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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mountain climbing'
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1
Lockwood, Nina Catherine. "Motivations for mountain climbing : the role of risk." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6969/.
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Using people actively involved in mountain climbing, this thesis explores people's motivations to participate in mountain climbing, an activity frequently characterised in terms of risk. Moreover, using a variety of both quantitative and qualitative methods the assessment of the role of risk as a motivation for mountain climbing is central to the thesis. The first study (N = 232) employed a theory of planned behaviour framework that incorporated beliefs about risk, together with other behavioural beliefs, as a means to investigate the motivations of mountain climbers. Although risk emerged as significant positive predictor of attitudes towards mountain climbing, it was the weakest of the four predictor variables. Study Two (N = 207) presents a psychometric analysis which mapped perceptions of eight types of climbing onto a three component (Challenge, Risk, and Enjoyment) representation of the characteristics associated with mountain climbing. The position of each type of climbing revealed some clear differences between these types in relation to each of the three dimensions. The results presented provide a useful insight into which particular types of climbing should be studied further to build upon the current understanding of the role and importance of risk to participation in mountain climbing. Study Three (N = 205) used a laddering methodology in order to identify the hierarchical relationship between motives reported by climbers who participate in three types of climbing. Individual cognitive maps were created for each type of mountain climbing. Inspection of both the cognitive maps and indices designed to reflect the importance of individual motives seem to suggest that the importance of risk to people's participation may be less than originally thought. Study Four (N = 37) was an on-line qualitative study which addressed mountain climbers‟ views concerning the popular yet controversial opinion that climbers are motivated by risk. Overall, risk appeared to acquire motivational status as a result of its instrumental relationship with other factors explicitly labelled as motivations for mountain climbing. Together, these findings suggest that, while risk occupies an important position within people's motivations to participate in mountain climbing, it is not risk per se that is key to people‟s participation. Moreover, the results presented hint at risk acting as a facilitator, something necessary to the fulfilment of other important motivations for mountain climbing.
2
Waldman, Benjamin F. "Climbing the Mountain of Conflict: Margaret Thatcher's Falklands Crisis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1112.
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Early in her Prime Ministership, Margaret Thatcher fought an unlikely diversionary war far from home for the ownership of the Falkland Islands. The Islands lie off of Argentina’s coast about 8,000 miles from London, but have been subject to Britain’s rule since 1836. In April 1982, hoping to distract from domestic political and economic turmoil, Argentina’s military dictatorship ordered a surprise invasion of the Islands. Thatcher, Britain’s first female Prime Minister, responded in full force. By early May, a British fleet reached the Islands. By June, despite American efforts to stop a war between its allies, Britain launched an assault on the Islands and took them back by force. Thatcher’s victory propelled her to immense popularity in late-1982 and 1983, and the Argentine dictatorship’s defeat gave life to a people’s revolt that quickly ended the regime and decades of military leadership.
This thesis examines Thatcher’s leadership in April 1982, before Britain launched its retaliatory invasion of the Islands. It seeks to answer how Thatcher managed to make the war possible and popular in three key arenas: with her own cabinet and government, with the United States and the United Nations, and ultimately with the British public. This study operates on the idea that the war served as an intentional diversion for Thatcher, who had struggled domestically as Prime Minister up until the Falklands Crisis. Utilizing newly released archival documents from the Thatcher government, this study shows the Prime Minister never had any interest in avoiding war, undermining any potential for peace as it emerged.
3
Langton, Graham. "A history of mountain climbing in New Zealand to 1953." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3549.
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This thesis examines the development of recreational mountain climbing in
New Zealand from before 1840 to the 1950s. This small facet of social history
illustrates certain aspects of the evolution of the wider New Zealand society. A
variety of influences from overseas, especially from Britain, impacted on New
Zealand mountain climbing, However, it always showed indigenous
characteristics and the local elements became more distinct. After the First
World War club organisation and activity independent of guides came to
dominate, as mountaineering based on tramping became the norm. Issues of
class were resolved but the participation of women was problematic. In the
interwar years, mountaineering began to be identified with earlier pioneering
and with male physical culture. This led to a more egalitarian recreation but
within climbing the evolution of a masculinist culture meant that the place of
women remained ambiguous and their progress was limited. Redevelopment
of climbing after the Second World War led to the ascent of Mt Everest by
Edmund Hillary in 1953 which crystallised many of the long-term features of
New Zealand mountain climbing. It was a restatement of imperial ties, and it
confirmed male dominance, but it was also a notable step forward in the
internationalisation of New Zealand mouritaineers. More importantly, Everest
marked the inclusion of the mountaineer in the New Zealand identity which
had been previously developed through pioneering, sport and war.
4
Baratta, Christopher T. ""When you're on top of a mountain, keep climbing" : Jack Kerouac's path to enlightenment in the Dharma Bums /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-1/barattac/christopherbaratta.pdf.
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Nodari, Maria Luisa. "Climbing for the nation : epics of mountaineering in Tibet." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648226.
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O'Hara, Michael E. "Congestion effects in valuation of recreation land using revealed preference methods an application to rock climbing resources at New York's Shawangunk Ridge /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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7
Kedrowski, Jon J. "Assessing Human-Environmental Impacts on Colorado's 14,000- Foot Mountains." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001468.
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TUAN, LAI HSIU, and 賴秀端. "Decoding mountain climbing photographs in Taiwan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09694669880708987043.
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Huang, Juin-Jei, and 黃俊傑. "The design and research of mountain-climbing products 「Mountain Shower」." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v8yhjr.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
設計研究所
97
The aim of this thesis is designing a product to resolve cleaning problems which climbers meet during the mountaineering, the method to carry out this thesis was using literature review to apply to the creation. The researcher had referred to many related studies to understand the preparation before mountaineering, the process during climbing and the situation on climbers’ way of return, and found 3 factors are very important to support climber’s life, they are food, water and clothing, it may cause danger if one of them is insufficient. According to the related surveys, climbers can’t clean their body thoroughly because water is not approachable. Due to the problem, it would be helpful to climbers if a cleaning product for climbers is designed. In normal, people would take a bath at least once a day, mountain climbing is an intensive activity, uncomfortable feeling will cause if someone do not take a shower after climbing, sweat and dust result to a sticky feeling which is unbearable. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to develop a product , Mountain shower ,to help climbers cleaning their body without water, thus, climbers can keep their body clean without using water, moreover, it is pollution free and waste free.
