikri Zainol, Abu Hanifah Abdullah, and Abu Zaid Bakar. "Preliminary Development of Electric Motorcycle Engine for Sport Aviation Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.250.
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Flying activities of sport aviation vehicles normally use Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) for their powerplant, which emits Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and also produces noise. Environmental issues regarding harmful gas emission and noise may restrict the sport aviation activities and resulting in reduction of interest in flying as a sport activity. The feasible solution for this issue is by replacing the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) with Electric Engines on all sport flying vehicles. The Modenas CTric Electric Engines was tested to measure the parameters required by comparable Internal Combustion Engine used by sport aviation flyers. Other parameters; engine endurance, temperature and performance, were also tested. The bench test was conducted using specially design test rig. The results show that there is a possibility for the Modenas CTric Motorcycles Electric Engine used as an alternate source of powerplant for paramotors and microlight aircraft. However, there is penalty on the vehicle payloads due to weight of the battery. Lighter battery technology integration is to be developed to reduce the weight of the flight vehicles. This study serves as a platform for further work in electric engine technology for commercial aircraft application. Availability of green engine (no emission and noise output) will generate more interest in sport aviation activities and prepare for the future commercial Electric Engine aircraft application.
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Bilek, Andreas. "Motorcycle and Car Racing Engines." ATZautotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 2008): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03247043.
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Banis, Kārlis. "The Effect of separated Expansion Chamber Parameters on Exhaust Pressure Oscillations in Single Cylinder Motorcycle Engine." Rural Sustainability Research 43, no. 338 (August 1, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2020-0006.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of separated exhaust expansion chamber parameters on pressure oscillations in spark-ignited internal combustion (IC) gasoline engines. It is known that exhaust expansion chambers are becoming increasingly more popular among both – original equipment (OE) and aftermarket equipment (AE) exhaust system manufacturers for performance-oriented motorcycles equipped with mainly single cylinder engines, but the companies are reluctant to reveal any detailed principles of operation of the mentioned expansion chambers. The subject of this research is the type of expansion chamber (separate) as used on performance-oriented motorcycles, particularly its’ effect on exhaust pressure pulsations as different chamber volumes, locations and passage sizes are tested. Time-dependent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out in Solidworks Flow Simulation environment on a simplified exhaust header pipe model imitating engine operation at full load and steady speed. Honda CRF450R motorcycle engine was used as the example and fully defined using a 1D engine performance calculator software to determine the combustion chamber pressure and exhaust valve lift at any given crankshaft position. Volume flow rate of exhaust gasses at the header pipe inlet was calculated based on engine parameters and operating speed. The average pressure values with respect to physical time were measured and graphed across the header pipe inlet cross-section. Eight different header pipe and exhaust expansion chamber combinations were modelled, tested, and results compared at low, medium and high engine speeds. It was found that the presence of exhaust expansion chamber tends to dampen the amplitude and decrease the frequency of pressure oscillations generated at the opening of the exhaust valve(s). Observations show that the addition of an expansion chamber as per design of performance-oriented motorcycles helps to decrease the negative effect of engine tuning while also dampening the positive effect.
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Doytchev, Boyan. "IMPACT OF AUTOMOTIVE AND MOTORCYCLE SPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.141.
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Automotive and motorcycle sports are motor sports in which various vehicles (serial and modified cars, motorcycles, buggies, jeeps, trucks, prototypes, etc.) compete with engines of different types (electric motors, hybrid and mostly thermal internal combustion engines - piston and partly rotary). Interest in the discuss sport are progressively increases in the years from people of different age groups. The article comments on environmental issues related to these sports and environmental recommendations for their application. The combined efforts of various institutions are needed to increase the popularity and awareness of sport that can be realized under optimal environmental conditions and does not impair its environmental sustainability. This requires an actual environmental policy and education aimed at future development in this direction.
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Wu, Chao, Mai Dun Shao, and Dong Bin Ai. "Design of EFL Control System for 950 Motorcycle Based on MCU." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2998–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2998.
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With requirements to air quality for human’s living, energy conservation and emission reduction, motorcycle emission in our country is in strict accordance with Euro III standard, while use of EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) control system is one of the main measures to achieve the emission requirements. In this paper, 51-series MCU is applied as the core control unit for EFI control system of 950 (ml) large displacement motorcycles, which improves the dynamics and fuel economy of 950 (ml) gasoline engines. Hardware and software designs are proposed. Hardware design covers input signal processing circuit and driver circuit for EFL and software design analyzes the software control strategy in four aspects: engine work modes, fuel injection, ignition and idle speed control. The design in this paper has advantages of low cost and optimal control system performance. It not only fulfills the requirement of energy conservation and emission reduction, but also improves the performance of control system. Simulations carried out are presented to demonstrate that air-fuel ratio is controlled around ideal value, which is of great significance to large displacement motorcycle industry.
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Abagnale, Carmelina, Mariano Migliaccio, and Ottavio Pennacchia. "New mechanical variable valve actuation systems for motorcycle engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 4 (June 9, 2014): 716–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214538952.
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This paper summarizes the results of the design of new mechanical variable valve actuation systems, developed for high-performance motorcycle engines, at University of Napoli Federico II, Department of Industrial Engineering – Section Mechanics and Energy. After a synthetic recapitulation of the main variable valve-actuation methods and of the main beneficial effects on performance, emissions, and consumptions of the modern automotive engines on which they are currently employed, the paper presents the results of our mechanical variable valve actuation systems, born to be applied on a MotoMorini engine, as required by the company. The paper starts with the description of a first study concerning a very simple system, used just to set up a model to be used for further and more complex activities. The study has been conducted implementing a numerical procedure specifically designed to determine cam profile and kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the whole system, starting from some input data (as described later). The model has been validated against the conventional timing system using kinematic simulations. The work has evolved through three main steps leading to three types of variable valve actuation systems, all mechanical systems (as defined in literature and described later). Results of the numerical procedure verify the validity of the variable valve actuation systems, and particularly, the last one shows a complete performance in terms of lift, duration, and timing variation of valve-lift law. This paper reports results reachable with these simple systems that give good perspectives of use for a new two-wheel vehicle engine.
