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Siddiqui, Nadeem Hasan. "Nested logit models for motorized and non-motorized modes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ48474.pdf.
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Siddiqui, Nadeem Hasan Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil and Environmental. "Nested logit models for motorized and non-motorized modes." Ottawa, 1999.
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Hardell, Felix, and Jonas Tjomsland. "Motorized tensioner systemfor prosthetic hands." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230144.
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Modern research in prosthetic devices and other assistivetechnologies are constantly pushing boundaries. Whilethe technology is impressive, it is still inaccessible for thegreater part of the people in need of it. Advanced devicesare often extremely expensive and require regularly maintenancefrom professionals. Enabling the Future is a globalnetwork of volunteers and was founded to face these problems.They design and 3D-print mechanical prosthetics forpeople in need all over the world.Most of the designs used by Enabling the Future are purelymechanical and do not implement motors. The purposeof this thesis was to take a new approach to the designand construction of low-cost motorized prosthetic hands.By distancing all the electronic components from the hand,including the motor, the project aimed to create a devicecompatible with all current designs of the Enabling the Futurecommunity.To conceptualize this approach a demonstrator was constructedand tested. It utilized a muscle sensor which allowedusers to control the hand by tightening their muscles.The distance between the electronic components andthe prosthetic hand measured approximately one and a halfmeters and still transfered enough force, from the motor tothe hand, to deliver an adequate grip strength.Modern forskning inom protestillverkning och andrahandikapphjälpmedel gör kontinuerligt stora framsteg. Trotsatt tekniken är imponerade är den fortfarande otillgängligför den största del människor som behöver den. Avanceradehjälpmedel är ofta extremt dyra och kräver kontinuerligtunderhåll från yrkesverksamma. Enabling the Future,ett globalt nätverk av volontärer, grundades för att utmanadessa problem. De konstruerar och tillverkar 3D-skrivnamekaniska proteser för människor med behov över hela världen.De flesta konstruktioner som används av Enabling the Futureär helt mekaniska och använder inga motorer. Syftetmed detta kandidatexamensarbete var att med nya tillvägagångssättkonstruera en billig motoriserad handprotes.Genom att placera all elektronik på en distans från handen,inklusive motorn själv, var tanken att skapa ett systemsom är kompatibelt med de konstruktioner som Enablingthe Future använder.För att förverkliga detta konstruerades en prototyp somtestats. Prototypen använde sig av en muskelsensor somlät användaren kontrollera proteshanden genom att spännasin arm. Distansen mellan de elektriska komponenternaoch protesen var ungefär en och en halv meter, samtidigtsom tillräckligt stor kraft kunde transporteras för att stängahanden med ett tillräckligt grepp.
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Tjomsland, Jonas, and Felix Hardell. "Motorized tensioner systemfor prosthetic hands." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232970.
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Modern research in prosthetic devices and other assistive technologies are constantly pushing boundaries. While the technology is impressive, it is still inaccessible for the greater part of the people in need of it. Advanced devices are often extremely expensive and require regularly maintenance from professionals. Enabling the Future is a global network of volunteers and was founded to face these problems. They design and 3D-print mechanical prosthetics for people in need all over the world. Most of the designs used by Enabling the Future are purely mechanical and do not implement motors. The purpose of this thesis was to take a new approach to the design and construction of low-cost motorized prosthetic hands. By distancing all the electronic components from the hand, including the motor, the project aimed to create a device compatible with all current designs of the Enabling the Future community. To conceptualize this approach a demonstrator was constructed and tested. It utilized a muscle sensor which allowed users to control the hand by tightening their muscles. The distance between the electronic components and the prosthetic hand measured approximately one and a half meters and still transfered enough force, from the motor to the hand, to deliver an adequate grip strength.Modern forskning inom protestillverkning och andra handikapphjälpmedel gör kontinuerligt stora framsteg. Trots att tekniken är imponerade är den fortfarande otillgänglig för den största del människor som behöver den. Avancerade hjälpmedel är ofta extremt dyra och kräver kontinuerligt underhåll från yrkesverksamma. Enabling the Future, ett globalt nätverk av volontärer, grundades för att utmana dessa problem. De konstruerar och tillverkar 3D-skrivna mekaniska proteser för människor med behov över hela världen. De flesta konstruktioner som används av Enabling the Future är helt mekaniska och använder inga motorer. Syftet med detta kandidatexamensarbete var att med nya tillvägagångssätt konstruera en billig motoriserad handprotes. Genom att placera all elektronik på en distans från handen, inklusive motorn själv, var tanken att skapa ett system som är kompatibelt med de konstruktioner som Enabling the Future använder. För att förverkliga detta konstruerades en prototyp som testats. Prototypen använde sig av en muskelsensor som lät användaren kontrollera proteshanden genom att spänna sin arm. Distansen mellan de elektriska komponenterna och protesen var ungefär en och en halv meter, samtidigt som tillräckligt stor kraft kunde transporteras för att stänga handen med ett tillräckligt grepp.
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Mauritzson, Samuel, and Fabian Revilla. "Motorized control of a blind." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264474.
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Automated solutions such as robotic vacuum cleaners and smart lighting are gaining popularity, both in the home as well as in public environments. The purpose of this project is to investigate the possibility of using a microcontroller to, in a user-friendly way, control a blind and to implement a sound sensor to activate the mechanism. A stepper motor was used to drive the blind and control its position. The prototype was programmed to recognize a sequence of two claps within a specific time interval. To make the prototype more user-friendly a UI was implemented with an LCD-display and mechanical buttons. A menu was designed where the user would be able to change settings such as the sound level threshold and motor speed as well as calibrate the position of the blind. The performance of the prototype was evaluated by testing the audio recognition by attempted activation in a quiet environment and by recording accidental activations in a loud environment. The conclusions drawn from these test were that the sound recognition was implemented and operated with a success rate of up to 73 %, but that it also triggered relatively easily by extraneous sound sources. Future improvements to this problem could include implementation of a band pass filter to further optimize the sound recognition to the desired audio cue.Automatiserade lösningar som robotdammsugare och smart belysning blir allt mer populärt, både i hemmet och i offentliga miljöer. Syftet med detta projekt är att undersöka möjligheten att använda en mikrokontroller för att på ett användarvänligt sätt styra en rullgardin och implementera en ljudsensor för att aktivera mekanismen. En stegmotor användes för att driva rullgardinen och styra dess position. Mjukvaran formades för att känna igen en sekvens av två klappar inom ett visst tidsintervall. För att göra prototypen mer användarvänlig implementerades ett användargränssnitt med en LCD-skärm och mekaniska knappar. En meny utformades där inställningar som ljudnivåns tröskelvärde och motorvarvtal kunde ändras. Gardinens position kunde även kalibreras. Ljudigenkänningen utvärderades genom att testa aktivering i en tyst miljö och genom att registrera oavsiktliga aktiveringar i en högljudd miljö. Slutsatserna från dessa test var att ljudigenkänningen implementerades och fungerade konsistent vid upp till 73 % av aktiveringsförsöken, men att den också utlöstes relativt enkelt av yttre ljudkällor. Eventuella förbättringar av detta problem kan innefatta implementation av ett bandpassfilter för att ytterligare optimera ljudigenkänningen.
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Famojuro, Oluwaseun O., Mathew Leonard, Megan Quinn, and Bracken J. Burns. "Patient Outcome from Nontraditional Motorized Vehicle Accidents." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/81.
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INTRODUCTION
There have been little literature between the effect of patient’s ages and health outcome from nontraditional motor vehicle accidents (NMVA). These accidents are known as not car or motorcycle or truck accidents on the highways. This study examined the effect of NMVA and age on outcome of adult patients treated at the Johnson City Medical Center for over 7 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was approved by the office for the protection of human research projects of East Tennessee State University. A total of 468 patients aged >18 years involved in motorized vehicle accidents other than traditional cars, trucks or motorcycles from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed. Electronic health data of trauma patients was obtained from the Johnson City Medical Center trauma department registry. Patients were selected if primary reason for admission was injury due to nontraditional motorized vehicle (snow mobiles, lawn mowers, all-terrain vehicles (ATV’s), machinery- industrial or agricultural, and any other nontraditional motorized vehicle that was not a car or truck or motorcycle.
The study design was observational (cross sectional survey). The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition (ICD-9) and Tenth Edition (ICD-10) were used to obtain parameters for the study. The study parameters include Age Length of stay (LOS) Total length of stay in the ICU Total ventilator days Injury severity score (ISS) Mechanism of injury
The health data and medical information were kept private, secured and safeguarded.
The patients were split into three groups, ages 18 – 60 (study group 1), ages 61-89 (study group 2), and ages 90+ (study group 3).Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression were used to compare means and analyze each study parameters between the study groups. Finally, a comparison was done between study groups 1 and 2 of patients involved in ATV accidents using the same categories. Other NMVA such as lawn mower, machinery were not analyzed based on few fatalities. The analysis was done using SPSS, SAS v9.4.
RESULTS
There were a total of 468 observed patients, 18 died and 450 survived. Out of the 18 patients that died, 12 were in study group one while 6 were study group two. Of the 450 that survived, 5 were discharged to an acute care facility, 363 home or self-care (routine discharge), 40 in a rehabilitation facility (inpatient), 38 in skilled nursing facility. Overall the tests show that there was no difference between the groups observed except when comparing the total length of stay and total ICU days among patients in the study group 1 that were involved in all accidents. (Total ICU days P= 0.0028, total length of stay P= 0.003). The patients who survived on average spent 3 days longer in the hospital and 1 day longer in the Intensive care unit.
CONCLUSION
The patient outcome from nontraditional accident differs only by length of hospital stay and total ICU days among patients between ages 18 -60. Further longitudinal studies will help to identify other reasons for prolong stay in the hospital.
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Jónsson, Ólafur Fannar. "Motorized testing framework for a computer vision application." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279966.
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A successful design and implementation of a modern computer vision system, based on two moving cameras, requires a particular testing infrastructure to be in place. Two pairs of linear actuators, mounted on rigid aluminum frames, separated by a 90◦ angle, were assembled for this purpose. In combination with a Xilinx Zynq-7020 system-on-a-chip, four Trinamic TMC2130 stepper motor drivers and software written explicitly for the project, programmable motion control was made possible. Self-calibrating and positioning functionalities were tested and shown to work with a precision of +/- 1 mm. Successfully fulfilling its stated functionality, the resulting build can thus serve as a foundation for future projects.En lyckad design och implementering av ett modernt system för datorseende baserat på två rörliga kameror, kräver tillgång till en viss testmiljö. Två par av elektriska linjära ställdon, monterade på varsin ram, byggda av aluminiumprofiler och separerade med en 90◦ vinkel, monterades för detta ändamål. I kombination med en Xilinx Zynq-7020 systemkrets, fyra Trinamic TMC2130 stegmotordrivarkretsar och en mjukvara speciellt skriven för detta projekt, blev programmerbar rörelsekontroll möjlig. Självkalibrering och rörelsefunktioner testades och visades fungera med +/- 1 mm precision. Genom att uppfylla sin angivna funktion kan bygget bli en grund för framtida projekt.
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Nedhagen, Robin, and Mikael Karlsson. "A concept study of a motorized hose handler." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20722.
