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Journal articles on the topic 'Mounting options'
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1
Purcar, Carmen, Mircea Bădescu, and Marinela Inţă. "Studies on wheel mounting options on shafts." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929001016.
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The paper presents a general description of chains and chain transmissions, their advantages and disadvantages. A triple chain wheel is then projected into the CATIA V5 program. A static analysis of some wheel mounting variants on a camshaft with the Generative Structural Analysis module in the CATIA V5 program is then made. The orientation-fastening variants with a wedge, two feathers or three screws positioned equidistant at 120 degrees on a diameter are analysed. As a result of the finite element analysis, the conclusion is that the three-screw variant is the most appropriate. Material stresses and deformations are smaller, simpler processability, fewer types of components are present overall, maintenance is simpler, and the excentricity of the assembly is lower, with lower vibrations in operation.
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Searl, Jeffrey P. "Comparison of Transducers and Intraoral Placement Options for Measuring Lingua-Palatal Contact Pressure During Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 6 (December 2003): 1444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/112).
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Two studies were completed that focused on instrumentation and procedural issues associated with measurement of lingua-palatal contact pressure (LPCP) during speech. In the first experiment, physical features and response characteristics of 2 miniature pressure transducers (Entran EPI-BO and Precision Measurement 60S) were evaluated to identify a transducer suitable for measuring LPCP during speech. The 2 transducers were comparable in terms of physical dimensions and most response characteristics. However, the Entran device was less affected by air temperature fluctuations, making it the more attractive option for speech LPCP measurement. In a second experiment, 3 methods of placing the Entran device in the mouth were compared. The 3 adhesion methods evaluated were (a) taping a transducer to the hard palate, (b) surface mounting on a mold of the palate, and (c) flush mounting on a mold of the palate. Directly taping the transducer to the alveolar ridge was the least acceptable option, as it resulted in changes in other aspects of speech production (consonant duration and centroid frequency of the burst/frication) suggesting that articulation was unduly altered. Direct taping was also rated as least acceptable by the speakers. Surface and flush mounting resulted in fewer changes in speech aerodynamic and acoustic parameters of /t/ and/s/ compared to the tape condition. Listener ratings also indicated less articulatory disturbance in the surface and flush mounting conditions compared to the tape condition. Surface mounting was technically easier than flush mounting and it allows for rapid repositioning of the transducer if needed.
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Li, Huan, John D. Wanjura, William B. Faulkner, and Ronald E. Lacey. "Evaluation of Filter Media Options for High Volume PM2.5 Sampling." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 2 (2019): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13010.
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Abstract. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass fiber, and cellulose fiber filter media were evaluated under controlled conditions to determine their suitability for high volume PM2.5 sampling. Repeated mounting and unmounting events of new filters not exposed to ambient particulate matter were conducted in a laboratory environment and differences in the filter weight recorded. After the initial mounting and unmounting event, the filters exhibited weight changes of -2.24 mg, -0.61 mg, and 0.18 mg for cellulose, PTFE, and glass fiber filters, respectively. The standard deviation of replicated measurements after the first event was 1.76 (n = 9), 0.50 (n = 10), and 0.31 (n = 10) for cellulose, PTFE, and glass fiber filters, respectively. The combination of weight loss and standard deviation made the cellulose filter unsuitable for use in high volume PM2.5 samplers. However, improved performance over PTFE filters, suggests that glass fiber filters similar in specification to PTFE filters should be considered as acceptable substitutes in high volume PM2.5 sampling. Keywords: Air quality, Error, Filters, Measurement, Particles, Sampling technique.
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Oh, Joo Han, and Hye Yeun Choi. "Recent Treatment Options for the Clavicle Fracture." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2012.15.1.43.
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PURPOSE: We sought to determine the appropriate management modality for clavicle fracture through the review of current literature.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article provides an overview of the knowledge regarding clavicular fracture in adults, including epidemiology, classification, surgical indication, current technique, and results. We also addressed recent debates: the range of the surgical indication for mid-clavicular fracture and the introduction of anatomically precontoured plate as a new treatment modality.RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Nonsurgical treatment has been regarded as the first choice in the management of clavicle fractures. Quite recently, mounting evidence has shown that adverse outcomes, after a nonsurgical treatment, such as nonunion and malunion, were more prevalent than previously assumed. Accordingly, the indications for surgical fixation appear to be broadening. However, given that the ideal treatment option remains to be determined, the appropriate treatment of clavicle fractures should be tailored based on careful assessment of individual patient's data and preference.
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Patel, Peysh A., Noman Ali, Andrew Hogarth, and Muzahir H. Tayebjee. "Management strategies for atrial fibrillation." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 110, no. 1 (January 2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141076816677857.
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Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 10% of those aged over 80 years. Despite multiple treatment options, it remains an independent prognostic marker of mortality due to its association with clinical sequelae, particularly cerebrovascular events. Management can be broadly divided into treatment of the arrhythmia, via rhythm or rate control, and stroke thromboprophylaxis via anticoagulation. Traditional options for pharmacotherapy include negatively chronotropic drugs such as β-blockers, and/or arrhythmia-modifying drugs such as amiodarone. More recently, catheter ablation has emerged as a suitable alternative for selected patients. Additionally, there has been extensive research to assess the role of novel oral anticoagulants as alternatives to warfarin therapy. There is mounting evidence to suggest that they provide comparable efficacy, while being associated with lower bleeding complications. While these findings are promising, recent controversies have arisen with the use of novel oral anticoagulants. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate mechanisms and establish antidotes so that treatment options can be appropriately directed.
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Tombe, Trevor. "Finances of the Nation: Provincial Debt Sustainability in Canada: Demographics, Federal Transfers, and COVID-19." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 68, no. 4 (January 2021): 1083–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2020.68.4.fon.
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In this article, Trevor Tombe examines the sustainability of Canada's public debt in the face of steadily rising provincial debt, a severe economic shock from COVID-19, and mounting health-care costs associated with an aging population. He finds that while the federal debt is solidly sustainable, despite a large increase owing to COVID-19, the debt burden of most provincial governments is not. He discusses some of the policy options available to improve fiscal outlooks, focusing in particular on reform of federal transfers.
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Burns, William C. G., and Jane A. Flegal. "Climate Geoengineering and the Role of Public Deliberation: A Comment on the us National Academy of Sciences’ Recommendations on Public Participation." Climate Law 5, no. 2-4 (October 26, 2015): 252–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00504006.
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The feckless response of the world community to the mounting threat of climate change has led to a growing interest in climate geoengineering research. In early 2015, the us National Academy of Sciences released two major reports on the topic. While it is notable that both reports recommended some form of public participation to inform research, this article argues that the vagueness of these recommendations could mean that their implementation might not comport with optimal approaches for public deliberation. We outline some options for public deliberation on climate geoengineering and important design considerations.
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Sudimac, Budimir, Aleksandra Ugrinović, and Mišo Jurčević. "The Application of Photovoltaic Systems in Sacred Buildings for the Purpose of Electric Power Production: The Case Study of the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041408.