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Jang, Jiin Yuh, Jia Yan Wu, and Shang Hua Tsai. "3-D Quasi-Steady State Heat Transfer Analysis for an Air-Cooled Motorcycle Engine." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1322.
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This study presents heat transfer rate and temperature distributions for the prediction of each component in an air-cooled motorcycle engines. The 3-D finite element method was used to solve the temperature field and heat transfer rate for each component (intake valves, exhaust valves, piston, piston rings, cylinder head and cylinder) of motorcycle engine when the piston is in TDC and BDC. The results shows that the fractions of heat transfer rate for each component are as follows: intake valves 11％, exhaust valves 8％, cylinder head 21％, the piston 35％ and the cylinder 25％. And the temperature measurement value is in good agreement with experimental data within 20%.
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Boretti, Albert. "Design of Direct Injection Jet Ignition High Performance Naturally Aspirated Motorcycle Engines." Designs 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs3010011.
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Thanks to the adoption of high pressure, direct injection and jet ignition, plus electrically assisted turbo-compounding, the fuel conversion efficiency of Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) F1 engines has been spectacularly improved up to values above 46% peak power, and 50% peak efficiency, by running lean of stoichiometry stratified in a high boost, high compression ratio environment. Opposite, Federation Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) Moto-GP engines are still naturally aspirated, port injected, spark ignited, working with homogeneous mixtures. This old fashioned but highly optimized design is responsible for relatively low fuel conversion efficiencies, and yet delivers an outstanding specific power density of 200 kW/liter. The potential to improve the fuel conversion efficiency of Moto-GP engines through the adoption of direct injection and jet ignition, prevented by the current rules, is herein discussed based on simulations. As two-stroke engines may benefit from direct injection and jet ignition more than four-stroke engines, the opportunity of a return of two-stroke engines is also argued, similarly based on simulations. About the same power, but at a better fuel efficiency, of today’s 1000 cm3 four stroke engines, may be obtained with lean stratified direct injection jet ignition engines, four-stroke of 1450 cm3, or two-stroke of 1050 cm3. About the same power and fuel efficiency may also be delivered with stoichiometric engines direct injection jet ignition two-stroke of 750 cm3.
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Wu, Chiu Chin, Yii Wen Hwang, and Shu Hong Lin. "Dynamic Analysis and Simulation of Virtual Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3770.
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The purpose of this study was to establish a complete dynamic analysis method for motorcycle engines to serve as course material for study of machine dynamics. Virtual engine software was also developed for users to understand how engine performance is influenced by parameters such as engine accelerator, engine weight, and flywheel. First we applied the vector-loop approach to deduce the kinematic analysis of engine mechanism. We then applied Newton’s method to analyze the bearing force and friction of each link. Next, we used a power equation to deduce the equation of motion of the system, and used the Runge-Kutta method to perform normal dynamic analysis. Finally, by combining computer programs with the Open Graphics Library (OpenGL), we developed virtual engine software for users to observe motion and performance of engine. The results of this study provide engineers a computer-aided design program for automatic generation of all optimal pipes. It is beneficial to pipe design ability.
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Wu, Yuh-Yih, James H. Wang, and Faizan Mushtaq Mir. "Improving the Thermal Efficiency of the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine by Using Various Combustion Patterns." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113002.
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The efficiency of an internal combustion engine (ICE) is essential for automobiles and motorcycles. Several studies have demonstrated that the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising technology for realizing engines with high efficiency and low emissions. This study investigated the combustion characteristics of the HCCI using a 125 cc motorcycle engine with n-heptane fuel. The engine performance, combustion characteristics, and thermal efficiency were analyzed from experimental data. The results revealed that a leaner air–fuel mixture led to higher engine efficiency and output. The improvement of engine output is contradictory to the general trend. Energy balance analysis revealed that lower heat loss, due to the low cylinder gas temperature of lean combustion, contributed to higher efficiency. A double-Wiebe function provided excellent simulation of the mass fraction burned (MFB) of the HCCI. Air cycle simulation with the MFB, provided by the double-Wiebe function, was executed to investigate this phenomenon. The results indicated that a better combustion pattern led to higher thermal efficiency, and thus the engine output and thermal efficiency do not require a fast combustion rate in an HCCI engine. A better combustion pattern can be achieved by adjusting air–fuel ratio (AFR) and the rates of dual fuel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
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Sabadka, Dušan, and Peter Trebuňa. "Innovation of Scavenging System to Increase Volumetric Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 611 (August 2014): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.611.536.
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This contribution is focused on the analyze the possibilities of increasing the power of two-stroke internal combustion engine and their consequential execution in the practice. Currently dealing with these issues major manufacturers of motorcycle international brands, but also service technicians of professional riders, as well as regular users of motorcycles. The basic objective of this paper is the issue of increasing power output for single-trace motor vehicles, and objective of the experiment was to increase performance through volumetric efficiency, i.e. increase indicated mean effective pressure. The results of the experiment were tested on the specific equipments and in practice. In conclusion paper presents the benefits and results of the experiment. By means of measurements on the performance brake, in the final stage of paper is tested by how much increased power output of the engine after modification, compared to the production engine.
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Kovacs, Laszlo, and Szilard Szabo. "Comparative study on the improvement of the gas exchange process efficiency of a high speed IC engine using swinging valve." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 13, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2019.2.28-37.
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Using poppet valves to control the air-fuel mixture entering and leaving the combustion chamber of an engine is just one among many other more flow efficient alternative solution. The geometry of the poppet valve and its valve seat are the main causes of the flow restriction in the internal combustion engines. The engine downsizing concept dictates to obtain more power from a given engine volume, therefore proportionally more air should be drawn into the cylinders to burn more fuel. These criteria best fulfilled with a new Swinging Valve (SwV) solution that enables the unhindered flow of air and exhaust gas through an engine’s cylinder. The filling of a cylinder is improved while the pumping losses are decreased. In this experiment, a Super Flow SF600 flow bench was used to examine a Suzuki SV650 motorcycle engine’s normal poppet valve cylinder head and a Swinging Valve cylinder head was constructed as well. First the flow parameters of the original cylinder head were obtained then the Swinging Valve head was investigated in the same way. The outcomes of the tests show the superiority of the new concept. The results will also be the base of further 0D/1D engine simulations.
