Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mouches'
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Bouyer, Jérémy. "Ecologie des glossines du Mouhoun au Burkina Faso : intérêt pour l'épidémiologie et le contrôle des trypanosomoses africaines." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20183.
Full textAfrican animal trypanosomoses, transmitted by Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank and G. Tachinoides Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae), are a major constraint to the improvement of cattle productivity in the Mouhoun river basin, Burkina Faso. The apparent density of tsetse within their natural riverine habitat is associated with the underlying forest ecotype and the degree of human-related disturbance. A map of trypanosomosis risk was produced by using a landscape approach to analyse disturbance of the riverine forest and its environs (land use of the neighbouring pixels). The most important predictors of risk were two component of tsetse vectorial capacity: the relative density of vectors and their rate of mature infection. Three disease risk categories were defined along 702km of the Mouhoun river loop. To analyse the impact of habitat fragmentation on the structure of tsetse metapopulations, tsetse dispersal was modelled as a diffusion process in a linear network, using historical data from studies of G. P. Gambiensis in an undisturbed forest and results from a mark-release-recapture experiment conducted in a fragmented riverine forest. The predicted gene flows between sub-populations within a fragmented riverine system were compared with observed measurements of genetic and morphometric parameters for four tsetse populations in the western arm of the Mouhoun. Observations of tsetse feeding suggested that two components of this behaviour may reduce feeding risk for the fly. First, tsetse were biased towards feeding repeatedly from the host species that provided their first bloodmeal, which has important epidemiological implications. Second, tsetse fed largely from the legs of cattle which offers opportunities for improving the use of acaricides/insecticides to control vectors
SEITZ, ISABELLE. "Pharmacologie et toxicologie de l'amanite tue-mouche : ses aspects historiques et modernes." Strasbourg 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR15023.
Full textOukil, Salah. "Effets des insecticides et des radiations ionisantes en relation avec la variabilité génétique chez la Mouche Méditerranéenne des Fruits : Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptère, Trypetidae)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30072.
Full textJohnson, Annie. "Sous le regard des mouches de Michel Marc Bouchard : analyse du spectacle théâtral." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27160/27160.pdf.
Full textIssa, Mze Hassani. "Études écologiques des mouches des fruits (diptera tephritidae) nuisibles aux cultures fruitières aux Comores." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0001/document.
Full textNumerous invasions by fruit flies of the Tephritidae family are observed worldwide. This is particularly the case in Comoros, because of its geographical position and its imports of fresh products from neighboring countries. In order to determine the strategies necessary to reduce the populations of several species of this family, it is essential to have a current status on the ecology and distribution of the species present in the archipelago. The objectives of this thesis were to: (i) inventory the Tephritidae species present in Comoros and analyze the seasonal fluctuations of populations in relation to climatic factors and phenology of the main host plants, (ii) determine the host plants range of the main species and (iii) inventory the Tephritidae indigenous parasitoids and follow the acclimatization of theparasitoid Fopius arisanus introduced since 2013. In order to achieve these objectives, a weekly monitoring of a trapping network as well as plants phenology present in Grande-Comore, Mohéli and Anjouan islands was carried out during a period of two years. Similarly,cultivated and wild fruits were sampled in different regions of the ecoclimatic diversity of Grande-Comore island during a period of three years. Five fruit fly species were found throughout the archipelago from the trapping network: Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus bivittatus, Dacus punctatifrons and Dacus ciliatus. High dominance of the invasive species B. dorsalis was observed at all seasons and at all sites. The density of Tephritidae species was greater during the hot and wet season than during the cool and dry season. In addition, the results showed a high abundance of B. dorsalis in humid regions of low altitudes while C. capitata, persists in dry regions of higher elevation. The results suggest a niche separation phenomenon between these two species related to climate. Among 42 fruit species sampled from 22 plant families, 22 fruits belonging to 11 families were infested with Tephritidae. Six fruit fly species have emerged with a large dominance (91%) of B. dorsalis. The latter species occupies a wide range of host plants (16 species), using fruits previously infested with C. capitata. Four parasitoids species of Braconidae subfamily Opiinae have emerged in fruits including introduced species F. arisanus. However, very few individuals have been found at this timeand it will be necessary to follow acclimatization of the parasitoid in terms of parasitism rates, distribution and host fruit and Tephritidae species range
Savarit, Fabrice. "Étude génétique de la maturation des hydrocarbures cuticulaires chez les mouches adultes Drosophila melanogaster." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066461.
Full textSt-Onge, Mylène. "Étude écologique et moléculaire des mermithides parasites de mouches noires (diptera : simuliidae) du Québec /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/tablemat/30014997TM.pdf.
Full textLe corps du travail est ridigé sous forme d'articles scientifiques. Comprend des réf. bibliogr. Également disponible en format microfiche et PDF. CaQTU
St-Onge, Mylène. "Étude écologique et moléculaire des mermithides parasites de mouches noires (diptera : simuliidae) du Québec." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1416/1/030014997.pdf.
Full textGalster, Ingrid. "Le Théâtre de Jean-Paul Sartre devant ses premiers critiques. "Les Mouches" et "Huis clos /." Tübingen : Paris : G. Narr ; J.-M. Place, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36147597g.
Full textRamiaranjatovo, Gaëlle. "Adaptation des systèmes olfactifs de mouches des fruits Tephritidae à leur gamme de fruits hôtes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2023. https://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/23_3_G_Ramiaranjatovo.pdf.