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In light of climate changes, technological development and the use of renewable energy sources are considered very important nowadays, both in newly designed structures and reconstructed historic buildings, resulting in the reduction in the commercial energy consumption and CO2 environmental emissions. This paper explores the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of sacred heritage buildings by utilizing photovoltaic systems. As an exceptionally significant cultural good, the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade shall serve as a case study, with the aim of examining the methods of mounting photovoltaic (PV) panels, taking into account the fact that the authenticity and the aesthetic value of this cultural monument must remain intact. A comparative analysis of the two options for installing PV panels on the southwestern roof of the church was performed using simulations in PVgis and PVsist V6.84 software, with the aim of establishing the most efficient option in terms of power generation. The simulation results show that photovoltaic panels can produce 151,650 kWh (Option 1) and 150,894 kWh (Option 2) per year, while the required amount of energy is 42,726 kWh. The electricity produced exceeds the electricity requirements for the decorative lighting of the Cathedral Church, so it can be used for other purposes in the sacred complex.
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VATUZOV, Denis N., and Svetlana M. PURING. "METHOD OF SELECTION AND CALCULATION DEVICES AIR CLEANING FROM CONDENSED AEROSOLS." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.02.3.
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This article defines the options to improve the efficiency of local exhaust ventilation systems by incorporating into the circuit from the air cleaning devices droplet aerosol. Schemes connecting cleaning apparatus in ventilation management system are worked out. In the first embodiment, the placement aerozoleulovitelya purified ventilation air is discharged directly to the atmosphere, in the second embodiment, the cleaned air is used in the recovery system, which is removed after the street. The feasibility of using the heat exchanger in the scheme is justified by comparing the technical and economic options and the need to improve energy efficiency. The method of selection and calculation of air cleaning devices from droplet sprays, on the basis of which it is possible to determine the design parameters of the system, to evaluate the amount of captured material, and choose the most appropriate in each case unit, focusing on the desired performance of the ventilation system, the necessary degree of purification and the area for mounting the device.
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Maggo, Sachin, A. P. Dubey, Pawan Dhull, and Nilabh Kumar Singh. "Avapritinib: novel hope for patients with metastatic gist with PDGFRA exon 18 mutation." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20202960.
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract associated with high rates of malignant transformation. The activating mutations in platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) have been linked to the development of GISTs, and up to approximately 10% of GIST cases involve mutations of this gene. Current treatment options for metastatic GIST are minimal, mainly trusting on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as Imatinib, Sunitinib and Regorafenib. However, eventually, most patients develop resistance to TKIs, usually due to the acquisition of secondary mutations. Moreover, 5-6% of patients with unresectable of metastatic GIST have the primary PDGFRA D842V mutation, which makes it resistant to all approved treatment options. Avapritinib, a potent and selective TKI of KIT and PDGFRA activation loop mutants. The drug demonstrates anti-tumor activity by inhibiting the autophosphorylation of KIT D816V and PDGFRA D842V, thereby terminating the downstream signalling. The drug is available in oral formulation with a recommended dosage of 300 mg once daily. The onset of Avapritinib is fast, shows rapid absorption and linear pharmacokinetics. Most common adverse reactions seen are edema, fatigue, abdominal pain, and neurocognitive defects. Clinical trials for Avapritinib have been positive, and results suggest that the drug may be a new safe and effective option for metastatic GIST treatment. With Blueprint Medicines having already received US FDA approval in January 2020, Avapritinib may soon be an addition to the mounting armoury of drugs against metastatic GIST harbouring PDGFRA exon 18 mutation.
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Slim, Jihad, and Christopher F. Saling. "A Review of Management of Inflammation in the HIV Population." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3420638.
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Advancements in antiretroviral therapy have drastically increased the life expectancy for those infected with HIV. Today, a new subgroup of older patients with long-term controlled HIV exists, and its populace is continuously mounting. Therefore, it is essential to understand the enduring effects of chronic suppressed HIV infection in order to further improve HIV management in these patients. This paper will examine the role of HIV in chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, the dynamic interaction that exists between comorbidity and HIV, and the potential consequences of long-term antiretroviral therapy in an effort to provide the best management options for the virally suppressed HIV patient.
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Ashryatov, Albert, and Dinara Churakova. "Elimination of the blinding effect in landscape luminaires." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.13 (April 15, 2018): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.13.12673.
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The article presents one of the possible options for implementing the lighting technology "Flat beam" for landscape lighting purposes. One of the possible ways to control the light distribution of a number of light sources based on LEDs with different radiation patterns is considered. As a secondary optics, it is proposed to use a mirror surface that redistributes the light flux of an LED light source. It is indicated that, depending on the initial type of the light-emitting diodes light curve and the features of mounting the mirror surface, the resulting light distribution can vary widely, depending on the initial task that the designer sets for himself.
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Sheahan, Guy, Richard Reznick, Don Klinger, Leslie Flynn, and Boris Zevin. "Comparison of Personal Video Technology for Teaching and Assessment of Surgical Skills." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-18-01082.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Improvements in personal technology have made video recording for teaching and assessment of surgical skills possible. Objective This study compared 5 personal video-recording devices based on their utility (image quality, hardware, mounting options, and accessibility) in recording open surgical procedures. Methods Open procedures in a simulated setting were recorded using smartphones and tablets (MOB), laptops (LAP), sports cameras such as GoPro (SC), single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR), and spy camera glasses (SPY). Utility was rated by consensus between 2 investigators trained in observation of technology using a 5-point Likert scale (1, poor, to 5, excellent). Results A total of 150 hours of muted video were reviewed with a minimum 1 hour for each device. Image quality was good (3.8) across all devices, although this was influenced by the device-mounting requirements (4.2) and its proximity to the area of interest. Device hardware (battery life and storage capacity) was problematic for long procedures (3.8). Availability of devices was high (4.2). Conclusions Personal video-recording technology can be used for assessment and teaching of open surgical skills. DSLR and SC provide the best images. DSLR provides the best zoom capability from an offset position, while SC can be placed closer to the operative field without impairing sterility. Laptops provide best overall utility for long procedures due to video file size. All devices require stable recording platforms (eg, bench space, dedicated mounting accessories). Head harnesses (SC, SPY) provide opportunities for “point-of-view” recordings. MOB and LAP can be used for multiple concurrent recordings.
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C Guven, Deniz, Taha K. Sahin, Omer Dizdar, and Saadettin Kilickap. "Predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer: current status and future perspectives." Biomarkers in Medicine 14, no. 14 (October 2020): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2020-0310.
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In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have rapidly changed treatment paradigms and have been pivotal for the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients. However, many patients don't respond to immunotherapy, and toxicities are a concern. Mounting evidence suggests that PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden are useful biomarkers in NSCLC and widely used in clinical practice. Given various limitations of PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden, many candidate biomarkers have emerged. From these biomarkers, peripheral blood-based biomarkers are promising options for the prediction of immunotherapy efficacy with ease of access, repeatability and low cost. This review provides an overview of recent developments on the biomarkers in immunotherapy efficacy together with comments on future perspectives.