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Bzinkowski, Damian. "Supercharging possibilities for motorcycle Suzuki GSX-R 750 k5." Mechanik 94, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2021.2.4.
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In the paper, possibility for the power increase of motorcycle Suzuki GSX-R 750 is proposed. The turbocompressor available in the market was selected, and its characteristics were checked. Calculations proved that theoretical improvement of 33 kW, which is ca. 29%, was possible, which meant the ratio power to mass could be increased up to 1.1 kW/kg. This way, the discussed motorcycle achievable power could be similar to the ones with engines of stroke capacity 1000 cm3.
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Wu, Yuh Yih, Bo Chiuan Chen, Jen Jyh Hwang, and Chung Ying Chen. "Performance and emissions of motorcycle engines using water-fuel emulsions." International Journal of Vehicle Design 49, no. 1/2/3 (2009): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2009.024242.
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Cruccolini, V., G. Discepoli, J. Zembi, M. Battistoni, F. Mariani, and C. N. Grimaldi. "Experimental Assessment of a Pressure Wave Charger for Motorcycle Engines." Energy Procedia 148 (August 2018): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.002.
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Osipkov, Alexey, Roman Poshekhonov, Georgy Arutyunyan, Andrey Basov, and Roman Safonov. "Modeling of Thermoelectric Generator Power Characteristics for Motorcycle-Type Engines." Journal of Electronic Materials 46, no. 10 (June 26, 2017): 6195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5652-0.
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Hermawan, Hellik, Retno Waluyo, and Muhammad Ichsan. "Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Mesin Menggunakan Teknologi Augmented Reality." Journal of Innovation Information Technology and Application (JINITA) 1, no. 01 (December 26, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/jinita.v1i01.88.
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Learning media are all things that can be used to channel messages and stimulate the learning process for students. Learning machine of two-wheeled vehicles in SMK YPT 2 Purbalingga is still using Ms. Powerpoint as a learning medium. In one of the subjects that discussed the partitioning machine parts, how to work a motorcycle engine and troubleshooting the machine parts as well as how to repair or replace spare parts, students felt the use of Ms. media. Powerpoint is less interesting and difficult to understand the material. Educators also see students tend to get bored easily when learning so that they need other alternatives as a learning medium. For that reason, the writer applies a markerless augmented reality technology as a medium for learning two-wheeled vehicles to help as well as learning media for students, the method used is MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle). This research produces an augmented reality application that helps visualize motorcycle engines in the form of 3D models for vocational students.
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Chen, Kun-Ho, and Yei-Chin Chao. "Characterization of Performance of Short Stroke Engines with Valve Timing for Blended Bioethanol Internal Combustion." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040759.
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The present study provides a feasible strategy for minimizing automotive CO2 emissions by coupling the principle of the Atkinson cycle with the use of bioethanol fuel. Motor cycles and scooters have a stroke to bore ratio of less than unity, which allows higher speeds. The expansion to compression ratio (ECR) of these engines can be altered by tuning the opening time of the intake and exhaust valves. The effect of ECR on fuel consumption and the feasibility of ethanol fuels are still not clear, especially for short stroke engines. Hence, in this study, the valve timing of a short stroke engine was tuned in order to explore potential bioethanol applications. The effect of valve timing on engine performance was theoretically and experimentally investigated. In addition, the application of ethanol/gasoline blended fuels, E3, E20, E50, and E85, were examined. The results show that consumption, as well as engine performance of short stroke motorcycle engines, can be improved by correctly setting the valve controls. In addition, ethanol/gasoline blended fuel can be used up to a composition of 20% without engine modification. The ignition time needs to be adjusted in fuel with higher compositions of blended ethanol. The fuel economy of a short stroke engine cannot be sharply improved using an Atkinson cycle, but CO2 emissions can be reduced using ethanol/gasoline blended fuel. The present study demonstrates the effect of ECR on the performance of short stroke engines, and explores the feasibility of applying ethanol/gasoline blended fuel to it.
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Luparenko, Hryhorii. "Motorcycle MT10-36 as a landmark of science and technology." History of science and technology 10, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2020-10-2-250-265.
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Based on the source and comparative analysis of the history of creation, design, and production of the Kyiv Motorcycle Works’ motorcycles, the value of the MT10-36 motorcycle as the landmark of science and technology has been determined. It has been shown that the development of a new engine and MT10-36 motorcycle was, first of all, the initiative of the plant’s engineers. Ovcharenko M. completed the development of a 650 cubic capacity boxer engine. The design of new units and a vehicle outpaced the technological capabilities of the plant. This led to a delay in introducing new technology into production. The involvement of the Foundry Department of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute under the leadership of K. Vashchenko made it possible to improve the production technology of the motorcycle engine. The reliability of the engine has increased. The design of the engine of the Kyiv Motorcycle Works was in line with the tendencies of the world motorcycle industry. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the MT10-36 motorcycle design and the Ural motorcycle of the Irbit plant (Russian Federation), the strengths and weaknesses of the vehicle design have been determined. Selected episodes of sales of the Kyiv Motorcycle Plant’s motorcycles within the country and abroad have been highlighted. It has been highlighted that the motorcycle was operated in conditions that did not reveal its speed and transport capabilities. The motorcycle’s design outpaced the pace of development of transport infrastructure (highways). The basic principles of museification of motor vehicles have been considered. It has been noted that one of the valuable qualities of the landmark of technology is the reflection of the peculiarities of the use of the object and its change after leaving the plants’ shop. Some aspects of the principles of technique restoration as a material historical source with the optimal preservation of the landmark and the information reflected in it have been considered. It has been concluded that the MT10-36 motorcycle meets the criteria of the landmark of science and technology in the broad sense of this concept. The motorcycle embodies the original technical solutions of native engineers, reflects the level of development of domestic technology and illustrates the practice of operating motorcycle technology.
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Kampanis, N., C. Arcoumanis, S. Kometani, R. Kato, and H. Kinoshita. "Flow and Mixture Distribution in a High-Speed Five-Valve Direct Injected Gasoline Engine." International Journal of Engine Research 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30639.