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Bensinpumpar har använts sedan början av 1900-talet och användningen expanderade snabbt genom åren. Utformningen och funktionerna på bensinpumparna har ständigt förnyats och optimerats för att göra tankningsprocessen säkrare, snabbare och bekvämare. I detta examensarbete utvecklas ett koncept för en motoriserad slanghanterare för varumärket Waynes Fueling System Sweden AB, som ingår i Dover Fueling Solutions-familjen. I vissa länder som exempelvis Indien är det vanligt att bensinstationerna är trånga och pumpslangen behöver ibland sträckas ut till sin maximala längd. Kraften som krävs för att dra slangen är 90 N och det anses vara för tungt att behöva dra. I detta examensarbete är syftet att göra tankningsprocessen enklare och att det inte ska vara baserat på en persons styrka. Målet är att utveckla ett koncept som matar ut slangen till användaren. Detta ska göras utan att ändra grunddesignen av bensinpumpen och behålla så många av de aktuella delarna som möjligt. Några av de metoder som kommer att används är brainstorming, gallerimetoden och Pughs poängsättningsmatris. Resultatet är ett koncept där rullar används för att driva varje slang och som ansluter till slangen när den dras. Rullarna är monterade på en axel som drivs av en servostyrning. Det finns ingen koppling mellan slangen och rullen om inte en slang dras som då ansluts till rullen. Motorn startar omedelbart när en dragkraft upptäcks. Detta är dock en konceptstudie och ytterligare arbete måste göras för att konceptet ska bli till en produktDispensers have been used since early 20th century and the use increased rapidly through the years. The design and functions on the dispenser have constantly been renewed and optimized to make the refueling safer, faster and more comfortable. In this thesis a concept of a motorized hose handler is developed for the brand Waynes fueling system Sweden AB, which is a part of Dover fueling solutions family. In some countries such as India for instance it is common that the gasoline stations are crowded and the dispensers hose sometimes need to stretch out to its maximum length. The force required to pull the hose is 90 N which is too heavy for many individuals. The scope of this thesis is to make refueling easier and not based on the strength of a person. The goal is to develop a concept that eject the hose for the dispenser operator and remove or ease the pulling force from the hose. This must be done without changing the design of the dispenser and keep as many of the current parts as possible. Some of the methods that will be used are brainstorming, gallery method and Pughs scoring matrix. These methods are important for the thesis to develop a concept. The result is a concept where rollers are used for each hose and the rollers will connect with the hose when it is pulled. The rollers are mounted on a shaft which is driven by a servo controller. There is no connection between the hose and roller unless a hose is pulled and only that certain hose that is pulled when connected with the roller. The motor starts immediately when a pulling force is detected. However, this is a concept study and further work is necessary to make the concept into a real product.
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Pellegatti, Samuele. "Motorized system for opening and closing a domestic dishwasher." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18651/.
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Study and prototyping of a motorized domestic dishwasher for opening and closing the door automatically. Work is split in 3 parts: mechanic, electronic, software.
Mechanic deals with hinge kinematic analysis, concept development, simulation analysis, components sizing and construction.
Electronic refers to components research, setup and displacement on the dishwasher.
Software regards Arduino Mega (the used MCU) state programming.
This thesis contains also intermediate trials with encoutered troubles and show how they've been solved.
Many future implementations are finally presented.
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Schutzer, Victor Manieri. "Avaliação de parâmetros ergonômicos : vibração e ruído em roçadoras laterais /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153379.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A crescente mecanização na agricultura mundial foi acompanhada do aumento do número de acidentes e fez com que elevasse a preocupação com a saúde de seus operadores, já que tais trabalhadores estão expostos aos riscos que esse tipo de atividade proporciona. Alguns dos graves problemas que são gerados pelos equipamentos agrícolas é a alta vibração e ruído a que os operadores ficam expostos na sua jornada de trabalho. A vibração que atinge os trabalhadores pode ser considerada como um distúrbio, já que é responsável por grandes prejuízos à saúde do ser humano, estando diretamente relacionada com a fadiga do trabalhador. O ruído, considerado como um som indesejável, é outro problema gerado por máquinas motoras e responsável por lesão no aparelho auditivo e, até mesmo, por estresse psicofisiológico. Para o presente trabalho, analisou-se os riscos físicos que a vibração e o ruído causam em operadores de roçadoras motorizadas. Foram feitas análises de situações reais que os usuários deste tipo de máquina enfrentam no seu dia a dia de trabalho, para que se possa tirar conclusões da possibilidade de efeitos danosos. Para a pesquisa utilizou-se um acelerômetro de três eixos - HVM 100, marca Larson Davis, para mensurar a vibração captada pela mão do operador e um medidor de pressão sonora, marca Instrutherm, modelo DEC-460 para mensurar o ruído causado pela roçadora. Para a análise da vibração captada pela mão dos operadores foi utilizada a norma internacional ISO 5349 (2001) – Vibração Mecânica – Medição, Avaliação da Exposição Humana da Vibração Transmitida à Mão e Diretiva Europeia 2002/44/EC que estabelece os limites de exposição à vibração. As análises do ruído foram feitas a partir da Norma Regulamentadora – NR-15 – Atividades e Operações Insalubres. Os resultados de vibração e ruído apresentados em alguns testes ficaram acima do que estabelece a norma para que não haja prejuízo à saúde dos operadores deste tipo de equipamento durante uma exposição equivalente a uma jornada de trabalho de 8 horas. Além disso, mostra a importância do estudo, escolha e, principalmente, da correta utilização de EPI (Equipamento de Proteção Individual) para que minimize a vibração e o ruído que chegam ao organismo humano. É importante, ainda, a manutenção periódica dos equipamentos mecânicos para que os mesmos funcionem corretamente, evitando quebras das máquinas e danos aos operadores de tais equipamentos.
The increasing mechanization in world agriculture was accompanied by an increase in the number of accidents has caused concern about the health of its operators, as these workers are exposed to risks that this type of activity provides. Some of the serious problems that are generated by agricultural equipment are the high vibration and noise to which operators are exposed in their work. The vibration that affects the workers can be considered as a disorder, since it is responsible for major damages to the health of human beings, being directly related to worker fatigue. Noise, regarded as an unwanted sound, is another problem caused by motorized machines and responsible to hearing damage and even to psychophysiological stress. For this study, a physical risks analysis was made. So it is possible to determine the damage that vibration and noise can cause in motorized brushcutter’s operators. Real situations of the daily work that these users go through were analyzed, so that conclusions can be made of the possibility of harmful effects. For the research, an accelerometer of three axes - HVM 100, Larson Davis brand, was used to measure the vibration captured by the hand of the operator and a sound pressure meter, Instrutherm brand model DEC-460, was used to measure the noise caused by brushcutters. For the vibration analysis captured by the hand of the operators, the international standard ISO 5349 (2001) - Mechanical Vibration - Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Hand-Transmitted Vibration and the European Directive 2002/44/EC establishing the exposure limits for vibrations were used. Noise analysis was made based on the Regulatory Standard - NR-15 - Unhealthy Activities and Operations. The noise and vibration results in some tests were above the standard so that there is no damage to the health of the operators of such equipment during an exposure equivalent to an 8 hours working day. This also shows the importance of the study, choice and especially the proper use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) to minimize vibration and noise coming to the human body. The regular maintenance of mechanical equipment is also important so that they function properly, avoiding machinery breakages and damage to operators of such equipment.
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Morelli, Claude J. (Claude Joseph) 1966. "Suburban non-motorized access to transit : a framework for evaluation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68788.
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Prinsloo, Gerhardus Johannes. "Automatic positioner and control system for a motorized parabolic solar reflector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96137.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Most rural African villages enjoy high levels of sunlight, but rolling out solar power generation technology to tap into this renewable energy resource at remote rural sites in Africa pose a number of design challenges. To meet these challenges, a project has been initiated to design, build and test/evaluate a knock down 3 kW peak electrical stand-alone self-tracking dual-axis concentrating solar power system. This study focusses on the mechatronic engineering aspects in the design and development of a dynamic mechatronic platform and digital electronic control system for the stand-alone concentrating solar power system. Design specifications require an accurate automatic positioner and control system for a motorized parabolic solar reflector with an optical solar harnessing capacity of 12 kWt at solar noon. It must be suitable for stand-alone rural power generation. This study presents a conceptual design and engineering prototype of a balanced cantilever tilt-and-swing dual-axis slew drive actuation means as mechatronic solar tracking mobility platform for a ∼12 m2 lightweight parabolic solar concentrator. Digital automation of the concentrated solar platform is implemented using an industrial Siemens S7-1200 programmable logic controller (PLC) with digital remote control interfacing, pulse width modulated direct current driving, and electronic open loop/closed loop solar tracking control. The design and prototype incorporates off-the-shelf components to support local manufacturing at reduced cost and generally meets the goal of delivering a dynamic mechatronic platform for a concentrating solar power system that is easy to transport, assemble and install at remote rural sites in Africa. Real-time experiments, conducted in the summer of South Africa, validated and established the accuracy of the engineering prototype positioning system. It shows that the as-designed and -built continuous solar tracking performs to an optical accuracy of better than 1.0◦ on both the azimuth and elevation tracking axes; and which is also in compliance with the pre-defined design specifications. Structural aspects of the prototype parabolic dish are evaluated and optimized by other researchers while the Stirling and power handling units are under development in parallel projects. Ultimately, these joint research projects aim to produce a locally manufactured knock down do-it-yourself concentrated solar power generation kit, suitable for deployment into Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Landelike gebiede in Afrika geniet hoë vlakke van sonskyn, maar die ontwerp van betroubare sonkrag tegnologie vir die benutting van hierdie hernubare energie hulpbron by afgeleë gebiede in Afrika bied verskeie uitdagings. Om hierdie uitdagings te oorkom, is ’n projek van stapel gestuur om ’n afbreekbare 3 kW piek elektriese alleenstaande selfaangedrewe dubbel-as son-konsentreeder te ontwerp, bou en te toets. Hierdie studies fokus op die megatroniese ingenieurs-aspekte in die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van ’n dinamiese megatroniese platform en ’n digitale elektroniese beheerstelsel vir die alleenstaande gekonsentreerde sonkrag stelsel. Ontwerp spesifikasies vereis ’n akkurate outomatiese posisionering en beheer stelsel vir ’n motor aangedrewe paraboliese son reflekteerder met ’n optiesekollekteer- kapasiteit van 12 kWt by maksimum sonhoogte, en veral geskik wees vir afgeleë sonkrag opwekking. Hierdie studie lewer ’n konsepsuele ontwerp en ingenieurs-prototipe van ’n gebalanseerde dubbelas swaai-en-kantel swenkrat aandrywingsmeganisme as megatroniese sonvolg platform vir ’n ∼12 m2 liggewig paraboliese son konsentreerder. Digitale outomatisering van die son konsentreerder platform is geimplementeer op ’n industriële Siemens S7-1200 programmeerbare logiese beheerder (PLB) met ’n digitale afstandbeheer koppelvlak, puls-wydte-gemoduleerde gelykstroom aandrywing en elektroniese ooplus en geslote-lus sonvolg beheer. Die ontwerp en prototipe maak gebruik van beskikbare komponente om lae-koste plaaslike vervaardiging te ondersteun en slaag in die algemeen in die doel om ’n dinamiese megatroniese platform vir ’n gekonsentreerde sonkrag stelsel te lewer wat maklik vervoer, gebou en opgerig kan word op afgeleë persele in Afrika. Intydse eksperimente is gedurende die somer uitgevoer om die akkuraatheid van die prototipe posisionering sisteem te evalueer. Dit toon dat die sisteem die son deurlopend volg met ’n akkuraatheid beter as 1.0◦ op beide die azimut en elevasie sonvolg asse, wat voldoen aan die ontwerp spesifikasies. Strukturele aspekte van die prototipe paraboliese skottel word deur ander navorsers geëvalueer en verbeter terwyl die Stirling-eenheid en elektriese sisteme in parallelle projekte ontwikkel word. Die uiteindelike doel met hierdie groepnavorsing is om ’n plaaslik vervaardigde doen-dit-self sonkrag eenheid te ontwikkel wat in Afrika ontplooi kan word.
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Oliveira, Aureo Santana de. "Desenvolvimento de um sensor para avaliar a pressão exercida ao solo decorrente do tráfego de máquinas agrícolas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11148/tde-20102010-102705/.
