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Journal articles on the topic 'Mountain climbing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Shu, Jian Ping, Shi Ping Fu, and Xiao Yuan Wen. "Four Girls Mountains Savage Peak Climbing Theme Attractions Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.387.

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By the fieldwork method, describe the basic situation of the four girls mountains one peak, explores the savage peak climbing area construction. Results indicate that four girls mountains peaks of geographical conditions suitable for construction in rock climbing as the theme of tourist attractions, Can plan set low, medium level of rock climbing experience area, limit climbing, blundering area, Big rock point of the downhill, camp, viewing deck and tourists rest camps, etc. The camp content is rich and concentrated, With perfect scenic area security system protection as support, Can be used as the rock theme attractions of four maiden's mountain area, At the same time to enhance mountain guide, mountain rescue, mountain co-ordinator and other technical system to cultivate ideal training base.

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2

Loggins, V. P. "Mountain Climbing." Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality 20, no. 1 (2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scs.2020.0000.

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3

Roszkowska, Ewa. "The Alpine context of the development of Polish mountaineering up to 1914." Studies in Sport Humanities 24 (July 12, 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7559.

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Polish Tatra tourism and its specialised form – mountaineering, experienced a dynamic period of their development in the second half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, at a period when Poland did not exist on world maps. At that time, the Tatra Mountains for Poles, were more than a place of fascination with mountains or implementation of mountain passion, they were a symbol of freedom, a kind of sacrum, „altars of freedom” and a testimony of national pride. Perhaps for this reason, the history of mountain climbing was viewed from a local, Polish perspective. In this article, it is shown that the development of tourist activity in the Tatras as well as the origin and evolution of mountain climbing were largely conditioned by inspirations fl owing from Western European mountaineering. This infl uence was manifested in the theoretical (ideological) dimension conditioned by knowledge of mountaineering literature, direct contact between mountaineers and mountaineering achievements during climbing trips to the Alps and the Dolomites, and the support received by Polish mountaineers from active mountaineers in the Tatras. As a consequence of these inspirations, mountain climbing, with the characteristic features of Western European mountain eering, was born.

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4

Khoirur Rozikin and Nuris Dwi Setiawan. "PERANCANGAN APLIKASI JALUR PENDAKIAN DAN MONITORING PENDAKI GUNUNG UNGARAN BERBASIS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)." Teknik: Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Informatika 1, no. 1 (May 2, 2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/teknik.v1i1.26.

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Ungaran Mountain has a height of 2050 meters above sea level, this mountain is suitable for beginner climbers who want to know more about climbing hobbies, Ungaran climbers themselves only take about 3-5 hours, depending on the speed of walking, the climbing route is also quite light and very suitable for heating before starting to climb higher mountains. Thus many novice climbers who want to try to climb and conquer Mount Ungaran, armed with minimal experience of mountain climbing, the risks they face are even greater, ranging from getting lost, being hypothermic to death while climbing. To make it easier for Ungaran mountain climbers who are dominated by novice climbers in this study, the Ungaran Mountaineering Track and Monitoring Application Based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) on the Android System "which was built to make it easier for Ungaran mountain climbers to access information provided by Ungaran mountain climbers. needed to climb Mount Ungaran, and it is also useful for the team at base camp to monitor climbers who climb..

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5

Barber, M. W. "Climbing every mountain." British Dental Journal 200, no. 7 (April 2006): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4813442.

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6

Edwards, Jennifer, Betsy Friesen, and Susan Davis. "Climbing the Mountain." Serials Librarian 52, no. 3-4 (July 2, 2007): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j123v52n03_14.

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7

Seifert, Patricia C. "Climbing the Mountain." AORN Journal 91, no. 3 (March 2010): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2009.12.018.

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8

Pratiwi, Sekar Ageng, and Henny Medyawati. "DESIGN OF SUPPORTING APPLICATION FOR DECIDING THE BEST MOUNTAIN CLIMBING ‘HIKING-YUK!’." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i2.2020.510.

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One of the outdoor activities or mountaineering activities located in the mountainous region is one form of ecotourism that is much favored by many people, especially young people. Mountain climbing (mountain hiking) is one type of outdoor activity that is often done because there are so many mountains that are spread throughout most of the Indonesian archipelago. To anticipate subjective risks, beginner climbers are encouraged to do mountain climbing in groups, and adjust to the experience and abilities of climbers. This research developed decision support application for determining the best mountain climbing by using the web-based weighted product method. Weighted Product (WP) is a method used to solve the Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problem, namely the method used in finding the most optimal alternative from several optimal alternatives with certain criteria. The application has been completed and is named "Hiking-Yuk!". The result of using the WP method is to display the best recommendations that can be used as material in the consideration and selection of mountains. Recommendations for the future Hiking-Yuk! website can be developed not only in the scope of the East Java, but can be developed for other mountains in other provinces.

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Nurmala, Nurmala, Tri Hastono, and Siti Nuraitul Janah. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Dakian Gunung Di Pulau Jawa Menggunakan Fuzzy Logic Mamdani." Journal Software, Hardware and Information Technology 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/shift.v4i1.114.