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The in-cylinder flow, spray dynamics, air-spray interaction, and fuel vapour distribution have been characterized in a motorcycle five-valve gasoline engine in terms of their effect on performance and emissions. A five-valve single-cylinder optical engine was employed which operated at speeds up to 3000 r/min in the close spacing configuration, with an early induction injection strategy using a centrally mounted swirl pressure atomizer. Particle image velocimetry, spray imaging in a spray chamber and in the engine, and planar laser-induced fluorescence revealed the importance of a strong and ordered in-cylinder flow for the efficient distribution of the liquid fuel throughout the cylinder volume and its complete evaporation prior to combustion, especially in the relatively low speed regime investigated. Furthermore, in the absence of a large-scale vortex structure during compression, incomplete mixing may still occur, resulting in mixture inhomogeneities and flow instability. Consequently, in contrast to port fuel injected engines, where good mixing could be achieved at high revolution rates, even with an unstructured flow, in direct injection engines an ordered flow structure is a prerequisite for efficient combustion and low exhaust emissions.
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Ngo, Ha Thanh, Tai Tan Phan, Minh Tan Tang, and Banh Thanh Huynh. "RESEARCHING OF INTEGRATED HYBRID POWERTRAIN FOR MOTORCYCLES WITH ELECTRIC MOTOR AT THE REAR WHEEL." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 31 (September 1, 2018): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.31.2018.7.
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Today, motorcycle is a popular means of transportation in Vietnam, because of its flexibility and suitability for the transportation infrastructure of the country. However, it also significantly contributes to the cause of air pollution. Therefore The installation of electric motor on motorcycle to reduce environmental pollution is a practical and economical solution. This paper presents the design of the hybrid powertrain and the operation control system between the two sources of power from traditional engines and DC motors on Honda Wave 110cc. Following that, the paper experiments, analyze and evaluate this developed hybrid system, and to propose solutions to improvement in the efficiency of the hybrid transmission system on motocycle.
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Severa, Libor, Miroslav Havlíček, and Vojtěch Kumbár. "Temperature dependent kinematic viscosity of different types of engine oils." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 4 (2009): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957040095.
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The objective of this study is to measure how the viscosity of engine oil changes with temperature. Six different commercially distributed engine oils (primarily intended for motorcycle engines) of 10W–40 viscosity grade have been evaluated. Four of the oils were of synthetic type, two of semi–synthetic type. All oils have been assumed to be Newtonian fluids, thus flow curves have not been determined. Oils have been cooled to below zero temperatures and under controlled temperature regulation, kinematic viscosity (mm2 / s) have been measured in the range of −5 °C and +115 °C. Anton Paar digital viscometer with concentric cylinders geometry has been used. In accordance with expected behavior, kinematic viscosity of all oils was decreasing with increasing temperature. Viscosity was found to be independent on oil’s density. Temperature dependence has been modeled using several mathematical models – Vogel equation, Arrhenius equation, polynomial, and Gaussian equation. The best match between experimental and computed data has been achieved for Gaussian equation (R2 = 0.9993). Knowledge of viscosity behavior of an engine oil as a function of its temperature is of great importance, especially when considering running efficiency and performance of combustion engines. Proposed models can be used for description and prediction of rheological behavior of engine oils.
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SPINACHE, Edward, Adrian TRANDAFIR, Mihai DIACONU, Gustavo OZUNA, Marek WOZNIAK, Przemyslaw KUBIAK, and Krzysztof SICZEK. "The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles content in engine oil on tribological properties of valvetrain chain transmission components." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-401.
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The drive from the crankshaft to the camshaft in an internal combustion engine is usually carried out by means of a cogged belt transmission or a chain transmission when high millage is required without service operations. The valvetrains in CI engines sometimes use the gear transmissions, and the historical rather bevel gear can be found in old cars of collectors or in some motorcycle engines. The chain gear used in SI engines has a two- or three-row chain with high strength, due the unevenness of loads that additionally induce chain pulling and valve timing deregulation. The chain transmission requires the use of pre-tensioners, usually self-acting and driven by springs or oil pressure. The vibrations and chain runout are limited using plastic guides placed on the outside of the long straight sections of the chain. The model of the chain transmission developed with the use of the Finite Elements Method, which operates under oil lubrication conditions, was analyzed. Such the model allowed obtaining weight and mass inertial moments of components. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of SiO2 nanoparticles content in engine oil on the friction between chain transmission components. The resulted values of the friction torque in the chain transmission operating in different conditions of lubrication have been presented in the paper.
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Abakarov, A. A., Sh M. Igitov, and Ali A. Abakarov. "Determination of engine oil change interval for patrol engines based on actual operating time." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-3-274-285.
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Introduction. This paper shows the results of a study of the frequency of maintenance of passenger cars in various operating conditions, and provides recommendations for replacing the engine oil of gasoline engines (category SN classification according to API) according to the actual engine operating time (moto-hours). The service book of passenger cars contains the regulations for car maintenance with a list of operations that must be performed. The oil change intervals specified in the Regulations on Maintenance and Repair of Rolling Stock of motor Transport and the factory instructions do not take into account the specifics of the operation of vehicles. Depending on the road and climatic conditions and the operating mode, the standard maintenance schedule can be adjusted, in particular, the frequency of engine oil changes. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the intervals of car maintenance for specific operating conditions.Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of Russian and foreign car maintenance systems, in particular, the oil change intervals of gasoline engines in European countries, the United States and Japan.The results of operational and resource tests of motor oils of gasoline engines carried out by methods of measuring their physical and chemical properties are presented.Results. In this paper, based on the analysis of the problem, recommendations for changing oil in gasoline engines by motorcycle hours for the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan (RD) are developed.The use of external and built-in technical means for calculating the motor hours allows you to determine the recommended oil change interval.Discussion and conclusion. In this paper, on the basis of research on a certain number of vehicles operating in various (including difficult) conditions, recommendations are developed that allow you to determine the rules of car maintenance for various operating conditions.