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Nas últimas décadas, os avanços na agricultura se destacam principalmente por meio da mecanização e pela eletrônica embarcada, a qual otimizou os processos e viabilizou redução de custos. No entanto, a massa cada vez mais crescente e o intenso tráfego desses equipamentos promovem a compactação do solo, resultando em prejuízos ao setor agrícola. Neste sentido, os objetivos deste de trabalho foi desenvolver sensores que permitam avaliar, as pressões exercidas ao solo decorrentes do tráfego de máquinas e implementos agrícolas e empregá-lo em um estudo para verificar os efeitos da esteira metálica instalada sobre pneus de alta flutuação em ambiente agrícola, bem como a variação na força de tração de acordo com o rodado utilizado. Sendo a hipótese 1 do trabalho, de que esteiras conferem menor pressão sobre solo devido à maior área de contato, resultando em menor compactação e a hipótese 2 de que a utilização das esteiras leva a maior exigência tratória. O desenvolvimento dos sensores e a condução do ensaio foram realizados no campus da ESALQ/USP, as esteiras metálicas foram instaladas sobre os pneus de BPAF de um transbordo de cana-de-açúcar preenchido com solo, para simular uma carga 7500 kg. O ensaio foi dividido em 02 tratamentos (Pneu BPAF e Esteira Metálica), com 04 passadas sucessivas do transbordo carregado sobre os sensores dispostos no solo, na horizontal, vertical e diagonal. Foram determinadas as áreas de contato dos dois tipos de rodado, por meio de imagem digital e mensurada a força de tração exercida pelo transbordo carregado e vazio. Com base nos resultados de pressão exercida ao solo, observou-se uma diminuição de 50% da pressão superficial utilizando esteiras metálicas comparada com os pneus BPAF, em contrapartida a força de tração do transbordo utilizando esteira metálica foi 137% maior. Portando conclui-se que o sensor desenvolvido foi capaz de estimar os picos e as pressões residuais exercidas ao solo em diferentes profundidades e ficaram comprovadas as hipóteses do trabalho.In recent decades, advances in agriculture are distinguished mainly by mechanization and onboard electronics, which enabled streamlined processes and reduced costs. However, the increasing mass and heavy traffic of these equipments promote soil compaction, resulting significant agricultural losses. This work aimed to develop sensors to assess the stress on soil, resulting from traffic and agricultural machinery and, use them in a study to verify the metal tracks effects installed on high flotation tires on agricultural environment, as well as the variation in traction force according to the used tires. This study considered the following hypothesis: 1. metal tracks give less stress on soil due to greater contact area, resulting in less compaction; 2. the use of metal tracks leads to a greater demand of tractors. The development of sensors and trial conduction were held on ESALQ / USP campus. The metal tracks were installed on the tires of the sugarcane transshipment filled with soil to simulate a load of 7500 kg. The test was divided into 02 treatments (High Floatation Tire and Metal Tracks), with 04 transshipment successive passes loaded on the sensors horizontally, vertically and diagonally placed on soil. The contact areas of the two types of tires were determined through digital imaging and the traction force exerted by loaded and empty transshipment. Considering the stress results on soil, there was a decrease of 50% of the surface stress using metal tracks compared to the tires. However the transshipment traction force using a metal tracks was 137% higher. Therefore, the developed sensor was able to estimate the peaks and the residual stress exerted on soil at different depths and the hypothesis were confirmed.
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Freeman, Nicola L. "Motorized backcountry recreation and stress response in Mountain Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2287.
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Mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are endangered in British Columbia and motorized backcountry recreation has been identified as a potential threat to their persistence. My objective was to test if fecal glucocorticoids (GCs), indicative of physiological effects of ecological stress in wildlife, could be used as a non-invasive tool to quantify stress response in free-ranging caribou exposed to motorized recreation.
I validated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure concentration of fecal GCs for R. tarandus using an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge experiment on captive reindeer exposed to extreme variation in winter weather. Female reindeer expressed elevated fecal GCs 9-11 hrs after ACTH injection. Males showed no detectable increase, perhaps due to underdosing. Fecal GCs varied markedly in both sexes in response to natural variation in weather. Overall, my results indicated fecal assays can be used to track biologically meaningful changes in adrenal activity in R.tarandus.
I investigated the effects of motorized recreation on stress hormone production by measuring GCs in feces of mountain caribou exposed to snowmobile and heli-ski activity. Concentrations of fecal GCs in snowmobile and heli-ski areas were higher than those measured from caribou in areas where motorized recreation was not allowed. Caribou sampled up to 4km. 8km and I0 km distant from snowmobile activity showed elevated fecal GCs when compared to those sampled further from snowmobile activity areas. Other variables with a significant effect on fecal GCs included reproductive state, snow, aspect. minimum ambient temperature, and daily temperature range. My study indicates that measurement of fecal GCs provides a useful, noninvasive approach in the evaluation of physiological effects of environment, reproductive state, and human-induced stressors on free-ranging mountain caribou. Although research on many species indicates that chronically elevated GCs carry a variety of physiological costs, more study is needed to know whether GCs can be used as an index of human impact on population health or trend.
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Wood, Michael S. "A Comparative Study of the Oxygen Uptake Between Nonmotorized and Motorized Treadmills." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4245.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nonmotorized treadmill walking and motorized treadmill walking on YO, results, measured in ml•kg·'·min·•, of males and females, ages 20-30 at Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. The participants were required to walk at a pace of 3 miles per hour and 13% grade for a total exercise time of 9 minutes. The exercise time was broken up with 3-minute recovery periods. Oxygen uptake was measured continuously using a metabolic measurement cart. The data obtained from the metabolic cart were correlated for each treadmill to determine the degree of relationship.
A 1 test for correlated means was used to determine if there was a significant difference, alpha < 0.05, when measuring YO, and metabolic (MET) results. A significantly low correlational coefficient was found when the Pro form Dual Motion Crosswalk Cross Trainer motorized treadmill (CW TM) V02 and MET results were compared with the Jane Fonda nonmotorized treadmill (Jane TM) and Voit 502 MD nonmotorized treadmill (Voit TM) YO, and MET results (r = 0.3, Q < 0.0001). These results enabled the researchers to reject the null hypotheses, which stated there would be no significant difference and a high positive correlation between nonmotorized and motorized treadmill V02 and MET results. Standard mean difference effect sizes were calculated for the nonmotorized treadmills versus the motorized treadmill. An effect size of 1.62 was found when both nonmotorized treadmills were compared with the motorized treadmill. This, combined with the significant difference, Q < 0.0001 , provided confidence that a Type I error was avoided. Therefore, the results of this research study show a significant difference in V02 and METs measured on a nonmotorized treadmill when compared with a motorized treadmill.
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Paget-Seekins, Laurel R. "Sustainable public transit investments: increasing non-motorized access and multiple trip type usage." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37154.
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Public transit is a key method for increasing sustainability in the transportation sector; transit can decrease emissions harmful to the environment and increase social equity by providing improved mobility. Given the limited resources available to build and operate public transit, it makes sense to meet multiple sustainability goals simultaneously. Transit that is accessible by non-motorized means and serves multiple trip types can potentially reduce vehicle usage and increase mobility for everyone. This research assesses whether transit systems with high non-motorized access rates and non-work trip usage are meeting social and environmental goals and what factors impact non-work and non-motorized access rates.
Eight criteria were used to choose 17 metropolitan regions that represent a range of transit conditions in the US. Non-parametric correlations were calculated between non-work usage and non-motorized access and a dataset of 30 continuous and 11 categorical variables that measure regional characteristics, transit efficiency, land use, rider demographics, and transit operations and design. In-depth case studies, including site visits and interviews, were done for Denver, Colorado; Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota; and Sacramento, California.
The correlations and case studies both confirm that transit system with high non-work usage and non-motorized access are not meeting social or environmental sustainability goals. These systems primarily serve low-income riders, are less well funded, and provide limited service. Only systems with higher per capita funding levels meet social goals and higher funding is correlated to higher income riders. However, having higher income riders does not imply that social goals are met. Regional policies regarding operations and design of transit can increase usage for non-work trips and non-motorized access and are necessary to ensure both social and environmental goals are met.
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Draper, Christopher Hayward. "Feasibility of the motorized momentum exchange tether system : an investigation of system risk." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/40914/.
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This thesis examines the feasibility of a motorized momentum exchange tether (MMET) system being used to perform commercial space launches. The MMET system is an on-orbit launch concept that could be used to reduce the cost of access to space, thereby catalysing a broader range of space-enabled business concepts. The research presented in this thesis assumes this cost of access to space for a reasonable launch system can be presented as the adverse financial risk of its operation. Under this assumption, the research concludes that an MMET-based system would be a feasible alternative to an equivalently capable conventional system if the risk associated with the system is less than that associated with the alternative. To illustrate the concepts and approaches presented within, this thesis presents an assessment of the proposed Lunar Staged MMET (LSM) mission, an assessment that indicates the MMET is a feasible alternative for completing such a mission under specific analytical and market conditions. The expected financial risk is presented in this thesis as the product of the mission cost and the probability of mission failure. The cost of each mission is calculated from the perspective of the end customer, and the long-term price of such services is computed using publicly available data and the assumption that the commercial space industry can be modelled as an oligopoly. Support for such a model is contained in the literature and through this research, which compares the quarterly financial data published by the Boeing Company against the international commercial launch rate. The probability of system failure associated with an MMET-based unconventional launch system must account for a number of factors. For the first, conventional stage of the system, assessing the probability of stage failure is found through an examination of observed failure rates relative to conventional engineering reliability estimates for conventional launch vehicles. Through this examination, a novel approach to calculating the rate at which the probability of failure for vehicles produced within a variant class changes as a function of time is presented, an approach that offers a valid technique for applying reliability growth across a series of vehicles that are best considered to be independent vehicles. The thesis goes on to present the results of research into various component aspects that are vital to the design and analysis of a tether-based system. First, the research explores the strength of tethers modelled as braided aramid ropes, which supports claims of strain dependence regarding aramid fibre strength that can have significant strength benefits and indicates that this phenomenon should be accounted for in any operational architecture. Second, the thesis presents an empirical hypervelocity impact effects equation calibrated for use with tethers, which indicates that the currently accepted approach to oblique hypervelocity impacts may not be appropriate for tether analyses. Thirdly, research into fractured impactor dispersion after a hypervelocity impact on tether targets is presented, which indicates that the commonly accepted one-impact- one-failure assumption employed for multi-line tether analyses may not be sufficient. TetherLife, an analytical program developed to calculate the expected lifetime of an MMET system given various sub-span parameters, employs the products of these research areas to calculate the mean time to failure for a range of tether sizes and orientations. After combining the probability of failure associated with the conventional launch vehicle component of the MMET-based unconventional launch system, the probability of failure associated with the MMET system, the probability or failure associated with handing a payload between systems, and the likely cost of deploying a suitable set of MMET systems, a comparison can be made between the financial risk associated with completing a specific mission using an MMET based unconventional launch system verses completion of the same mission using conventional means. For the LSM mission examined within the research, an MMET-based system would be a reasonable option if an average of 85 missions per year are required, contingent on specific analytical assumptions. While such a number of lunar supply missions are not currently required, the conclusion that the MMET system can be an alternative to a conventional system under various circumstances offers support for continuing current research on system design and analysis.
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Badami, Madhav Govind. "A multiple-objectives approach to address motorized two-wheeled vehicle emissions in Delhi, India." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61057.pdf.
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Hasegawa, Taku. "A wireless system with a motorized microdrive for neural recording in freely behaving animals." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199467.
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Wang, Nathan Philip. "Design and prototyping of a retrofittable motorized module for hand powered tricycles for Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45269.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 17).
Current wheelchair designs in developing countries create many difficulties for their users. In Kenya, wheelchair users are often unable to use public transportation, and thus are isolated and usually without work. This thesis outlines a feasible design for a retrofittable motorized module for a hand-powered tricycle produced and widely distributed throughout Kenya. There are many mobility aids that are similar to the Kenyan handcycle, which can also adapt the module design. By using this innovative module, users will be able to increase their range of travel and access areas where human-powered transport is not sufficient. This simple addition will improve the quality of life for the physically disabled user. This work will be presented to a wheelchair workshop summer 2008 in hopes to convert it into a feasible design for production. Increased reliable mobility will allow the disabled community in Kenya to apply for jobs, and even be afforded opportunities in micro-business for the first time. The design of the powertrain consists of a common motorized bicycle 2 hp engine and a two-stage gear reduction. The control system uses an analogous setup to that of a motorcycle. This control system is integrated into the layout of the chair. Three operation modes are possible with this design: hand-powered only, engine-powered only, or hand-powered with motor-assist.
by Nathan Philip Wang.
S.B.
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Harrill, Hunter. "Improving Cable Logging Operations for New Zealand’s Steep Terrain Forest Plantations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9923.
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Cable logging will become more important as harvesting shifts to greater annual proportions on steep terrain in New Zealand. The costs of cable logging are considerably higher than that of conventional ground-based methods. Improving cost-effectiveness has been identified as key to ensuring the forestry industry remains cost competitive in the international market. This thesis focuses on ways to better understand and improve cable logging methods by specifically focusing on rigging configurations. The investigation was conducted through a comprehensive literature review, an industry survey to establish current use and preferences, a Delphi survey with experts to establish actual advantages and disadvantages, scale model testing to establish some fundamental knowledge of tension to deflection relationship, and finally a series of targeted case studies to establish both productivity and skyline tension in actual operations. Each of these aspects of the research topic employed different methodology.
