Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Moulin à eau'
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Kharbach, Aicha Gantouri. "Le Moulin hydraulique de Fes." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010599.
Full textThe subject of our research is entitled "the water mill of fes". The first objective of this archaelogical study is to confine the framework of a well-reasoned examination of the water mill of fes. The study of these mills is based on a separate and complete analysis of each component of the mill : mal'ab, ware house, rwa and qassriya. In each of these analysises we have defined a very important number of descriptive criteria : lack or presence of a component. The groups which are defined by common similarities have served us as a point of reference and comparison. This comparison of the mills of fes with those of syria has risen some resemblance whereas, the comparison with the mills of france and canada is disappointing more over this study has allowed us to assimilate the characteristics of the water mill of fes : wheat mill, takawt mill (tamarisk) and lahfif mill (ore) most of which are similar either in their large or reduced plans or in their construction materials. The organization of space is respected, and if by. .
Moshtaghe, Gohari Kambiz. "Morphogenèse des moulins à vent d’Iran, techniques de gestion du vent de manière architectonique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1079/document.
Full text"The past is a foreign country: they do things differently over there"L.P. Hartly We wanted to look at the history of the first windmills. There are several reasons for this: much of the history of the windmill remains obscure and among others; two things are poorly known: the first relates to the date when the vertical axis windmill appeared for the first time in Iran (ancient Persia), and the second its evolution, the different types of this invention. The last reason for the need for our research is that there is as yet no clear hypothesis for linking the different types of vertical wind mills with a dated and documented chronology of the evolution of types in particular the Iranian vertical axis windmill. Energy sources like the wind - and the windmill are seen as a mediating technology between wind and human society. R. J. Forbes, the German historian of technology, argued that "primary engines" were the "keystone of technology". Using as a criterion these "primary engines," he distinguishes five periods in the history of human technology: the age of human muscle utilization, the era of animal muscle utilization, the era of energy provided by water, the era of energy created by the vapor and the era of atomic energy. In his classification, Forbes did not include the era of wind energy; we shall see that this era is the missing link between the era of hydraulic energy and the era of energy supplied by steam. With the use of wind energy, this era is also the longest in the history of energy use
Véron, Colette. "Le moulin hydraulique et son approvisionnement en meules : technique, espace et société en Vivarais du Moyen Age au XIXe siècle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH017.
Full textThe Vivarais covers a transitional area between the Rhône corridor and the mountain, a zone which was still being settled at the time when the water mill was spreading.The study of the hydraulic mill and its supply of mill stones has showed an unquestionable contrast between hillsides, where many small units ensure the production of flour, and large valleys where more sizeable units have been built ever since the Middle Ages.Feudality and the perpetual long lease explain the perennial nature of the sites since 14th or 15th century. Direct use is more wide-spread in mountain areas while elsewhere the mills, more profitable in the hands of an elite, are readily leased out. Joint possession is frequent everywhere but is most prevalent near the banks of the Rhone, where shared ownership of mills, whether on land or on the Rhone, is coveted by merchants.Horizontal and vertical wheels have coexisted since the Medieval period, sometimes in the same mill.The horizontal wheel is found in many small rural mills but it also prevails in the Ardeche and in the main towns, Aubenas, Privas and Annonay , and continues until the 19th century and the adoption of the English style mill with its iron mechanisms.The basalt and crystalline mill stones, which, like everywhere else, are first supplied from the immediate environment, are progressively abandoned in favour of sandstones, which necessitates the opening and exploitation of numerous quarries, still in use until the 19th century.The flint mill stones of the Ile de France region are rarely found in the province and are only installed in mills near the Rhône until the arrival of the railway in the 19th century.By the time the whole of the department is equipped with cast iron mechanisms and French mill stones, the decline of the mills is already well under way. Industrialists have coveted the millers' water rights for over a century, many areas are becoming depopulated, people no longer bring their grist to the mill and the first industrial flour mills are appearing in large, more densely populated cities.However, the mill which was widespread for several centuries is still a determining feature in the region's landscape, through its hydraulic installations, the track leading to it, and the activities associated with it.In the middle of the 19th century, it still features as an essential element, both in urban and rural settings, although in towns it is becoming marginalized
Barraud, Régis. "Vers un "tiers-paysage" ? Géographie paysagère des fonds de vallées sud-armoricaines. Héritage, évolution, adaptation." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202359.