10
Fan, Wei-Lan, and 范瑋蘭. "Serious Leisure: Several Mountaineers’ Mountain Climbing Experience." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51007855818666996779.
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碩士國立體育大學
體育推廣學系碩士班
97
The purpose of this study was to explore that serious leisure participants’ mountain climbing motivation, the progress of participating in mountain climbing activities, factor which in the enduring involvement, and they face to the mountain climbing to have what thanking. This study was through in-depth interviews with six serious leisure participants who enjoy going mountain climbing very much. Result to show that the participants start to participate in the mountain climbing with primary family, good friend and personal interest related. The mountain climbing is one way which talks about the old days with good friends; moreover they like with good friends go to mountain climbing together which knows well. Living environment is completely different in-and-out of the mountains. In the mountain, can abandon the daily life temporarily and relaxes well. Let the body and mind wander about natural environment completely, having the pure joyful, also can restore oneself the energy. In addition, interpersonal relationship interaction comparison warm in the mountain. The process of one step by step toward in destination advance, and slow down the footsteps to experience every small detail attentively in the process. The process of with good friends, mountain, self-interaction and self-dialog is an important of mountain climbing. Travel of the mountain, regarding the serious leisure participants are not only the mountain climbing, including many individual emotions and linking many happy memories in the past. Interpersonal interactive relations well in the mountain, and mountain which is also talks with good friends and gets together place. After climbing the mountain, has not given full expression joyful; wanting to go another mountain see some dissimilar scenery; these factors, are let the serious leisure participant go to the mountain again and again the power. The mountain climbing besides already was in a life part, friends are always go together to mountain climbing, each other's friendship also has family member's intimate emotion. Through mountain climbing can pursue to group of good friends who most suits with the individuality, also most gets along well. The mountain living environment, can let the human study grow, become in the individuality independent, also has the courage regarding the new things to attempt, the exploration. In addition, the mountain also likes serious leisure participant mind’s family; it can comfort people’s heart that the chaotic train of thought. When immerses in the natural environment atmosphere, on the tranquil earth, thinking different solution, was found oneself facing the reality energy.
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Huang, Li-Ying, and 黃麗螢. "Striding across the mountain of life: Women, mountain climbing experience and herstory." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44799121801585871450.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
95
The research starts with the researcher’s experiences and observations on mountain climbing, who wants to disclosure the myths of certain common ideas in the field of mountain climbing, such as “there is no gender differences when going mountain climbing,” “females serve as males, and males serve as animals”, etc. A qualitative analysis is presented on female mountain climbing experiences as well as the relationship between mountain climbing and female lives, based on the interviews with 11 females who enjoy going mountain climbing very much. Both participant observation and text analysis are applied to this work too. Feminist perspectives on women’s leisure and recent academic attention on gendered flows help the researcher to discover the situation women are in when they shuttle among in-and-out-of the mountains, leisure and everyday life. In the process of climbing mountain and being away from human society, people might also put away their gender identity. Therefore, “being myself” and having genuine relationships with others become plausible. However, gender stereotypes are still found in a physical or social way, and in the gender performance of the division of labor and in human interaction. Women’s observation helps us to reflect on the masculine and dominant perspectives in the mountain-climbing field. Besides, females stride across the concrete or metaphorical boundary of gender, contact different geographical space and life styles and then see various dimensions of others and selves. All the reflective thinking and action are aroused and cause conflicts, which are shown in body, self, human interactions, values, and careers too. When females are out of the mountains, these experiences of flow contribute to women’s empowerment, encouragement of pursuing one’s own life style and even self-realization. Some women reflect again on what the meaning of flow and rootedness is after becoming mothers. This work presents different female mountain-climbing experiences and various characteristics among female climbers, strategically representing women’s voices and expecting to extend the imaginary space of mountain climbing by having conversations with mainstream values. Therefore, hopefully each climber can find his or her own way to construct self-identification. Furthermore, the traces are also found in this work that female climbers actively construct their self-identification in the flow of time and space; no matter how their lives are going, the mountains are never away from their lives.
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Chung, Chang Shih, and 張世宗. "The Mountain-Climbing Type Reverse Progressive Additive Lens." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43gam4.
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"Dietary Intake Behaviors of Recreational Mountain Hikers Climbing "A" Mountain in Summer and Fall." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.56957.
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abstract: More than 200 hikers are rescued annually in the greater Phoenix area. This study
examined the impact of hiking in hot (HOT), dry temperatures versus moderate (MOD)
temperatures on dietary intake behaviors as well as markers of heat stress. Twelve
recreational mountain hikers climbed “A” Mountain four consecutive times (4-miles) on
a HOT day (WBGT=31.6 °C) and again on a MOD day (WBGT= 19.0 °C). Simulated
food and fluid behavior allowed participants to bring what they normally would for a 4-
mile hike and to consume both ad libitum. The following heat stress indicators (mean
difference; p-value), were all significantly higher on the HOT hike compared to the MOD
hike: average core temperature (0.6 °C; p=0.002), average rating of perceived exertion
(2.6; p=0.005), sweat rate (0.54; p=0.01), and fluid consumption (753; p<0.001). On the
HOT hike, 42% of the participants brought enough fluids to meet their individual
calculated fluid needs, however less than 20% actually consumed enough to meet those
needs. On the MOD hike, 56% of participants brought enough fluids to meet their needs,
but only 33% actually consumed enough to meet them. Morning-after USG samples
≥1.020 indicating dehydration on an individual level showed 75% of hikers after the
HOT hike and 67% after the MOD hike were unable to compensate for fluids lost during
the previous day’s hike. Furthermore, participant food intake was low with only three
hikers consuming food on the hot hike, an average of 33.2g of food. No food was
consumed on the MOD hike. These results demonstrate that hikers did not consume
enough fluids to meet their needs while hiking, especially in the heat. They also show
heat stress negatively affected hiker’s physiological and performance measures. Future
recommendations should address food and fluid consumption while hiking in the heat.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Nutrition 2020
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Liu, Ming-Chung, and 劉明全. "Research on mountain-climbers’ perception of risks of mountain climbing—from the perspective of leisure education." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02690899833847537198.