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Mountain climbing is an activity with a relatively high level of danger that requires climbers to walk in the forest and spend quite a long time with increasingly low oxygen levels and very cold temperatures that can even reach 0 degrees Celsius. In this research, decisions play an important role in determining mountain climbing routes. especially on the island of Java which has a variety of mountains with different characteristics, therefore we help climbers in choosing mountain climbs that suit their individual preferences and personal conditions. The method used is Mamdani's Fuzzy Logic which can overcome uncertainty and complexity of information in decision making. To collect data regarding height, distance, track length and climbing costs, namely through interviews and related analysis. Fuzzy Logic Mamdani is implemented to manage and process related data and can produce output in the form of recommendations for climbing routes. This fuzzy model can integrate environmental variables, such as height, distance, cost and track length.

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10

Ferner, Adam. "A mountain worth climbing?" Philosophers' Magazine, no. 56 (2012): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20125631.

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11

Perluss, Betsy. "Climbing the Alchemical Mountain." Psychological Perspectives 51, no. 1 (June 2, 2008): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332920802031904.

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12

Lee, Michael M. "Climbing a space mountain." Science 368, no. 6492 (May 14, 2020): 726.8–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6492.726-h.

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13

Rosson, Mary Beth, and John M. Carroll. "Climbing the smalltalk mountain." ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 21, no. 3 (January 1990): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/379088.379101.

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14

Sakai, Akio, and Hiroshi Nose. "Safer mountain climbing using the climbing heartbeat index." International Journal of Biometeorology 48, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-003-0167-1.

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15

Kolbuszewski, Jacek. "Alpinizm, turystyka, literatura na przełomie XIX i XX wieku — związki i zależności. Wstępny zarys problematyki." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 10 (May 25, 2017): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.10.3.

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Mountaineering, tourism and literature at the turn of the 20th century — links and relations.A preliminary outlineThe second half of the 19th and the early 20th century were marked by extremely significant changes in mountaineering, tourism and literature, changes which can be described metaphorically as the vanguard of 20th-century modernity. Of great importance to the development of both mountaineering and mountain tourism was the creation of associations bringing together tourists and mountaineers, mountain lovers. The associations focused mainly on promoting mountain tourism, making the mountains more accessible building paths, trails, hostels and trying to protect the mountains against the effects of human impact and other civilisational processes — economic, social and technological. The increasingly evident division into mountaineering exploring the mountains by climbing them and tourism, and the spread of this tourism in all mountain ranges in Europe made mountaineering aspecialised form of communing with the mountains, requiring special qualifications and equipment. At the same mountain tourism became amulti-layered phenomenon, as it encompassed, in addition to the “classic” tourism “with backpacks”, resort tourism involving walks, atype of tourism playing an important role in socialising and styles of behaviour, completely different from the models characteristic of tourism in the first half of the 19th century. This led to the emergence of characteristic styles of this tourism, which was becoming an important element of bourgeois popular culture, aprocess that immediately resonated in literature. In the second half of the 19th and the first decade of the 20th century the substantial growth in the number of tourists arriving in mountain villages led to their rapid civilisational and economic development. However, the concept of building mountain railways that were to bring people closer to the most precious asset of the mountains — their intact primeval nature — was asimple extension of the sedentary lifestyle. The development of mountaineering consisted in traversing increasingly difficult routes. This involved not just the ordinary climbing of peaks, but traversing mountain walls. In 1880 and 1881, Albert Frederick Mummery, climbing Grands Charmoz 3,455 m and Grépon 3,482 m, became the first man to traverse extremely difficult routes Grade 5 in the Welzenbach scale. In 1884 Walter Parry Haskett Smith decided to traverse agrade 3 difficult route on his own and two years later he climbed the twenty-metre Lapes Needle in the Lake District, England, which gave rise to competitive climbing, adiscipline distinct from mountaineering. Mountaineers also produced literary works Eugčne Rambert. The so-called “Alpine literature” “la littérature alpestre” encompassed, as its unique variety, par excellence Alpine literature providing an image of the mountains from the point of view of mountaineering and way of approaching mountaineering. Its leading exponents were Edward Whymper and Leslie Stephen; Albert Frederic Mummery 1855–1895 won considerable renown as the author of My climbs in the Alps and Caucasus 1895 as did Henry Russel-Killough 1834–1909 regarded as excellent writer and aman who made a great contribution to the exploration of the Pyrenees Souvenirs d’un Montagnard, 1908. On the other hand, the ideological motivation of Polish mountaineering echoed with the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer and Henri Bergson, introducing the subject of mountain climbing into highbrow literature.

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16

Nugroho, Danan Rifandi, Asep Ramdhani, and Tri Dharma Putra. "Metode Location Based Service Dalam Mengurangi Resiko Tersesat Saat Pendakian Gunung Menggunakan Global Positioning System (GPS)." Journal of Informatic and Information Security 1, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jiforty.v1i1.138.