The literature review highlighted the most relevant research relating to cable logging world-wide spanning nearly a century. Various research papers, manuals, books and computer software were summarized. While many aspects of cable yarding operations have been investigated, much of it focusing on various aspects of operational efficiency through case studies, there is very limited information with regard to rigging configurations. The survey of 50 cable logging practitioners determined what rigging configurations were commonly used in New Zealand. It includes their perceived advantages and disadvantages for varying levels of deflection, but also for specific scenarios such as pulling away from native forest boundaries and flying logs over a stream. Results showed that there were many conflicting perceptions about rigging configuration options.
Using an expert panel, a Delphi process was used to derive consensus on what advantages were truly unique to each configuration. This allowed the longer lists of perceived advantages from the industry survey to be pared down to a concise list of ad/disadvantages that will be used in the updating of the Best Practice Guidelines for Cable Logging.
To increase our fundamental understanding of tension / payload / deflection relationships, an experiment was conducted in a controlled environment. Using a model yarder in a lab and continuous tension and video recording devices, the dynamic skyline behavior of three similar configurations were tested: North Bend, South Bend and Block in the Bight. The tensions were compared by use of a two-way analysis of variance, which indicated configuration and choker length were significant variables in some but not all of the dynamic load tests. Results also showed that some configurations performed better than others in minimizing the shock loads due to dropping into full suspension, impact with ground objects, and breakout during bridling.
Finally, a series of eight studies were conducted on targeted logging operations where relevant stand and terrain parameters were related to the continuous skyline tension monitoring, and recording of productivity through time study. The three targeted configurations included (1) North Bend, (2) Standing skyline using a motorized slack-pulling carriage and (3) a live skyline using a motorized grapple carriage.
Results showed that peak and average tensions, as well as amplification factors and the payload to tension relationship, varied between configurations. The study also showed that tensions could be collected to compute measures of payload and tension efficiency, which provided insight into operational performance. The safe working load was exceeded in 53% of all cycles studied and across seven of eight study sites and 14 of 16 spans. Cycle times were significantly different between rigging configurations and that production information could be used to compute measures of labor and energy consumption as well as payload and tension efficiency; which also provide insight into operational performance.
The industry should give serious consideration to the use of tension monitors. Tension monitors have many benefits and have the potential to improve cable logging operations in New Zealand. Monitoring tensions can help one learn new techniques or methods (i.e. rigging configurations), help improve payload analysis software for future planning and help evaluate new technology and machinery.
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Dunn, Taylor B. "Development of an Improved Medical Transport Device: Stair Chair." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1303407927.
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Carvalho, Cristiane Silva de [UNESP]. "A inserção do transporte não motorizado no planejamento urbano dos municípios da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140299.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A partir da promulgação da Lei da Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana em 2012, a gestão da mobilidade urbana no Brasil passou a enfrentar novos desafios quanto ao seu planejamento de curto, médio e longo prazos. Entre eles está a integração dos diferentes modos de transporte dos municípios: público, privado e não motorizado (art. 24 da Lei n°12.587/ 2012). Com o intuito de potencializar o uso dos transportes não motorizados no Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte, buscou-se identificar e analisar os pontos críticos da inserção dos transportes não motorizados no planejamento urbano dos municípios da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte (RMVPLN). Para tanto foram entrevistados os responsáveis pelos transportes não motorizados de 11 municípios da RMVPLN usando um roteiro de entrevista e um questionário com perguntas fechadas. Com base nas respostas se avaliou como os municípios contemplam os transportes não motorizados em sua gestão e planejamento. Após esta análise, por meio do modelo Fuzzy de Programação por Metas e Análise por Envoltória de Dados foi possível avaliar a eficiência relativa da gestão dos transportes não motorizados dos municípios estudados. Os resultados deste trabalho indicaram a falta de uma análise sistêmica e integral das ações e/ou iniciativas que facilitem o uso dos transportes não motorizados na Região Metropolitana estudada. Também se destacaram quais são os principais determinantes que influenciam o uso dos transportes não motorizados na região estudada e os municípios que apresentam maior eficiência relativa na gestão do mesmo.
From enactment of Law of the Urban Mobility National Policy in 2012, the urban mobility management in Brazil started to face new challenges regarding its planning of short, medium and long-term. Among them it is the integration of the different transport modes of the cities: public, private and non-motorized (article 24 of the Law No. 12.587/2012). Aiming to potentiate the use of non-motorized transports in Vale do Paraíba and Litoral Norte, we sought to identify and analyze the critical points of the insertion of the non-motorized transports in the urban planning of cities of the Metropolitan Region of the Vale do Paraíba and Litoral Norte (RMVPLN). For this, we interview the responsible people by non-motorized transports of 11 cities of the RMVPLN using in the interview script and a questionnaire with closed questions. Based on answers, we assessed how the cities address the non-motorized transports in their management and planning. After this analysis, through the model Fuzzy Goal Programming and Data Envelopment Analysis was possible to assess the relative efficiency of the nonmotorized transport management of the cities studied. The results of this work indicated the lack of a systemic and integral analysis of the measures and/or initiatives that make easier the use of the non-motorized transports in the Metropolitan Region studied. We also can highlight which are the main determinants that influence the use of the non-motorized transports in the region studied and cities that have higher relative efficiency in management of the same.
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Cevada, Caroline Muñoz. "Avaliação para o uso da bicicleta: estudo de caso do Campus I da UFPB e seu entorno imediato." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8304.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The main objective of this work is to evaluate the bicycle as an alternative to improving the urban mobility, taking as a case study the Campus I of UFPB. For the development of research, focused on three methodological steps: referential research, physical, environmental and urban mobility diagnosis, and user profile (current and potential) of the bicycle. Several methodological techniques in extensive field work, due to lack of data about the study object focusing on the bike were used. From the applied methodology, it was observed that in terms of physical infrastructure of the campus, the bicycle is not contemplated as a means of transport, presenting only few paraciclos by the territory and no other facilitation the displacement of the bicycle. Currently it was revealed that there is demand for cyclists across campus, and several respondents stated interest in change in other modes of transport for the use of bicycles. It is concluded that there are several possibilities of incentives and increase of demand for bikers on campus, mainly in the case of addition to the infrastructural system of urban mobility for the bike. In order to maximize the use of bicycles in the subject matter, it was proposed two moments of action for implementation of cycling infrastructure and a stock frame for improvements to bicycle use, described by short, medium and long term. It is considered that this dissertation collaborated to the indication points to consider for the urban planning of the campus in order to prioritize the bicycle as a means of transport.
O objetivo principal desta dissertação é avaliar a bicicleta como alternativa para a melhoria da mobilidade urbana, tendo como estudo de caso o Campus I da UFPB. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, focou-se em três etapas metodológicas: pesquisa referencial, diagnóstico físico, ambiental e de mobilidade urbana, e perfil do usuário (atual e possível) da bicicleta. Foram utilizadas várias técnicas metodológicas em extenso trabalho de campo, devido à falta de dados sobre o objeto de estudo com foco na bicicleta. A partir da metodologia aplicada, observou-se que em termos de infraestrutura física do campus, a bicicleta ainda não é contemplada como meio de transporte, apresentando apenas alguns paraciclos pelo território e nenhuma outra facilitação ao deslocamento da bicicleta. Atualmente foi revelado que existe demanda de ciclistas pelo campus, e vários entrevistados declararam interesse em mudança de outros modos de transporte para o uso da bicicleta. Conclui-se que existem várias possibilidades de inccentivo e aumento da demanda de ciclistas no campus, principalmente tratando-se de complementar o sistema infraestrutural de mobilidade urbana para a bicicleta. Com vistas de potencializar o uso da bicicleta no objeto de estudo, foram propostos dois momentos de ação para implementação de infraestrutura cicloviária e um quadro de ações para melhorias ao uso da bicicleta, descritos por curto, médio e longo prazo. Considera-se que esta dissertação colaborou para a indicação de pontos a serem considerados para o planejamento urbano do campus, a fim de priorizar a bicicleta como meio de transporte.
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Yuassa, Vanessa Naomi. "Impacto da hierarquia viária orientada para o automóvel no nível de serviço de modos não motorizados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-15052008-084930/.
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O objetivo desse trabalho é a verificação da hipótese de que, ao se basear na hierarquia viária direcionada ao automóvel, as estratégias de planejamento urbano e de transportes vigentes produzem impactos negativos no nível de serviço de outros modos de transporte, sobretudo os modos não motorizados. O método proposto, aplicado em um estudo de caso realizado na cidade de São Carlos, no estado de São Paulo, envolveu três etapas: (1) caracterização dos níveis de serviço das redes urbanas em análise para os modos a pé, bicicleta e automóvel; (2) análise exploratória dos resultados obtidos na etapa inicial através de geração de mapas e gráficos; e (3) comparação detalhada dos valores obtidos. Foram selecionadas cinco áreas de diferentes níveis de renda para o estudo de caso. Em cada uma delas foram identifi-cados diferentes tipos de vias (local, coletora, radial, estrutural e perimetral), e sele-cionados segmentos para compor uma amostra de 30% da extensão total das vias. A primeira atividade exigiu o desenvolvimento e adaptação de metodologias para a avaliação do nível de serviço dos modos considerados no estudo. Mais de trezentos e cinqüenta segmentos de vias foram examinados. Os resultados obtidos na análise exploratória apontaram que inúmeros segmentos com altos valores de NS para o modo automóvel tinham baixos valores de NS para o modo a pé, o que em princípio confirma a hipótese inicial. As análises detalhadas deram suporte a essa avaliação. No entanto, elas se restringiram às vias locais, o que aponta para a necessidade de estudos complementares nos demais tipos de vias.The objective of this work is to verify the hypothesis that the current urban and transportation planning strategies based on the auto-oriented street hierarchy produce negative impacts on the level of service of other transportation modes, particularly the non-motorized modes. The proposed method, which was applied in a case study in the city of São Carlos, in the state of São Paulo, involved three steps: (1) the characterization of the level of service for pedestrians, bicycles and automobiles in the urban networks under analyses; (2) an exploratory analysis of the results obtained in the first step through maps and graphs; (3) a detailed comparison of the values found. Five areas with different income levels were selected for the case study. In each one of them five types of streets were identified (local streets, collector streets, minor arterials or radial streets, principal arterials or structural streets, and perimetral streets) and a sample of street segments covering 30% of the total length of the streets was selected. The first activity required the development and adaptation of methodologies for the assessment of the level of service of the transportation modes considered in the study. Over three hundred and fifty street segments were examined. The results obtained in the exploratory analyses have shown that several street segments with high values of level of service for the automobile had low values of level service for the pedestrians, thus confirming the initial hypothesis. The detailed analyses conducted in the sequence supported that observation. However, they were conducted only for the local streets, what indicates the need of further studies in the other types of streets.
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Steffen, Katherine. "Correlating Inducible Gene Response in Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Motorized Boat Traffic in Sierra Nevada Lakes." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111085709.
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Onishi, Viviane Leão da Silva. "Percepção dos gestores escolares sobre a utilização da caminhada para acesso à escola." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7781.
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Brazil's cities in recent decades have a predominance of car use as children's mode of transport to school. In carrying out the route home-school by motorized modes children practice less physical activity to the detriment of health. Policies developed in schools can play an important role in determining how students travel to school. In this context, this research aims to identify the factors that influence the perception of managers about using the walk to access the school. The focuses of the research are the municipal and private elementary schools 1. The case study was conducted in the city of São José do Rio Preto. Data collection was carried out with the school managers (directors, coordinators and teachers) through questionnaires on travel behavior of the students, information on any activities at school to teach students to behave in traffic, opinions of management on the relationship between physical activity and health of children, children's ability to to walk to school, the barriers surrounding the school and attitude of managers regarding the use of different modes of transport and the impact of vehicle traffic in urban . The results showed that the estimation of directors and coordinators on the modes of transport used by students does not differ from a survey conducted by teachers significantly, and in private schools motorized individual transport is the most used by students and public schools over half of students walk or use public transportation to school. It was found that the traffic behavior on teaching is applied in all schools, although the directors and coordinators are more likely to say that the activities are carried out in your school. The school managers have a positive perception of the importance of physical activity, with acceptance rates above 90%. There is no consensus about the best age and abilities of children to make safe decisions alone and analysis on the perception of managers of barriers around the schools that may hinder access to foot it was found that about half of the managers have positive about the quality of the environment around the schools, but other managers have indifferent opinion about the quality of the environment. Regarding the use of different modes of transport it was observed that attitudes regarding the use of buses are in general negative, more than half of managers are indifferent to automobile use and favorable to the use of the walk. In the manager's attitude regarding the impact of vehicle traffic in urban areas the vast majority of managers are concerned about the impact of traffic on the environment. Perceptions regarding the active mobility should be worked through school policies to improve students' skills as pedestrians and through public policies to improve the environment in the school environment and encourage the use of active modes of transportation.