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碩士國立體育學院
體育研究所
91
The purpose of this study was to understand the differences in the perception of the risks associated with mountain climbing among different classes of mountain climbers in the hope of decreasing mountain climbing accidents and promoting leisure education. 500 copies of a questionnaire formulated by the researcher were delivered to randomly chosen individuals? Among which, 311 valid samples had been finished and returned to the researcher. The return rate was 62.2%. The subject of this study was members of both adult mountain climbing clubs and college student mountain-climbing clubs. The data collected was analyzed and tested by t-test, one-way ANAOVA, and two-way ANOVA in order to detect significant differences in the perception of the risks associated with mountain climbing. The study results indicated: 1. In the correlation between “personal attributive characters” and perception of “risks associated with mountain-climbing”, the study result indicated significant differences among all nine variables: gender, age, occupation, educational background, income, affiliated alpinist club, frequency of mountain-climbing, and seniority. 2. Male mountain climbers had a higher perception of “possible factors leading to risks” and “mountain climbing skills”. Male also had a higher perception of “risks associated with mountain climbing.” 3. The older the age, the higher the perception. 4. Student mountain climbers had lower perceptions of “risks associated with mountain climbing” than climbers of other occupations. 5. Contrary to common belief, the study showed that college graduates and above had lower perception of “man-made risk factors”, “solidarity cognition”, and “equipage” than junior high school graduates and below. Regarding “solidarity cognition”, college graduates and above had lower perception than high school graduates. As to overall “risk associated with mountain climbing”, college graduates showed lower perception than senior-high graduates and below. 6. Income group of NT$30,000~49,999 showed higher perception in overall “risks associated with mountain climbing.” 7. College student mountain climbers had lower perception of overall “risks associated with mountain climbing”. 8. Mountain climbers having an average of more than seven mountain climbing experiences every year had higher perception in the overall “risks associated with mountain climbing.” 9. Mountain climbers of more than six years’ climbing experience had higher perception of overall “risks associated with mountain climbing” than climbers with less than five years’ experience. 10.The motive for mountain climbing was shown as following in decreasing importance: “getting close to nature”, “exercise”, “social”, “stress-release”, “photography”, and “adventure.” 11.During the past twenty-one years, more mountain climbing accidents were related to man-made risk factors than natural risk factors. Due to the lack of complete statistics, the ratio of mountain climbing accidents involved with adult vs. student mountain climbing clubs could not be assessed. The most common type of mountain climbing accidents were falling off cliffs and heat loss related death. More accidents happened in January, February July and October than the other months. The findings of this study supported the importance of leisure education in order to lower the risks and increase the safety of mountain climbing. Key Words: mountain-climbing、mountain 、risk、leisure education
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Chiang, Hsiao Fang, and 蔣曉芳. "The Economic Analysis of Emergency Scouting andRescue System for Mountain Climbing." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69qt5z.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
財富與稅務管理系碩士在職專班
102
Mountaineering is a leisure activity that consumes private property of the climbers. Reasons for the occurrence of mountain accidents in Taiwan are mostly human factors that climbers themselves do not attach importance to climbing safety and do not make full preparation before climbing. On the other hand, the costs of mountain search and rescue are fully borne by the Government, which reduces the risk cost of climbers’ mountain accidents and leads to frequent unfortunate events. However, the search and rescue costs of unexpected disasters happened through personal consumption of private property are borne by all taxpayers, both unreasonable and unfair. Due to issues like climbers’ overuse of mountain rescue resources, lack of funding for mountain search and rescue equipment updates as well as lack of search and rescue personnel training, this study suggests under inference and analysis by game theory that climbers should pay reasonable fees if they want to have a sound mountain rescue service. “User pays” approach should be adopted to cover the necessary expenses for mountain search and rescue, to train search and rescue personnel about searching techniques, and to be used as funding sources of updating mountain search and rescue equipment. On the other hand, climbers can be urged to make adequate preparation before climbing to ensure their own safety, reduce the possibility of mountain accidents, and curb the abuse of mountain search and rescue resources. For the unfortunate climbers suffering from mountain accidents, there will be rescue organizations with more sophisticated mountain search and rescue techniques, which can significantly improve the success rate of mountain rescue and achieve a more efficient use of mountain rescue resources. This study suggests that in order to effectively use mountain search and rescue resources, “user pays” approach should be adopted on climbers who use mountain rescue services. The fees can be used as the financial resources of rescue costs to cover search and rescue personnel’s salaries, to update and maintain soft and hard mountain rescue equipment, to provide supplies and medical aid, and to train search and rescue personnel.
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Chang, Pei-Chieh, and 張珮婕. "Mobile Vital Signs and Positioning Monitoring System for Mountain Climbing Victims." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qq63hj.
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碩士高苑科技大學
資訊科技應用研究所
105
This research wants to achieve time and effort to improve rescue costs. Heartbeat sensor, electronic compass, Zigbee communication protocol to form a network, smartphone routing information and GPS coordinates Arduino using built-in system with embedded system On the server side, send a help message to the rescue unit via the server, We narrow down the search range and find the victim more quickly.
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SU, SHENG-WEI, and 蘇聖為. "The Study on Leisure Motivation, Leisure Experience, Leisure Satisfacion and Participation Intention of Baibin Mountain Mountain Climbing." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nbe7h6.
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碩士美和科技大學
運動與休閒系碩士班
107
Study on leisure motivation, leisure experience, leisure satisfaction and participation intention of mountaineers in Baibin Mountain The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between leisure motivation, leisure experience, leisure satisfaction and participation intention of mountain climbers in Baibin Mountain. The survey was conducted by climbers on Mount Baibin, and the method was to collect data on mountaineers through convenient sampling methods at the mountain entrances, seating areas and triangle points of Mount Baibin through questionnaires. A total of 420 questionnaires were distributed, with a resulting effective questionnaire of 400 and the recovery rate of the valid questionnaire was 95.2%. The data is statistically analyzed by SPSS 20 for Windows. The results of the study found that: (1) mountaineers in Baibin Mountain, with male, 51-60 years old, military education occupation, university (special) education, middle income income of the largest number of people. (2) Mountain climbers with different background variables have significant differences in leisure motivation, leisure experience, leisure satisfaction, and participation intention. (3) There is a significant positive correlation between leisure motivation and leisure experience, there is a significant positive correlation between leisure experience and leisure satisfaction, there is a significant positive correlation between leisure motivation and leisure satisfaction. (4) leisure satisfaction directly affects participation intention.
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WU, YU-CHIH, and 吳有智. "A Study of Mountain Rescue Mechanism Based on Risk Management- Implement with Mountain Climbing in RueiFang of New Taipei City." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c8pz2m.