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Abstract Climbing in Indonesia from year to year has increased the demand. More and more climbers are interested in this activity but increasingly also accidents that occur in the mountain due to lack of knowledge and discipline of climbers. The mountaineering guide app is made to help climbers to plan preparations before climbing and while climbing the mountains, this app also features a mountain position layout and path from basecamp, climbing posts to the top, and can request evacuation requests at TimSAR. By using the technology of Global Positioning System and Location Based Service climbers can easily find the point where it is located, and can minimize accidents and even death that can occur in the mountain. Keywords: Mountaineer, Location Based Service, Global Positioning System, Mountain Climbing Guide. Abstrak Pendakian di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan peminatnya. Semakin banyak pendaki yang meminati kegiatan ini tetapi semakin bertambah pula kecelakaan yang terjadi di gunung akibat kurangnya pengetahuan dan kedisiplinan pendaki. Aplikasi panduan mendaki gunung dibuat untuk membantu para pendaki untuk merencanakan persiapan sebelum mendaki dan saat mendaki gunung, aplikasi ini juga dilengkapi dengan tata letak posisi gunung dan jalur dari basecamp, pos-pos pendakian sampai ke puncak, dan dapat meminta permintaan evakuasi pada TimSAR. Dengan menggunakan teknologi Global Positioning System dan Location Based Service pendaki dapat dengan mudah mencari titik posisinya berada, dan dapat meminimalisir kecelakaan bahkan kematian yang dapat terjadi di gunung. Kata kunci: Pendaki Gunung, Location Based Service, Global Positioning System, Panduan Mendaki Gunung.

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17

Kolbuszewski, Jacek. "Uwagi o ontologii i estetyce drogi wspinaczkowej." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 13 (September 21, 2020): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.13.3.

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If a route is understood to be a selected or marked sequence of places within a given space, the term can also encompass a climbing route, which is a sequence of places in the mountains, on a rock, ice wall or arête through which we can reach a specific destination — in the case of climbing it is usually the top of a mountain or an element in the structure of a mountain that stands out. Thus a route is an order of the places through which a climber is pursuing his or her goal — a top or an arête. In the physical sense this route, blended in the mountain landscape, does not exist, although it can be marked by a painted trail, small mounds, but not ladders and stairs, because these are elements of a route existing in the physical sense, while a climbing route is an intentional, virtual being existing only in the climber’s mind, first as a project of traversing a given rock formation, obviously large enough, i.e. requiring movement in this space, and then as the above mention order (sequence) of places — rock formations, from large to the smallest ones (grip). Not existing physically in reality (a designated fragment of space to move from place to place), a climbing route appears as a man-designed imagined line, a sequence of places marking the direction in which to move. The real sense of the existence of a route lies in its use: a route is alive, when there is movement on it — in this case mountain climbing.

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18

Colley, Ann C. "JOHN RUSKIN: CLIMBING AND THE VULNERABLE EYE." Victorian Literature and Culture 37, no. 1 (March 2009): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150309090044.

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Most readers either overlook or dismissJohn Ruskin's climbs in the Alps as being insignificant compared to his avid interest in geology and mountain form. However, I want to suggest that Ruskin's climbing – his physical and kinetic relationship to the mountains – is essential to his understanding of them. His numerous and repeated ascents in the lower Alps were not always easy: in fact, they were often tough and sometimes dangerous. Through a few select examples, in the first part of the essay, I establish just how difficult many of these scrambles were so that I may proceed, in the body of the paper, to talk about how these strenuous experiences influenced his way of seeing the mountain landscape he admired, and how, in turn, they helped shape his concept of imperfect vision.

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19

Gatterer, Hannes, Martin Niedermeier, Elena Pocecco, Anika Frühauf, Martin Faulhaber, Verena Menz, Johannes Burtscher, Markus Posch, Gerhard Ruedl, and Martin Burtscher. "Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Summer Season—A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203920.

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Millions of people engage in mountain sports activities worldwide. Although leisure-time physical activity is associated with significant health benefits, mountain sports activities also bear an inherent risk for injury and death. However, death risk may vary across various types of mountain sports activities. Epidemiological data represent an important basis for the development of preventive measures. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compare mortality rates and potential risk factors across different (summer) mountain sports activities. A comprehensive literature search was performed on the death risk (mortality) in mountain sports, primarily practiced during the summer season, i.e., mountain hiking, mountain biking, paragliding, trekking, rock, ice and high-altitude climbing. It was found that the death risk varies considerably between different summer mountain sports. Mortality during hiking, trekking and biking in the mountains was lower compared to that during paragliding, or during rock, ice or high-altitude climbing. Traumatic deaths were more common in activities primarily performed by young adults, whereas the number of deaths resulting from cardiovascular diseases was higher in activities preferred by the elderly such as hiking and trekking. Preventive efforts must consider the diversity of mountain sports activities including differences in risk factors and practitioners and may more particularly focus on high-risk activities and high-risk individuals.