Full textOlfactory signals are of crucial importance for host localization by insects, in order for them to perform their primary needs for survival and that of their offspring. Insects navigate by detecting and discriminating volatile compounds emitted by their hosts via their olfactory organs. The diversity of information carried by the multiple volatile compounds present in the environment constrains insects to use efficient olfactory strategies. However, little is known about these strategies for species with a wide host range such as the Tephritidae fruit flies. This family of insects includes clades exploring various host ranges, ranging from a wider host range for generalist species to a narrower host range for specialist species. Thus, this thesis aims to study how the olfactory systems of fruit flies have adapted to the perception of host fruits. The work carried out not only provides fundamental knowledge on the evolutionary aspect of insect olfaction, but also serves as a guide for the search for attractants for several insect pest species. In order to carry out this investigation, new methods in chemical ecology were developed during this thesis. This thesis focuses on Bactrocera dorsalis, a highly competitive and polyphagous species, and seven other species of Tephritidae that cause significant economic impacts on fruit and vegetable crops in the southwestern Indian Ocean islands. Analyses of the volatile emissions of 28 fruit fly host species allowed us to identify the evolutionary constraints associated with each fruit compound. We highlighted the existence of compounds shared between several fruits and compounds specific to one or a few fruit species. The triple electroantennography (EAG3) and gas chromatography coupled to a triple electroantennography detector (GC-EAD3) analyses carried out on the different species of fruit flies highlighted a negative correlation between the antennal activities and the diversity of the emitting fruits. Behavioural bioassays showed that Bactrocera dorsalis prefers compounds specifically emitted by a few fruit species to compounds common to all fruits when presented at low concentration. The hypothesis of an adaptation to polyphagy for generalist species could explain these observations. A perspective to this study is therefore to test the trapping potential of a lure combining shared fruit compounds with a few specific compounds in order to increase the olfactory sensitivity and attractiveness of the flies
Soulioti, Maria Ioanna. "J.P.Sartre Mouchy." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-178011.
Full textAndreau, Laurent. "Les animaux truffiers." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT013V.
Full textHurtrel, Béatrice. "Biologie du developpement et ecologie comportementale de deux parasitoides de mouches des fruits a la reunion." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10025.
Full textMille, Christian. "Les mouches des fruits de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Diptera, Tephritidae) : systématique, comportement, dynamique et gestion des populations." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2010. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseChristianMille2010.pdf.
Full textNamysl, Corinne. "Etude du métabolisme carboné des racines d'Epicea (Picea abies L. Karsten) soumises à une mycorhization par Amanita muscaria : effets de l'ozone et de la sécheresse sur la mycorhization de l'épicéa." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10011.
Full textPagabeleguem, Soumaïla. "Lutte contre les mouches tsé-tsé en Afrique de l’Ouest : optimisation de l’utilisation de la technique de l’insecte stérile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS253/document.
Full textIn sub-Saharan Africa, nearly 10 million km² of land, the most fertile for animal and agricultural productions, are infested with tsetse flies limiting all development initiatives for sustainable agriculture. Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes that cause human and animal african trypanosomosis, a debilitating disease of humans (sleeping sickness) and livestock (nagana). In 2000, the African Heads of State and Government decided to increase efforts to address the tsetse and trypanosomosis problem on the African continent and created the Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC). In this context, the Government of Senegal initiated a tsetse eradication program in the Niayes area using a Glossina palpalis gambiensis strain originating from Burkina Faso. The objective of this thesis was to optimize the use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) in West Africa in order to control the tsetse flies. A system to transport mature pupae over long distances has been developed and validated for male G. p. gambiensis pupae produced and irradiated either in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso or in Bratislava, Slovakia (irradiation done in Seibersdorf, Austria) and then transported by air to Dakar, Senegal. The system, constituted of an insulated box and S8 packs, allowed the maintenance of pupae at a temperature of 10 ± 3°C and their transport during 2-3 days to the emergence center of ISRA, where they molted into sterile males which were used for the sterile insect technique.A quality control was carried out on a sample of 50 pupae from each batch (at least 2 batches per shipment) to determine the flight ability of sterile males and their survival under stress conditions (without feeding). The remaining emerging pupae were released in the target area of the eradication programme and were considered as control group. The described protocol for quality control will allow accurate monitoring of the quality of sterile males used in operational eradication programs organized in the context of PATTEC.A molecular tool to distinguish between sterile and wild males was also developed using the mitochondrial gene COI (cytochrome oxidase). We showed that COI sequences of released flies (reared in insectary) are 100% identical and different from those of wild flies.Furthermore, in order to determine the optimal rearing conditions for G. p. gambiensis strains and to identify the strain that would be the best adapted to a particular environment or country in the context of a control with an SIT component, life history (survival and fecundity) of three G. p. gambiensis strains (strains originating from Burkina Faso (BKF), Senegal (SEN), and an introgressed strain (SENbkf)) were investigated at different temperatures and relative humidity conditions. The optimal temperature for the mass-rearing was 25 ± 1°C, 24.6 ± 1°C and 23.9 ± 1°C for BKF, SENbkf and SEN respectively. The relative humidity ranging from 40 to 75% had very little influence on the survival and fecundity. The BKF strain resisted better at higher temperatures than the SENbkf and SEN strains but the temperature limit for survival was about 32°C for all three strains
Guo, Yuting. "The fly eye as a model system to study the molecular basis of developmental speed." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS126.