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碩士醒吾科技大學
資訊科技應用系
107
Taiwan is surrounded by the sea and mountains, the rapid progress of industrial and commercial activity, under pressure for a long-time busy working, holiday leisure mountaineering has become a major activity of the people. In essence, mountaineering activities have the incentive to experience the stimulation of nature and sports, so that climbers can gather friends, and the activities are rich and interesting, which makes many people often engage in this activity. However, according to statistics, there have been frequent incidents of mountain accidents and accidents in the mountaineering activities. Many people lack correct understanding of mountaineering activities, which has greatly affected the positive benefits of mountaineering activities. In view of this, how to strengthen the climber's pre-school education cognition and plan a complete and effective mountain rescue mechanism is a top priority. Therefore, this study analyzes the difference between mountain climbers' awareness of mountaineering risk and the influencing factors of domestic mountain disasters, and plans the overall mountain rescue mechanism. The research method adopts the literature survey and self-edited "Mountaineering Risk Management Questionnaire", and combines the existing organizational division of labor to design a rescue operation mechanism, and finally collects the feasibility of the practice of climbing case analysis in Ruifang District, New Taipei City. The research results show that the current sources of various types of mountain disasters are not enough due to the lack of basic knowledge of mountain climbers, the lack of information on mountain climbing before the trip, and the preparations related to mountaineering. However, the risk perception of the mountain disaster and the response to the corresponding risk management are quite backward. It is urgent for the competent authorities to strengthen the promotion and formulation of relevant management norms. In the study, the corresponding rescue mechanism plan was proposed, which can provide a safe management mechanism for future mountaineering leisure activities through the perspective of risk management. The research output can improve the cognition of climbers and provide rescue management results for the disasters in the mountains. Advice on providing pre-event education for future climbers will enable mountaineering and leisure activities to achieve better results in environmental management and event safety promotion of risk management. The output of this study will improve the understanding of climbers and provide relief management results for the disasters. Moreover, provide recommendations on the future of education ahead climber, mountaineering to promote recreational activities in environmental management and event promotion, to get better results.
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Keong, Fong Kin, and 馮健強. "The Risk Management of Mountain Climbing among College Students: A Case Study From Climbing Three of the Highest 100 Peaks in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x23k8m.
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碩士國立臺東大學
體育學系碩士班
103
The aim of this study is to explore the risk management among the mountain climbing activities of college students. The research was conducted by the qualitative methodology to answer the following questions: (1) What are the frequent risks of college students’ mountain climbing? (2) How the college students evaluate the risks? and (3) How to manage the risk before mountain climbing? The research participants were seven college students from the Department of Physical Education at National Taitung University. The conclusions go as follows: (1) The climbing plan should includes the communication among the members, the understandings for the members’ skills, the system of crisis management, organizing the members. (2) Individual’s concept, skill, mental/psychological issues, and flexibility. (3) The weather conditions and the wild animals awareness. (4) The selection of the gears and the regulations for the damage. In the end, the research suggests the process of risk management for the college students climbing the high mountain and also points out the possibility for future study.
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何孟軒. "Research on the Effects of Adventure-based Mountain Climbing Program on Adolescents’ Self Concept." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58165820481270705048.
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碩士國立體育大學
休閒產業經營學系碩士班
95
Abstract The purpose of this research was to understand the influence of adventure-based mountain climbing program on adolescents’ self- concept. The participants were divided into experimental and control groups while the former participated researcher’s design of mountaineering program. The “self-concept scale” and “interview” were used separately to explore the immediate effect after program and the follow-up effect 30 days later. Descriptive statistics was used to compare the changes in self-concept between experimental and control groups as well as the materials from the interview. In addition, the researcher expected to construct a program model for adventure education now or future. The main findings of this research were as follows: 1. The adventure-based mountain climbing program could bring out the immediate effect in “moral-self”, “social-self”, “self-identification”, “self-satisfactory”, “self-criticism”, “mental-self”, “self-action” and “total self-concept” for adolescents. 2. The adventure-based mountain climbing program could bring out follow-up effects in “family-self”, “moral-self”, “self-identification-”, “self-satisfactory”, “self-criticism”, “physical-self”, “mental-self”, “self-action” and “total self-concept” for adolescents 30 days after program. 3. Adolescents could obtain sense of achievement, increase in self-confidence, know the value of cooperation, have special experience, learn to care for others, understand how to self- reflection, know oneself more as well as to increase more satisfaction in self-satisfactory after participated in the adventure-based mountain climbing program. 4. Adolescents still maintain sense of achievement, increase self-confidence, understand how to self-reflection as well as know one self more 30 days after program. Also, these adolescents increase their willing to accept the challenge 30 days after program. Also, the researcher made suggestion for the government authorities, following research procedure and directions in the hope to make this research more contributions.
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feng, lin shi, and 林洒鋒. "The study of the senses about climbing risks and crisis processing from mountain climbers." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/juyb3s.
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碩士國立臺東大學
體育教學碩士在職專班
97
The purpose of the study was to discuss the differences of climbing risks and crisis processing from the climbers owing various kinds of backgrounds.And, it also wanted to tell the readers whether the climbing risks and crisis processing had relashionships to each other. More than that, the study also wanted to find a way to decrease mountain climbing accidents because of the climbers in lack of the senses of climbing risks and crisis processing. The writer took the questionnaire of Liou, ming-chiuan 2003 as a reference and combined it with the writer’s self-edited one to make a new questionnaire to investigate the subject. According to the result, the study showed that: 1.The backgrounds of mountain climbers,including sex、career、education、climbing frequency、climbing age、climbing seniority，were obviously relative to the senses, but only “income” wasn’t. 2. The more climbing frequencies、climbing ages and climbing seniorities they-the mountain climbers- had, the more senses of climbing risks they owned. 3.There were obvious connections between the senses of climbing risks and crisis processing. The result of the study was that for decreasing the mountain climbing accidents, people should join more mountain climbing activities to increase their experience.
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Lin, An Ting, and 林安庭. "A Study of the Relationship among Mountain-Climbing Participants’ Involvement, Flow Experience and Well-being." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00087944414122006104.