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Ranganathan, V., and Damodar Mall. "Captive Power Generation : What are the Economics ?" Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 12, no. 2 (April 1987): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919870206.
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Galloping demand for power and mounting constraints in its generation have forced electricity boards all over the country to impose power cuts. User industries have been forced to go for captive power plants to tide over the situation. In this article, V Ranganathan and Damodar Mall compare captive power and grid power costs in Karnataka. At the observed low utilization of between 6 and 20 per cent, captive power cost is Rs 1.95 while grid power cost is only 31 paise per KWH. The authors argue that the user industries should pursue the options of cooperative generation of power or become a financing partner with the electricity boards for assured and reliable power supply.
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Patel, Jyoti D. "Lung Cancer in Women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 14 (May 10, 2005): 3212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.11.486.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and is responsible for 20,000 more deaths yearly in US women than breast cancer. Cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer, and unfortunately, approximately 22 million US women smoke. Mounting evidence suggests that there are significant differences in lung cancer between the sexes. There is a difference in the histologic distribution of lung cancer, with glandular differentiation being more common in women. Genetic variation may account for differences in susceptibility, and hormonal and biologic factors may play a role in carcinogenesis. Lung cancer patients have few therapeutic options. A more thorough understanding of the heterogeneity of lung cancer across populations may lead to innovations in treatment and prevention strategies.
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He, Zhenjian, Shu An, Jiahui Chen, Shuqing Zhang, Chahui Tan, Jianchen Yu, Hengming Ye, et al. "Neural progenitor cell pyroptosis contributes to Zika virus-induced brain atrophy and represents a therapeutic target." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 38 (September 9, 2020): 23869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007773117.
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Mounting evidence has associated Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with congenital malformations, including microcephaly, which raises global alarm. Nonetheless, mechanisms by which ZIKV disrupts neurogenesis and causes microcephaly are far from being understood. In this study, we discovered direct effects of ZIKV on neural progenitor cell development by inducing caspase-1– and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptotic cell death, linking ZIKV infection with the development of microcephaly. Importantly, caspase-1 depletion or its inhibitor VX-765 treatment reduced ZIKV-induced inflammatory responses and pyroptosis, and substantially attenuated neuropathology and brain atrophy in vivo. Collectively, our data identify caspase-1– and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in neural progenitor cells as a previously unrecognized mechanism for ZIKV-related pathological effects during neural development, and also provide treatment options for ZIKV-associated diseases.
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Glowka, David A., and Randy A. Normann. "Optimization of a Ceramic Circuit Board Clamp." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, HITEC (January 1, 2012): 000394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-thp21.
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This paper documents the design optimization of a board-mounting system for securing a ceramic or other heavy circuit board to the electronics chassis in a wireline logging tool. A clamp fixes the extreme lower end of the circuit board to the chassis while allowing the board and chassis to undergo differential thermal expansion above that fixed point, through the use of sliding board mounts. After developing equations that describe the stress, deflection, and thermal expansion of the clamp/board assembly, they are used to select the geometry and material options available in the design. Results of a parametric study are presented that demonstrate how material selection determines whether the clamping pressure on the circuit board improves or degrades at elevated temperature, and how the geometries of the clamp components affect the magnitudes of the forces, deflections, and setting torque of the clamp.
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Dixon, Marc, Andrew W. Martin, and Michael Nau. "Social Protest and Corporate Change: Brand Visibility, Third-Party Influence, and the Responsiveness of Corporations to Activist Campaigns*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-21-1-65.
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From corporate social responsibility initiatives to the adoption of domestic partner benefits in large firms, there is mounting evidence of the impact of activism on corporate behavior. This study advances the understanding of these outside challenges by identifying the multiple and context-dependent ways that movements matter for corporate change. Drawing from data on wide-ranging “corporate campaigns” waged by social movement organizations against corporate targets in the 1990s and early 2000s, our Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) of corporate change outcomes support political and market mediation approaches to anti-corporate activism. Far-reaching protest efforts benefited activists when targeting highly visible firms and when coupled with supportive state action or significant media scrutiny. The findings also reveal multiple pathways to both social movement successes and more firm-friendly outcomes, underscoring the need to consider the diverse response options of firms in the face of protest.
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Koch, Stefan. "Regulation of Wnt Signaling by FOX Transcription Factors in Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143446.
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Aberrant activation of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of numerous types of cancer. However, in many cases, it is unclear how a chronically high Wnt signaling tone is maintained in the absence of activating pathway mutations. Forkhead box (FOX) family transcription factors are key regulators of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and there is mounting evidence that they act in part by fine-tuning the Wnt signaling output in a tissue-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, I review the diverse ways in which FOX transcription factors interact with the Wnt pathway, and how the ectopic reactivation of FOX proteins may affect Wnt signaling activity in various types of cancer. Many FOX transcription factors are partially functionally redundant and exhibit a highly restricted expression pattern, especially in adults. Thus, precision targeting of individual FOX proteins may lead to safe treatment options for Wnt-dependent cancers.
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Krause, Daniela L., and Norbert Müller. "Neuroinflammation, Microglia and Implications for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/732806.
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Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for decades. Still it has not been fully understood when and how inflammation arises in the course of AD. Whether inflammation is an underling cause or a resulting condition in AD remains unresolved. Mounting evidence indicates that microglial activation contributes to neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases. However, also beneficial aspects of microglial activation have been identified. The purpose of this review is to highlight new insights into the detrimental and beneficial role of neuroinflammation in AD. It is our intention to focus on newer controversies in the field of microglia activation. Precisely, we want to shed light on whether neuroinflammation is associated to brain tissue damage and functional impairment or is there also a damage limiting activity. In regard to this, we discuss the limitations and the advantages of anti-inflammatory treatment options and identify what future implications might result from this underling neuroinflammation for AD therapy.
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Zissimopoulos, Julie M., Dana P. Goldman, S. Jay Olshansky, John Rother, and John W. Rowe. "Individual & Social Strategies to Mitigate the Risks & Expand Opportunities of an Aging America." Daedalus 144, no. 2 (April 2015): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00333.
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Increasing life expectancy offers the potential benefit of additional years of productivity and engagement to both individuals and society as a whole. However, it also carries substantial risks. For many, advanced age brings increased disease and disability (including cognitive impairment), financial insecurity, and social isolation. These risks are greatest for those with the least education and financial resources. An aging society must cope with increasing demands for high-quality geriatric care, mounting stresses on social insurance programs (such as Social Security and Medicare in the United States), and the increasing danger that the growing gap between the haves and have-nots will threaten societal cohesion. These risks can be mitigated or aggravated by the lifestyle and savings behavior of individuals, families, employers, and the government. We present policy options in the areas of education, work and retirement, financial security, health care, and social cohesion that can promote the benefits and reduce the risks of longer life.
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Bonde, Bent Nørby. "How 12 Cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed were Brought to Trigger an International Conflict." Nordicom Review 28, no. 1 (May 1, 2007): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0199.