Full textDuring development, timely gene expression, cell division and differentiation are essential for tissue and organism proper functioning and formation. But what sets up the tempo of developmental events, or what regulates the speed of development are less known. To understand the molecular basis of regulation of developmental speed, here, we propose the developing fly eye as a new model system to genetically study developmental speed.In the 3rd larval instar of Drosophila, there is a differentiation front sweeps from posterior to the anterior of the eye imaginal disc, and the ommatidia are formed row by row behind the differentiation front. This character makes the progression of the front easy to be observed. The mechanism of how this front move forward is clear, and the movement speed of the front is about 1 row of ommatidia every 2 hours. Many powerful genetic tools used to study Drosophila could also help us address the question which we are interested in.By using Drosophila eye imaginal discs, first, we performed an RNAi screen for genes required for the differentiation front to travel at proper speed. As mirr only express in the dorsal compartment of the eye imaginal disc, we were using mirr-GAL4/UAS system to introduce the genetic perturbations in the dorsal compartment of the eye imaginal disc, and the ventral compartment which has no expression of UAS element could be considered as the internal control. After dorsal perturbation, comparing the ommatidia row numbers in both compartments will uncover the genes regulate the differentiation front progression speed. The candidate genes are selecting from metabolic genes previously screened in the adult eye, other energy/NAD metabolism genes, some RNA/protein metabolism genes, and genes known to be involved in the progression of the front, etc. Our screen identified genes from a small number of metabolic pathways, including the Electron Transport Chain and the Insulin signaling pathway.Second, to validate whether these perturbations slow down the speed of front progression, or delay the onset of the front progression, we generated a new genetic tool to measure the speed of progression of the differentiation front in vivo. By using this tool, we measured the differentiation front progression speed at 18°C and 25°C, and measured the speed of the front with different dorsal genetic perturbations. The results showed that perturbing the genes of Electron Transport Chain or Insulin receptor pathway slow down the speed of front progression.Finally, understanding how these genetic perturbations result in altered speed of progression of the differentiation remains an important, yet largely unsolved issue. One hypothesis is that genetic perturbations trigger changes toward a metabolic state associated with a slower developmental speed. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that ldh mRNA accumulated in undifferentiated cells (but not differentiated cells) upon Electron Transport Chain perturbation, suggestive of increased glycolysis. The second hypothesis is that different genetic perturbations result in different metabolic states. Consistent with this, reducing Insulin signaling which also resulted in slow developmental speed, did not induce higher levels of ldh gene expression.In the future work, different fluorescent metabolic sensors which have been used in Drosophila may help us uncover the metabolic state upon each perturbations, and help us understand whether different metabolic state might readout different developmental speed. And whether these candidate genes that we screened were shown to slow down the speed of differentiation front progression also regulate the speed of other developmental events is worth examining in the future
Ladikpo, Elie. "Relations vecteur-parasite au cours du cycle de Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense chez Glossina morsitans morsitans : étude structurale et ultrastructurale." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20088.
Full textSachet, Jean-Marie. "Décalages temporels, spéciation et coexistance d'espèces au sein d'un groupe d'insectes phytophages : les mouches granivores des conifères Strobilomyia Michelsen (Diptera, Anthomyiidae." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10186.
Full textPhytophagous specialist insects, with their tremendous species diversity, provide useful models for the study of ecological speciation. We used the genus Strobilomyia to evaluate the importance of speciation by temporal (allochronic) isolation in an insect seed predator. It indeed presents a high number of species (20 including several sympatric species specific to the same host) and a large ecological diversity (three host-plant genera, several phonological types). Firstly, we constructed a molecular phylogeny of the whole genus, which reveals an adaptive radiation at its origin, and different speciation modes according to the hosto Speciation by phonological shift seems to occur only in the species specific to larch. Secondly, we concentrated on the three species specific to larch in France, and found that interspecific competition was lower than intraspecific competition. This supports the hypothesis that the phenological gaps between these species evolved by character displacement. Finally, we studied the prolonged diapause of these three species and found two different strategies, and the individual choice is predominantly influenced by the species. These strategies likely influence the coexistence 01 the three species. Ln conclusion, we showed the influence of seasonal and interannual temporal shifts in the speciation and/or the coexistence of species in a very diversified genus of insect seed predators
Rousse, Pascal. "Fopius arisanus, le droit à l'erreur : spécificité parasitaire et sélection de l'hôte chez un parasitoïde ovo-pupal de mouches des fruits Tephritidae." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646498.
Full textIakovaki, Hélène. "Un beau crime : le scénario Electre dans les tragédies anciennes, "Les Mouches" de Jean-Paul Sartre et "Le Deuil sied à Electre" d'Eugène O'Neill." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040291.
Full textHadzopoulou-Karavia, Lia. "Les Erinyes sur la scène chez les Atrides : Eschyle, L'Orestie ; J. Giraudoux, Electre ; J.-P. Sartre, Les Mouches ; T.S. Eliot, La Réunion de famille." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040149.
Full textThe Erinyes come from the depths of "religious" thought, before any official religion. Writers before Aeschylus referred to their function rather than to their form; they were the implacable persecutors of those who had trespassed a natural or moral law, especially of matricide. When they become anthropomorphous in the third tragedy of "The Oresteia", “The Eumenides", they claim to be ancient goddesses, while the gods of Olympus are "young gods", Aeschylus tried to show that even primitive creatures could be tamed by the wise laws and the "civilized" gods of Athens. Yet they remain menacing in the human thought through the centuries, till our time. J. Giraudoux in "Electra", J. P. Sartre in "The Flies", and T. S. Eliot in "The Family Reunion" use the Erinyes as characters of these plays, propose an interpretation of their role, and offer a way out for the persecuted, some hope of escaping them or changing them into benevolent "beings". However, at the end of all three plays, we feel that they are still there, "deeper than all sense", deeper than conscious thought, even deeper than faith
Dupont, Claude. "Étude des modifications histopathologiques des structures intestinales de larves de mouches noires (Diptere : Simuliidae) à la suite d'une ingestion de Bacillus thuringiensis serovariete israelensis." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1986. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5825/1/000559850.pdf.