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Katijan, A., and A. H. Kamardin. "The Effect of Compression Ratio by Different Piston Head Shape on the Performance of Motorcycle Engine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 6906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.3.2019.06.0518.
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The compression ratio has a significant impact on engine power, fuel economy, emission, and other performances of internal combustion engines. Basic engine theory states that a higher compression ratio produces higher torque and horsepower. One way of having different compression ratio is by changing piston head shape. A piston is a cylindrical engine component that slides back and forth in the cylinder bore via forces produced during the combustion process. The piston acts as a movable end of the combustion chamber transmitting power generated from the burning of fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber. The objective of this study is to compare the engine performance in horsepower and torque produced by the different shapes of the piston head in an internal combustion engine. Three pistons with different head shapes - standard, mug (low compression) and dome (high compression) with a compression ratio of 8.8:1, 7.61:1 and 10.06:1 were selected for the study. An experiment was also performed to a standard piston installed with 1.5 mm gasket, which has a compression ratio of 7.31. The experiments were carried out using a standard internal combustion engine of a Honda EX5 motorcycle. The engine runs on a chassis dynamometer to measure its torque and horsepower. Piston performance was evaluated based on the maximum available torque and horsepower. The result shows that all three pistons produce different torque and horsepower. The domed piston head produces higher torque and horsepower followed by the standard and mug. By just changing the piston head shape, torque and horsepower increased up to 7.14% and 20.05% respectively.
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Raja, A. Samuel, and A. Valan Arasu. "Exhaust gas treatment for reducing cold start emissions of a motorcycle engine fuelled with gasoline-ethanol blends." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i2a2199.
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In countries like India, transportation by a two wheeled motorcycle is very common owing to affordable cost, easy handling and traffic congestion. Most of these bikes use single cylinder air cooled four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engines of displacement volume ranging from 100 cm3 to 250 cm3. CO and HC emissions from such engines when started after a minimum stop-time of 12 hours or more (cold-start emissions) are higher than warmed-up emissions. In the present study, a 150 cm3 single cylinder air cooled SI engine was tested for cold start emissions and exhaust gas temperature. Different gasoline-ethanol blends (E0 to E20) were used as fuel expecting better oxidation of HC and CO emissions with additional oxygen present in ethanol. The effect of glow plug assisted exhaust gas ignition (EGI) and use of catalytic converter on cold start emissions were studied separately using the same blends. Results show that with gasoline-ethanol blends, cold start CO and HC emissions were less than that with neat gasoline. And at an ambient temperature of 30±1°C, highest emission reductions were observed with E10. EGI without a catalytic converter had no significant effect on emissions except increasing the exhaust gas temperature. The catalytic converter was found to be active only after 120 seconds in converting cold start CO, HC and NOx. Use of a catalytic converter proves to be a better option than EGI in controlling cold start emissions with neat gasoline or gasoline-ethanol blends.
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Niino, T. "Development of simulation technology for dynamic behavior of crankshaft systems in motorcycle engines." JSAE Review 23, no. 1 (January 2002): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(01)00155-2.
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Putra, Oka Sandrio, and M. Nasir. "Variations in the Use of Racing Coil and Iridium Spark Plugs in Gasoline Engines, A Comparative Study." MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v1i1.11.
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The increasing number of vehicles has resulted in an increase in air pollution. Innovations were made to improve engine performance and reduce levels of exhaust emissions. This research was conducted on several types of racing coil and iridium spark plugs which will be examined for their ability to reduce levels of exhaust emissions. Several types of racing coil and spark plug racing (iridium) are mounted on a gasoline motor and then tested and compared the exhaust emissions. The gasoline engine used is the Honda Supra X 125 motorcycle, the results of the study indicate the Blue Thunder coil and NGK Iridium are able to improve engine performance and reduce levels of exhaust emissions.
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Nichols Busch, Tracy. "“Comrades, Start Your Engines!”: Mobility, Legitimacy, and Roads to Socialism in the Soviet Interwar Period." Canadian–American Slavic Studies 47, no. 2 (2013): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04702005.
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This article discusses how the early Soviet government domesticated what is arguably the twentieth century’s most hegemonic technology, the automobile. It uses official reports, popular literature, and cartoons to investigate the complex, changing and contradictory relationship between mobility and authority during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It reveals that automobile and motorcycle rallies, many of which were sponsored by the Avtodor Society, served to project official power into the countryside. It opens a discussion of the long term implications, especially in rural areas, of early Soviet transportation policies and practices. Ultimately, the article argues that using mobility as a category of historical analysis adds a new and vital dimension to our understanding of Russian history.
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Thilmany, Jean. "The More You See." Mechanical Engineering 138, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-oct-2.
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This study discusses about the future of augmented reality (AR) and its capability to transform engineering design. AR lets designers visualize parts such as the motorcycle cladding, fuel-tank cover, and seal. AR’s possibilities have spurred major engineering software companies such as Bentley Systems, Siemens PLM, and Autodesk, and even the software behemoth Microsoft, to invest in AR for engineering, manufacturing, and plant design. Merging engineering software and AR could let engineers suspend 3D models in midair and tweak them in real time. In AR’s new era, wearable headsets are smaller, less bulky, and far more user friendly than older AR devices. They are also reliable, affordable, and do not tie their wearers by cord to a computer system. New AR applications have let auto mechanics gaze through headsets for visual guidance as they repaired car engines. It is predicted that AR will also be useful for the Internet of Things and the Industrial Internet of Things.
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Magnani, Fábio S., Guilherme MS de Andrade, and Ramiro B. Willmersdorf. "Influence of mathematical simplifications on the dynamic and energetic performance of an engine/motorcycle integrated model." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 46, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306419017720425.