As cidades brasileiras nas ultimas décadas vem apresentando um predomínio do uso do automóvel como modo de transporte das crianças para a escola. Ao realizarem o percurso casa-escola por modos motorizados as crianças praticam menos atividades físicas com prejuízo para a saúde. Políticas desenvolvidas nas escolas podem desempenhar um papel importante na determinação do modo como os estudantes viajam para a escola. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa visa identificar quais os fatores que influenciam na percepção dos gestores sobre a utilização da caminhada para acesso a escola. O foco da pesquisa são as escolas municipais e particulares de ensino fundamental 1. O estudo de caso foi realizado na cidade de São José do Rio Preto. A coleta de dados foi realizada junto aos gestores escolares (diretores, coordenadores e professores) através de questionários sobre comportamento de viagem dos alunos da escola, informações sobre eventuais atividades desenvolvidas na escola para ensinar aos alunos com se comportar no trânsito, opiniões dos gestores sobre o relacionamento entre atividades físicas e saúde das crianças, a habilidade das crianças para caminharem até a escola, as barreiras existentes no entorno da escola e atitude dos gestores com relação à utilização dos diferentes modos de transporte e ao impacto do tráfego de veículos no meio urbano. Os resultados mostraram que a estimativa dos diretores e coordenadores sobre os modos de transporte utilizados pelos alunos não difere significativamente do levantamento realizado pelos professores, sendo que nas escolas privadas o transporte individual motorizado é o mais utilizado pelos alunos e nas escolas públicas mais da metade dos alunos caminham ou utilizam o transporte coletivo para a escola. Verificou-se que o ensino sobre comportamento no trânsito é aplicado em todas as escolas, embora os diretores e coordenadores sejam mais propensos a afirmar que as atividades são realizadas em sua escola. Os gestores escolares têm percepção positiva sobre a importância da atividade física, com taxas de aceitação acima de 90%. Não há um consenso sobre a melhor idade e as habilidades das crianças para tomar decisões seguras sozinhas e nas análises sobre a percepção dos gestores das barreiras existentes no entorno das escolas que podem dificultar o acesso a pé constatou-se que cerca da metade dos gestores tem opinião positiva sobre a qualidade do ambiente no entorno das escolas, porém os demais gestores possuem opinião indiferente quanto a qualidade do ambiente. Com relação à utilização dos diferentes modos de transporte observou-se que as atitudes com relação ao uso do ônibus são em geral negativas, mais da metade dos gestores são indiferentes ao uso do automóvel e são favoráveis às caminhada. Na atitude do gestor com relação ao impacto do tráfego de veículos no meio urbano a grande maioria dos gestores é preocupada com o impacto do tráfego no meio ambiente. As percepções com relação à mobilidade ativa devem ser trabalhadas através de políticas escolares para melhorar as habilidades dos alunos quanto pedestres e através de políticas públicas para melhorar o ambiente no entorno escolar e incentivar o uso dos modos ativos de transporte.
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Junior, Ertal de Vasconcelos Oliveira. "Mobilidade urbana sustentável em Francisco Beltrão : uma cidade de porte médio do Paraná." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6736.
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UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
Apresentar um diagnóstico com sugestões para implantação de políticas para a mobilidade sustentável em cidades de médio porte é o objetivo da presente pesquisa. As sugestões aqui colocadas intencionam a reestruturação do sistema de trânsito e de transporte, promovendo a inclusão social, priorizando para curtas e médias distâncias os modos a pé e bicicleta e para as distâncias maiores o transporte coletivo. Assim sendo, surge um conjunto de proposições com o intuito de alterar os padrões de mobilidade existentes, transformando-o dentro de uma lógica de sustentabilidade. Contudo, a principal contribuição deste estudo encontra-se no emprego de estratégias de mobilidade para cidades de médio porte, valorizando prioritariamente pedestres, ciclistas e usuários de transporte coletivo. Faz-se uso da pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa e estudo de caso. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os usuários do transporte público motorizado, não motorizado (ciclistas) e com portadores de necessidades especiais que usam o transporte coletivo. A amostra escolhida respondeu a um questionário estruturado com questões que objetivam identificar sua percepção em relação ao transporte utilizado. Também foram feitas entrevistas com portadores de necessidades especiais que utilizam o transporte coletivo, sendo utilizada a sede da ADFVFB, (Associação dos Deficientes Físicos e Visuais de Francisco Beltrão. As entrevistas direcionadas aos usuários da Ciclovia foram feitas com o Grupo de Ciclistas Pedala Beltrão. Cerca de 61% dos entrevistados não possui veículo próprio e necessitam de transporte coletivo para se deslocar no município; 58% avaliam como regulares as condições gerais do transporte público do município. A principal dificuldade encontrada no passeio público é para 34% dos entrevistados: a segurança, depois vem 25% que destacam ser a má conservação das calçadas, seguido por 18% que apontam a má sinalização para pedestres. Uma das maiores dificuldades de acessibilidade e mobilidade na cidade de Francisco Beltrão para o presidente da ADFVFB é o acesso, principalmente no comércio e em muitos órgãos públicos. E agora, uma outra grande dificuldade que vem surgindo atualmente é com relação a moradias, visto que não existem muitas opções de residências acessíveis para pessoas com deficiência, seja ela motora ou sensorial, no caso, visual ou auditiva. Ao final, o estudo apresentou sugestão de reestruturação do sistema de trânsito e de transporte, promovendo a inclusão social, priorizando para curtas e médias distâncias os modos a pé e bicicleta e para as distâncias maiores o transporte coletivo; ampliando o número de rotas do transporte coletivo; melhorando a qualidade do transporte coletivo; incentivando o uso de modos não motorizados; adaptando ruas para pedestres e cadeirantes e quadras em escala humana para incentivar o fluxo de pessoas; integrando o transporte de bicicleta com o transporte coletivo, entre outros.
To present a diagnosis with suggestions for implementing policies for sustainable mobility in medium-sized cities is the objective of this research. The suggestions put forward here intend to restructure the transit and transport system, promoting social inclusion, prioritizing for short and medium distances the modes on foot and bicycle and for the greater distances collective transportation. Thus, a set of propositions arises with the intention of changing the existing mobility patterns, transforming it within a logic of sustainability. However, the main contribution of this study is the use of mobility strategies for midsize cities, with priority being given to pedestrians, cyclists and users of public transport. We use qualitative and quantitative research and case study. Interviews were conducted with users of motorized, non-motorized public transport (cyclists) and with special needs users using public transport. The sample selected answered a questionnaire structured with questions that aim to identify their perception in relation to the transportation used. Interviews were also conducted with people with special needs who use public transport, and the headquarters of the ADFVFB (Association of Physically and Visually Impaired People of Francisco Beltrão) were used. The interviews directed to Ciclovia users were made with the Pedala Beltrão Cyclists Group. About 61% of the interviewees do not own their own vehicles and need public transportation to travel in the municipality, 58% evaluate how to regulate the general conditions of public transportation in the municipality. , Followed by 25%, which stands out due to the poor conservation of the sidewalks, followed by 18% of bad signposts for pedestrians. One of the biggest difficulties of accessibility and mobility in the city of Francisco Beltrão for the president of ADFVFB is access, mainly in commerce and In many public bodies. And now another major difficulty that is currently emerging is with regard to housing, there are not many options for affordable housing for people with disabilities, whether it is motor or sensory, in the visual or auditory case. At the end, the study presented a suggestion for the restructuring of the transit and transportation system, promoting social inclusion, prioritizing for short and medium distances the modes on foot and bicycle and for the greater distances collective transportation; Increasing the number of collective transportation routes; Improving the quality of collective transportation; Encouraging the use of non-motorized modes; Adapting streets for pedestrians and wheelchairs and blocks on a human scale to encourage the flow of people; Integrate bicycle transport with public transportation, among others.
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Lanziotti, Thiago Maioli. "Avaliação de métodos multiescala de análise urbana para implementar sistemas cicloviários." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5979.
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A proposição de sistemas de mobilidade para bicicletas tornou-se foco nos últimos anos devido aos problemas de deslocamento apresentados nas grandes cidades. Assim, a presente pesquisa buscou explorar métodos de avaliação do espaço urbano em diferentes escalas, a fim de verificar a aplicabilidade conjunta de tais metodologias com o intuito de uma leitura mais eficaz da cidade, servindo de subsídio ao planejador urbano na proposição de estruturas destinadas aos modais não motorizados. Buscou-se avaliar quais metodologias, qualitativas e quantitativas, aplicadas em conjunto, podem subsidiar o planejamento do transporte não motorizado. A pesquisa dividiu-se em três partes, cada uma referenciando uma escala de leitura do espaço urbano. A aplicação das metodologias em diversas escalas serviu de subsídio para a definição de áreas a serem avaliadas, em que o recorte iniciou-se na escala de cidade e finalizou na escala local, passando pela escala de bairro. A leitura do espaço urbano utilizando diversas escalas possibilitou melhor compreensão da área urbana como um todo e os aspectos que induzem os usuários a utilizarem os modais não motorizados, principalmente a bicicleta. As metodologias selecionadas demonstraram ser de fácil operacionalização e apresentaram sinergia na aplicação conjunta. Como resultados, a presente pesquisa elencou três metodologias, sintaxe espacial (escala de cidade), descentralidade urbana (escala de bairro) e nível de serviço qualitativo (escala local). Essas aplicadas conjuntamente, apresentaram como resultados a possibilidade de leitura do ambiente urbano similares aos estudos tradicionais. A sintaxe espacial indicou os eixos de maior conectividade e maior movimento de pessoas, já através da descentralidade foi possível definir o poder de atração de usuários para determinado local e o nível de serviço qualitativo possibilitou a avaliação da infraestrutura existente assim como a urbanidade do local. Este conjunto tornou o processo de estudo mais dinâmico em relação ao tempo desprendido pelas aplicações tradicionais, o que reflete nos custos operacionais para a produção de planos urbanísticos destinados aos modais não motorizados.
The propositionmobility systems proposition for bicycles has become a focus in recent years due to displacement problems presented in major cities. Threffore, the present study sought to explore urban space evaluation methods in different scales in order to verify the joint applicability of such methodologies in order to more effectively read the city, serving as a subsidy to the urban planner in structures proposition aimed at non-motorized modes. It was sought to assess which methods, qualitative and quantitative, applied together, could support the planning of non-motorized transport. The research was divided into three parts, each one referencing a reading scale of urban space. The application of methodologies in many scales served for defining areas to be evaluated, in that the cutting began in the scale of the city and finished on a local scale, through the neighborhood scale. Reading the urban space using different scales allow better understanding of the urban area as a whole and the aspects that induce users to use the non-motorized modes, especially the bicycle. The methodologies selected proved easy operation and showed synergy in the joint application. As a result, this research has listed three methodologies, space syntax (city scale), urban centerlessness (neighborhood level) and qualitative level of service (local scale). These applied jointly presented results as the possibility of reading the urban environment similar to traditional studies. The space syntax indicated the axes of greater connectivity and greater people movement, already through centerlessness was possible to define the power of user attraction to a certain place and the level of quality service has enabled the assessment of the existing infrastructure as well as the urbanity of the place. This set has the more dynamic process of study in relation to loose time by traditional applications, which reflects the operational costs for the production of urban plans for non-motorized modes.