Full textHoudart, Sophie. "Et le scientifique tint le monde : ethnologie d'un laboratoire japonais de génétique du comportement." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100056.
Full textOuedraogo, Sylvain. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des mouches des fruits (Diptera Tephritidae) en fonction des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques dans les vergers de manguiers de l'ouest du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0096.
Full textClassified as a quarantine pest, mango fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae) are an importantconstraint for mango exportation from Burkina Faso. The main objective of this study was theenhanced understanding of the ecology of mango’s Tephritids. 1156598 Tephritid flies weretraped from December 2007 to December 2009 in 7 mango orchards. During this monitoring,temperature, relative humidity and rainfalls were registered. 19764 mango fruits from 8cultivars were collected and obsreved during mango season in order to assess fruit fliesdamages. Eighteen Tephritids species notably from Bactrocera, Ceratitis and Dacus genuswere identified and B. invadens and C. cosyra are the dominant ones. The population peaks ofmales and females appear in the months of May & June according to the sites. The femalespresent a peak during the flowering period also of the mango trees. Seven species of mangoinfesting fruit flies have been identified and the incidence of this infestation varies between0% (Sabre) and 12.5% (Keitt). Keitt and Brooks are the most infested mango cultivars. 64 %of these damages are caused by B. invadens while 31 % by C. cosyra. The inventory of thewoody plants around these sites as well as the collection and the incubation of their fruitsbetween April 2008 and December 2009 were also carried out. 105 woody trees had beenlisted around the mango orchards. Out of which, the fruits of 13 trees were found infested by7 species of Tephritids, of which, 6 are also found in mangos. It is especially C. cosyra butalso C. silvestrii, C. puntata and B. invadens.This work shows significant correlations between Tephiritids population fluctuations, climaticfactors and mango damages. The woody species around mango tree orchards shelter thesepests even after mango season. These new results allow the adaptation of the mango fruit fliescontrol methods in the particular agro-ecological area of our study zone
Koné, Mahamoudou. "Étude de la composition des matières organiques végétales résiduelles sur les performances de croissance, les bilans de bioconversion et la qualité nutritionnelle des larves de mouches soldats noires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38131.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to study the potential of BSF larvae to convert high moisture, pre-consumer organic vegetable matter (VRO) collected from food retailers in the Quebec City area. The VRO collected from grocery store through a partner local residual organic matter (ROM) collector (Sanimax Inc, Quebec, Canada) were characterized quantitatively (mass and frequency for different categories of VRO) and qualitatively (dry matter, ash, fibre, carbohydrates, energy, protein and fat content). Different VRO diets have been formulated to feed BSF larvae and test their effects on growth (average weight, length, width, length/width ratio and Fulton index) and the nutritional proximal composition of BSF larvae. In addition, this study establishes the conversion yield that can be expected on these materials for the production of BSF larvae. The evolution of different physicochemical parameters (temperature and pH) during bioconversion and the nutritional profile of the larvae are also presented.
Ranoux-Daniel, Muriel. "A propos de l'intoxication par Amanita muscaria et Amanita pantherina : cas personnels et observations recueillies en Aquitaine." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M104.
Full textCisse, M'ballou, and M'ballou Cisse. "Comparaison de différentes techniques de prétraitement et de séchage sur la charge microbienne, les caractéristiques physicochimiques et nutritionnelles des larves de mouches soldats noires (Hermetia illucens) comme aliment alternatif pour l'alimentation animale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37548.
Full textLes larves de mouches soldat noires (Hermetiaillucens, HI) sont une source alternative de protéines et d’énergie pour l’alimentation du bétail. De nombreux aspects liés à l’optimisation des procédés de transformation pour assurer l’innocuité, la conservation et la qualité nutritionnelle de ce nouvel ingrédient sont cependant encore peu connus. Cette étude vise à optimiser les techniques de conditionnement et de séchage des larves pour réduire efficacement leur contenu en eau et leur charge microbienne, afin d’établir les paramètres de transformation en une farine de larves respectant les exigences de l’Agence canadienne d’inspection des aliments, tout en minimisant les impacts négatifs sur la qualité nutritionnelle. Après 10 jours d’alimentation sur une diète de contrôle Gainesville à 27°C et 70% d’humidité, les larves de mouches HI ont été récoltées par immersion, rincées à l’eau stérile, emballées sous vide pour être congelées, et ainsi euthanasiées, à -40°C (n=3 productions). Après décongélation, des aliquotes de 30g/traitement (n= 3) ont été prétraitées, ou non, par blanchiment (100°C/40s), ébouillantage (100°C/2, 4, 6 et 8min) ou perforées mécaniquement avant d’être séchées à air chaud (60°C) ou lyophilisées (40°C) jusqu’à une activité de l’eau finale ≤ 0,3 pour la farine de larve. La qualité microbiologique des larves a été évaluée par dénombrement incluant les aérobes mésophiles totaux (AMT), Pseudomonasspp., Listeriaspp., les bactéries lactiques présomptives, les entérobactéries et les coliformes. L’impact des techniques de séchage sur les propriétés physicochimiques et nutritionnelles a été déterminé par la couleur (L*, a*, b*, ∆E), le pH des larves avant et après transformation, l’oxydation des lipides (TBARS, Xylénol Orange) ainsi quela teneur en lipides et en protéines. Nos analyses ont montré que la contamination initiale des larves en AMT (9 log ufc/g de larves fraîches sur base sèche) pouvait être réduite de l’ordre de 3 à 4 log ufc/g après prétraitement suivi d’un séchage à air chaud (60°C). L’ébouillantage pendant 4min à 100 °C suivi d’un séchage à l’air chaud à 60 °C pendant 6h se sont avérés être les paramètres à suivre pour un traitement optimal. La présence d’une cuticule recouverte de cires, qui réduit la déshydratation chez les larves vivantes, pourrait bien constituer un frein notable à l’évaporation lors du séchage.