Full textAzéma, Jean-Pierre Henri. "Les Moulins à eau en Aveyron : technologie et maîtrise spatiale." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040249.
Full textPanduri, Tiziana. ""Como acqua de mola" : mulini ad acqua nel territorio di Calci in età medievale : ricostruzione storica, analisi topografica, studio della gestione economica (secoli X-XIII) /." Pisa : Ed. PLUS-Università di Pisa, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38839063j.
Full textBeauchamp, Axel. "Impact des aménagements hydrauliques sur les systèmes fluviaux bas-normands depuis 2000 ans : approche géomorphologique et géoarchéologique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC024/document.
Full textIn Lower Normandy, knowledge of the hydrosedimentary dynamics of rivers before and during the installation of the numerous hydraulic installations since the Roman period remains very fragmentary. Little was known about the rates of erosion and sedimentation that have occurred over the last two millennia and how climatic and anthropogenic controls have influenced these processes. Thus, the challenge of this phD is to understand and measure the role of the inherited structures and operating in the current functioning of the rivers of Lower Normandy in order to help with their contemporary management. To provide answers, geomorphological and geoarchaeological researches has been carried out in several valleys. These studies make it possible to highlight the weight of the hydraulic installations and in particular the developments related to the mills in the setting up of floodplains. Indeed, the complete structuring and management of the watercourse since the Middle Ages artificialized riverbed forms and slopes, and partitioned rivers favoring lateral stability and overflow sedimentation in the floodplain conducting in the development of completely regulated rivers. The installation of mills is accompanied locally by a simplification of the river course. At the acme of the equipment there was a mill every 2,500 meters along the rivers of Lower Normandy. These transformations mean that a large part of current courses are artificial. These structures and the increase of the overbank silt sedimentation for 1000 years are at the origin of the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium resulting in the hydrosedimentary forms of the present rivers which are largely inherited. The abandonment of the management of the hydraulic structures and their destruction during the last fifty years comes to question this balance
Guichané, Raoul. "Le savoir des constructeurs de moulins hydrauliques et l'équipement des cours d'eau en Touraine du Moyen-Age à l'époque subcontemporaine." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR2006.
Full textMersch, Jacques. "Modalités d'utilisation de la moule zébrée Dreissena polymorpha en tant qu'indicateur biologique de la contamination des écosystèmes d'eau douce par les métaux lourds : comparaison avec un autre type d'organismes sentinelles, les mousses aquatiques : étude dans le bassin de la Moselle." Metz, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1993/Mersch.Jacques.SMZ9319.pdf.
Full textLa moule zébrée Dreissena polymorpha fournit un bilan biologique intégré de l'état de pollution de son milieu environnant par les micropolluants métalliques. L'indication est modulée par les caractéristiques (intensité et durée) des épisodes successifs de contamination et par les moyens de lutte dont dispose l'animal. Différentes stratégies de surveillance biologique sont discutées. La technique de transfert de moules (surveillance active) est particulièrement intéressante, car elle permet d'étendre la méthode à des sites dépourvus de populations naturelles de l'espèce. Dans ce cas, il y a possibilité de mesurer un impact double : celui de la qualité générale de l'eau sur l'état physiologique des animaux et celui de la biodisponibilité des micropolluants métalliques circulants. La surveillance biologique est affinée par l'utilisation simultanée d'un second organisme sentinelle, les mousses aquatiques. Les deux indicateurs présentent en effet une certaine complémentarité, notamment en ce qui concerne la capacité d'intégration d'une pollution dans le temps. Ainsi, les mousses peuvent être avantageusement utilisées pour détecter des événements de courte durée tandis que les moules sont plus appropriées pour mesurer un impact biologique à moyen terme. Des modalités précises pour une utilisation simultanée des deux organismes sont proposées. Les données recueillies sur le terrain sont hiérarchisées à l'aide de grilles de qualité
Marchandin, Pierre. "Moulins et énergie à Paris du XIIIe au XVIe siècle." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLN002.