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Brazil is a major producer and consumer of motorcycles. In this context, the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Federal University of Pernambuco offers three two-wheeled courses: Studies on Bicycles and Motorcycles (45 h, graduate students), Propulsion of Bicycles and Motorcycles (45 h, graduate students), and Motorcycle Engineering (60 h, under graduate students). All of them present a greater or lesser mixture of general topics (e.g. accidents, culture, market, history) and technical ones (e.g., technology description and mathematical modeling). On those courses, the calculations are made using empirical correlations, commercial packages, and also simple methods, which, although quantitatively weaker, have both didactic and theoretical advantages, as they consider the essence of the phenomena and reveal the strongest relations between the variables. In this paper, we present an integrated engine/motorcycle simple model that permits the manipulation of parameters, such as the combustion time, heat losses, drag and inertial resistances, gear shifting and others. Those model parameters are then varied to study their influence on the motorcycle behavior. Manipulating this model, students learn that both engine and motorcycle inefficiencies have the same order of influence on motorcycle economy, ethanol is less volumetrically efficient than gasoline, the change of sprockets can increase the maximal speed while deteriorating the mean speed, and other interesting practical concepts. The success of the courses can be gauged by the students’ enrollment, by the professors’ evaluation by the students, class participation, and by the strong commitment of the students to the final projects. Other highly probable cause for the success is the motorcycle itself, always a passionate subject for young people in general, and mechanical engineers in particular.
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Ga, Bui Van, Nguyen Van Dong, and Bui Van Hung. "Turbulent burning velocity in combustion chamber of SI engine fueled with compressed biogas." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 37, no. 3 (August 25, 2015): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/37/3/5939.
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Turbulent burning velocity is the most important parameter in analyzing pre-mixed combustion simulation of spark ignition engines. It depends on the laminar burning velocity and turbulence intensity in the combustion chamber. The first term can be predicted if one knows fuel composition, physico chemical properties of the fluid. The second term strongly depends on the geometry of the combustion chamber and fluid movement during the combustion process. One cannot suggest a general expression for different cases of engine. Thus, for accuracy modeling, one should determine turbulent burning velocity in the combustion chamber of each case of engine individually. In this study, the turbulent burning velocity is defined by a linear function of laminar burning velocity in which the proportional constant is defined as the turbulent burning velocity coefficient. This coefficient was obtained by analyzing the numerical simulation results and experimental data and this is applied to a concrete case of a Honda Wave motorcycle engine combustion chamber that fueled with compressed biogas. The results showed that the turbulent burning velocity coefficient in this case is around 1.3 when the average engine revolutions is in the range of 3000 rpm to 6000 rpm with biogas containing 80% Methane. We can then predict the effects of different parameters on the performance of the engine fueled with compressed biogas by simulation.
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Takahashi, Yasushi. "Visualization of local heat transfer coefficients by CFD and an application for air-cooled motorcycle engines." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 30, no. 118 (2010): 014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.30.014.
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Wibowo, Fogot Endro, and Rahmasari Fauzhia. "Pengaruh Rasio Campuran Napthalene pada Premium terhadap Efisiensi Bahan Bakar dan Kinerja Mesin Sepeda Motor 4tak." Jurnal Rekayasa Hijau 5, no. 2 (July 29, 2021): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/jrh.v5i2.114-124.
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ABSTRAKPemerintah Indonesia berharap kualitas baik dari gas buang kendaraan khususnya sepeda motor, diperlukan bahan bakar kualitas tinggi yaitu bahan bakar dengan nilai oktan tinggi. Napthalene adalah senyawa hidrokarbon dengan rumus kimia C10H16O. Struktur kimia yang mirip bensin, memiliki rantai lebih panjang membuat Napthalene diduga dapat meningkatkan nilai oktan bensin. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis pengaruh rasio pencampuran Napthalene pada premium terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar (km/l) dan peningkatan kinerja pada mesin sepeda motor bebek jenis manual 110 cc dan 115 cc. Metodenya adalah eksperimen. Parameternya yaitu tingkat efisiensi konsumsi premium (km/l), peningkatan kinerja meliputi torsi dan daya (Horse Power) pada motor jenis tersebut.Rasio perbandingan Napthalene dan premium yaitu 3 gram/l, 6 gram/l dan 9 gram/l. Hasil uji menunjukkan rasio pencampuran Napthalene pada premium sebanyak 9 gram/l merupakan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap tingkat efisiensi konsumsi premium dan kinerja mesin pada kedua jenis motor tersebut. Aplikasi tersebut tentunya akan memperbaiki kualitas gas buang.Kata kunci : efisiensi, premium, naphthalene, nilai oktan ABSTRACTThe Indonesian government hopes that the good quality of vehicle exhaust gases, especially motorcycles, requires high quality fuel, namely fuel with a high octane rating. Napthalene is a hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C10H16O. The chemical structure is similar to gasoline, having a longer chain makes Napthalene allegedly able to increase the octane value of gasoline. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of the Napthalene mixing ratio at premium on fuel consumption (km/l) and performance improvement on the 110 cc and 115 cc manual motorcycle engines. The method is experimental. The parameters are the level of premium consumption efficiency (km/l), increased performance including torque and power (Horse Power) on this type of motorcycles. The ratio of Napthalene and premium is 3 grams/l, 6 grams/l and 9 grams/l. The test results show that the Napthalene mixing ratio at premium as much as 9 grams/l is the most influential on the level of premium consumption efficiency and engine performance on both types of motorcycles. The application will certainly improve the quality of exhaust gas.Keywords: efficiency, premium, naphthalene, octane rating
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Hasan, Indra, and Denur. "Pengujian Perbandingan Ketahanan Berbagai Busi Sepeda Motor dengan Menggunakan Alat Busi Tester." Jurnal Surya Teknika 8, no. 1 (July 22, 2021): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jst.v8i1.2615.
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The development of automotive technology is very fast, we can find this in today's vehicles that use a lot of very sophisticated technology, namely in terms of engines, electricity, and its newest features, especially on two-wheeled vehicles. Therefore, the user community is required to be more selective in choosing a vehicle both in terms of quality and quantity. Including in the selection of spare parts on vehicle engines must use good quality, this is useful as a motorbike power booster, especially in the ignition system, namely spark plugs as a vital tool that sprinkles sparks in the combustion chamber. Recently, many spark plugs have been found that are not good enough so that the power generated by the vehicle is reduced. The purpose of this test is as a Comparative Test of the Endurance of Various Motorcycle Spark Plugs by Using a Spark Plug Tester so that it can be seen that the spark plug is suitable or not used in the vehicle which aims to get maximum performance.