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) are an alternative source of protein and energy for livestock feeding. Many aspects related to process optimization to ensure the safety, conservation and nutritional quality of this new ingredient are still unknown. The presence of a wax-coated cuticle, to reduce drying of the larvae, constitutes a barrierto evaporation. The purpose of this study was to optimize larval conditioning and drying techniques to effectively reduce their water content and microbial load in order to establish the processing parameters into larval meal required by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency while minimizing negative impacts on nutritional quality. After 10 days of feeding on a Gainesville control diet at 27°Cand 70% moisture, BSFL were collected by sieving, they were rinsed with sterile water, packaged under vacuum, frozen at -40°C (n=3 replicates). After thawing, aliquots of 30g/treatment (n=3) were pretreated, or not, by blanching (100°C for 40s), boiling (100°C for 2, 4, 6 or 8 min) or mechanically perforated before being hot-air dried (60°C) or freeze-dried (40°C) until a final water activity ≤0.3 was obtained for the larval meal. The microbiological quality of the larvae was assessed by enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic (AMT), Pseudomonasspp., Listeriaspp., presumptive lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms. The impact of drying techniques on physicochemical and nutritional properties have been evaluated using colour (L*, a*, b*), larval pH before and after processing, lipid oxidation (xylenol orange, TBARS) and proximal composition including lipid and protein levels. The results demonstrate that the initial larvae contamination (9logCFU/g AMT of fresh larvae on dry basis) was reduced by 3 to 4 log CFU/gafter a pre-treatment followed by hot air drying (60°C); 4min boiling at 100°C followed by hot air drying at 60°C for 6h was found to be the optimal treatment parameter.
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) are an alternative source of protein and energy for livestock feeding. Many aspects related to process optimization to ensure the safety, conservation and nutritional quality of this new ingredient are still unknown. The presence of a wax-coated cuticle, to reduce drying of the larvae, constitutes a barrierto evaporation. The purpose of this study was to optimize larval conditioning and drying techniques to effectively reduce their water content and microbial load in order to establish the processing parameters into larval meal required by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency while minimizing negative impacts on nutritional quality. After 10 days of feeding on a Gainesville control diet at 27°Cand 70% moisture, BSFL were collected by sieving, they were rinsed with sterile water, packaged under vacuum, frozen at -40°C (n=3 replicates). After thawing, aliquots of 30g/treatment (n=3) were pretreated, or not, by blanching (100°C for 40s), boiling (100°C for 2, 4, 6 or 8 min) or mechanically perforated before being hot-air dried (60°C) or freeze-dried (40°C) until a final water activity ≤0.3 was obtained for the larval meal. The microbiological quality of the larvae was assessed by enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic (AMT), Pseudomonasspp., Listeriaspp., presumptive lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms. The impact of drying techniques on physicochemical and nutritional properties have been evaluated using colour (L*, a*, b*), larval pH before and after processing, lipid oxidation (xylenol orange, TBARS) and proximal composition including lipid and protein levels. The results demonstrate that the initial larvae contamination (9logCFU/g AMT of fresh larvae on dry basis) was reduced by 3 to 4 log CFU/gafter a pre-treatment followed by hot air drying (60°C); 4min boiling at 100°C followed by hot air drying at 60°C for 6h was found to be the optimal treatment parameter.
Guerrini, Laure. "Le risque trypanosomien dans le bassin du Mouhoun au Burkina Faso : approches paysagères : Télédétection - Biogéographie des glossines - Spatialisation du risque." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30013.
Full textAfrican Animal Trypanosomoses is a major hindrance to cattle breeding in the Mouhoun River Basin (Burkina Faso), where their major vectors are Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank and G. Tachinoides Westwood. The main objective of this study is to apprehend the landscape dynamics to understand the distribution of TAA vectors in Burkina Faso. Thus, the riverine forest, their suitable habitat, is described (ecotypes and disturbance level) and linked to the presence and abundance of vectors. The area of water was used to discriminate automatically three community types of riverine forests (with 81% of overall accuracy). A landscape analysis of the seven peri-riverine vegetation units allowed to characterize the disturbance level of riverine forest. It reveals the essential link between the conservation of their habitat and tsetse densities. A second method focused on the fragmentation of the swampy forests (suitable habitat for tsetse) and confirmed the importance of the ecological integrity of tsetse habitat for their densities (negative correlation between fragmentation and ADT). Using these two parameters (ecotypes and disturbance level), the riverine tsetse fly apparent densities (ADT) and the trypanosomosis risk based on a risk indicator (entomological inoculation rate) were assessed for the entire Mouhoun river. Predicted risk for the both analysis were validated using prevalence data on cattle and reveal a very good correlation. The study of the evolution of pluviometry over the last twenty years showed that although isohyets progressed towards the south, the limits of tsetse distributions remained unchanged, confirming that the structure of gallery forest is the critical parameter of their distribution, thanks to the microclimate that they generate. The diachronic study (between 1986 up to 2002) of the composition and configuration of the suitable habitat for tsetse flies revealed a current fragmentation of their habitat on the tributaries and a reduction of the fragmentation (regeneration of swamp forest) in the others ecological sections. The dispersal and genetic population studies indicate that if the fragmentation is associated to a decrease of the flow of genes between tsetse populations, these populations are not totally isolated. This information is crucial to implement effective elimination strategies
Robic, Kennokka. "Les archives de Dèmètrios, épistate de Mouchis." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040211.