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碩士南台科技大學
休閒事業管理系
99
The purpose of this study was to examine mountain-climbing participants’ levels of involvement, flow experience and well-being, and further identify the relationships among these three variables. Moreover, the influence of personal attributes on these three variables and the four channel flow model was verified. A total of 472 valid questionnaires were conducted from July 21 to September 15 in 2010 and collected from a sample of mountain-climbing participants in Taiwan, who were members of climbing associations and participated at climbing activities twice a month. The data collected were analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, factor analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The findings were summarized as follows: From the research finding, mountain-climbing participants revealed relatively high levels of involvement and flow experience, but lower level of perceived well-being. Participants showed significance differences on both flow experience and well-being, with those classified into the flow channel having higher scores, and that confirmed the four channel flow model. In addition, participants with different personal attributes and participation patterns showed significant differences on involvement, flow experience and well-being, while those with different climbing patterns showed no differences on well-being. It is indicated that flow experience was mainly subject to personal skills on climbing. Besides, mountain-climbing participants’ involvement was positively predictive of flow experience and well-being, with self-expression dimension the most powerful one, while flow experience was also positively predictive of well-being, with the dimension of “challenge-skill balance and merging of action and awareness” the most powerful one. Finally, it is recommended that flow experience may act as a moderator between involvement and well-being.
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Hsu, Chen-Wei, and 許辰維. "An exploratory study of applying planned behavior theory to adventure recreationists’ behavior intentions for mountain climbing activity." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/en332a.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
觀光事業學系研究所
92
In order to understand the participant’s behavior intention of adventure recreation, the study employed the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to establish a behavior intention model of adventure recreation and furthermore to explore the interrelationships among individual’s attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, and behavior intention. The variables under investigation including: (1) attitude, which is composed of cognitive, affective, and behavior; (2) subjective norm, which is composed of primary group and secondary group; (3) perceived behavioral control, which is composed of self-efficacy and facilitating condition; and (4) attitude, subject norm, and perceived behavioral control will affect behavior intention. A total of four hundred and five mountaineers were clustered into high and non-high skill levels, and then, data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and linear structural relationships (LISREL) in order to compare different cluster’s models of behavior intention toward adventure recreation. The study results are shown as follows: 1.Participant’s attitude was positively explained by cognitive, affective, and behavior of adventure recreation, but there were significantly differences between different skill levels’ cognitive, affective, and behavior of adventure recreation corresponding with attitude. 2.Participant’s subjective norm was positively explained by primary group and secondary group of adventure recreation, but there were significantly differences between different skill levels’ primary group and secondary group of adventure recreation corresponding with subjective norm. 3.Participant’s perceived behavioral control was positively explained by self-efficacy and facilitating condition of adventure recreation, but there were significant differences between different skill levels’ self-efficacy and facilitating condition weight corresponding with perceived behavioral control. 4.With respect to the participants with high skill level, attitude and subject norm positively affected behavior intention, and attitude was the main factor affecting participants’ behavior intention. However, for the participants with non-high skill level, attitude was the only factor that positively affected behavior intention.
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Guo, Ming-Zhou, and 郭明洲. "The Comparisons of Physical Fitness and Sleeping Quality Between the Regular Mountain-climbing Elderly and Sedentary Controls." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14863624604637301022.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
91
The purposes of this study was to compare the difference of physical fitness and sleeping quality between the regular mountain-climbed elderly and sedentary controls. Eighty male subjects, ages from 60 to 70 years, lived in Taipei city or county were asked to perform the physical fitness test and filled out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Forty of the subjects had regularly mountain-climbed ( 3 times per week, more than 30 minutes each time ) for at least half year, and the other elderly didn’t have regular exercise habits. The t-test and χ2 test were used to analyzed the data. The results from the study was followed: 1. The cardiovascular fitness, lower extremity strength, flexibility and balance of the regular mountain-climbed elderly were significantly better than those of control groups. However, the body composition and the balance of the balance (open-eye one leg stand) of the two groups didn’t reach the significant levels. 2. The average scores of PSQI of regular mountain-climbed and control subjects were 5.8 and 5.5, respectively, and didn’t have significant difference. The regular mountain-climbed elderly had better physical fitness then those of sedentary subjects, but the sleeping quality didn’t show the difference between two groups.
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Mei-Lee, Chiou, and 邱美麗. "A Study on People’s Cognitions of Mountain Climbing SafetyA Case Study of the Chatianshan National Trail System." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16856085867005870236.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
觀光休閒事業管理研究所
95
Mountain climbing and hiking in mountain areas are encouraged by the Taiwanese government and many business corporations in Taiwan. However, there are many potential dangers in mountain areas. When people travel with a happy mind, their cognition of safety often been reduced. Furthermore, many people do not have good cognitions of mountain climbing safety. These cause many sad events had happen in mountain areas. This study aimed to realize people’s cognition of mountain climbing safety. Three hundreds and thirty six questionnaires were collected in the Chatianshan National Trail. T-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Chi-square Test, Important-Performance Analysis Method, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the obtained data. People who visit the Chatianshan National Trail were found to be mountain climbing lovers. The obtain the necessary knowledge of mountain climbing mainly rely on their personal experiences, reading mountain climbing related books and magazines, and surf related mountain climbing websites. People who have different mountain climbing experiences, different occupations, and different education level were found to have significant difference in their cognition of mountain climbing safety. In contrast, people who have different sex and age were found do not have significant difference in their cognition of mountain climbing safety. Some people have pointed out that the number of warning signs and direction signs should be increased which worth the authorities to pay attention on.
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Jian, Shih-Jie Jhang, and 張簡仕傑. "Exploring the Relationships of Recreation Specialization, Environmental Attitudes and Environmental Behavior: The Case of Mountain Hiking and Rock Climbing." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08205740167365372030.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
森林學系所
105
Mountain hiking and rock climbing have been popular recreation activities for years in Taiwan. Many participants become more specialized from these activities. Based on the definition of recreation specialization, there were similar characteristics between mountain hikers and rock climbers. On the other hand, the increased participants also brought various specializtion oreintations and social groups, thus resulted in more complicated interaction with the environment. Additionally, accidents happened due to participates’ lack of risk perception. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship of recreation specialization of mountain hiking and rock climbing, environmental attitudes and environmental behavior. This study intended to understand: (1) the specialization ring including cognitive, behavior and emotional specialization and the interaction among them; (2) the degree of recreation specialization affected environmental attitudes; (3) the degree of environmental attitudes affected environmental behavior. The internet servey was used via snowball sampling method. Overall 281 valid samples were completed, includeing 112 mountain hiking samples, 58 rock climbing samples, and 111 for both mountain hiking and rock climbing. The data analysis method included exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, multiple regression analysis and canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that there were significant relationships in recreation specialization including cognitive, behavior and emotional specialization between mountain hikers and rock climbers. The aforementioned significant relationships were found for both mountain hikers and rock climbers, For the both activity sample, the cluster analysis showed two clusters including mountain hiking preference cluster and rock climbing preference cluster. For mountain hikers, the results showed that specialization significantly affected environmental attitudes and environmental behavior, on the other hand, the aforementioned relationship was not found for rock climbers. For the both acticity sample, the results showed that specialization did not affect environmental attitudes and environmental behavior, however, the result showed that environmental attitudes significantly affected environmental behavior. This study also offered management implications including: (1) The government was suggested to identifying management regulation for both mountain hiking and rock climbing activity; (2) the government may promote environmental education through private sectors such as through rock climbing setting owners to reduce the negative environmrntal impacts; (3) the government was suggested to identifying management regualtions according to participants’ different level of specializtion so as to enhance their environmental attitudes and further promote environmental friendly behavior.