Full textThe study of the place of renewable energy providing devices took in the satisfaction of preindustrial societies’ needs is very useful to understand what is at stake in the energetic transition debate. In order to address this question from a new perspective, and given that quite a few answers can be found on the scale of large cities, the present work aims at examining how those installations, and especially watermills and windmills contributed to satisfying the energetic demands of the metropolitan region of medieval Paris, which counted about 250,000 inhabitants in the early 14th century. Through a corpus of documents and images – most of which have never been previously published – it paints a qualitative, quantitative and relational picture of the Parisian energetic equipment and highlights its evolutions between the 13th and the 16th centuries, thus contradicting the idea of a fixed preindustrial energetic system. This work also studies the way energy providing represented a political and institutional issue, mobilizing numerous stakeholders
Birée, Patrick. "Les moulins hydrauliques à grains et les minoteries de l'Alençonnais : XVIIe-XXe siècles, de la lumière à l'ombre, quatre siècles d'évolution." Caen, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01500775.
Full textThe present-day Orne County was formerly more industrialized than today. The mills were operated by hydraulic power, and they had various functions. Around 1800, there were 587 grain mills (88% of the total amount of mills), 46 "turning mills"on16 steel plants, 12 treading mills, 12 paper mills, and tanning mills. Each of them was part of a technological chain starting from the gross product (cereals, cloths and fabrics, oak bark, wool, ore) to the finished product (flour, paper, tan, wool fabrics, cast-iron, and iron). A range of people, having different functions and statuses, worked in the production networks as well as in the distribution networks. The most numerous were those of the milling sites producing flour. The study presented here concerns the hydraulic grain mills in the Alençon region between the seventeenth century and the twentieth century. This articulation over a long period of time enables to understand the dynamics of this industry in this small territory crossed by the Sarthe river and composed of 26 towns, with a maximum of 40,000 residents. What is the peculiarity of this mill industry? What is the number of mills during the above-mentioned periods? When have the mills risen from small-scale stage to industrial stage? What are its links with energy and grinding capacities? How were men defined in this sector of production? What is its place in the Orne milling industry? The study consists in a triple questioning: technical, economic and social questioning. The first one is devoted to an exhaustive presentation of some representative mills in the Alençon area. The second one develops the idea of an economic network in which the mills have evolved, between agriculture and bakery. The latter presents the millers, their world and the difficult life they could lead. This is an unpublished research about a not well-researched history topic
Leborgne, Jean-Marie. "Appareil de mesure locale du pouvoir thermoélectrique : application au contrôle du vieillissement thermique des aciers inoxydables austénoferritiques moulés des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0134.
Full textAt first, we designed an apparatus for local thermopower (TEP) measurement which can be applied to bulk metallic specimens. We gave thermoelectrical and thermomechanical analysis of our experimental measurement conditions and we showed it is necessary to make some corrections on the initial data acquisitions for an accurate TEP determination. Particularly, we used a thermal computer simulation. Secondly, we considered the thermal aging of cast duplex stainless steels used in the primary loop of pressurized water reactors. Because of service temperatures, the ferritic phase of these alloys presents a microstructural evolution which produces a hardening phenomenon and a structural embrittlement (spinodal decomposition and precipitation of intermetallic phase particles). We first used an apparatus for TEP measurement at 20°C which requires small specimens. We verified that TEP is correlated with the parameters describing the evolution of the spinodal decomposition and with the mechanical properties of these steels. Then we established a relation giving the TEP from the ferrite content and from the thermal aging conditions. Using our local TEP measurement apparatus, we showed that an appropriate statistical treatment allowed us to obtain the same results with a suitable accuracy and reproducibility. This work shows the possibility of a non-destructive testing of the thermal aging of the duplex stainless steels and could conduce to the realization of a portable apparatus which could be used on components of the primary loop themselves
Jude-Serna, Virginie. "La construction d'un paysage fluvial, du Moyen Age au siècle des Lumières : l'exemple de la boucle de Marne (Val-de-Marne)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010539.
Full textFrom the example of the river Marne bend, the last loop before rejoining the seine, the author tried to draw the various historical components leading to a fluvial (river) landscape. From a return based on handwritten archives as well as maps of this fluvial background, it has been possible to retrace the various landowners of these hydraulic equipements (fisheries, bridges, watermills, harbours,. . . ) Set up since 868 until 1742, to confirm the existence of a crowded netting of exchanges between paris and the hinterland, netting based on a community of watermen, and to precisely analyse the fluvial heritage of saint maur des fosses abbey, important owner in the Marne region. The study of fashioning methods, the creation of this river landscape has made possible the setting up of a typology for fluvial management, drawing direct and indirect man interventions on the river bed, interventions of the hidraulic, man interventions on the river bed, interventions of the hidraulic, harnessing fishing type. The amenagements due to these plannings have been considered as archeological sites as well as bridges, fisheries and harbour structures. The navigability works led from the XIIIth century to the XVIIIth century, have been listed, drawn and analysed through ancient texts. The medieaval and post medieaval landscape of the river Marne bend thus refund, emphasises the navigable or un-navigable areas, and therefore defines the obstacles and the mediums of medieaval navigation. This investigation enable the constitution of preliminary files in the case of real estate developments or publics works in the Marne area and aknowledges archeology (waterfront archaeology) as the best fitted to fluvial landscape historical recognition
Bachelot, Morgane. "Contamination de moules (mytilus sp.) en milieu marin par des substances pharmaceutiques et produits de soin." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON13505.