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Abstract The publication of twelve Mohammed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten (JP) led to consumer boycotts, burning embassies and official demands for UN to intervene. The article analyses why the religious protests in Denmark generated the astonishing international reactions. It concludes that a very hostile rhetoric against Muslims in Denmark and mounting international tensions were important pre-disposing causes for the conflict. In an analysis of the strategy used by Imams from the Danish Muslim communities the article concludes that they chose a policy of conflict escalation and mobilisation through keeping focus on the religious dimension of the crisis. The article points to several options, which were not used by the Danish government to de-escalate the conflict and illustrates how the government contributed to conflict escalation by making the case solely a matter of defending freedom of expression. Finally the article suggests some lessons to be learned, if other cross-cultural crises should appear in European countries in the future.
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Dubeau, J., and J. Sun. "ELECTRON EYE-LENS OPERATIONAL DOSE COEFFICIENTS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 188, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz295.
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Abstract In 2012, the International Commission on Radiological Protection issued a recommendation for a reduced annual eye-lens dose limit in the face of mounting evidence of the risk of cataract induction. This led to worldwide research efforts in various areas including the dose simulation in realistic eye-models, the production of dosimeters and the elaboration of protection and operation fluence to eye-lens dose coefficients. In this last case, much efforts have been expanded with regards to photon operational coefficients for Hp (3) but much less for electron radiation. In this work, Hp (3) coefficients for electrons are presented following simulations using MCNP and compared to those that are available in the literature. It is found that, at energies of 1 MeV and less, Hp (3) coefficients depend strongly on the selected electron transport options and on the dose tally volume. The effect of these differences is demonstrated for two beta emitters.
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Bessell, Michael S. "Beauty and Astrophysics." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 17, no. 2 (2000): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as00179.
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AbstractSpectacular colour images have been made by combining CCD images in three different passbands using Adobe Photoshop. These beautiful images highlight a variety of astrophysical phenomena and should be a valuable resource for science education and public awareness of science. The wide field images were obtained at the Siding Spring Observatory (SSO) by mounting a Hasselblad or Nikkor telephoto lens in front of a 2K × 2K CCD. Options of more than 30 degrees or 6 degrees square coverage are produced in a single exposure in this way. Narrow band or broad band filters were placed between lens and CCD enabling deep, linear images in a variety of passbands to be obtained. We have mapped the LMC and SMC and are mapping the Galactic Plane for comparison with the Molonglo Radio Survey. Higher resolution images have also been made with the 40 inch telescope of galaxies and star forming regions in the Milky Way.
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Gugliucci, Marilyn. "Age-Friendly University Initiative Applied to Health Professions Education Programs." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1793.
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Abstract Opportunities for health professions (HP) education programs to make a mark in the Age Friendly University (AFU) initiative abound. Key approaches are introduced, and insights for mounting these efforts are discussed, for HP education programs based on the AFU global network initiative and the Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE). Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that offer HP education, have various options to establish and enhance gerontology/geriatrics competence and confidence for their students. AFU guiding principles applicable to HP education allow health gerontology faculty to be catalysts to promote and integrate the AFU guiding principles within their program’s existing curriculum. This can contribute to their institution’s readiness to apply for the AFU designation, advance the institution’s age friendliness, and/or set up the program to apply for the AGHE Program of Merit (POM) for Health Professions Programs. All prepare future HP professions providers to improve older adult health care. Part of a symposium sponsored by Directors of Aging Centers Interest Group.
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Dr. Asiya Chaudhary and Mushahid Ali Shamsi. "Need of post-consumer textile waste management via circular economy." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 16, 2020): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s32.
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Prosperity leads to extravagance. With economic development and escalating purchasing power of consumers and expanding manufacturing sectors, demand for textiles and apparel are mounting day by day. No doubt it boosts economies of nations, yet at the same time results in loads of textile waste to unprecedented levels which is categorized into Pre-consumer & Post-consumer textile waste. This surge Socio-economic and environmental problems, while it will be converted into an opportunity by adopting Circular Economy in Textiles manufacturing, which is virtually missing from many economies of the world, especially from Indian Economy that's why a primary based exploratory research was conducted in India with 260 samples that were collected from selected cities of Indiato explore quantity, reasons and methods used to dispose off Post-consumer textile waste. It identifies consumers' awareness and inclinations towards Circular Economy. The outcome depicts that an average consumer discards (most often donate) around 6 pieces in a year with limited options. Their ignorance, absence of alternative options and lack of government role worsens the situation. The study has strong implications, generating awareness for the Circular Economy and attracting entrepreneurs and Nations Government to frame policies and provisions that would encourage investment on plants, technology and training on Circular Economy. This study would definitely open avenues for small & Medium scale entrepreneurs, generate employment and above all produce sustainable textiles and create a sustainable environment via Circular Economy.
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Pavlov, I. D., Ya V. Karaev, and M. A. Kot. "Ultra Wide Band Dielectric Rod Antenna." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-2-38-45.
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Introduction. Often, the space allocated for placement of an antenna has an inconvenient shape for this. The inconvenience is that its overall dimensions, namely the length and height, relate to each other approximately as 5:1. The task of placing the antenna in the space, in the absence of ready-made solutions, involves the development of an antenna with a similar ratio (5:1) of overall dimensions and with the possibility of convenient mounting on a flat conductive surface. Also, in the 9:1 frequency band, the antenna should have the following radio technical characteristics: voltage standing wave coefficient (VSWR) of not more than 3, gain of at least 1 dBi, radiation patterns should be axisymmetric with side lobe level not exceeding 25 %.Aim. Development and study of the characteristics of an ultra-wideband dielectric rod antenna.Materials and methods. Two structurally different versions of an ultra-wideband dielectric rod antenna were proposed. The main radio technical characteristics of both options were obtained through electrodynamic modeling in Ansoft HFSS.Results. As a result of the simulation, the following radio characteristics were obtained: – for the first option, the VSWR does not exceed 3.25 in the required frequency range, the gain varies from 6 to 12 dBi, the axisymmetric radiation patterns with the level of the side lobes not exceeding 30 %; – for the second option, the VSWR does not exceed 2.75 in the required frequency range, the gain varies from 5 to 11 dBi, the axisymmetric radiation patterns with the level of the side lobes not exceeding 20 %; In addition, the structural differences of the second option make it convenient to fix it on a flat conductive surface.Conclusion. Comparison of the obtained results with the requirements for the antenna under consideration shows that, unlike the first, the second option has an acceptable level of matching (VSWR 2.75) and of side radiation of radiation patterns (20 %). Based on this, it can be concluded that only the second option is suitable for the intended application.
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Rajan, Pradeep Kumar, Utibe-Abasi Udoh, Juan D. Sanabria, Moumita Banerjee, Gary Smith, Mathew Steven Schade, Jacqueline Sanabria, et al. "The Role of Histone Acetylation-/Methylation-Mediated Apoptotic Gene Regulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 8894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238894.