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20

HAMASHIMA, Toshinori, Haruaki SASAKI, Kenichi KAI, Yasutada ONODERA, and Yoshio KAI. "Urinary Findings after Mountain Climbing." Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences 12, no. 1 (2000): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15369/sujms1989.12.29.

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21

Kuncheva, Billyana. "Reserve Currencies: Climbing Greenback Mountain." CFA Digest 42, no. 1 (February 2012): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v42.n1.26.

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22

Hutson, Sadie P. "Climbing Back Up the Mountain." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 33, no. 10 (July 11, 2016): 972–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909115600857.

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Little is known about the health access and end-of-life (EOL) concerns of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Appalachia, where religious and cultural values are largely traditional. A qualitative, descriptive study with 9 participants was undertaken to assess EOL care needs among those from South Central Appalachian PLWHA. The focus of the study was to examine subjective data regarding EOL needs assessment related to advanced care planning. Five men and 4 women self-acknowledged a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and completed a 2-hour face-to-face interview with the nurse researcher. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive content analysis methods, including data coding for emergent themes and metaphors. A common metaphor tied content to both struggle and triumph as well as the beauty and ruggedness of the Appalachian region: “Climbing Back up the Mountain.” Rich descriptions of the significance of the metaphor match with stigma as the greatest hurdle to overcome in planning and interacting with others, including health care providers and significant others, about EOL care needs and advanced planning preferences. Further, the metaphor was derived directly from quotes offered by participants. Sources of stigma were often intersecting: the disease itself, associations with “promiscuity,” sexual minority status, illicit drug use, and so on. Strong spiritual images were contrasted with a common avoidance and disdain of organized religion. Findings were used in refining plans for a larger study of EOL care needs and concerns on the population of PLWHA in 2 Southern Appalachian states. Comparison with other research and insights for providers is included.

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23

Louie, Ted. "Climbing the Mountain, Yet Again." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 21, no. 4 (July 2013): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0b013e31827f4d90.

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24

Williams, Marian. "The Rocky Mountain Climbing Challenge." ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 27, no. 4 (October 1995): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/214132.214140.

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25

Coburn, Thomas B. "Climbing the Mountain of God." Journal of the American Academy of Religion LXIII, no. 1 (1995): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lxiii.1.127.

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26

McKiernan, M. A. "Mountain climbing: An alternate proof." Aequationes Mathematicae 28, no. 1 (December 1985): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02189402.

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27

Oh, Eun-Sun, and Tae-Ho Yu. "Reinterpretation of mountain climbing : educational implication of mountain climbing as a hobby and Alpinism." Korean Society For The Study Of Physical Education 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15831/jksspe.2018.23.1.233.

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28

Sathiyaraj, Chinnasamy, M. Ramachandran, M. Amudha, and Ramu Kurinjimalar. "A Review on Hill Climbing Optimization Methodology." Recent trends in Management and Commerce 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/rmc/3/1/1.

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The activity of walking through hilly country for pleasure. He is an avid athlete and loves mountain walking. Mountaineering is a terrifying quest used for mathematical optimization problems in the field of artificial intelligence. Given a large input and a good horistic function, it tries to find a good enough solution to the problem. The mountaineering algorithm consists of three parts, where the global maximum or optimal solution cannot be reached: the local maximum, the ridge and the plateau. The trek is not complete or optimal, the time complex of O (∞) but the space complex of O (b). There is no special processing data system as mountaineering rejects old nodes. Trekking in the Alps or other high mountains. This is not an efficient method. This does not apply to problems where the value of the horticultural function suddenly decreases while the solution is in view. First-choice trekking enables balanced trekking by randomly creating heirs until something better than the current situation develops. Whenever this is a good strategy there are many (e.g., thousands) heirs in a state. So the first preferred mountain climbing is a special type Random mountain climbing. Description. This is a robust mountaineering algorithm. A person is initiated approximately. When the individual reaches a local optimal state a new solution is created approximately and mountaineering begins again. The best first search is a traversal technique, which checks which node is the most reliable and decides which node to visit next by checking it. To this end, it uses the appraisal function to determine travel. Climbing is used to describe traditional ‘siege’ techniques, where you will climb the mountain several times before being driven to the summit. Albinism, on the other hand, focuses on 'fast and light' climbs. Free climbing was created to describe any style of climbing that is not AIDS related. ... In free climbing, the climber moves the wall under their own force without the use of any special gear (except for the climbing shoes) to help them move upwards. Climbers can only survive for a short time in the 'death zone' at 8000 m and above, where there are numerous challenges. Deep cracks, avalanches, cliffs and snowflakes make the high form of trekking a very dangerous endeavor. Caldwell and George's son use headlamps to illuminate their way, climbing at night when the temperature is cold - meaning their hands sweat less and there is more friction between their rubber shoes and granite. According to the author, climbing mountains is a very difficult task for people and they enjoy crossing obstacles. Mountaineering is neither complete nor optimal, the time complex of O (∞) but the space complex of O (b). There is no special processing data system as mountaineering rejects old nodes