Full textThe thesis presents the edition of 35 papyri from the 3rd century B. C. , belonging to the Institute of Papyrology in the Sorbonne. Coming from mummy cartonnage, they required at first to be cleaned and joined. Most of these documents are petitions to the king, or enteuxeis, and letters between various local officials : the strategos (regional chief) Diophanes, the epistates (local judge) of Mouchis Demetrios and the phylacites (policeman) Glaukos, the later two being known only in this group of texts. The petitions to the king evoke dispute about land, stealing and abuse, or plaintiff’s dissatisfaction about former legal procedure. Administrative texts describe some of these legal procedures (summons, witnesses). We did not neglect chronological problems (due to the simultaneous use of two calendars), the study of the scripts and of filing such legal archives
Šigut, Vladimír. "Josef Moucha - Fotografie." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Filmová a televizní fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-96892.
Full textKacem, Haddj Elmrabet Nabila. "Écobiologie de Trybliographa Rapae W. (Hymenoptera : Figitidae), endoparasitoide de la mouche du chou Delia Radicum l. (Diptera : Anthomyiidae)." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10040.
Full textGuegan, Fabien. "Caractérisation des sialidases chez le parasite Trypanosoma vivax : rôle dans l’anémie." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21775/document.
Full textAfrican animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a parasitic disease occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. It impairs livestock development and agricultural production. This disease is mainly caused by T. congolense and T. vivax parasites and is present in livestock, domestic and wild animals, covering an area of over a 10 millions km2, that is known as the Tsé-Tsé fly belt. These infections cause severe anaemia leading to animal death in most cases. In this context, we were interested in unravelling the mechanisms responsible for anaemia caused by T. vivax infection. We developed a murine model for T. vivax infection and our data pointed out important sialic acid modifications of the mouse erythrocyte surface during infection. Additionally, an ex-vivo experimental model was established which proved that anaemia associated with infection depends on erythrophagocytosis. Consequently, we propose that sialic acid modifications associated with infection are involved in the erythrophagocytosis mechanism. Furthermore, in order to develop genetic tools we established in vitro culture conditions for all parasite forms of T. vivax and T. congolense. Parasite cultivation allowed the detection of sialidase and trans-sialidase activity and identifies the presence and function of these proteins in the mammalian form of the parasite. Moreover, trans-sialidase recombinant proteins reproduced some of the T. vivax infection characteristics such as sialic acid modification and increased erythrophagocytosis. Consequently, this work provides the first evidence that links the expression of sialidases and trans-sialidases in T. vivax with the development of anemia during AAT
Poinsignon, Anne. "Étude de la relation homme-vecteur : de l'identification à la validation de protéines salivaires comme marqueur immunologique d'exposition aux piqûres d'Anopheles spp. et Glossina spp." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T034.
Full textDefaye, Baptiste. "Etude des agents pathogènes dans les populations animales de zones humides en Corse et implications en termes de santé animale et humaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CORT0009.
Full textCorsica is a French Mediterranean island marked by strong human and animal activities within different biotopes. Among these biotopes, the most outstanding are the wetlands. Within the Corsican territory, seven categories of wetlands have been counted, ranging from temporary wetlands such as ponds and temporary estuaries to large permanent areas such as coastal lagoons. These areas are key areas for human (agricultural, tourist, recreational) and animal (agriculture, watering, resting) activities. Due to their characteristics, these habitats are important in public health by their role in the proliferation and circulation of pathogens and their vectors. In the context of Corsica, the sanitary importance of wetlands is all the more important due to the insular context in the Mediterranean, which makes these areas points of resting for animal migrations such as avifauna. This favorable context for the research of pathogens in groups of animals and their vectors in Corsica wetlands was the target in our study. It focused on three groups of animals. The first one is the wild mammals where we focused on the wild boar. The second group is that of the animals of the corsican breeding. The third and last group is the avifauna. During our study, a total of 601 ticks were collected. They are composed of 4 different genera: Dermacentor spp. (D. marginatus), Hyalomma spp. (Hy. marginatum and Hy. scupense), Ixodes spp. (I. acuminatus/ventalloi, I. arboricola/lividus, I. frontalis, and I. ricinus), and Rhipicephalus spp. (Rh(Bo). annulatus, Rh. bursa, and Rh sanguineus s.l.). Among these genera, infestation preferences were observed, as for the genus Dermacentor for wild boar, the genus Rhipicephalus for cattle and the genus Ixodes for avifauna. In addition to the ticks collected, 37 loose flies of the species Ornithomya biloba were collected from migratory avifauna. This is their first identification on the Corsican territory. Using a high throughput real-time micro-fluidic PCR tool (BioMarkTM dynamic arrays, Fluidigm Corporation, USA), a total of 34 species and 11 genera of bacteria, parasites and viruses were searched for in the three target animal groups. In addition, Usutu and West Nile viruses were tested in avian samples. A total of six pathogen genera were detected in ectoparasites and animals: three bacterial genera (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia), two parasite genera (Babesia, Trypanosoma) and one viral genus (Flavivirus). Among these different genera, some species have been identified for the first time in Corsica as it is the case for: Rickettsia helvetica in avifauna ticks, Ehrlichia chaffeensis in sampled ticks and birds and Anaplasma capra in sheep farms. The presence of some pathogens was also confirmed in wetlands such as bacteria of the genera Rickettsia in wild boar and cattle ticks, Anaplasma in sheep and cattle farms, Babesia in wild boar and cattle ticks as well as in wild boar populations, Trypanosoma in cattle populations and West Nile virus in avifauna
Goulard, Roman. "Stabilisation visuo-inertielle chez la mouche : à la recherche de l'accéléromètre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0532.