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Epigenetics, an inheritable phenomenon, which influences the expression of gene without altering the DNA sequence, offers a new perspective on the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is projected to account for a significant share of HCC incidence due to the growing prevalence of various metabolic disorders. One of the major molecular mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation, post-translational histone modification seems to coordinate various aspects of NASH which will further progress to HCC. Mounting evidence suggests that the orchestrated events of cellular and nuclear changes during apoptosis can be regulated by histone modifications. This review focuses on the current advances in the study of acetylation-/methylation-mediated histone modification in apoptosis and the implication of these epigenetic regulations in HCC. The reversibility of epigenetic alterations and the agents that can target these alterations offers novel therapeutic approaches and strategies for drug development. Further molecular mechanistic studies are required to enhance information governing these epigenetic modulators, which will facilitate the design of more effective diagnosis and treatment options.
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Fiorati, Regina Celia, and Toyoko Saeki. "The prevalence of medical/clinical technology over psychosocial care actions in outpatient mental health services." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 18, no. 10 (October 2013): 2957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232013001000020.
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The scope of this study was to evaluate how aspects of mental health policy in Brazil have been conceived and implemented in outpatient services, such as the Regional Outpatient Mental Health Clinic and the Psychosocial Care Center II, both in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. Semi-direct interviews and focus groups were conducted with 22 health professionals. The theoretical method and data analysis were supported by the dialectical hermeneutic framework of Jürgen Habermas. The following aspects were detected: considerable technological advancement in health actions and centrality of clinical-medical technology in relation to other nonmedical therapeutic actions; the prioritization of treatment options emphasizing pathology and drug therapy, and a process of mounting precariousness in labor relations. With respect to psychosocial rehabilitation, analysis revealed that instrumental and technically-oriented treatment is imposed upon the practical and dialogical rationale proposed by Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. As an alternative, participatory evaluative research is required in order to unify clinical and psychosocial rehabilitation actions in therapeutic projects, while establishing mechanisms to promote the improvement of care based on the psychosocial care model.
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Auer, Peter. "What’s in a Name? The Rise (and Fall?) of Flexicurity." Journal of Industrial Relations 52, no. 3 (June 2010): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185610365646.
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The term ‘flexicurity’ was coined by politicians, researchers and, most prominently, the European Commission as an encompassing labour market reform agenda for the 27 member countries of the European Union. As part of the European social model it offered an alternative to the Anglo Saxon ‘flexibility of the labour market’ mantra and attracted widespread attention around the world, lately also in the USA and in Australia. The recent global financial crisis, which often saw internal adjustment by shortening hours of work instead of external adjustment through lay-offs, has challenged the original concept based on easier hiring and firing coupled with sound social protection for the unemployed. Also the increasing irritation of trade unions with the term, coupled with mounting scepticism among researchers and uncertainties in support from a newly nominated EU Commission, means that the concept faces an uncertain future. However, the present widespread critique of flexicurity will probably not lead to the demise of the various policies that the term comprises, but to reinforcing internal adjustment options and supporting policies. At stake may be also a renaming of the concept.
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Wang, Bo, and Peter Tontonoz. "Phospholipid Remodeling in Physiology and Disease." Annual Review of Physiology 81, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114444.
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Phospholipids are major constituents of biological membranes. The fatty acyl chain composition of phospholipids determines the biophysical properties of membranes and thereby affects their impact on biological processes. The composition of fatty acyl chains is also actively regulated through a deacylation and reacylation pathway called Lands’ cycle. Recent studies of mouse genetic models have demonstrated that lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs), which catalyze the incorporation of fatty acyl chains into the sn-2 site of phosphatidylcholine, play important roles in pathophysiology. Two LPCAT family members, LPCAT1 and LPCAT3, have been particularly well studied. LPCAT1 is crucial for proper lung function due to its role in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. LPCAT3 maintains systemic lipid homeostasis by regulating lipid absorption in intestine, lipoprotein secretion, and de novo lipogenesis in liver. Mounting evidence also suggests that changes in LPCAT activity may be potentially involved in pathological conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, viral infections, and cancer. Pharmacological manipulation of LPCAT activity and membrane phospholipid composition may provide new therapeutic options for these conditions.
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Papini, Enrico, Hervé Monpeyssen, Andrea Frasoldati, and Laszlo Hegedüs. "2020 European Thyroid Association Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Image-Guided Ablation in Benign Thyroid Nodules." European Thyroid Journal 9, no. 4 (2020): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508484.
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Standard therapeutic approaches for benign thyroid lesions that warrant intervention are surgery for cold and either surgery or radioiodine for autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN). Image-guided thermal ablation (TA) procedures are increasingly proposed as therapy options for selected clinical conditions. Due to mounting scientific evidence and widening availability, ETA considered it appropriate to develop guidelines for the use of TA in adult patients. TA procedures are well tolerated, but a dedicated training of the operators is required and information on possible complications needs to be shared with the patients. The following factors should be considered when weighing between observation, surgery, and TA for benign thyroid nodules. In solid non-hyperfunctioning nodules, TA induces a decrease in thyroid nodule volume, paralleled by improvement in symptoms. Nodule re-growth is possible over time and may necessitate repeat treatment, or surgery, in a dialogue with the patient. In AFTN, radioactive iodine is the first-line treatment, but TA may be considered in young patients with small AFTN due to higher probability of restoring normal thyroid function and avoidance of irradiation. In cystic nodules, ethanol ablation (EA) is the most effective and least expensive treatment. TA may be considered for cystic lesions that relapse after EA or have a significant residual solid component following drainage and EA. TA should be restricted to benign lesions that cause symptoms or cosmetic concern. Presently, laser and radiofrequency ablation are the most thoroughly assessed techniques, with similar satisfactory clinical results. Microwaves and high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy options remain to be fully evaluated.
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Kravchenko, Galina M., Elena V. Trufanova, Dmitry S. Kostenko, and Sergey G. Tsurikov. "Structural Concepts of High-Rise Buildings Resistant to Progressive Collapse." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.54.
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In the article there will be a consideration of collapse process progressive simulation of a high-rise building by removing the first-floor columns. The object of the study will be a 27-storeyed high-rise building. The high-rise building structural concept will consist on a monolithic reinforced concrete frame. The mounting base structural concept has been modeled as absolutely rigid. Static and dynamic calculations have been performed in the «Ing +» software complex, while the wind load pulsating component was taking into account using the finite-element method for the spatial slab-and-rod model. The dynamic calculation analysis has shown the obtained oscillation forms corresponding to the design requirements. The stress-strain behavior has been studied for the floor slabs as reinforce constructive of a typical floor. Structural concepts for the building frame of a high-rise building have been developed to reduce the progressive collapse risk. In the physically non-linear calculations, with the removal of the first-floor corner and central columns, four options for the sandwich floor slabs reinforcing were taking into account. The rational reinforcement option has been selected, in which the building is resistant to progressive collapse. The building frame structural concept with the floor slabs heavy-duty reinforcement of the first five floors has been suggested. An outrigger floor with encircling reinforced concrete trusses along the outer contour was included to reinforce the load-carrying framework. Recommendations on the choice of rational structural concepts, reducing a high-rise building progressive collapse risk have been given.
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Singh, Jasjit, Sachin Maggo, and Uthara K. Sadananden. "Voxelotor: novel drug for sickle cell disease." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20200732.