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Wall, Ian. "Mountaineering Risk, Safety and Security." Journal of Tourism and Himalayan Adventures 3, no. 1 (August 19, 2021): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtha.v3i1.39115.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the underlying mountaineering risks, safety and security issues found in the traditional activity known as mountaineering. The paper also highlights some of the commonly known and distinguished terms of mountaineering. Mountaineering is the art of moving through the mountains using a set of technical ‘mountaineering’ skills. In Europe, it is often called alpinism when done in the Alps, apart from known as trekking, hiking or even fell walking. It includes traditional outdoor rock climbing in a mountain setting, multi-day rock climbing, skiing, snow-shoeing, a multi-day journey in the mountains, whether camping or in lodges. Mountaineering is not necessarily restricted to the greater mountain ranges as many countries with low altitude mountains have many citizens that go ‘mountaineering’ inside their borders. There are no predetermined heights at which a hill becomes a mountain; many geographers state that a mountain is greater than 300m (1,000 feet) above sea level, but the Oxford English Dictionary puts the hill limit at 600m asl. Another consideration is the latitude of the ‘hills’. For example, the hills of Scotland, although the highest being Ben Nevis at 1345m asl, are considerably further north than the Pyrenees with its highest mountain, Pic Aneto, at 3404m asl. The arctic winds, the northern European winds and the south-westerly gales are as harsh as any found in the higher ranges.

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Mudana, I. Gede, I. Ketut Sutama, and Cokorda Istri Sri Widhari. "Kepeloporan kewirausahaan memandu pendakian daya tarik wisata Gunung Agung, Karangasem, Bali." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2017.v07.i02.p02.

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Erupted in 1963, Mount Agung in Selat District, Karangasem Regency, the highest mountain in Bali, was started to be mounted by trekking/climbing tourists in 1980s. Since 1990’s especially 2000s, some initiatives to serve the trekking/climbing the volcanic mountain have emerged in the surrounding villages’ people. The present study is done using a technic of qualitative data analysis. The result of study shows that Mount Agung is regarded interesting to climb not only because she has exotic beauty and challenges regarding the degree of difficulty (and the degree of danger the trekkers/climbers may face) to climb but also get some certain mythologies from her status as a sacred mountain believed by Balinese people, especially the Hindu followers. The entrepreneurship practices of the local society in Selat Village then come up not only to serve the trekking/climbing as usual but also to conserve the mountain environment and of course to keep the trekkers’/climbers’ safety since the mountain has some taboos and restrictions in relation with the trekking/climbing itself.

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31

Blythe, Jennifer M. "Climbing a Mountain without a Ladder." Time & Society 1, no. 1 (January 1992): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x92001001003.

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32

Crisp, Roger. "Are We climbing the same mountain?" Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie 3, no. 2 (October 2020): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42048-020-00076-2.

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AbstractThe paper begins by noting the widespread disagreement that has existed in philosophy from its very inception until now. It is claimed that Henry Sidgwick was right to see the main debate in ethics as between egoists, consequentialists, and deontologists. This raises the question whether the best approach might be to seek a position based on the different theories rather than one alone. Some clarification is then offered of the main questions asked in ethics, and it is claimed that the primary ethical question is that of Socrates: how should one live? Substantive agreement between our three normative theories is possible, but unlikely; and explanatory agreement is conceptually impossible. More restricted agreement may be possible, though doubts can be raised about Derek Parfit’s ‘triple theory’. One might attempt to combine different elements of the theories, syncretically, but again agreement is unlikely. The paper ends by considering the epistemic implications of disagreement, and with a recommendation of a more eirenic methodology for moral philosophy.

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33

Galoob, Stephen R. "Climbing the Mountain of Criminal Procedure." American Journal of Comparative Law 66, no. 4 (October 24, 2018): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avy040.

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34

McCoy, Kelly L., Linwah Yip, and Sally E. Carty. "Mountain Climbing, Motherhood, and Surgical Practice." JAMA Surgery 153, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2018.0136.

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Allan, David. "Mountain rescue." Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 5, no. 7 (April 1, 2008): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v5i7.429.

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David Allan was appointed general surgeon to Furness General Hospital in 1975 and almost immediately was drawn into the Duddon and Furness Mountain Rescue Team. In subsequent years, he became medical officer to the national body and then the chairman. Since retirement in 2004, involvement with mountain rescue has continued, but sailing now rivals climbing for leisure time.

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Ahn, Suh Young, Seung Won Yoon, Mi Ah Lee, and Ae-Ran Koh. "The Effects of Mountain Climbing Motivation and Mountain Climbing Wear Benefits Sought on Clothing Usage Behavior." Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles 37, no. 4 (June 30, 2013): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5850/jksct.2013.37.4.565.

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Kolbuszewski, Jacek. "Uwagi o początkach „literatury górskiej”." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 14 (August 17, 2021): 11–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.14.3.