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Rosa, Fernanda Duarte. "Fatores que influenciam na opção do modo de transporte de crianças para a escola." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4306.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-22Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
In the late years, the number of children who go to school by active modes of transport has decreased significantly. This fact causes several problems both in the area of urban transport (creating traffic congestions and accidents in the school neighborhood during the periods of starting and finishing classes) and in the area of public health (increasing the indices of child obesity). In this context, the objective of this research is to identify which factors influence the mode choice of elementary school children to access the schools. The focus of the research are the public elementary schools, because the geographic area that these schools traditionally serve (neighborhoods) permits that the trips be made by non motorized modes, for a great fraction of the students. The case study was developed in the city of São Carlos, SP with students that attend Municipal Elementary Schools. The survey was carried with the students´ parents by means of questionnaires about the children s personal characteristics, as well as their perception of the route from the residence to the school. The data showed that several factors influence the mode choice for the children trip to school, like the perception of safety and security in the neighborhood, the automobile availability in the residence, the parents habits and culture in relation to the motorized modes of transport and the distance for the residence to the school (the factor that proved to have the strongest impact in the parents decision). The discrete choice models were chosen for the estimation of the modal choice because they are largely used in transportation studies. Among the models that were tested, the multinomial logit was the most adequate. The calibrated model showed satisfactory and significant results, demonstrating that the chosen approach is adequate to the analysis of the mode choice for the trips of children to school.
Nos últimos anos, o número de crianças que vão por modos ativos para a escola vem diminuindo significativamente. Este fato causa problemas tanto na área de transporte urbano, (gerando congestionamentos e acidentes na região das escolas nos horários de entrada e saída) como na área de saúde pública (aumentando os índices de obesidade infantil). Neste contexto, esta pesquisa visa identificar quais os fatores que influenciam na opção de modo de transporte para acesso das crianças à escola. O foco da pesquisa são as escolas de ensino público fundamental porque a área geográfica que estas escolas tradicionalmente servem (bairros) permite que as viagens se dêem por modos não motorizados, para uma grande parcela dos alunos. O estudo de caso foi realizado na cidade de São Carlos, SP, junto aos alunos de Escolas Municipais de Ensino Básico (EMEBs). A coleta de dados foi realizada junto aos pais dos alunos através de questionários sobre características pessoais das crianças, bem como a percepção do ambiente a ser percorrido no caminho casa-escola. Os dados demonstraram que vários fatores influenciam a escolha do modo de transporte das crianças para a escola, como a percepção de seguridade e segurança do bairro, a disponibilidade de automóveis nas residências, os hábitos e a cultura dos pais em relação ao uso de modos motorizados e a distância casa-escola (fator de maior impacto na decisão dos pais). Para estimativa do modelo de opção modal, optou-se pelo uso de modelos de escolha discreta, devido ao fato de este modelo ser largamente utilizado para estudos na área de transportes. Dentre os modelos testados, o modelo logit multinomial se mostrou mais adequado. O modelo calibrado apresentou resultados satisfatórios e significativos, demonstrando que a abordagem utilizada é adequada à análise da escolha modal para viagens de crianças para a escola.
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Pereira, Cristiano José. "Interdita liberdade em Duas Rodas: juventude e desenvolvimento da indústria motociclística no Brasil (1974-2000)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-12092013-122057/.
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A presente Tese de Doutorado possui, como objetivo principal, trabalhar a questão da juventude menorista impedida de dirigir legalmente pelo Estado veículos motorizados de duas rodas, inserida como consumidora na formação da indústria motociclística brasileira. A periodização da presente Tese começa em 1974, que marca da entrada da Yamaha, primeira indústria japonesa do ramo de duas rodas no Brasil, e 2000, último ano do século XX. O ano de 1974 também marca o início da publicação da revista especializada em motocicletas DUAS RODAS, periódico publicado até os presentes dias, o qual se constitui como principal fonte para compreendermos a história do motociclismo nacional no período. O Estado, principalmente após a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), em 1990, delimitou os parâmetros que a sociedade brasileira deveria, necessariamente, respeitar em relação aos menores de idade. O conjunto da legislação brasileira foi, no período 1974- 2000, conscientemente desobedecido por membros da chamada \"nata motorizada\", que exerceu o seu poder de consumo, com o apoio tácito da indústria brasileira, para a utilização de veículos motorizados de duas rodas pela juventude menorista no século XX. O presente trabalho documenta a nossa iniciativa em defender a tese de que a juventude menorista foi impedida de dirigir legalmente veículos motorizados de duas rodas no Brasil no período entre 1974-2000, devido, principalmente, à burocracia lotada nos Departamentos de Trânsito, que não desejava a presença de menores de idade motorizados nas ruas. Esta burocracia, que possuía os chamados \"gestores incontestes\", associava esses menores de idade nas ruas à desordem, subversão e desobediência às normas brasileiras de trânsito. A indústria brasileira de veículos de duas rodas, representada por uma entidade de classe, a Abraciclo, tomara a si a iniciativa de constituir-se como um grupo de pressão para conseguir do Estado a aprovação de uma legislação permissiva ao uso de ciclomotores à juventude menorista. Após a não aplicação da Resolução n. 50, de 1998, as indústrias brasileiras congregadas na Abraciclo praticamente abandonaram a luta com o Estado, que cedeu, não sem alívio, às pressões dos \"gestores incontestes\", membros de sua própria burocracia responsável pelo trânsito nacional, que utilizaram de sua posição privilegiada de \"especialistas\" para impor seu posicionamento frente à questão da juventude menorista usuários de veículos motorizados de duas rodas em âmbito urbano.This Doctoral Thesis has as main objective, to address the issue of youth legally barred from driving state-motorized two-wheel, inserted as a consumer in the formation of Brazilian motorcycling industry. The stages of this thesis begins in 1974, which marks the entrance to the Yamaha, the Japanese industry\'s first two-wheeler industry in Brazil, and 2000, the last year of the twentieth century. The year 1974 also marks the beginning of the publication of the magazine on motorcycles \"DUAS RODAS\", periodical published to the present day, which constitutes the main source for understanding the history of motorcycling in the national period. The state, especially after the enactment of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA) in 1990 delineated the parameters that Brazilian society should necessarily comply in relation to minors. The set of Brazilian legislation was, in the period 1974-2000, knowingly disobeyed by members of the \"motorized cream\", which exercised its power consumption, with the tacit support of the Brazilian industry for the use of motorized two-wheelers by youth in the twentieth century. This paper documents our initiative to defend the thesis that youth was legally barred from driving motorized two wheels in Brazil in the period 1974-2000, mainly due to bureaucracy crowded in Traffic Departments, who did not wish the presence of minors motorized street. This bureaucracy, which had called \"managers uncontested\", associating these underage street disorder, subversion and disobedience to traffic rules in Brazil. The Brazilian industry of two wheelers, represented by an entity class, Abraciclo, had taken upon themselves the initiative to establish itself as a pressure group to get state approval for permissive legislation the use of mopeds youth. After the non-implementation of Resolution. 50, 1998, Brazilian industries gathered in Abraciclo virtually abandoned the struggle with the state, which yielded, not without relief, the pressures of \"uncontested managers\", members of his own bureaucracy responsible for national traffic, who used his privileged position of \"experts\" to impose its position relative to the issue of youth users of motorized two wheelers in the urban context.
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Neri, Helen Carmem Ferreira Rebouças. "Transporte não motorizado: o uso da bicicleta e seu potencial no entorno da Universidade Federal do Amazonas- UFAM." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/317.
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-21Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The use of bicycle has been highlighting globally as alternative transportation, since the bikes have great potential for use in urban transport for the reduction of car, besides bringing benefits such as improving the quality of life of the user; improving the physical conditions; reduced environmental impact; improved accessibility for the cost / benefit; low maintenance cost; occupies less space on urban roads, and reduces maintenance costs of infrastructure. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the use of bicycles as a potentially viable means of transport in order to contribute to improving transit access to campus. The methodology consisted of a literature review on urban mobility and mobility by bicycle, followed by field research which was divided into two stages: the questionnaire and systematic evaluations (characterization of the road and study of soil (Worksheet observation), Cyclists count and behavioral map). The results confirmed the hypotheses is possible to improve urban mobility if located one cycling infrastructure surrounding the campus of the Federal University of Amazonas and the users of this campus join the bicycle as an alternative means of transport since, the bicycle is a fast and efficient mode of transport suitable for small displacements and facilitate the mobility of users residing in a relatively close distance, up to 5 km, the UFAM, softening the motor road flow helping in the flow of traffic.
O uso da bicicleta vem se destacando mundialmente como alternativa de transporte, visto que tem um grande potencial de uso como transportes urbanos diminuindo o uso de automóveis, além de trazer benefícios como: melhoria da qualidade de vida do usuário; melhoria das suas condições físicas; impacto ambiental reduzido; maior acessibilidade pelo custo/benefício; baixo custo de manutenção; ocupar menor espaço nas vias urbanas e, reduzir os gastos com manutenção da infraestrutura. Diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da bicicleta como um meio de transporte potencialmente viável de modo a contribuir com a melhoria do trânsito no acesso ao campus. A metodologia consistiu em revisão de literatura sobre a mobilidade urbana e o gerenciamento de mobilidade enfatizando o uso da bicicleta, seguida por pesquisa de campo que foi dividida em duas etapas: o questionário e as observações sistemáticas (caracterização da infraestrutura viária [Planilha de observação], Contagem de Ciclistas e o mapa comportamental). Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses é possível melhorar a mobilidade urbana se for implantada uma infraestrutura cicloviária no entorno do campus da Universidade Federal do Amazonas e os usuários deste campus aderirem a bicicleta como uma alternativa de meio de transporte uma vez que, a bicicleta é um modo de transporte rápido e eficiente indicado para pequenos deslocamentos e facilitaria a mobilidade dos usuários que residem em uma distância relativamente próxima, até 5 km, à UFAM, amenizando o fluxo viário motorizado ajudando no escoamento do trânsito.
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Tzempelikos, Athanassios. "A methodology for detailed calculation of illuminance levels and light dimming factors in a room with motorized blinds integrated in an advanced window." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59299.pdf.
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Okulu, Senem Gokce. "Non-motorized Transport For Mobility Planning In City Centres: An Assesment Of Opportunities For Transforming Ankara, Tunali Hilmi Street Into A Pedestrian-friendly Area." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609057/index.pdf.
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Car dependency which corresponds to excessive and inappropriate usage of
the car itself is becoming a major problem all around the world. It shapes
urban areas in such a way that the overall urban form as well as individual
activities all develop to accommodate cars. However, introducing nonmotorized
modes is seen as a remedy to overcome the car
dependency. It offers a chance for retrieving healthy urban
environments and healthy social lives and also for
revitalizing/enhancing public spaces in cities. This means increasing
the quality and quantity of pedestrian areas which have been
receiving increasing emphasis all around the world. In this thesis, it is
intended to show that pedestrianization can be, and should be, a valid
transport policy in growing metropolitan areas that are becoming more and
more car-oriented, such as Ankara. As a case study, this study assesses
potentials and possibilities for creating a pedestrian environment in Ankara,
Tunali Hilmi Street. To do so, detailed pedestrian surveys/analyses including
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pedestrian counts, pedestrian movement analysis, pedestrian static analysis
and pedestrian space analysis throughout the street and questionnaires with
potential stakeholders including pedestrians, shop-owners and taxi-drivers
are carried out. Through these analyses, it is assessed whether Tunali Hilmi
Street is suitable for such an arrangement in terms of pedestrianization or
not. As a result, this thesis makes an emphasis on non-motorization and
pedestrianization as a method of preventing increasing car-oriented
arrangements and revitalizing city centre for the case of Tunali Hilmi Street.
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Campbell, Dylan. "Where infrastructure alone is not enough: developing well-functioning non-motorized transport with a focus on cycling in the 'Northern-Inner' district of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23037.
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Post-apartheid Cape Town is characterized largely by a sprawling and inequitable city form. Well-located land within the city tends to be expensive, and as a result the majority of poor residents have to travel long and time-consuming distances to employment opportunities, often spending close to half their monthly income on commuting. Current development patterns largely perpetuate this situation. Whilst non-motorized transport (NMT) often presents as a potentially equitable and efficient form of mobility, the context of long distance commuting coupled with a lack of NMT-specific connected infrastructure within metropolitan Cape Town is not conducive to NMT. The challenges and corresponding Interventions required to enable wellfunctioning NMT within cities broadly, and within the City of Cape Town in particular were explored through a variety of literature drawing on precedent from around the world, a review of NMT-related policy, and interviews with city officials and NGOs involved in promoting NMT. These challenges and interventions were then investigated in a particular context, namely the 'Northern inner' district of Cape Town, whereafter specific interventions were proposed. Key findings regarding the implementation of well-functioning NMT (and cycling in particular) indicate that there are a number of interconnected factors that need to be considered beyond the provision of NMT-specific infrastructure. At the metropolitan level, by developing high-density affordable housing opportunities in well-located areas, more compact environments with increased proximity between origins and destinations can be created. Such environments are far better suited to NMT. This can in turn begin to address the inequitable and inefficient current city form. NMT-specific infrastructure is of course very important in all NMT-enabling development (and particularly for cycling), and as such the equitable provision of NMT-prioritized intersections, paths and lanes in relation to infrastructure for motorized transport are very important. Finally, intermodal linkages between NMT and public transport, crime reduction through strategic placement and design of NMT infrastructure, and promotion of visibility and awareness of the value of NMT through public awareness campaigns constitute broader required interventions to enable well-functioning NMT. Regarding implementation, given the multiple interconnected factors involved in creating well-functioning NMT, it is important that the proposed interventions take place simultaneously, through an integrated inter-departmental approach.