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Guo, C. F., and C. X. Gu. "Application of Control Algorithms and Statistical Methods for Work-in-Progress Management in Discrete Production Systems." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.723.
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A new kind of work-in-progress control system (I-WCS) is proposed, in which two control algorithms, the proportional & integral control (PI) and the statistical process control (SPC) are integrated to maintain a reasonable amount of work-in-progress (WIP) in discrete manufacturing systems. Taking the production line of certain motorcycle engines’ crankcases as an example, its I-WCS system is proposed. It consists of two integrated controllers, which are able to collect real-time production data, draw Shewhart control charts, and get these charts analyzed and acquire real production scheduling schemes. Simulation results show that I-WCS can maintain lower and steadier WIP in production lines so as to improve the ability of on-time delivery.
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Syukron, Nur Hidayat. "Sistem Controling Engine Menggunakan Fingerprint Berbasis Arduino." Jurnal Ilmiah Informatika 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jimi.v4i1.485.
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The growth of motorcycles at this time is very fast. The case of motorcycle theft is still often the case, this happens because there is still a lack of security systems that exist in motor vehicles that only use the ignition key. In addition, the lack of human control systems are still often missed.
Motorcycles are the main transportation at this time, so it needs to be made bicycle security system. Security is done in the form of a system with fingerprints in anticipation of the frequent mode of motorcycle theft, which can access by using fingerprints are certain people whose fingerprint data has been programmed into the system, so that the motorcycle can not live without the match between the fingerprint which is detected by the sensor by fingerprint.
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TAKAHASHI, Yasushi, Yoshitsugu GOKAN, Makoto INAYOSHI, Tsuneaki ISHIMA, and Tomio OBOKATA. "Numerical Prediction of Heat Transfer Coefficient by Karman's Analogy and an Application for Air-Cooled Motorcycle Engines." Journal of Fluid Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (2007): 570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jfst.2.570.
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Ginting, Feryanto, and Penda Sudarto Hasugian. "Expert System Diagnoses Damage to Injection Motorcycles with the Certainty Factor Method." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i1.372.
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Motorcycles are the main means of transportation that is widely used to support the activities of their societies. Prior to the development of technology, motorcycles still use carburetors. But motorcycles are still using carburetor system is still quite wasteful. With the development of technology, there is now applying the Yamaha brand motorcycles capable of supplying petrol injection engine needs. Motorcycles injection technology is much more efficient compared to motorcycle carburetor technology, in addition to economical motorcycle of this type has a performance engine and a reliable power. But frequent obstacles that cause damage to the injection Yamaha motorcycle, disrupting users.An expert system is a system that adopts the expertise of an expert an expert in a particular field into the system or a computer program is presented with a display that can be used by a user who is not an expert so that system users can make a decision or set policy like an expert in finishing problem. Certainty factor method used to obtain the value of the certainty of damage from an expert motorcycle injection, so that the user also gets the value of the damage certainty selected symptoms of the experience of experts. The results of diagnostics in expert system that has been made that if the user mencheklis symptoms such as clogged when rotated gas engine, electric distater difficult / lift, lights up when the engine is difficult to use the kick starter, often emit exhaust sound of an explosion, it can be concluded from the analysis that the damage found on the spark plug with a value of MB = 0.99, MD = 0:22 and Certainty Factor value of 76.66%. The diagnosis ever made by a visitor or mechanical accessible again by entering an email to the database.
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Tuyen, Pham Huu, Pham Minh Tuan, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, and Preechar Karin. "UPDATING EMISSION FACTORS FOR IN-USE MOTORCYCLES FUELED BY GASOLINE, E5 AND E10 IN VIETNAM." ASEAN Engineering Journal 11, no. 3 (April 21, 2021): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v11.17055.
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Motorcycle is the most popular transportation means in Vietnam due to its low cost and flexibility. However, motorcycles emit substantial quantities of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and some amount of particulate matter. Emission factors for in-use motorcycles in Vietnam were studied and established quite a long time ago. The objective of this study is to update the emission factors, not only gaseous emissions but also particle number, for in-use motorcycles in Vietnam. Ten carbureted and electronic fuel injected motorcycles representative for in-use motorcycles were selected for investigation. Each motorcycle was fueled by conventional gasoline, E5 and E10 in turn, and was tested on a chassis dynamometer according to ECE R40 driving cycle. The gaseous emissions were sampled and determined by standard methods, while the particle number in exhaust gas was sampled by using the sampling system developed by Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam. The updated emission factors were then provided for carbureted motorcycles, EFI motorcycles and average motorcycle fleet in case of gasoline, E5 and E10 fueling.
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Fauzi, Muhammad Ridha. "Perancangan Penyalaan Engine Sepeda Motor Berbasis Arduino Melalui Bluetooth Android." Jurnal Surya Teknika 8, no. 1 (July 24, 2021): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jst.v8i1.2676.
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Motorcycle ignition which also functions as a motorcycle safety needs to be designed and made as safe as possible to avoid the loss of the vehicle from theft cases. This equipment is designed to turn on/off and search for motorcycles using a remote from a smartphone with an android operating system via a bluetooth network. The bluetooth input is controlled using the Arduino Uno microcontroller. From the test results, it is found that the maximum distance that can be achieved between Android and Bluetooth to operate a motorcycle engine is about 10 meters. This system also makes our motorcycle engine ignition a smart ignition.
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Mulyadi, Agah Muhammad, and Samsi Gunarta. "Model of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission from Motorcycle to the Manufactures, Engine Displacement, Service Life and Travel Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (July 2015): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.361.
