Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mouettes – Reproduction'
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Aubry, Lise Myriam. "Influence du recrutement sur les variations des paramètres démographiques avec l'âge et la vitesse de sénescence chez la mouette tridactyle, Rissa tridactyla." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1581/.
Full textI used a 30-year study of long-lived seabirds (black-legged Kittiwakes) that breed in Brittany to study the evolution of trade-offs between early-life breeding decisions, future reproduction, and survival. I first found that recruitment age and habitat selection were intimately linked. Recruitment age further influenced breeding success and survival trajectories. Furthermore, sources of observed (reproductive covariates, experience) and unobserved heterogeneity (frailty) explained substantial amounts of variability in breeding success and survival. Overall, intermediate age recruits (age 5) seemed to maintain high breeding success over life and minimized senescence in survival compared to other recruits. Even though individual fitness showed that earlier recruitment was the most beneficial recruitment strategy, the costs associated to delayed recruitment seemed minimal
Besnard, Aurélien. "Evolution de l'élevage des poussins en crèche chez les laridés." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20161.
Full textMerkling, Thomas. "On sex-ratio and sibling competition : an insight into reproductive decisions in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2255/.
Full textDuring a breeding event, parents face several decisions that may impact their fitness. In this thesis, I have been interested in sex-ratio and sibling competition patterns in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). First, I showed that parents in poorer condition overproduced daughters, which seems to be due to their lower reproductive cost and, possibly, to their higher fitness return for parents as compared to sons. Then, my results suggested that the natural magnitude of hatching asynchrony minimised the costs for parents and younger siblings, while older siblings seemed to be stressed by their dominant position. Finally, mothers favoured their younger chick's competitiveness only when in conflict over brood reduction with their older chick. This thesis thus highlighted some means through which parents could maximise benefits or reduce costs associated with their reproduction
Degeorges, Anne. "Investissement male et femelle à différentes étapes du cycle de reproductino et succès reproducteur chez la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla)." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066698.
Full textCadiou, Bernard. "L'accession a la reproduction : un processus social d'ontogenese : cas de la mouette tridactyle (rissa tridactyla)." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10141.
Full textHelfenstein, Fabrice. "Stratégies de reproduction et conflits sexuels : le cas d'une espèce coloniale, la mouette tridactyle Rissa tridactyla." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066179.
Full textCam, Emmanuelle. "Reproduction intermittente et correlations phenotypiques entre composantes de la fitness. Cas de la mouette tridactyle rissa tridactyla." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066626.
Full textWhite, Joël. "Stratégies d'accouplement et conflits sexuels dans un contexte monogame : le cas de la mouette tridactyle Rissa tridactyla." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066524.
Full textDanchin, Étienne. "Rôle des facteurs comportementaux dans les mécanismes de régulation des populations d'oiseaux coloniaux : cas de la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066180.
Full textCoelho, Naves Liliana. "La fidélité au partenaire : stratégie ou contrainte ? : le rôle de l' hétérogénéité individuelle chez la mouette tridactyle Rissa tridactyla." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066577.
Full textPonchon, Aurore. "Comportements individuels et réponse des populations aux changements environnementaux : la mouette tridactyle comme modèle." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20235/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study individual behaviours linked to breeding habitat selection in a long-lived colonial seabird, the black-legged kittiwake, and to determine their importance in population responses to environmental changes occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. First, experimental approaches including GPS and satellite tracking of individuals allowed demonstrating that only failed breeders performed prospecting movements involving visits of other breeding areas. These movements were recorded from egg incubation to chick rearing at local spatial scales (<1 km) as well as large spatial scales (> 40km), in various environmental conditions. Then, a population dynamic model considering different dispersal strategies showed that contrarily to philopatry and random dispersal, personal and social information use by individuals favoured population persistence in the long-term. Finally, capture-recapture models highlighted indirect interactions between sampling designs of long-term surveys of marked individuals and behaviours linked to dispersal. These interactions can notably bias the estimation of demographic parameters such as annual survival rate. All our results demonstrate that breeding habitat selection and dispersal are complex but essential processes in the understanding of population functioning and they have to be considered in models predicting the dynamics, structure and persistence of populations in response to environmental changes
Allainé, Dominique. "Le rôle de la structure de colonie dans la biologie des populations d'oiseaux : exemple de la mouette rieuse (Larus ridibundus) en Forez." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10177.