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Sickle cell disease (SCD), is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the β‐chain of haemoglobin (Hb) that leads to production of sickle haemoglobin (HbS). The disease has a profound negative impact on health-related quality of life with increased propensity for complications. Current treatment options include drugs like hydroxyurea and L-glutamine that are currently on the market. However, none of these therapies target the underlying mechanism and have potential safety concerns. As oxygenated Hb is a potent inhibitor of HbS polymerization, increasing the proportion of oxygenated HbS may provide a disease‐modifying approach to SCD. Voxelotor is a novel therapy developed for the treatment of SCD by modulating the Hb affinity for oxygen. By forming a reversible covalent bond with the N‐terminal valine of the α‐chain of Hb, the drug results in an allosteric modification of Hb and thereby leading to an increase in oxygen affinity. Moreover, voxelotor prevents sickling of red blood cells (RBCs) and possibly interrupts the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. The drug is available in oral formulation with a recommended dosage of 1500 mg once daily. The onset of voxelotor is fast, shows rapid absorption and linear pharmacokinetics. Most common adverse reactions seen are headache, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Clinical trials for voxelotor have been positive, and results suggest that the drug may be a new safe and effective option for SCD treatment. With global blood therapeutics having already received US FDA approval in November 2019, voxelotor may soon be an addition to the mounting armoury of drugs against SCD.
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Dolma, Karma Gurmey, Tooba Mahboob, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Christophe Wiart, Bidita Khandelwal, Mohammed Rahmatullah, and Veeranoot Nissapatorn. "Challenges of COVID-19 and Tuberculosis - Urgent Need to Tackle the Dual Burden." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 27 (July 5, 2021): 2018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/413.
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The COVID-19 disease has currently overwhelmed all other health issues throughout the world. There can be many repercussions on existing public health issues, especially tuberculosis (TB), which is endemic in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In most of the LMICs, the health services are poorly equipped, the resources being diverted to control the pandemic of COVID-19, which can lead to grave consequences for LMICs. COVID-19 and TB are known to affect the respiratory system, so their symptoms are very similar, and at times can be perplexing for diagnosis. Moreover, lack of proper treatment and vaccine for COVID-19 can further increase the mounting pressure. Synthetic drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, are currently being used, but the side effects are a cause of concern. Hence, the efficacy of repositioned drugs is still under evaluation. The situation is further worsened by the possible development of drug-resistant mutants. What we need in current times is potential novel anti-viral drugs that are highly productive and economic in control and management of viral infections in LMICs. The only option which we can look upon is the natural products which are also known as bioactive compounds and their phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids and peptides that have anti-viral secondary metabolites which have shown promising results on COVID-19. This review systematically emphasizes the urgency for treatment options, which can be both safe and effective, especially for TB patients from LMICs. KEY WORDS Tuberculosis, COVID-19, Low and Middle Income Countries, Natural products, AntiViral Agents
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Teslya, D. N., S. V. Mityaev, and P. A. Drobyshev. "Сalculation of characteristics of atomization of liquid supplied at an angle to the flow direction and justification of adjusting the angle of the nozzle inclination relative to the gas flow." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2020-19-4-99-107.
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In the context of solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of aircraft with the capability to fly at supersonic speed, an important aspect is to reduce the amount of fuel consumed in this flight mode, since this is the most promising direction in the development of aviation and these modes are accompanied by a number of significant problems that require joint efforts of leading organizations in this field. To solve the problem of expanding the range of use of the afterburner during the flight of the aircraft and reducing the amount of fuel required for this flight, we suggest the angle of inclination of the fuel supply should be adjusted relative to the direction of gas flow. The results of calculating the distribution of the afterburner fuel over the volume of the afterburner, supported by known experimental data, are presented. The analysis of characteristic points on the graphs of the dependence of the main variables is carried out and possible reasons for the peculiar characteristics of the working process in the afterburner in the case of changing the nozzle mounting angle are indicated. Possible options of controlling the working process in the afterburner are suggested.
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Fleischhacker, Sheila E., Catherine E. Woteki, Paul M. Coates, Van S. Hubbard, Grace E. Flaherty, Daniel R. Glickman, Thomas R. Harkin, et al. "Strengthening national nutrition research: rationale and options for a new coordinated federal research effort and authority." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 721–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa179.
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ABSTRACT Background The US faces remarkable food and nutrition challenges. A new federal effort to strengthen and coordinate nutrition research could rapidly generate the evidence base needed to address these multiple national challenges. However, the relevant characteristics of such an effort have been uncertain. Objectives Our aim was to provide an objective, informative summary of 1) the mounting diet-related health burdens facing our nation and corresponding economic, health equity, national security, and sustainability implications; 2) the current federal nutrition research landscape and existing mechanisms for its coordination; 3) the opportunities for and potential impact of new fundamental, clinical, public health, food and agricultural, and translational scientific discoveries; and 4) the various options for further strengthening and coordinating federal nutrition research, including corresponding advantages, disadvantages, and potential executive and legislative considerations. Methods We reviewed government and other published documents on federal nutrition research; held various discussions with expert groups, advocacy organizations, and scientific societies; and held in-person or phone meetings with >50 federal staff in executive and legislative roles, as well as with a variety of other stakeholders in academic, industry, and nongovernment organizations. Results Stark national nutrition challenges were identified. More Americans are sick than are healthy, largely from rising diet-related illnesses. These conditions create tremendous strains on productivity, health care costs, health disparities, government budgets, US economic competitiveness, and military readiness. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has further laid bare these strains, including food insecurity, major diet-related comorbidities for poor outcomes from COVID-19 such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, and insufficient surveillance on and coordination of our food system. More than 10 federal departments and agencies currently invest in critical nutrition research, yet with relatively flat investments over several decades. Coordination also remains suboptimal, documented by multiple governmental reports over 50 years. Greater harmonization and expansion of federal investment in nutrition science, not a silo-ing or rearrangement of existing investments, has tremendous potential to generate new discoveries to improve and sustain the health of all Americans. Two identified key strategies to achieve this were as follows: 1) a new authority for robust cross-governmental coordination of nutrition research and other nutrition-related policy and 2) strengthened authority, investment, and coordination for nutrition research within the NIH. These strategies were found to be complementary, together catalyzing important new science, partnerships, coordination, and returns on investment. Additional complementary actions to accelerate federal nutrition research were identified at the USDA. Conclusions The need and opportunities for strengthened federal nutrition research are clear, with specific identified options to help create the new leadership, strategic planning, coordination, and investment the nation requires to address the multiple nutrition-related challenges and grasp the opportunities before us.
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Thorp, Alicia A., and Markus P. Schlaich. "Relevance of Sympathetic Nervous System Activation in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome." Journal of Diabetes Research 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/341583.