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One of characteristic phenomena in contemporary Polish literary culture is the emergence of a niche phenomenon of mountain literature. The term “mountain literature” has become part of colloquial discourse, also aspiring to be present in the language of literature studies (including literary criticism), which previously featured terms like “Alpine literature”, “mountaineering literature”, “Tatra literature”, “Tatra prose”. Other commonly used terms were “mountain climbing literature” and “exploration literature”. The term “Alpine literature” was introduced into scholarly discourse by Claire-Éliane Engel (1903–1976). The author of the present study points to links between the history of mountain literature, and the history of mountain exploration as well as history of tourism and mountaineering, referring to the literary traditions of various mountain ranges: the Alps, the Tatras, Karkonosze (Giant Mountains), Bieszczady, Gorce, Beskids, Góry Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross Mountains). In addition, there are strands of research dealing with a typological analysis of mountain motifs and their function. The significance of such studies lies in the fact that they demonstrate in a clear manner the introduction of mountain motifs into literature and the evolution of the artistic forms of their expression. However, transformations in the literary approach to the mountains cannot be documented only by means of a territorial selection of specific motifs, and the whole question of depicting mountains and responding to them cannot be locked within the limited framework of the various national literatures. What is useful in this respect is a comprehensive comparative approach to the subject matter, interpreted both in the synchronic (formation of attitudes) and diachronic perspective (so-called influences, impact of models, borrowing of poetics also in connection with changes in tourist or mountaineering styles). What becomes of crucial significance here is the use of more general categories and comprehensive collective terms — mountain literature, mountaineering literature, mountain climbing literature. These categories encompass works dealing primarily with the mountains and human interactions with them. They bring in a supranational and supraterritorial understanding of the subject of mountains, without limiting the role of territorial detail in the construction of literary motifs and images. In defining mountain literature the author uses the classification of the function of nature motifs in literary works presented by Tadeusz Makowiecki in Sprawozdania Towarzystwa Naukowego w Toruniu in 1951, in his article “Funkcja motywu przyrody w dziele literackim” (Function of a nature motif in a literary work).1 On the other hand, when it comes to the phenomena discussed in the study, what is representative of fiction is a type of narrative genre known as mountain novel (roman de montagne, Bergroman). Referring to archetypic formulas of mountain literature (Dante, Petrarch, Salomon Gessner, Jean A. Deluc, H.B. de Saussure), the author points to their formal aspects: thematic-substantive, linguistic and genological. In addition, he discusses the emergence of mountaineering literature (Edward Whymper, Leslie Stephen, Polish mountaineers’ prose).

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Dabrowski, Patrice M. "Wciąż terra incognita? Turystyka górska w Karpatach Wschodnich w okresie autonomii galicyjskiej." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 12 (August 1, 2019): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.12.14.

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Still terra incognita? Mountain climbing in the Eastern Carpathians in the period of Galician autonomyEarly mountain climbing in the distant, expansive, and wild Eastern Carpathians in a far corner of Galicia then part of Austria-Hungary, today in Ukraine looked rather different from that practiced in the Tatra mountains. This is attested to by the near universal use of the services of the local Hutsul highlanders with their horses in order to cover the greater distances from the piedmont localities, reachable by carriage or railway, to the mountain peaks. The present article — based on descriptions of expeditions in newspapers and specialized journals, books, and memoirs — considers the experience of various individuals and groups that conquered or attempted to conquer the peaks of Czarnohora from about 1873 to to the first years of the 20th century. Among the climbers of the period one finds Tatra Society activists, students from the Galician capital of Lwów/Lemberg/L’viv, as well as a young Scotchwoman. Among other things, the article analyzes the challenges of the expeditions and the motivation and impressions of the participants in order to better understand why, despite the passage of time as well as the experiences of earlier mountain climbers, the peaks of Czarnohora in this period long remained only lightly frequented.

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Afifudin, Afifudin. "Perancangan Komunikasi Visual Daur Ulang Sampah Plastik Menggunakan Teknik Molding dari Aktivitas Pendakian Gunung." INVENSI 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/invensi.v6i1.5340.

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Gunung menjadi salah satu tempat yang kini dekat dengan permasalahan sampah. Penyebab permasalahan sampah yang muncul di gunung merupakan dampak dari meningkatnya aktivitas pendakian. Hal tersebut tentunya mengakibatkan peningkatan barang konsumsi yang dibawa saat mendaki dan kemudian menghasilkan sampah yang luar biasa banyak di lingkungan gunung. Sampah plastik merupakan salah satu jenis sampah yang paling banyak ditemui di gunung. Hal tersebut tentunya akan berdampak terhadap kerusakan lingkungan seperti, tercemarnya air bersih, rusaknya struktur tanah, mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman, mengubah perilaku hewan, hingga yang paling berbahaya adalah kebakaran hutan. Dari permasalahan tersebut dibutuhkan sebuah solusi yang diharapkan dapat mengurangi permasalahan sampah plastik dari hasil aktivitas pendakian gunung. Salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan adalah perancangan komunikasi visual tentang daur ulang sampah plastik menggunakan teknik molding. Metode yang digunakan yaitu design thinking oleh Tim Brown, yang meliputi beberapa tahapan di antaranya empathy, define, ideate, prototype, dan test. Perancangan ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi terhadap permasalahan sampah plastik dari aktivitas pendakian gunung supaya menjadi produk baru yang fungsional. Designing Visual Communication of Plastic Waste Recycle Using Molding Techniques from Mountain Climbing Activities ABSTRACT Mountain is one of the locations that is closely related to waste problems. The cause of the increase of waste problems in the mountain is the impact of the rising number of mountain climbing activities. It indeed leads to the rise of consumer goods brought on mountain climbing and produces a tremendous amount of waste in the mountain areas. Plastic waste is one of the most common wastes found in the mountain. It can affect the destruction of the environment, for example, water pollution, the harmful of soil structure, interfere plant growth, change animal behavior, and the most dangerous is forest fires. It needs a solution to the problems that is expected to reduce the plastic waste problem from mountain climbing activities. One of the solutions offered in designing visual communication of plastic waste recycles using molding techniques. Methods that are used are design thinking by Tim Brown, which consists of some stages which are empathy, define, ideate, prototype, and test. This design is expected to contribute towards plastic waste problems from mountain climbing activities to become a functional new product.