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Williamson, Max W. "Measuring the Sustainability of U.S. Public Bicycle Systems." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1574.
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As cities worldwide plan for increasing urbanization levels, new challenges in mobility will arise. Any approach taken to address these new issues will need to consider how to move more people with declining resources, thus the need for a sustainable solution arises. This thesis examines the growing trend of cities creating public bicycle systems as a means to add sustainability to a transportation system and identifies what are the criteria and indicators of a sustainable public bicycle. The criteria and indicators are used to examine data collection techniques of three Public Bicycle Systems in the United States: Capital Bikeshare in Washington, D.C., Nice Ride in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Denver B-Cycle in Denver, Colorado.
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Karlsson, Karl-Johan. "Experimental study of how a motorized lower spray arm affects energy usage, wash result and sound level in a household dishwasher : A 3-level full factorial design investigating the effects of water pressure, rotational velocity and wash time." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85622.
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As the energy efficiency of dishwashers continuously improves, differentmanufacturers need to find new innovative solutions to further improve thedishwashers. To do so one can divide the areas of improvement into 4 parameters,water temperature, washing time, chemical treatment and mechanical processing.In this thesis the focus lies on the mechanical processing and the washing time. The conventional spray arm of today's dishwashers sets its rotational velocitythrough the water pressure. To step away from this ASKO Appliances AB hasdeveloped a prototype with a motorized lower spray arm. The purpose of this studyis therefore to investigate how the motorized spray arm performs in terms of energyusage, wash results and sound. This when altering the factors water pressure,rotational velocity and washing time. To get reliable results with the least amount of tests, the methodology of Design ofExperiments was used through the software MODDE 7. A 3-level full factorialdesign was chosen. The three factors were varied in three levels -1, 0, 1 and fiveextra centerpoints were added resulting in a test schedule of 32 tests. To measurethe wash result a soiling method and an evaluation method was developed. Theresults of the executed test schedule was analysed through MODDEs in-builtregression model Multiple Linear Regression. The analysed test results showed that the wash time was the dominant factor forboth energy usage and wash result and the second most dominant factor was waterpressure. The rotational velocity had little to no effect on the energy usage and asmall effect on the wash result at a low water pressure but increasing effect for ahigher water pressure. The measured sound values were constant over time andincreased with both increased water pressure and rotational velocity. The optimalrunning conditions regarding wash result was investigated using MODDE and thentested. The optimal rotational velocity was the setting 1, the highest level, for allthree time settings. The optimal water pressure was in the mid to high region, andincreased with increasing wash time. The results from the three optimum tests for the prototype were then compared totests with a conventional dishwasher with a pressure driven spray arm. Theconventional dishwasher was runned with its normal running conditions for thethree different time settings. The prototype achieved a similar wash result as theconventional machine for the time setting -1 but slightly better for the time setting0 and 1. The energy usage for the prototype was a doubling of the conventionalmachines energy usage. The sound measurements were excluded due to muffelingdifferences between the machines
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Chaney, Robert A. "Active transportation prediction using Theory of Planned Behavior among college students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1357659177.
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Carvalho, Cristiane Silva de. "A inserção do transporte não motorizado no planejamento urbano dos municípios da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte /." Guaratinguetá, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140299.
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Orientador: Maurício César DelamaroResumo: A partir da promulgação da Lei da Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana em 2012, a gestão da mobilidade urbana no Brasil passou a enfrentar novos desafios quanto ao seu planejamento de curto, médio e longo prazos. Entre eles está a integração dos diferentes modos de transporte dos municípios: público, privado e não motorizado (art. 24 da Lei n°12.587/ 2012). Com o intuito de potencializar o uso dos transportes não motorizados no Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte, buscou-se identificar e analisar os pontos críticos da inserção dos transportes não motorizados no planejamento urbano dos municípios da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte (RMVPLN). Para tanto foram entrevistados os responsáveis pelos transportes não motorizados de 11 municípios da RMVPLN usando um roteiro de entrevista e um questionário com perguntas fechadas. Com base nas respostas se avaliou como os municípios contemplam os transportes não motorizados em sua gestão e planejamento. Após esta análise, por meio do modelo Fuzzy de Programação por Metas e Análise por Envoltória de Dados foi possível avaliar a eficiência relativa da gestão dos transportes não motorizados dos municípios estudados. Os resultados deste trabalho indicaram a falta de uma análise sistêmica e integral das ações e/ou iniciativas que facilitem o uso dos transportes não motorizados na Região Metropolitana estudada. Também se destacaram quais são os principais determinantes que influenciam o uso dos transportes não motorizados ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: From enactment of Law of the Urban Mobility National Policy in 2012, the urban mobility management in Brazil started to face new challenges regarding its planning of short, medium and long-term. Among them it is the integration of the different transport modes of the cities: public, private and non-motorized (article 24 of the Law No. 12.587/2012). Aiming to potentiate the use of non-motorized transports in Vale do Paraíba and Litoral Norte, we sought to identify and analyze the critical points of the insertion of the non-motorized transports in the urban planning of cities of the Metropolitan Region of the Vale do Paraíba and Litoral Norte (RMVPLN). For this, we interview the responsible people by non-motorized transports of 11 cities of the RMVPLN using in the interview script and a questionnaire with closed questions. Based on answers, we assessed how the cities address the non-motorized transports in their management and planning. After this analysis, through the model Fuzzy Goal Programming and Data Envelopment Analysis was possible to assess the relative efficiency of the nonmotorized transport management of the cities studied. The results of this work indicated the lack of a systemic and integral analysis of the measures and/or initiatives that make easier the use of the non-motorized transports in the Metropolitan Region studied. We also can highlight which are the main determinants that influence the use of the non-motorized transports in the region studied and citie... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Carvalho, Marcus Vinicius Guerra Seraphico de Assis. "Um modelo para dimensionamento de calçadas considerando o nível de satisfação do pedestre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-09042006-093815/.
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Neste trabalho é apresentado um modelo para dimensionamento de calçadas considerando o nível de satisfação do pedestre. O modelo foi desenvolvido com base em pesquisa conduzida na cidade de Boa Vista, Roraima. Apesar de a cidade apresentar uma demanda razoável de viagens realizadas por bicicletas, não possui uma infra-estrutura adequada para ciclistas, razão porque uma parte considerável dos ciclistas trafega pela calçada. Por este motivo, foi incluído no modelo proposto o fluxo total de ciclistas na via, uma variável que não é mencionada em nenhum outro método de avaliação do nível de serviço de calçadas. Para desenvolver o modelo foram utilizadas as técnicas de árvore de decisão e de regressão robusta MM, contidas no programa S-Plus 6.1. A partir da comparação com outros trabalhos analisados, será mostrado que, desconsiderando o fluxo de ciclistas, o modelo elaborado é compatível com outros desenvolvidos em várias partes do mundo. Devido a limitações da amostragem e caráter local da área estudada, não há elementos suficientes para se afirmar que o modelo ora proposto seja amplamente utilizável quando se considera o fluxo de ciclistas. Porém, mostra-se que, além de permitir avaliar o nível de serviço de calçadas, o modelo pode ser usado no dimensionamento de tais infra-estruturas, sendo útil, portanto, no planejamento urbanoThis thesis presents a model for determining sidewalk width taking into account the level of pedestrian satisfaction. The model was developed using the data collected in the city of Boa Vista, State of Roraima, Brazil. Although cycling demand in the city is not low, Boa Vista does not have any facilities for cyclists. As a consequence, a part of them rides on the sidewalk. Taking this reason into account, the total flow of cyclists on the street was included in the proposed model, a variable not mentioned in other methods for evaluating pedestrian level of service on sidewalks. Decision tree and MM robust regression techniques available in S-Plus 6.1 software were used to develop the model. From a comparison with other works, it is shown that, without the cyclists flow, the proposed model provides results that are similar to those of other authors. Due to sample size and geographic limitations of this research, there are still not enough elements to affirm that the model is widely applicable when the cyclists flow on the sidewalk. However, the present work shows that besides the capability to evaluate the sidewalk level of service, the model can also be used for sidewalk sizing and thus, it is a useful tool on urban planning
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Williams, Benjamin N. "Understanding Land Use Grain: An Evaluation of Meaning and Measurement." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1532.
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Land use grain is a commonly-used measure of the mixture of land uses in the urban environment in transportation planning and public health, but there is no standard measurement practice in place. This thesis examines the meaning and common measurements of land use grain in these subfields. The entropy-based equation, the jobs-to-housing ratio, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) are among the most common measures of land use grain, but results from these metrics differ depending upon how researchers choose a sample area and upon how land use categories are defined. All three metrics are performed, in a single context with varying assumptions, using the neighborhoods of Roxbury and Dorchester in Boston, MA. The entropy-based equation was deemed the most appropriate measure in a general context, with the HHI and the jobs-to-housing ratio potentially appropriate in specific contexts.
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Abrisqueta, Huerta Walter Fabian, Manchego Gloria Elena Kcomt, Wong Jaime Kingway Koochoy, Villafuerte Gonzalo Blazco Pacheco, and Paiva Karen Danitza Zavala. "Proyecto BambuFit." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655088.
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Hoy en día, el número de personas que utilizan la bicicleta para sus traslados urbanos cotidianos han aumentado. Afectados por la pandemia ocasionada, el tráfico existente y el aumento de accidentes automovilísticos, muchos limeños han optado por considerar la bicicleta como su principal medio de transporte. Sin embargo, esta crisis sanitaria ha creado un espacio para reflexionar y tener mayor consciencia ambiental.
El desarrollo industrial, el aumento de sustancias contaminantes, el excesivo uso del plástico y la contaminación del agua, han contribuido a la degeneración ambiental. No obstante, el hombre ha descubierto materiales sustitutos capaces de reducir el impacto ambiental como el bambú, el cual es un material muy resistente y de calidad. Esta planta es utilizada mayormente en actividades de construcción y por artesanos. En este sentido, nace BambuFit, el cual tiene como objetivo principal contribuir al medio ambiente a través de productos más sostenibles y de brindar al consumidor la oportunidad de mejorar su estilo de vida a uno más saludable. BambuFit ofrece la solución desarrollando una bicicleta con marco de Bambú, resistente y más ecológica que una bicicleta común.
El objetivo principal del siguiente trabajo de investigación es argumentar la viabilidad del proyecto BambuFit, y demostrar a través de un análisis de las proyecciones financieras, las proyecciones de ventas e indicadores financieros si se deberá ejecutar o no el proyecto.Nowadays, the number of people who use bicycles for their daily urban commutes have increased. Affected by the caused pandemic, the existing traffic and the increase in car accidents, many Lima residents have chosen to consider bicycles as their main means of transportation. However, this health crisis has created a space for reflection and greater environmental awareness. Industrial development, the increase in polluting substances, the excessive use of plastic and water pollution have contributed to environmental degeneration. However, man has discovered substitute materials capable of reducing environmental impact such as bamboo, which is a very resistant and quality material. This plant is used mostly in construction activities and by craftsmen. In this sense, BambuFit was born, whose main objective is to contribute to the environment through more sustainable products and to give consumers the opportunity to improve their lifestyle to a healthier one. BambuFit offers the solution by developing a bicycle with a bamboo frame, resistant and more ecological than a common bicycle. The main objective of the following research work is to argue the viability of the BambuFit project, and to demonstrate through an analysis of financial projections, sales projections, and financial indicators whether the project should be executed.
Trabajo de investigación
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Tabti, Nahla. "Contribution to the design of the scalable exoskeleton SOL3." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG007.