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Lin, Yi-Ming, and 林義閔. "The Influence of Incorporating Experiential Educating Model into Leave No Trace Mountain Climbing Class on Adolescent's Outdoor Environment Behavior." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88014701911068683299.
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Kramářová, Barbora. "Československé expediční horolezkyně v běhu každodennosti od počátků tzv. normalizace do roku 1989." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344438.
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The thesis is devoted to the topic of ordinary life of women mountain climbers in the period of Czechoslovakian socialism (specifically between the years 1969 -1989). Through analysis and interpretationof oral historical interviews with women climbers who had participated in the national expeditions to foreign mountains, the author will reflect the following topics: how it could be possible to become a member of selective expedition team; how this "job" women climbers combined with a daily life, working duty, and its obligations in the family. The study will also focus on the issues of travelling, climbing topic as a prestigious international competition and presentation of this prestige by executive body; it will not stay aloof from the reflection of social or physical differences between Czechoslovakian climbers and other international teams and the intervention of the Communist Party in the composition of the expeditions. The work draw ordinariness of extraordinary fates of Czechoslovak women athletes - climbers nearer, and offers one of the possible approach to the relatively unexplored sector of Czechoslovakian sport.
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Kuo, Chiu-Ming, and 郭秋明. "The Study of Sports Professional License System in Taiwan,R.O.C.-The Examples of Rock-climbing Coachs and the Mountain Guides." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6nabf4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立大學
體育學系體育碩士在職專班
103
There are many sports specialists certifications about the areas between the international sports affairs and the national administrative affairs,this study hope to know the difference and systemaltization of the certifications aforementioned and took the rock-climbing coachs and the mountain guides as examples,this study were based on the relevant literature ,and the personal practices experience of the author,etc.It can undrstand the results from this study:First,the sports specialists certifications just only completely cover "International Olympic Committee" model sports specialists systems and the others. Secondly,it’s not same as the sports specialists systems under Article 11 of " National Sports Act" and Article 5 of the" Enforcement Rules of National Sports Act".Thirdly,it can handle the problems about the business or private sports specialists in the current provisions of Article 11, "Sports Industry Development Act" and maybe handle "International Olympic Committee" model sports specialists systems and the others,too.Fourth, the overall long-term observation,there is a law also "Sports Specialists Act",in order to deal with the separately patterns by a unified specification and have different operating procedures enacted.
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Yu, Hsin-Wen, and 游欣雯. "The Research of the Effects of Mountain Climbing Experiential Learning on Self-Efficacy and Hope in the Elementary School Students." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8eztn8.
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碩士國立清華大學
教育心理與諮商學系教育心理與諮商碩士在職專班
106
This research aims to explore how mountain climbing affects fifth and sixth graders’ self-efficacy belief and cognitive model of hope. The researcher is a first line educator. She discovers that students in the city have little connection to nature. Students’ understanding of nature is more about grade seeking than knowledge learning. While living in their comfort zone, they rarely face challenges and give up easily. The researcher wishes to bring the children into the woods and use mountain climbing as a tool to help them acquire knowledge and gain self-esteem through experience. In addition to Kolb’s（1984）experience learning cycle to design the class. By using a quasi-experimental design, the research uses a class from an elementary school in Hsinchu city as the test group（N=22）and another class（N=24）from the same grade as the control group to run the self-efficacy scale and the hope scale. The test group experienced a half-year and three stages experiment. The control group experienced no particular measure. The quantitative result of this research presents in descriptive statistics and analysis of one-way covariance（one-way ANCOVA）. The researcher also uses students’ reflective journal as qualitative material for supplementary material. This research has two major discovery: 1.Mountain climbing experiment has an immediate contribution to a fifth grader’s self-efficacy belief. Yet, the result does not persist. 2.Mountain climbing experiment improves a fifth grader’s cognitive model of hope immediately. In addition, the result persists. According to the results of this experiment and the students’ reflective journals, mountain climbing can enhance fifth and sixth graders’ cognitive model of hope. This is still a valuable reference for the similar course design for the future. Key words: Experiential education, Outdoor Education, Positive psychology
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陳世英. "The research on the difference among variables of mountain climbing accidents from different background groups:accidents from 1952 to 2000 in Taiwan area." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92186445281428226033.
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Chou, Kuo-Wei, and 周國瑋. "Influence of Mountain Climbing Experience on the Adaptability of Students to School Life: Using a Private Junior High School in Taiwan as an Example." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u3m893.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所
105
This study examined the influence of mountain climbing experience on the adaptability of junior high school students in Taiwan. Students from a private junior high school in Taiwan were selected as the participants. Interviews were performed to understand their mountain climbing experience and current conditions for adjusting to the academic environment. The influence between their mountain climbing experience and adaptability to school life was analyzed by elucidating and categorizing their adjustment from two dimensions: personal and social adjustments. Personal adjustment was defined as their self-orientation, learning adaptability, self-awareness, and capacity to cultivate a sense of competence. Social adjustment was defined as their interpersonal relationship and adaptability to family. The study results indicated that when reflecting on their experience in mountain climbing, most of the participants acknowledged that they not only attained pure pleasure from the experience,but also understood and explore of nature. In addition, participating in mountain climbing (which requires physical strength, problem-solving skills, and a sense of perseverance) and immersing themselves in nature allowed them to gain new insight intolife. After completing various tasks during their mountain climbing expeditions, they also noticed an increase in their problem-solving skills. The participants’ present status of school life adjustment was generally determined by their adaptability to the learning environment. Their life or learning goals were mostly limited to focusing on current lessons and entering ideal colleges or universities in the future. Moreover, they exhibited an overall positive attitude toward solving problems or managing their lives, academic performance, and interpersonal relationships. From the perspective of personal adjustment, the effect of mountain climbing experience on the participants’adaptability to school life was positively associated with contemplating solutions, persevering in seeking solutions, and provoking possible solutions. From the perspective of social adjustment, most of the participants suggested that mountain climbing experience was useful for creating topics for conversation, increasing communication opportunities, improving interpersonal relationships, and obtaining the confidence to speak their opinions and engage in conversation. The conclusion of this study was used to generate a practical suggestion for mountain climbing organizers and institutions: plans or education pertaining to mountain climbing events should be discussed with students and related academic institutions to provide adequate activities for students. Specifically,such events must be integrated into student clubs and academic courses to ensure healthy personality development, with an aim of cultivating logical thinking and organized self-expression skills to enhance interpersonal relationships and communication skills
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Twu, Shuwroei, and 凃淑蕊. "A Study on the Relationships among Leisure Perceived Freedom , Social Support ,Leisure Benefits , Mountain Climbing Participation and Happiness- The case on the Hikers of the Hiking Trail." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qg9dw2.