Full textPharmaceutical and personal care products used for human health protection are detected in all aquatic ecosystems. Among them, some compounds have physico-chemical or pharmacological properties that suggest a bioaccumulation capability. It’s the case of the UV filters, EHMC and OC, with log Kow higher than 5 or pharmaceuticals like diazepam and tetrazepam, with log Kow higher than 2.82. The aim of these Phd works was to assess marine mussels contamination for UV filters and benzodiazepines. So, a new analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of these compounds in mussels. EHMC and OC analysis realized in mussels sampled in French coastal waters showed that mainly contamination came from recreational activities in summer season, and that semi-closed areas were more contaminated. Moreover, laboratory experiments showed that mussels had clearly not bioaccumulate these 2 UV filters. Contamination levels in mussels are controlled by water concentrations. Conversely, benzodiazepines were not detected in coastal mussels. However, laboratory experiments showed an accumulation of benzodiazepines in mussels, suggesting elimination and metabolization means. Mussels are nevertheless usefull bioindicators of marine contamination by emerging compounds, allowing to characterize higher risk areas or periods
MEHDAOUI, OUMAIMA. "La lagune de moulay bouselham - reserve biologique de la cote atlantique marocaine : qualite chimique des eaux contamination des differentes composantes de l'ecosysteme par les organochlores. risques chimiques pour la population." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066337.
Full textRouzeau, Benoit. "Le patrimoine hydraulique et industriel de l'abbaye cistercienne de Morimond entre la fondation et la Guerre de Trente Ans : énergies et matériaux d'après les sources écrites et archéologiques." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010666.
Full textRouillard, Joséphine. "L' homme et la rivière : histoire du bassin de la Vanne au moyen-âge (XIIe-XVIe)." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010689.
Full textOulaaross, Zhor. "Étude climatologique, hydrogéologique et géophysique du Sahel Côtier des Doukkala (Maroc). Apport de l'analyse statistique et de l'inversion des données géoélectriques à l'étude du biseau salé de la lagune de Sidi Moussa." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13965/document.
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Andrisoa, Aladin Danoary. "Ecological impacts of groundwater discharge to Mediterranean coastal lagoons." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190326_ANDRISOA_564o889xp122jxhof868gdfl_TH.pdf.
Full textWhilst the role of groundwater discharge and porewater fluxes (recirculation) as important pathways for nutrient delivery to coastal systems is increasingly being recognized, there remains limited evidence of its “downstream” ecological implications. This thesis aims at investigating the ecological role that groundwater flows play in some aspects of the functioning and vulnerability of coastal lagoonal ecosystems. Two contrasting lagoons on the french mediterranean coastline were studied (La Palme and Salses-Leucate lagoons). Our results show that the recirculation of lagoon water through the lagoon sediments is the main source of both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous (DIP) to La Palme lagoon. The nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ15N) in primary producers reflect predominantly the nitrogen isotopic signatures of the terrestrial (karstic) groundwater and porewater source in both La Palme and Salses-Leucate lagoons, demonstrating the important role of these sources in supporting primary production. The carbon isotope signatures (δ13C) indicate groundwater discharge as a significant source also of dissolved inorganic carbon to primary producers. Further more, the variations in growth rate and condition index (tissue weight / shell weight) of the Mediterranean mussels growing in and outside groundwater-influence in Salses-Leucate lagoon were examined. Mussels from the groundwater-influenced sites have higher growth rate and condition index compared to those from the control site, likely as consequence of both the higher winter temperatures and the groundwater-driven nutrient supply that increase the food availability to support mussel growth
Cloquier, Christophe. "Les installations fluviales médiévales et modernes du cours de la Somme : approche archéologique et documentaire de l'équipement et de l'exploitation d'un fleuve côtier du début du XIIe siècle à la Révolution." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010631.