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Prastowo, Fuji Riang, and A. Harun Al Rasyid. "Nasionalisme Di Puncak Gunung: Etnografi Komunitas Pemuda Pecinta Alam dalam Wacana Ecosophy dan Gerakan Lingkungan di Malang." Jurnal Studi Pemuda 8, no. 2 (October 11, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.48447.

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The Nature Lovers community, in Indonesia, have a unique habit of celebrating the conquest of the mountain peak by singing a National anthem of Indonesia Raya along with the raising of nation flag. Interestingly, many of them have a dream to attend a flag-raising ceremony in order to celebrate the independence day of the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August at the top of the mountain. By using the 'phenomenology-based ethnography' method among the Nature Lovers community in Malang, this study seeks to answer about how these young people construct a discourse on environmental movements in their climbing activities and how they construct nationalism through their climbing rites. Analysis of the study used the concepts of Ecosophy from Arne Naess and Nationalism from Benedict Anderson. Through these two conceptual frames, the results of the study show that there is a close connection between mountain climbing and ecosophy discourse with nationalism, both of which have similar philosophical values in search of the self through natures. Climbing is the effort of young people to get closer to nature and the process of finding themselves through the conquest of the ego during the journey to further strengthen the value of ecosophy or individual connection to nature. While patriotic celebrations at the top of the mountain are manifestations of nationalism rooted in the 'deep ecology movement' which is constructed by the 'imagined community' based on the solidarity of the climbers who have the same souls in nature. It can be said that the connection between ecosophy and nationalism is represented by the romanticism of the mountain climbing.

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Bartlett, Philip. "Is Mountaineering a Sport?" Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 73 (August 21, 2013): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246113000295.

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Amusement, diversion, fun. This was the definition of sport offered by the first dictionary I consulted in preparation for this lecture, and if we accept it then there is at least a sporting chance that we will all be able to agree: mountaineering is a sport. But it is not a definition that sits easily with much of what sport is currently thought to be. This talk is part of a series on Philosophy and Sport timed to mark the London Olympics, and amusement and fun are probably not the first words to spring to mind there, certainly not for the competitors. They may be a part of it, but I don't think it unreasonable to think more immediately of commerce, competition, achievement. So this evening I need to consider mountaineering within that context. I also want to make clear at the outset that I shall take mountaineering to mean not just the climbing of high snow-covered peaks, but mountain travel and exploration, and simply recreational mountain walking. There doesn't need to be anything technical involved. At the same time, I must include rock-climbing within my brief, and for at least two reasons. One is that rock-climbing and mountaineering are closely connected historically. In it's early years, alpine climbing often led to rock climbing, the latter being seen as geographically convenient training for ‘the real thing’ – namely, the annual alpine holiday. When I was a teenager in the 1970s the influence went the other way: I began with rock-climbing in the Lake District, and proceeded to alpine climbing. And secondly, rock-climbing and mountaineering are administratively and politically connected. I suspect that the former, which in Britain as often as not doesn't take place in mountains at all, now absorbs the major part of the public funds devoted to these matters. And it is predominantly on the British experience that I want to draw.

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Próchniak, Piotr. "Coping with Stress and Pain in Hard and Soft Adventure Mountain Athletes." Roczniki Psychologiczne 23, no. 2 (October 8, 2020): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rpsych20232-3.