Full textDespite low neuronal resources and a low spatial resolution vision, flying insects exhibit a large repertoire of complex behaviours. Particularly, some species are able to hover for long period of time in front of flowers or congeners. The ratio between their low resources and their complex behaviours made insects perfect models to understand the sensorimotor transformation in neuronal systems. In flies, the extraordinary pace of these processes has interrogated scientists. Thus, numbers of papers shed in light the incredible dipteran’s capacities to detect movement, thanks to vision or halteres (organs acting as a 3-D gyrometer). But the compensating mechanisms associated with those perceptions are exposed to errors accumulation and could led to crash. Thus, we asked the following question: Do dipteran could be able to achieve such complex task to hover without any estimation of their absolute orientation within gravity? First, we developed a free fall setup adapted to small insects to evaluate their ability to detect inertially the free fall state, which is possible with an accelerometer or an inner ear. Then, we developed a model based on their aptitude to control their cruising flight thanks to optic flow perception. We demonstrated that the well-known mechanism of optic flow regulation already described in bees tends to counteract free fall. Finally, we investigated the role of visual static cues linked to the horizon to show the importance of light distribution in the environment in hoverfly to ensure flight stability
Ali, Agha Moutaz. "Physiologie des récepteurs gustatifs chez la mouche de vinaigre (Drosophila melanogaster)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA037/document.
Full textIn most animals including insects, ingestion is preceded by a close examination of the food, for example in order to detect the presence of potentially noxious chemicals. This detection involves specialized gustatory cells, which are generally described as sensitive to “bitter” tastes. Using electrophysiology and behavioral observations, we studied how a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, can detect potentially toxic substances (described here as “bitter”) when mixed with sugar molecules, with their gustatory neurons. In a first part, we studied how L-canavanine is detected. Lcanavanine is a pseudo amino acid, which is confounded with L-arginine by the metabolism. Proteins which include Lcanavanine are non-functional and this compound is toxic for animals including insects. Using genetic constructions based on the UAS-Gal4 expression system, we showed that Lcanavanine is detected by gustatory cells expressing a receptor protein, GR66a, which is specific to most cells capable of detecting bitter substances. We also showed that, contrary to caffeine, the detection of L-canavanine requires functional Gαo proteins. Then, we studied some aspects of the detection of mixtures of sweet and bitter molecules. In a first approach, we contributed to establish that L-canavanine does not impact sugar detection, while other chemicals like strychnine completely inhibit sugar detection. By using the UAS-Gal4 system to ablate bitter-sensitive cells, we could demonstrate that such inhibition is a specific property of sugar- sensitive cells. These cells should have thus receptors for bitter substances which have not been identified yet. We also examined the reverse interaction, which is a possible role of sweet molecules to inhibit the detection of bitter substances. We examined the detection of denatonium, berberine, caffeine and umbelliferone in the presence of 12 different sugars, using behavioral and electrophysiology observations. By using genetic construction to ablate sugar-sensitive cells, we found that the sugar inhibitory action is not due to the presence of sugar-sensitive cells. It should be noted, however that in our experimental conditions, this inhibitory action is less efficient than the inhibition of bitter upon sugar detection. In a last part, we examined the modulation of gustatory perception by analogs of leucokinine, which is a neuropeptide involved in the diuresis of insects. We show that these analogs, when mixed with sugars in solution, can inhibit sugar detection by gustatory sensilla, both in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in Drosophila. The detection of bitter molecules by gustatory neurons in Drosophila thus involves two main coding channels: one is specific, and involves gustatory cells dedicated to the detection of bitter molecules; the second one, less specific, is affecting cells which are dedicated to the detection of sugar molecules. Gustatory coding is thus a more complex phenomenon than previously thought on the basis of examining responses to single molecules, thus urging to study the responses of gustatory receptors to more complex and natural mixtures
Gourdeau, Christian. "Étude de l'organisation électrique des photorécepteurs R1-R6 chez la mouche domestique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38101.pdf.
Full textFerry, Antonin. "Écologie chimique appliquée à la lutte contre Delia radicum, la mouche du chou." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S131.
Full textDelia radicum, the cabbage root-fly, is the principal pest of cabbage crops in Brittany, France. Using odours in Brassicaceae crops to manipulate both the fly and the behaviour of its predators/parasitoids is the aim of this PhD thesis. This work revealed the existence of a major volatile signal driving Brassicaceae-D. Radicum-control agent interactions. Using this compound allowed to attract several bio control agents and to deter the fly. However, initial agronomical studies indicated that using this odour can have adverse effects on the predatory efficiency of the bio control agents. Another experiment unravelled the role of odours in complex interactions that drive species community structure. Results obtained highlight the need to have a fine knowledge of ecosystem functioning to succeed in this approach
Bitome, Essono Paul Yannick. "Identification, écologie et utilisation des diptères hématophages (glossine, stomoxe et tabanide) comme moyen d'échantillonnage non-invasif de la faune sauvage dans quatre parcs du Gabon." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS048/document.