Full textPrévot-Julliard, Anne-Caroline. "Rôle de la dispersion dans la dynamique d'une population de mouette rieuse "Larus ridibundud L. "." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20226.
Full textPineaux, Maxime. "Gènes immunitaires du CMH chez un oiseau monogame : fitness et stratégies de reproduction." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30275.
Full textParents are expected to adjust their reproductive decisions depending on the future advantages they will gain. These advantages include increased offspring fitness through acquisition of genetic benefits from mates. However, constraints may force individuals to mate with suboptimal partners. The costs of suboptimal pairing should have created selective pressures inducing the evolution of counter strategies. In this thesis, I investigated whether individuals adjust some reproductive post-pairing decisions depending on the prospective genetic characteristics of their offspring, along with the fitness consequences of these genetic characteristics, using a monogamous seabird species, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). First, I found that chick functional diversity at major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) genes, which play a pivotal role in vertebrate immunity, was positively associated with fitness-related traits in females, but not in males. Accordingly, parents with functionally similar MHC-II, that were more likely to produce chicks with low MHC-II-diversity, overproduced sons, in line with sex allocation theory expectations. Second, I report experimental evidence that genome-wide genetic similarity between mates decreased egg hatchability when the fertilizing sperm was old. In line with our expectations, genetically-similar pairs performed behaviors allowing avoidance of fertilization by old sperm. Overall, this thesis provides evidence that parents flexibly adapt some reproductive decisions in response to within-pair genetic similarity at key functional genes and over the whole genome, thereby partly compensating the detrimental consequences of suboptimal pairing
Boulinier, Thierry. "Selection de l'habitat de reproduction, facteurs environnementaux et fonctionnement des populations d'oiseaux coloniaux : cas des interactions hote-parasite entre la mouette tridactyle rissa tridactyla et la tique ixodes uriae." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066813.
Full textBlévin, Pierre. "Physiological consequences of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances, organochlorine compounds and mercury in an Arctic breeding seabird." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS023/document.
Full textDue to increasing human activities, a growing number of threats are challenging the fate of biodiversity. Among them, environmental contamination is particularly concerning for living organisms. Used and released in industrialized countries, these highly persistent contaminants can reach remote areas such as the Arctic ecosystem and will biomagnify though food webs and bioaccumulate in organisms. Long-lived seabirds are located in the upper levels of the food chains and thus particularly exposed and sensitive to a chronic contaminants exposure. Through endocrine disruption, these contaminants can impact physiological mechanisms and behavioural traits, inducing in fine, long-term fitness consequences on individuals and populations. My thesis focuses on three groups of contaminants: (i) poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), still broadly used in a vast array of industrial processes and increasing in the Arctic; (ii) “legacy” organochlorine contaminants (OCs, pesticides and industrial compounds), banned from use but still well present in the Arctic and (iii) mercury (Hg), a non-essential metal coming of both natural and anthropic origins. Based on a correlative approach conducted in natura, I investigated the physiological and behavioural consequences of exposure to these contaminants during the whole breeding cycle (from pre-laying to chick-rearing period) in an Arctic seabird, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) from Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic. Specifically, I examined the relationships between several PFASs, OCs, Hg and fertility (sperm morphology and motility), sexual signaling (visual: integument coloration and olfactory: chemical signature), parental care behaviors (incubation temperature and egg-turning), ageing (telomere length) and energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate). In addition, some potential underlying mechanisms were also studied to better understand the way through which contaminants can be detrimental for kittiwakes. Furthermore, since physiological mechanisms and behavioral traits investigated here are tightly involved in self maintenance and reproduction, possible effects on fitness are then discussed. This PhD work underlines the major role of certain legacy chlorinated organic compounds (e.g. chlordanes) and significantly contributes at documenting the poorly known toxicological consequences of PFASs exposure in wildlife. Importantly, this PhD shows that PFASs and OCs could impact ageing, energy expenditure and some parental care behaviors in a contrasted manner. Specifically, oxychlordane, a metabolite of a banned organochlorine pesticide was associated with decreased telomere length, lowered metabolic rate and reduced ability to incubate the eggs. Conversely, elongated telomere, increased BMR and enhanced egg rotation were observed in birds bearing the highest concentrations of PFASs. Finally, at least for the considered endpoints, Hg appears as a coming minor threat for kittiwakes. This study highlights the importance of considering several groups of contaminants when investigating the consequences of environmental contaminants exposure in wildlife