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Sympathetic tone is well recognised as being implicit in cardiovascular control. It is less readily acknowledged that activation of the sympathetic nervous system is integral in energy homeostasis and can exert profound metabolic effects. Accumulating data from animal and human studies suggest that central sympathetic overactivity plays a pivotal role in the aetiology and complications of several metabolic conditions that can cluster to form the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Given the known augmented risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality associated with the MetS understanding the complex pathways underlying the metabolic derangements involved has become a priority. Many factors have been proposed to contribute to increased sympathetic nerve activity in metabolic abnormalities including obesity, impaired baroreflex sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia, and elevated adipokine levels. Furthermore there is mounting evidence to suggest that chronic sympathetic overactivity can potentiate two of the key metabolic alterations of the MetS, central obesity and insulin resistance. This review will discuss the regulatory role of the sympathetic nervous system in metabolic control and the proposed pathophysiology linking sympathetic overactivity to metabolic abnormalities. Pharmacological and device-based approaches that target central sympathetic drive will also be discussed as possible therapeutic options to improve metabolic control in at-risk patient cohorts.
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Willie, James, and Ronald Sachs. "Structural and torsional vibration and noise analysis of a dry screw compressor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916648989.
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This paper investigates torsional vibration and pulsating noise in a dry screw compressor. The compressor is designed at Gardner Denver (GD) and is oil-free and use for mounting on highway trucks in the dry bulk industry. They are driven using a power take-off (PTO) transmission and gear box on a truck. Torque peak fluctuations and noise measurements are made and their sources are investigated and reported in this work. To accurately predict the torsional response (frequency and relative angular deflection and torque amplitude), the Holzer method is used. It is shown that the first torsional frequency is manifested as sidebands in the gear train meshing frequencies and this can lead to noise. Using measurement data and curve fitting it is deduced that the pulsating noise is a result of amplitude modulation and not frequency modulation. Sensitivity analysis of the drive train identifies the weakest link in the drive train that limits the first torsional frequency to a low value. Tuning options like increasing the stiffness or inertia of the weakest element and shifting the input speed to the right are presented and discussed. Finally, the effect of higher-order torsional modes on inter-lobe clearance distribution of the rotors is investigated.
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Madden, Kyle, Elaine Ramsey, Sharon Loane, and Joan Condell. "Trailgazers: A Scoping Study of Footfall Sensors to Aid Tourist Trail Management in Ireland and Other Atlantic Areas of Europe." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062038.
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This paper examines the current state of the art of commercially available outdoor footfall sensor technologies and defines individually tailored solutions for the walking trails involved in an ongoing research project. Effective implementation of footfall sensors can facilitate quantitative analysis of user patterns, inform maintenance schedules and assist in achieving management objectives, such as identifying future user trends like cyclo-tourism. This paper is informed by primary research conducted for the EU funded project TrailGazersBid (hereafter referred to as TrailGazers), led by Donegal County Council, and has Sligo County Council and Causeway Coast and Glens Council (NI) among the 10 project partners. The project involves three trails in Ireland and five other trails from Europe for comparison. It incorporates the footfall capture and management experiences of trail management within the EU Atlantic area and desk-based research on current footfall technologies and data capture strategies. We have examined 6 individual types of sensor and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. We provide key learnings and insights that can help to inform trail managers on sensor options, along with a decision-making tool based on the key factors of the power source and mounting method. The research findings can also be applied to other outdoor footfall monitoring scenarios.
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Abdelhamed, M. N., and A. V. Shchenyatsky. "Mobile Platform for Car Service." Bulletin of Kalashnikov ISTU 24, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2021-1-64-70.
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The analysis of the use of drives of mobile and transport robots is given. Various options for design solutions are considered, including the main selected drive of a mobile platform with four Omni-wheels, ensuring maximum mobility and maneuverability. Masses and ground clearance of vehicles of various classes are estimated to determine the overall dimensions of the mobile platform in terms of height and carrying capacity. It has been established that the necessary elements of a mobile platform are universal mounting plates and trailed equipment.The control systems of two variants have been developed. The first is automatic, for an autonomous mobile platform, and the second is for remote control. Control systems include 3 microcontrollers, 5 drivers, 6 motors, 4 sensors. The position of the mobile platform can be controlled by the operator remotely using a mobile application. Power supply of the MP is carried out from its own battery, from the car network or an external network. An algorithm for the operation of the control system for different versions is proposed. 3D models of the mobile platform and suspension unit models have been developed. Calculations of the lifting mechanism of the MP are given. The layout of the nodes of the mobile platform is presented.
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Ade Argi. "EVALUATION OF LEARNING PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 12, no. 01 (March 31, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/gjik.121.08.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the level of effectiveness of physical education virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic first grade students of 6 junior high school Bogor. The research method used is to use a descriptive qualitative research method, namely a survey using Google form media which is carried out in each house. The population in this study were students of 6 junior high school Bogor mounting to 306 students and using a sample of 34 students in the same class. This study used an instrument in the form of a questionnaire with variables. This research includes three aspects of affective, cognitive and psychomotor. Affective here uses a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire to obtain research data with a total of 18 questions with answer options Strongly, Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree Based on the results of research analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the level of physical education learning during the COVID-19 pandemic can be broken down as follows the affective category average is 33.56, the cognitive average is 89.56 and the psychomotor is 78.67. From the three data, it was found that the average level of learning effectiveness was 67.27 with the category less
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Salman, M., and W. Mualla. "Water demand management in Syria: centralized and decentralized views." Water Policy 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.065.
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The countries of the Middle East are characterized by large temporal and spatial variations in precipitation and with limited surface and groundwater resources. The rapid growth and development in the region have led to mounting pressures on scarce resources to satisfy water demands. The dwindling availability of water to meet development needs has become a significant regional issue, especially as a number of countries are facing serious water deficit. Syria is becoming progressively shorter of water as future demand is coming close to or even surpassing available resources. Syria had a population of 18 million in 2002, and its total renewable water resources (TRWR) is estimated around 16 × 109 m3 per year. In other words, the per capita TRWR is less than the water scarcity index (1,000 m3 per person per year) which will make the country experience chronic stress that will hinder its economic development and entail serious degradation. Unfortunately, if water demand at current prices continues to increase in the same way, Syria will experience an alarming deficit between the available resources and the potential needs in the near future. In Syria, until fairly recently, emphasis has been placed on the supply side of water development. Demand management and improvement of patterns of water use has received less attention. The aim was always to augment the national water budget with new water. The most popular way of achieving this aim was to control surface flows by building new dams and creating multi-purpose reservoirs (there are now around 160 dams in Syria with a total capacity of 14 × 109 m3). Irrigation schemes were also built and agricultural activities were expanded greatly to achieve self-sufficiency in essential food products and food security. However, this is no longer achievable with the limited water resources available; water demand is rapidly increasing and easily mobilizable resources have already been exploited. The objective of this paper is to think of different possible ways to manage water demand in the agricultural sector of Syria. It mainly involves two main management options: taxation as a centralized option and water markets as a decentralized one. While water demand management refers to improving both productive and allocative efficiency of water use, this paper focuses on two allocative measures (taxation and water markets) and does not thoroughly cover productive measures such as rehabilitation and upgrading of irrigation schemes or improving operation. However, the paper does not attempt to settle the question for or against each option but tries to find some elements to determine under which conditions the option can lead to expected outcomes taking into account the history of management and the local conditions in Syria: political, social and economical. The paper also looks at other alternatives such as cooperative action and lifting subsidies and argues their possible association to the main management options that may help in reducing the difficulties of implementation.