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Les maladies qui affectent la fonction motrice et neuronale sont appelées maladies neuromusculaires. Ils sont de nature dégénérative, ce qui signifie qu'ils ont tendance à s'aggraver avec le temps. Ces dernières années, grâce aux récentes percées dans leur technologie les exosquelettes sont utilisés pour aider les patients atteints de maladies neuromusculaires pour leur mobilité. Par conséquent, les exosquelettes apparaissent comme une solution idéale pour ceux qui souhaitent maintenir leur mobilité tout en étant en position verticale. Il a été observé que la plupart des dispositifs n'étaient pas adaptables aux besoins des patients atteints de maladies neuromusculaires. Un exosquelette de membre inférieur, SOL3, est présenté ainsi que sa réalisation et son évaluation. Une attention particulière est portée à l'évolutivité et à l'adaptabilité de l'actionneur et de la structure de l'exosquelette. Bien que l'objectif principal de la conception soit d'assurer l'évolutivité, certaines directives de conception ont également été prises en compte. Il s'agit principalement de la résolution du problème de compatibilité cinématique et des éventuels désalignements pouvant survenir lors de la jonction de chaînes cinématiques deux par deuxDiseases that affect motor and neuronal function are called neuromuscular diseases. They are degenerative in nature, which means they tend to get worse over time. In recent years, thanks to recent breakthroughs in their technology exoskeletons are being used to help patients with neuromuscular diseases with their mobility. Therefore, exoskeletons appear as an ideal solution for those who wish to maintain their mobility while being in an upright position. It was observed that most of the devices were not adaptable to the needs of patients with neuromuscular disesases. A lower limb exoskeleton, SOL3, is presented along with its construction and evaluation. Particular attention is paid to the scalability and adaptability of the actuator and the structure of the exoskeleton. While the primary goal of the design is to ensure scalability, some design guidelines have also been considered. This mainly concerns the resolution of the kinematic compatibility problem and the possible misalignments that may occur when joining kinematic chains two by two
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Okrah, Matthew Bediako [Verfasser], Gebhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Wulfhorst, Rolf [Gutachter] Moeckel, and Markus [Gutachter] Friedrich. "Handling Non-Motorized Trips in Macroscopic Travel Demand Models : Calculating Intrazonal Impedances and Identifying an Appropriate Level of Spatial Resolution / Matthew Bediako Okrah ; Gutachter: Rolf Moeckel, Markus Friedrich, Gebhard Wulfhorst ; Betreuer: Gebhard Wulfhorst." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126115819/34.
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Athey, Melissa. "Reflections of Self." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2807.
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I vacillate between all extremes, beauty vs. ugly, internal vs. external, micro vs. macro. It is these disparate notions that inspire what I make. We cannot ever see ourselves objectively, but does that mean we shouldn’t try? This thesis is my attempt to dissect what I created in my 2 years at Virginia Commonwealth University, my exploration of the illness within and the psychological nature of how we go about hiding our insecurities.
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Malatesta, Maria Ermelina Brosch. "A bicicleta nas viagens cotidianas do Município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-04062014-102731/.
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O fenômeno do recente crescimento do uso da bicicleta no Município de São Paulo, cidade não propriamente amigável à sua utilização, merece uma reflexão cuidadosa, baseada na análise detalhada dos motivos que realmente induziram esta situação. É importante que a avaliação destes fatos não induza a crer que sejam seus únicos e principais motivos o atual momento de consciência sobre a necessidade de preservação do meio ambiente e a valorização de políticas que envolvam o conceito de independência de utilização de recursos naturais. No caso paulistano, a bicicleta tem sido uma saída espontânea encontrada por um setor específico da população, como tentativa de contornar a crônica má qualidade presente na mobilidade cotidiana da cidade, decorrência direta da deficiência dos serviços de transporte público existentes. Pode-se afirmar que a constatação do aumento de uso da bicicleta em São Paulo tem sensibilizado o poder público e a sociedade, induzindo à realização de ações para seu estímulo e consolidação. Assim estão em alta como políticas públicas de transporte sustentando sua viabilidade, experiências consolidadas e bem sucedidas de muitas metrópoles no mundo, onde já se afirmou como uma boa opção de mobilidade. Entretanto esta visão poderia se tornar equivocada e comprometer o atendimento ao que é realmente necessário para uma metrópole como São Paulo, se não for precedida ou acoplada à reestruturação de todo o sistema de transportes públicos paulistanos, de forma a promover o salto de qualidade e de eficiência exigidos. Neste processo o papel da mobilidade cicloviária é muito importante e poderá ser consolidado como elemento agregador desde que respeitadas e bem exploradas suas características.The phenomenon of the recent growth on the bicycle usage in the city of São Paulo, which actually is not friendly to its use, deserves a thorough reflection, based on the detailed analysis of the reasons which induced such situation. It is important that the evaluation of these facts do not lead us to believe that the only and main reasons are the current scenario of the consciousness on the environment preservation and appreciation of policies which involve the concept of independence of natural resources usage. As for São Paulo case, the bicycle has been a spontaneous solution found by a specific population sector, as an attempt to get around the chronic low quality existing in the city´s daily mobility, direct outcome of the deficiency in the current public transport services. This deficiency is the result of successive and misguided policies of mobility. It is possible to claim that the increase in the bicycle use in São Paulo has sensitized the public power and the society inducing to the completion of actions in order to stimulate and consolidate it. Therefore these actions are now the spotlight among the public policies of transport, supporting its viability from consolidated and successful experiences in many metropolis of the world, where the bicycle use has already been identified as a good mobility option. However this view could become misguided, compromising the commitment to what is really necessary to a city like Sao Paulo, if it is not preceded or coupled to the restructuring of the whole Sao Paulo public transport system, in order to trigger the required quality and efficiency improvement. In this proccess the role of the bicycle mobility is very important and may be consolidated as the gathering element, taking into consideration that its characteristics are respected and well explored.
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Fojtík, Jakub. "Studium intenzitního profilu optických svazků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221048.
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This work is focused on the study of the intensity profile of optical beams. In the first part problematics of optical beams from theoretical point of view is discussed, Model of realistically circular symmetric beam in an ideal lossless, stationary, homogeneous and isotropic medium is formed in Matlab®. The next part of the thesis deals with implementation of automatic workplace for measuring intensity profile of optical beams. Within the thesis - PCB desing of photodetector in Eagle®, is discussed. Custom application for controlling the motorized linear stage M – IMS 400 and communication with photodetector in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010® was created.
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Martins, Marcel Carlos da Mata. "Uma estratégia para avaliação da resiliência na mobilidade urbana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-30072018-113441/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar uma estratégia para avaliação da resiliência na mobilidade urbana, focando-se na restrição ao transporte motorizado. Assim, assumiu-se hipoteticamente que as viagens poderiam ser feitas apenas a pé ou de bicicleta. As viagens foram classificadas como persistentes, adaptáveis e transformáveis. As viagens persistentes e adaptáveis foram consideradas resilientes, enquanto as viagens transformáveis foram consideradas vulneráveis. Uma nova segmentação precisou ser criada para este trabalho: a excepcionalidade, que engloba viagens por modo a pé ou bicicleta além dos limites das Distâncias Máximas Possíveis (DMP). Os estudos de caso foram feitos na cidade de São Carlos e em um conjunto de três municípios da Região Metropolitana de Maceió (RMM): Maceió, Rio Largo e Satuba. No estudo em São Carlos, o pior cenário teve 40,4% de resiliência, e atingiu 100% com 11 km de DMP de bicicleta. Na RMM, o cenário mais pessimista apresentou uma resiliência de 43,0%, e atingiu o seu máximo aos 28 km. Os resultados também revelaram diferentes padrões espaciais de viagens para cada condição da resiliência. Em São Carlos, viagens persistentes apresentaram um padrão pontual. Viagens adaptáveis mostraram um padrão radial. As viagens transformáveis exibiam um padrão mais diametral, de um extremo ao outro da cidade. A análise por zona mostrou que as viagens transformáveis têm maior frequência em zonas afastadas do centro da cidade. Em RMM, os padrões encontrados foram semelhantes. As viagens persistentes, por exemplo, também eram predominantemente intrazonais. Além disso, as viagens adaptáveis tornaram-se mais concentradas em partes específicas da área urbanizada (por exemplo, ao norte da região), a medida que os valores de DMP aumentaram. O trabalho mostra a necessidade da adoção de políticas de incentivo aos modos ativos de transporte, no intuito de diminuir a dependência da sociedade de veículos motorizados.The objective of this study was the development of a strategy to evaluate how urban mobility resilience would be affected by constraints imposed to motorized transport modes. The analysis was based on the hypothetical assumption that only walking and cycling trips would be possible. The trips were initially classified as persistent, adaptable and transformable. Trips in the first two groups were considered resilient trips, whereas the trips in the third group were vulnerable trips. A fourth category was created to accommodate walking and cycling trips that went beyond the Maximum Distances (MD) per mode that were also defined as part of the method. Case studies were conducted in the city of São Carlos and in Maceió Metropolitan Region (MMR), which contains three municipalities: Maceió, Rio Largo and Satuba. In the case of São Carlos, we found a resilience value of 40.4% in the worst scenario. Resilience values would increase for larger MD values, reaching a maximum resilience of 100% for a MD of 11 km. In MMR, the minimum resilience value found was 43.0%, and the maximum resilience value corresponded to a MD of 28 km. The results also indicated different spatial patterns for each group of trips. In São Carlos, persistent trips were mainly intrazonal trips, adaptable trips had a radial pattern, and transformable trips crossed the urban area. The analysis per zone have shown a concentration of transformable trips in zones far from the city center. In MMR, the patterns were similar. Persistent trips, for example, were also mostly intrazonal trips. In addition, adaptable trips became more concentrated in specific parts of the urbanized area (e.g. the northern part of the region) as MD values increased. This study indicate the need for policies that encourage the use of active modes of transportation, in order to decrease the dependence of society in motorized vehicles.
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Lilienfeld, Simone. "Non-Motorised Transport in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7889.
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Matiolli, João Antonio Camargo. "Relações entre características espaciais de cidades e a resiliência na mobilidade urbana /." Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192220.
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Orientador: Gustavo Garcia ManzatoResumo: O trabalho apresentado teve como objetivo principal avaliar as relações entre características espaciais das cidades e a resiliência em relação à mobilidade urbana, considerando os diferentes portes de municípios, em um estudo aplicado para o estado de São Paulo. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um método de avaliação da resiliência na mobilidade urbana considerando viagens não motorizadas (caminhada e bicicleta), utilizando como inovação a Grade Estatística do IBGE. Em geral, para o modo a pé foi observado que cerca de 46% dos municípios analisados seriam totalmente resilientes, sendo que esta proporção é composta pelos munícipios de menor porte. Já os municípios que apresentaram uma baixa resiliência compreendem aproximadamente 11% do total de municípios e são caracterizados por aqueles de maior porte e mais populosos do estado. Para o modo bicicleta a situação é diferente, nota-se que apenas os municípios de São Paulo e Ilhabela apresentam baixa resiliência. Além disso, é observado que 91% dos municípios são totalmente resilientes em relação a esse modo de deslocamento. A partir dos resultados do método, buscou-se relacionar essa resiliência com métricas espaciais das cidades por meio de índices de forma urbana, a saber: Densidade, Concentração, Agrupamento e Centralidade. Dessa maneira, concluiu-se que a Densidade Domiciliar é o parâmetro que mais se destaca, uma vez que quanto maior o porte do município, maior foi o valor observado para essa mé... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between spatial characteristics of cities and the resilience in urban mobility, considering the different sizes of the municipalities, in a study applied to the state of São Paulo. To achieve this objective, we proposed the development of a method for assessing the resilience in urban mobility considering non-motorized trips (walking and cycling), using the Statistical Grid of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics as an innovation. In general, for walking, we observed that around 46% of the municipalities would be totally resilient, and this proportion corresponds to the smaller municipalities. On the other hand, the municipalities that show a lower resilience comprise approximately 11% of the total and are characterized by the largest and most populous municipalities in the state. For cycling the situation is different. We noted that only the municipalities of São Paulo and Ilhabela present a low resilience rate. In addition, we observed that 91% of the municipalities are totally resilient to this travel mode. In turn, we sought to establish a relationship between this resilience with spatial metrics of the cities through urban form indexes: Density, Concentration, Clustering and Centrality. Thus, we concluded that the household density is the parameter that stands out the most, since the larger the size of the municipality, the higher the value for this metric. For the other metrics (Concentration, Cl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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