Full textThe contact between human and wild fauna has considerably increased during these last decades due to the increase of human population size but also to conservation policies. As a consequence, the number of zoonotic diseases soared with a mean of six new infectious diseases per year, 75% of whom being vectorially transmitted. The way to avoid the human contamination by these emergent diseases is based on the efficient vector control resulting from a deep knowledge of the ecology and the feeding behavior of the different vector species. During our work, we have identified and characterized the ecology of 6 tsetse species (Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. fuscipes fuscipes, G. fusca congolense, G. pallicera newsteadi, G. caliginea and G. tabaniformis) that live in forests and 6 stomoxe species (Stomoxys calcitrans, S. inornatus, S. niger niger, S. niger bilineatus, S. omega omega and S. transvittatus) that live in and around (anthropized places) conservation areas. We have also identified 6 tabanid species (Ancala sp., Atylotus sp., Chrysops sp., Haematopota sp., Tabanus par and T. taeniola). The feeding ecology of the tsetse species have been studied through the determination of host extracted from blood meals in the insect caught with molecular techniques. These hematophagous insects had a diversified diet that was constituted of diverse mammal species but also reptiles and birds. The food intake results mostly from wild fauna (86%) and more rarely from humans (14%). However, in anthropised habitats (villages and research’s camps within the parks), the blood intakes from human origin were important, in particular in the villages (100%), suggesting that without wild fauna the flies shift on human host. In the last part of our work, we tried to identify pathogens in the blood samples extracted from the tsetse species in order to test whether these species could be used as living sampling syringe of the wild fauna. This new proposed non-invasive sampling techniques allowed to detect the DNA of various infectious agents (plasmodiums and trypanosomes), but failed to detect the RNA of viruses (arbovirus) suggesting that this approach could be useful but need to be improved
Murtin, Chloé Isabelle. "Traitement d’images de microscopie confocale 3D haute résolution du cerveau de la mouche Drosophile." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI081/document.
Full textAlthough laser scanning microscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining thin optical sections, the possible depth of imaging is limited by the working distance of the microscope objective but also by the image degradation caused by the attenuation of both excitation laser beam and the light emitted from the fluorescence-labeled objects. Several workaround techniques have been employed to overcome this problem, such as recording the images from both sides of the sample, or by progressively cutting off the sample surface. The different views must then be combined in a unique volume. However, a straightforward concatenation is often not possible, because the small rotations that occur during the acquisition procedure, not only in translation along x, y and z axes but also in rotation around those axis, making the fusion uneasy. To address this problem we implemented a new algorithm called 2D-SIFT-in-3D-Space using SIFT (scale Invariant Feature Transform) to achieve a robust registration of big image stacks. Our method register the images fixing separately rotations and translations around the three axes using the extraction and matching of stable features in 2D cross-sections. In order to evaluate the registration quality, we created a simulator that generates artificial images that mimic laser scanning image stacks to make a mock pair of image stacks one of which is made from the same stack with the other but is rotated arbitrarily with known angles and filtered with a known noise. For a precise and natural-looking concatenation of the two images, we also developed a module progressively correcting the sample brightness and contrast depending on the sample surface. Those tools we successfully used to generate tridimensional high resolution images of the fly Drosophila melanogaster brain, in particular, its octopaminergic and dopaminergic neurons and their synapses. Those monoamine neurons appear to be determinant in the correct operating of the central nervous system and a precise and systematic analysis of their evolution and interaction is necessary to understand its mechanisms. If an evolution over time could not be highlighted through the pre-synaptic sites analysis, our study suggests however that the inactivation of one of these neuron types triggers drastic changes in the neural network
Ribordy, François-Xavier, Guy Gaudreau, Annette Ribordy, and Micheline Tremblay. "Amanita Muscaria." Acfas-Sudbury, 2004. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/60.
Full textBrévault, Thierry. "Mecanismes de localisation de l'hote chez la mouche de la tomate, neoceratitis cyanescens (bezzi) (diptera : tephritidae)." Montpellier, ENSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENSA0013.
Full textBROOKE, CASTELLS NATHALIE. "Implication du canal sodium dependant du voltage dans la resistance de la mouche domestique aux pyrethrinoides." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE5025.
Full textManière, Gérard. "Mécanismes de transduction impliqués dans la régulation de la stéroi͏̈dogenèse ovarienne chez la mouche Phormia regina." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10602.
Full textRobert, Alain. "Le contrôle de l'ovulation et de la parturition chez la mouche tsé-tsé, Glossina fuscipes (Diptère)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066311.
Full textRobert, Alain. "Le Contrôle de l'ovulation et de la parturition chez la Mouche Tsé-Tsé, Glossina fuscipes (Diptère)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376007965.
Full textFOURNET, SYLVAIN. "Ecologie comportementale des adultes et des larves de deux coleopteres staphylinidae, parasitoides de la mouche du chou." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10111.
Full textBiron, David. "Potentiel des micro-ondes comme moyen de controle de la mouche du chou, delia radicum l. (diptera : anthomyiidae)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4973/1/000612901.pdf.
Full textNjan, Nloga Alexandre Michel. "Bioécologie et rôle vecteur du paludisme d'"Anopheles moucheti" à Ebogo au Caméroun." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20226.
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