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碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
101
This study seeks to explore the relation of hiker’s perceived freedom , social support , leisure benefits, leisure participation and happiness. Questionnaire survey was conducted and data were collected randomly.A total of 363 valid questionnaire（91.2% of 398）were utilized to answer research questions. After descriptive analysis，five results are shown： 1.The perceived freedom , social support , leisure benefits, leisure articipation and happiness are to be affected by Hikers’s are above- medium. 2. Gender, age, marriage, education occupation , occupation and financial conditions all had some effects on the hikers’ Perceived Freedom , Social Support , Leisure Benefits and Happiness. 3.There was a positive linear relationship between Perceived Freedom , Social Support , Leisure Benefits and the hikers’ Happiness. 4.Perceived Freedom and Leisure Benefits are positive correlation to the the hikers’ Happiness . 5. Leisure control and Esthetics benefits predicted the Happiness of the hikers. Based on the research findings, a discussion and recommendations for future research were made.
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Zelenková, Lucie. "Sportovní aktivity a ochrana přírody." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295816.
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Mountain climbing is a leisure activity being performed mainly in a natural environment. In our country can be found preponderance of convenient places for doing this kind of sport in the Specially Protected Areas. The basic legal regulation governing the performance of climbing in the Czech republic is the Act of Nature and Landscape Protection. This paper investigates opinions of Administration of Protected landscape Areas employees on climbers and on mountain climbing generally. It also investigates possible effects of mountain climbing according to the view of particular employees. For this investigation I have chosen a qualitative strategy of sociological research.
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Kan, Lu Kang, and 呂岡侃. "The research on Adventure Education Activities impact on the students' leadership of Junior High school students –taking a New Taipei City, a private school eighth graders Snow Mountain Climbing activities for example." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91512402562605354289.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系在職進修碩士班
100
The purpose of this study is to increase the leadership of junior students by developing leadership skills through adventure education activities design. The Eighth-grade students of a private school in New Taipei City are selected of the case in this study. Using the "Leadership Skills Inventory” as an investigative tool, by means of general investigate questionnaires for all the graders. Dividing students into experimental group and control group according to their participation in adventure education activities. Questionnaire are applied before and after the event. There are 181 questionnaires were received and 142 questionnaires are valid(87 from experimental group and 55 from control group). This study finds out the following influences toward leadership of junior high students by means of adventure education activities: 1.Students who participate in adventure education activities have significant difference on basic concepts of the leadership, written and communication skills, verbal communication skills, group dynamic skills, problem solving skills, personal characteristics, planning skills. Through the effectiveness size analysis , we can know the change is mild. 2.Gender factors do really make difference in leadering skills. The eighth grade female students performed significantly better than male students. The test results of the experimental group of female students in the basic concepts of the "leadership", "oral communication skills", “group dynamic skills”, “problem solving skills”, “personal characteristics”, and "plan skills” pass the significant test, and the effectiveness size of “basic concepts of the leadership”, “the group dynamic skills”, and “personal qualities" have change more than mezzo. 3.Students who play a leadership role have significant difference in "basic leadership concept", ”written and communication skills”, “problem summary skills”, “personal characteristics”, and “planning skills”. The “written communication skills” and “problem solving skills” are almost up to moderate change, which means being in charge of the leadership duty do really affect the leadership skills.
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Bunn, Matthew. "In the echoes of mountains: embodying climbing practice." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1308390.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis is an exploration of the social processes that produce more effective risk-takers in the practice of high-risk climbing. In a process of dispositional accumulation, climbers must undergo a change in the way that they perceive and embody vertical space. This extends the concept of ‘edgework’ (Lyng, 1990) into what I call critical necessity, where climbers become ‘committed’ and must continually remain engaged in specific and intense practices in order to return. The attributes of vertical space provide the perfect place to experience ‘social weightlessness’ (Bourdieu, 2000: 14). Those who can enter this space are not screened by arbitrary social requisites but instead by the mountain itself. The distinction of entering this space comes with a genuine threat of injury and death. But the climbing field is protected through an interplay of illusio and a doxic misinterpretation of the shift between the epistemological basis of the field, and the ontological experience of climbing itself. Dispositions are argued to be developed through more than a simple transferral (Bourdieu, 1984: 170) but instead can be acquired in a variety of ways that must be considered in their empirical context. Along with thirty five interviews, this research is based on eighteen months of multi-site ethnographic fieldwork with climbers engaged in high-risk rock climbing styles and ice, alpine and expeditionary climbing. The concept of habitus has been a guiding concept for this research, as it allows for a careful study of the dispositional attributes of the climbing body. Habitus has been used with a two-fold purpose. It is firstly used as a means of understanding how agents gain skills and orientate themselves to climbing practice. It has secondly been used, through the researchers own development, as a means of gaining greater embodied awareness of the social process required to become a climber. One of the crucial insights habitus offers is its improvisational and generative components. This is useful for exploring climbing practice, as climbing lacks organisational structures that guide its practitioners with authority – yet climbers maintain regularity. However, habitus is shown to have shortcomings in dealing with accounts of the individual in action because it has been theorised with an insensitivity to the scope of observation and analysis. In order to address this, the concept of the embodied echo is introduced as a means to explore the more radically embodied and experiential components of habitus. Through the use of echoes as an allegory for the construction of dispositions, it is possible to give specific accounts to the processes of dispositional acquisition, mutation and activation. In effect, it functions as a theory of the habitus in motion.
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Szotkowská, Lucie. "Aspekty pohybu ve vysokohorském prostředí, s důrazem na výškovou nemoc." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322727.