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Several scales were used to assess the levels of coping with stress and pain of 97 Polish hard adventure mountain athletes (Mage = 30.50, SD = 9.45), who climb in winter using mountain ice axes, harnesses, hooks or ropes in high mountains, and 103 Polish soft adventure mountain athletes who summer hike in low mountains (Mage = 28.30, SD = 6.50). The results indicated significant differences between soft and hard adventure climbers in the ways climbers react to stress. The hard adventure climbing group had significantly higher means on the Preventive Coping, Proactive Coping, Task-Oriented Coping, Diverting Attention, Reinterpretation of Pain, Ignoring Pain, Coping Self-Statements and Behavioural Strategies than the soft adventure mountain athletes, but lower means on Emotion-Oriented Coping, Catastrophising and Praying/Hoping compared to the soft mountain athletes group. This study also examined the factor structure of the coping scales in the climbers’ samples. The results suggested that the coping scales contain the following three factors: Passive-Oriented Coping, Future-Oriented Coping and Appraisal-Oriented Coping. The extracted factors discriminate between soft and hard adventure mountain athletes. The hard adventure mountain athletes had significantly higher means on the Future-Oriented Coping and the Appraisal- Oriented Coping, and a lower mean on Passive-Oriented Coping than the soft mountain athletes group.

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Yang, Eun Seok. "Campus Life Change through Morning Mountain Climbing." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 51 (February 28, 2013): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2013.02.51.355.

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Mader, Thomas H., and Lawrence J. White. "High-altitude mountain climbing after radial keratotomy." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 7, no. 1 (February 1996): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(1996)007[0077:ltte]2.3.co;2.

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LaFountain, Douglas J., and William W. Menasco. "Climbing a Legendrian mountain range without stabilization." Banach Center Publications 100 (2014): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/bc100-0-10.

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Hansen, Brett. "Climbing the Mountain: The Allegheny Portage Railroad." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 78, no. 1 (January 2008): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0000806.

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Ryle, Anthony. "Climbing the Complex Mountain of the self." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 3, no. 3 (January 1989): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.3.3.233.

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Padilah, Gilang Rizki, Gina Purnama Insany, and Kamdan Kamdan. "Climbing Information System Design Web-Based Mount Gede Pangrango Using the Waterfall Method." JEECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences) 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54732/jeecs.v9i1.5.

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Mountain climbing is a popular activity among the Indonesian community. In the current digital era, websites can serve as an effective platform to facilitate communication and collaboration among mountain climbers. This research aims to design and develop a website for the Indonesian mountain climbing community using PHP, HTML, and CSS programming languages, with a case study on Mount Gede Pangrango. The research methodology includes needs analysis, website design, and implementation. The waterfall method is employed in the system development, and testing is conducted using black box testing and usability methods. In the implementation phase, coding and page design are carried out according to the pre-established design, including color selection, typography, and layout settings. This research results in a website designed and built to facilitate climbers planning to ascend Mount Gede Pangrango. After several trials, the website received overwhelmingly positive responses from respondents, with an average rating of 90%. This result indicates that the website effectively assists users in obtaining information about climbing Mount Gede Pangrango.

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Trubnikova, Nadezhda N. "ISLAND AMONG THE MOUNTAINS: KūKAI ON FUDARAKU PEAK IN JAPAN." Study of Religion, no. 2 (2018): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2018.2.30-42.

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The article precedes the translation of the Stone Inscription (Jp. Shamon Shōdō reki sansui ei genju hi ), No 11 of the Shōryōshū - a collection of works by Kūkai (774-835) written in Chinese and reflecting various aspects of Buddhism in Japan in the early 9th century. The verses in the Inscription contain the glorification of the sacred mountain; in the prosaic preface Kūkai describes how the monk-ascetic Shōdō wandered in the mountains in the eastern provinces of Japan and found there the sacred Potalaka (Jp. Fudaraku) - the mountain-island, the abode of Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (Jp. Kannon). Climbing the mountain is conceived here as a path of Buddhist asceticism, but it can not be fulfilled without the help of local kami deities. Passing this way together with his hero and the reader, Kūkai brings together the Taoist, Confucian and Buddhist approaches to understanding the mountains as a special landscape where a person can strengthen his capacies to be turned to benefit people...

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Pangesti, Febry Wulan, Aunurrahman Aunurrahman, and Yulia Ramadhiyanti. "THE INFLUENCE OF USING CLIMBING GRAMMAR MOUNTAIN GAME TOWARDS STUDENTS’ SIMPLE PAST TENSE MASTERY (A Pre-Experimental Study to the Ninth Grade Students of Junior High School 01 in Mempawah Hilir in the Academic Year of 2019/2020)." Journal of English Language Teaching and Education (JELTE) 2, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31571/jelte.v2i2.22.

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This research used pre-experimental research that wanted to know whether Climbing Grammar Mountain Games has effect to teach simple past tense to the ninth grade students of JHS 01 Mempawah Hilir in Academic Year 2019/2020. This research used cluster random sampling, the researcher used multiple choice as the tool of data collection, but before it the researcher did the try out to find out which sentences that could be used as the tool by using validity test. After getting the valid questions for pre-test and post-test, then the mean score of pre-test and post-test would be compared. The result mean score from pre-test was 45.71 and from post-test was 67.32. The calculated of t-test showed that tobtain was higher than ttable, it was 17.491.703, It means that the testing hypothesis was accepted. Also supported by the result of effect size was 3.77, it had strong effect to this research. Therefore, Climbing Grammar Mountain Game is suggested to teach simple past tense. Keywords: simple past tense, climbing grammar mountain game, experimental

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