Full textPalos, Ladeiro Mélissa. "Interactions protozoaires – moule zébrée (Dreissena polymorpha) : implication en biosurveillance sanitaire et environnementale." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS005/document.
Full textAssessment of the water biological contamination by protozoa is crucial since one in two person of the world population is or has been infected by a parasitic zoonosis. The main protozoa responsible of waterborne outbreaks are Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii. Currently, protozoa detection is only based on water analysis. Irrelevant and time consuming, water analysis do not permit accurate biomonitoring. These project aims to use the freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, as a new complementary tool for biological quality analysis of freshwater. Through in vivo, ex vivo and in situ experiments, we determine the utility of zebra mussel for protozoa accumulation and their accumulation pattern within mussel tissues. Already use as a sentinel specie for chemical contamination, biological stress caused by protozoa has been determined in laboratory experiments on key cells of bivalve immunity, the hemocytes. Hence, Dreissena polymorpha could be involved in a twofold biomonitoring tactics: sanitary biomonitoring related to the use of zebra mussel as vector to protozoa with public health issue and environmental biomonitoring on understanding of the confounding factors in biological responses used as biomarkers
Jean, Alain Michel. "Les architectes de l'eau en Basse Provence de la Renaissance au XXe siècle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10003.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the big hydraulic facilities in the lower Provence region, between the Renaissance and the XXth century. It concerns mainly bringing water for various purposes : Floquet Project, Craponne, Boisgelin, Carpentras, Marseille, Verdon, and Provence canals (the Van Ens canal are devoted to drainage work).These constructions are studied under technical, economical, financial, and political point of view.Common characteristics appear; different financing methods (public or private), project gestation time, mistakes and different managements are studied to try to explain the reasons of success of these constructions
Mimouni, Rachida. "Yersinia enterocolitica et aliments : Contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de détection, approche de la compréhension des mécanismes de virulence et de contamination." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10049.
Full textPotet, Marine. "De l’acclimatation à l’adaptation : mécanismes évolutifs, conséquences populationnelles et implication en biosurveillance." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0256/document.
Full textThe regulatory framework defined by the Water Framework Directive requires the development of reliable methodologies for assessing and / or characterizing the health status of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this thesis was to identify the relative roles of environmental parameters (temperature, seasonal cycle, mineralization), population characteristics and anthropic pressures on biomarker responses in a model aquatic organism, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). A sister species, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, which invaded more recently our waterways, has been used in parallel and its potential as a biomonitor has also been evaluated. For this purpose, a battery of a dozen sub-cellular biomarkers was measured in different populations of the two species living in contrasting environments, at different times of the year, but also under laboratory stresses. The selected biomarkers corresponded to different physiological and / or antitoxic functions, and responses with high ecological relevance, such as oxygen consumption or filtration activity, were occasionally followed. These various parameters allowed to question the concepts of sensitivity and vulnerability of the populations and to understand the factors determining biomarker responses. Inter-population differences showed that the accumulation of contaminants by organisms and their biomarker responses depend on environmental quality at the originating site of each population, but also on the season, a confounding factor which must therefore be taken into account during biomonitoring programs. Strong differences in biomarker responses between the two species were also observed, both in situ and during laboratory experiments, emphasizing the need to differentiate the two species, so close they are. The recent invader, D. r. bugensis, presents more plastic responses in situ, but appears less able to manage acute stress in laboratory. Conversely, D. polymorpha, which is about 200 years old in France, appears to be better adapted, with less response variability and a better tolerance to contaminants. This thesis work is part of the BIOMICS convention, carried out in collaboration with ONEMA. It shows that these two species are able to inform about the contamination status of their environment. Variations in biomarker responses at the sub-cellular level indicate early changes in environmental quality. Some biomarkers, however, seem more informative than others do, so the measured battery could be reduced. In the future, this work will allow a better reading and interpretation of biomarkers measured in autochthonous or transplanted populations, and attest the value of biomarkers as tools for assessing aquatic environment quality
Bhérer, Yan. "Alimentation et croissance de l'omble moulac et de l'omble lacmou dans la Réserve faunique de Portneuf." Thèse, 2015. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3723/1/BhxE9rer_uqac_0862N_10166.pdf.
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