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This thesis is focused on aspects of mountains activities as a ski touring, hiking and mountaineering. This field of sports are associated with the risk of altitude sickness. The thesis examines key parameters that contribute to the emergence of altitude sickness. The other examinees parameters are weather conditions, influence of high altitude, physical training and physiological manifestations of individual person. The aim of this thesis was find out which sports are the most affected by high altitude sickness. And what are the most common symptoms of altitude sickness. It was based on the literature and questionnaire.
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Moreira, Rita Joana dos Santos. "The Mountains are Calling: Explorando as Dimensões do Flow em Atletas de Elite e Profissionais Outdoor." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85504.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoFoi realizada uma investigação qualitativa sobre experiências ótimas em práticas desportivas outdoor associadas à montanha e outros contextos naturais, a fim de aumentar a compreeensão da experiência subjetiva nestes contextos e obter uma maior perceção sobre a natureza do Flow em práticas como o alpinismo, a escalada em rocha, o trail running ou o montanhismo. Seis atletas de elite e profissionais com vários anos de experiência e ligados a estas atividades, foram entrevistados sobre experiências ótimas e, em seguida, foram questionados sobre os fatores associados à obtenção de estados de Flow durante a sua atividade. Foram recolhidos e analisados insights exploratórios, sendo que os fatores que emergiram de forma mais relevante percebidos como os mais importantes para entrar em Flow incluíam manter o foco apropriado e a concentração, sensação de controlo perante a situação, perceções cognitivas e sinestésicas aumentadas (associadas a sensações de bem estar e relaxamento), bem como o desempenho a pares. As descrições sobre o que ocorreu durante experiências ótimas em montanha foram comparadas a muitas das características do Flow descritas por Csikszentmibalyi (1975, 1990), no entanto algumas descrições foram acrescentadas como uma forte dimensão sinestésica, o timming/momento certo para agir e a união com os parceiros de modalidade. De acrescentar ainda que a ideia generalizada de que o Flow decorre a partir de um equilíbrio entre desafio e competência proposto no modelo original, foi questionada. Concluíu-se que principalmente em alta montanha estes estados de Flow são raros, constituindo-se mais como experiências vividas à posteriori. Recorrer à experiência de atletas e profissionais de atividades e desportos outdoor pode melhorar a compreensão dos estados de Flow à medida que ocorrem nestes contextos, de forma a que os atletas possam entender a ocorrência de Flow e talvez até mesmo experimentar Flow com maior frequência e intensidade. Além disso, esse entendimento pode ajudar os profissionais a melhorar as experiências e oportunidades de desenvolvimento de participantes nestas atividades, fomentar uma maior procura por atividades ao ar livre, bem como levar à investigação de fatores associados que possam despoletar estes estados igualmente noutros contextos.
A qualitative research was carried out on optimal experiences in outdoor sports associated with mountain and other natural contexts, in order to increase the understanding of the subjective experience in these contexts and to obtain a greater perception about the nature of Flow in practices such as alpinism, rock climbing, trail running or mountaineering. Six elite athletes and professionals with several years of experience and connected to these activities were interviewed about optimal experiences and then questioned about the factors associated with obtaining Flow states during their activity. Exploratory insights were collected and analyzed, and the factors that emerged most during the interviews and were perceived as the most important to enter into Flow included maintaining appropriate focus and concentration, feeling of control over the situation, increased cognitive and synesthetic perceptions (associated with feelings of well being and tranquility), as well as peer performance. The descriptions about what occurred during optimal mountain trials were compared to many of Flow's characteristics described by Csikszentmibalyi (1975, 1990), however some descriptions were added as a strong kinesthetic dimension, timing to act and the union with the modality partners. It should be added that the generalized idea that Flow is based on a balance between challenge and competence proposed in the original model was questioned. It was also concluded that mainly in high mountain climbs these states of Flow are rare, constituting more like experiences lived a posteriori. Drawing on the experience of athletes and outdoor sports professionals can improve understanding of Flow states as they occur in these contexts so that athletes can understand the occurrence of Flow and may even experience Flow with more frequency and intensity. In addition, this understanding can help practitioners improve participant experiences and opportunities in these activities, foster greater demand for outdoor activities, and lead research into associated factors that may trigger these states in other contexts as well.
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CHANG, HUEI-YU, and 張惠羽. "A study of the Relationship among Leisure Motivation, Leisure Involvement and Happiness of People Climbing the One hundred popular mountains in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3exvpj.
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碩士南臺科技大學
休閒事業管理系
107
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among leisure motivation, leisure involvement and the happiness of people who climbed the One Hundred Popular Mountains in Taiwan. The research participants were members of a public Facebook Group: The One Hundred Popular Mountains in Taiwan. A questionnaire survey method by convenience sampling was utilized. A sample of 610 web-based questionnaires were sent from February 26th to April 30th, 2019 and 600 valid responses were received. Statistical methods including descriptive statistic, factor analysis, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data and verify the research hypothesis. The research results indicated that: 1. Regarding the demographic data, women outnumbered male mountain hikers climbing the One Hundred Popular Mountains in Taiwan, however, the ratio was approximately the same. 60 percent of these mountain hikers ranged from 45 to 65 years old and most of them were married. Up to more than 70 percent of these hikers had “university degrees,” followed by “senior high school and vocational high school” diplomas. On average, their monthly income was “more than NT$55001,” and the monthly income “between 45001 and 55000” was the least. Regarding the occupation distribution status, most of the mountain hikers belong to “commerce industry / service industries,” followed by “agricultural, forestry, fishery and husbandry industries”. 268 mountain hikers lived in “Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli area”, where up to 44.7% of the participants who have climbed the One Hundred Popular Mountains in Taiwan and were “members of recreational clubs or mountaineering associations”, whereas some “people went mountain climbing alone”. Regarding the timing of climbing and hiking, most of them went on “holidays (Saturday, Sunday or national holidays)”. Regarding the number of mountains climbed, the group of “more than 81 mountains” was the highest one and the group of “between 61 and 80 mountains” was the least. 2. Regarding the linear regression analysis, the relationship between leisure motivation and leisure involvement of the hikers were positively correlated. Among them the prediction of “life motivation” had the better effect. Similarly, the leisure motivation and feeling on their happiness were also positively correlated which among them the prediction of “life motivation” also had the better effect. Leisure involvement and feeling of happiness were also positively correlated and among them, the prediction of “centrality” has the better effect.