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By the end of 2012 the population of motorcycle reached 77.7 million units with their average composition on the road reached 82%. The number of motorcycles produce CO2 emissions which have a negative impact on global warming. Global warming occurs because the greenhouse effect of CO2 in the atmosphere absorb heat energy and obstructed the heat from the atmosphere to the higher surface.The data collected in this research is the data of motorcycles fuel consumption. The method of data processing by converting the fuel consumption data to CO2 emissions using the equation of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) AMS-III Methology. The purpose of this research is to create models of CO2 emissions on a motorcycle against several influential independent variables such as manufacture, service life, engine displacement (cc) and travel speed. Method analysis using correlation and regression analysis.Based on the regression analysis, the best combination that produces the lowest value of CO2 is a motorcycle with a combination of manufacture number 2, 5 years service life, engine displacement of 111-149 cc and travel speed of 60 km/h. Whereas from the the correlations analysis obtained the motorcycle of manufacture number 2 able to decrease up to 15% CO2 and motorcycles with engine displacement of 111-149 cc is able to reduce CO2 emission from 17% to 43%. While the service life of one year to six years resulting CO2 emissions which relatively similar with only difference of 15%. Furthermore, the travel speed of 60 km/h able to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 62%.
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Ngo, Ha Thanh, and Tai Tan Phan. "DESIGN HYBRID DRIVETRAIN ON HONDA WAVE 110 MOTORCYCLE." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 32 (December 1, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.32.2018.55.
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Motorbikes are a very popular means of transport, are mobile and suitable for transport infrastructure in Vietnam. At present, the number of motorcycles is alarming (the number of registered motorcycles is about 70.4 million units over 94.4 million people). It contributes greatly in causing environmental pollution. The solution to install an electric motor on a motorcycle to reduce environmental pollution is a practical and economic benefit. This paper presents the design of the hybrid drive system of the traditional heat engine and electric motor on the motorcycle. Thereby, analyzing and evaluating the test results of the designed system.
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Silva Dorna, Bruno Eduardo, Suely Amorim de Araújo, Ricardo Gonçalves de Holanda, Clesnan Mendes-Rodrigues, Vivian De Moraes Coelho, and Patrícia Costa dos Santos da Silva. "Victims profile in function of motorcycle engine potency and assisted by the Fire Department of Uberlândia, Brazil." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss9.3332.
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Introduction: Traffic accidents are a global issue, especially in emerging countries, resulting in a high number of deaths and significant social and economic expenditures with victims. Motorcycle accidents stand out mainly by its greater vulnerability, and studies relating bike engine potency and accidents are still rare. Objective: To trace the profile of victims involved in motorcycle accidents as a function of motorcycle power that were assisted by the Fire Department in Uberlândia, Brazil. Methodology: A transversal, retrospective, analytic and quantitative study, based on a public database. Twelve thousand nine hundred occurrence reports were retrospectively analyzed between 2015 and 2018 in the Integrated System of Social Defense from the Military Fire Department of Minas Gerais state database. Variables that allowed accident characterization were collected (such as motorcycle conductor or passenger and from the accident itself) and were compared in function of the motorcycle power or engine potency (less than 250 CC as low and more than 250 CC as high). Results: There was a lack of information in reports about the accident and even greater lack about the injured person, ranging from 0% to 52%. The predominance of accidents was with motorcycles below 250 CC. The values of severity and clinical data scores were not different between engine potency categories, except for the heart frequency of the injured, with a median of 82 and 80 beats for high and low engine potency, respectively. A greater frequency of accidents involving men, single, with higher education conducting motorcycles over 250 CC, involved in falls, with occurrence between 18:01 and 24:00 hours was noted. However, accidents occurred mostly with small-sized vehicles and motorcycles and did not differ between days of the week. Accidents showed a spatial pattern where most accidents occurred downtown and, consequently, in more commercial regions, with no major differences in engine potency. Conclusion: Even though accident severity did not differ between engine potency categories, the profile of participants showed some differences. This information, along with more complete and broader data in the reports, can offer subsides for more assertive public policy implementation to mitigate traffic accidents.
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Arunachalam, Muthiah, Chirapriya Mondal, and Sougata Karmakar. "Field Measurement of the Motorcycle's Key Dimensions Using Simple Method and in-House Fabricated Instrument." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 19, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.190403.
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Out of many plausible causative factors for the spike in accidents, lack of riding skills is reported to be a significant reason for motorcycle mishaps. The riding skills can be improved through better availability of training facilities (simulator). Non-availability of the dimensional database (of different types of motorcycles), which are essential for simulator design, makes it difficult for the designers/ engineers to build the commercially available cheaper motorcycle-simulators. Moreover, the available measuring techniques and devices are costly and unable to satisfy motorcycle measurement's diverse requirements. Thus, the present research aimed to prepare the dimensional database of motorcycles using an in-house fabricated measuring instrument. Following the adaptive design method, the alpha prototype of a laser-pointer-based measuring instrument was developed. The calibrated device was used for measuring the dimensions associated with the handlebar, seat, and footrest of the 23 different motorcycles under study. Detailed (linear, angular, and circumferential) dimensions of the handlebar, seat, and footrest were measured using sliding calipers and protractors. Generated dimensional databases of 18 critical dimensions from the handlebar, seat, and footrest of the 23 different standard-motorcycles would be useful for deciding the motorcycle simulator's dimensions.
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Sutthichaimethee, Pruethsan, and Yothin Sawangdee. "Model of Environmental Problems Priority Arising from the use of Environmental and Natural Resources in Machinery Sectors of Thailand." Environmental and Climate Technologies 17, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2016-0003.
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AbstractThe objective of this research is to propose an indicator to evaluate environmental impacts from the Machinery sectors of Thailand, leading to more sustainable consumption and production in this sector of the economy. The factors used to calculate the Forward Linkage, Backward Linkage and Real Benefit were the Total Environmental Costs. The highest total environmental cost was Railway Equipment which needs to be resolved immediately because it uses natural resources more than its carrying capacity, higher environmental cost than standard, and contributes low real benefit. Electric Accumulator & Battery, Secondary Special Industrial Machinery, Motorcycle, Bicycle & Other Carriages, and Engines and Turbines need to be monitored closely because they are able to link to other production sectors more than any other production sectors do, and they have high environmental cost. To decide a sustainable development strategy of the country, therefore, results of this research must be used to support decision-making.
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Muslim, Mohd Taufiq, Hazlina Selamat, Ahmad Jais Alimin, Noorfaizah Mohd Rohi, and Mohd Faisal Hushim. "A review on retrofit fuel injection technology for small carburetted motorcycle engines towards lower fuel consumption and cleaner exhaust emission." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 35 (July 2014): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.037.
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