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Facon, Thierry. "Maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma in the era of novel agents." Hematology 2015, no. 1 (December 5, 2015): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.279.
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Abstract Despite many recent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma, the course of the disease is characterized by a repeating pattern of periods of remission and relapse as patients cycle through the available treatment options. Evidence is mounting that long-term maintenance therapy may help suppress residual disease after definitive therapy, prolonging remission and delaying relapse. For patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), lenalidomide maintenance therapy has been shown to improve progression-free survival (PFS); however, it is still unclear whether this translates into extended overall survival (OS). For patients ineligible for ASCT, continuous therapy with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone was shown to improve PFS and OS (interim analysis) compared with a standard, fixed-duration regimen of melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide in a large phase 3 trial. Other trials have also investigated thalidomide and bortezomib maintenance for ASCT patients, and both agents have been evaluated as continuous therapy for those who are ASCT ineligible. However, some important questions regarding the optimal regimen and duration of therapy must be answered by prospective clinical trials before maintenance therapy, and continuous therapy should be considered routine practice. This article reviews the available data on the use of maintenance or continuous therapy strategies and highlights ongoing trials that will help to further define the role of these strategies in the management of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
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CAN, Cansın Kemal. "How vulnerable is the fiscal posture in Turkey?" Green Finance 3, no. 3 (2021): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2021016.
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<abstract> <p>This study gauges the degree of fiscal vulnerability in Turkey by calculating the debt stabilising primary balance level and evaluates how this variable measures up against the actual primary balance levels for the 1978–2019 period. Based on this comparison, we build up a fiscal fragility index using the methodology described in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b15">Stoian (2012)</xref>. In addition, the Toda-Yamamoto causality test is carried out to detect the direction of causality among these two variables. The index-based analysis reveals that the fiscal performance of Turkey was chiefly satisfactory for the estimation period. Also, the Toda-Yamamoto causality test results imply a unidirectional causality from the required primary balance to real primary balance, suggesting that the government uses the primary balance to stabilise fiscal imbalances, which is an affirmative effort by the government to restore fiscal sustainability. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the implementation of corrective fiscal actions to preserve stability, the index value is steadily moving up in recent years, indicating a mounting fiscal vulnerability risk. Back-loading fiscal adjustments involving spending cuts, full-fledged tax reform, proper scrutiny of public expenses, etc., are among the prominent policy options available to the government to alter the ongoing unfavourable trend in the fiscal vulnerability index.</p> </abstract>
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Snedden, A. M., J. B. Lilleker, and H. Chinoy. "In Pursuit of an Effective Treatment: the Past, Present and Future of Clinical Trials in Inclusion Body Myositis." Current Treatment Options in Rheumatology 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40674-020-00169-4.
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Abstract Purpose of review No clinical trial in sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) thus far has shown a clear and sustained therapeutic effect. We review previous trial methodology, explore why results have not translated into clinical practice, and suggest improvements for future IBM trials. Recent findings Early trials primarily assessed immunosuppressive medications, with no significant clinical responses observed. Many of these studies had methodological issues, including small participant numbers, nonspecific diagnostic criteria, short treatment and/or assessment periods and insensitive outcome measures. Most recent IBM trials have instead focused on nonimmunosuppressive therapies, but there is mounting evidence supporting a primary autoimmune aetiology, including the discovery of immunosuppression-resistant clones of cytotoxic T cells and anti-CN-1A autoantibodies which could potentially be used to stratify patients into different cohorts. The latest trials have had mixed results. For example, bimagrumab, a myostatin blocker, did not affect the 6-min timed walk distance, whereas sirolimus, a promotor of autophagy, did. Larger studies are planned to evaluate the efficacy of sirolimus and arimoclomol. Summary Thus far, no treatment for IBM has demonstrated a definite therapeutic effect, and effective treatment options in clinical practice are lacking. Trial design and ineffective therapies are likely to have contributed to these failures. Identification of potential therapeutic targets should be followed by future studies using a stratified approach and sensitive and relevant outcome measures.
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Munawar, Nayla, Khansa Ahsan, Khalid Muhammad, Aftab Ahmad, Munir A. Anwar, Iltaf Shah, Ahlam Khalifa Al Ameri, and Fadwa Al Mughairbi. "Hidden Role of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Schizophrenia: Antipsychotics or Psychobiotics as Therapeutics?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 7671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147671.
Full textAbstract:
Schizophrenia is a chronic, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that has complex symptoms and uncertain etiology. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of genetics and epigenetic disturbances, alteration in gut microbiome, immune system abnormalities, and environmental influence in the disease, but a single root cause and mechanism involved has yet to be conclusively determined. Consequently, the identification of diagnostic markers and the development of psychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia faces a high failure rate. This article surveys the etiology of schizophrenia with a particular focus on gut microbiota regulation and the microbial signaling system that correlates with the brain through the vagus nerve, enteric nervous system, immune system, and production of postbiotics. Gut microbially produced molecules may lay the groundwork for further investigations into the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Current treatment of schizophrenia is limited to psychotherapy and antipsychotic drugs that have significant side effects. Therefore, alternative therapeutic options merit exploration. The use of psychobiotics alone or in combination with antipsychotics may promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In view of the individual gut microbiome structure and personalized response to antipsychotic drugs, a tailored and targeted manipulation of gut microbial diversity naturally by novel prebiotics (non-digestible fiber) may be a successful alternative therapeutic for the treatment of schizophrenia patients.
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Shalenko, Vadym, Boris Korniychuk, and Andriі Masluyk. "Z-axis limit switch 3D printer." Gіrnichі, budіvelnі, dorozhnі ta melіorativnі mashini, no. 96 (December 31, 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/gbdmm2020.96.0301.
Full textAbstract:
Not much time has passed since the appearance of the first 3D printer. Today there are many different printers. They differ in various 3D printing technologies, namely: Stereolithography – SL, Selective Laser Sintering, Fused Deposition Modeling – FDM, Laminated Object Manufacturing – LOM, Polyjet and Ployjet Matrix.
In recent years, the spread of 3D printing technology has become and continues to be used more and more today. Of course, in the future we will see a large-scale spread of additive methods, but the practical application of 3D printing today is available to everyone. Melting deposition modeling technologies have become widespread and available.
The authors in this article consider possible options for upgrading the mounting of the end sensor of the Z Axis and automating the process of calibration of the zero gap of the extruder nozzle relative to the working surface of the printer. This calibration is important. This affects the accuracy and printing process of the future plastic model.
During the operation of the 3D printer, it is often necessary to service the extruder, which forces the process of calibrating the zero gap of the printer nozzle. Optimally correct selected nozzle clearance affects the accuracy, geometry of the model and printing as a whole. It also allows you to get rid of peeling off the model from the desktop surface and the destruction of the model during printing.
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Brosnan, James T., Matthew T. Elmore, and Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan. "Herbicide-resistant weeds in turfgrass: current status and emerging threats." Weed Technology 34, no. 3 (June 2020): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.29.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHerbicide-resistant weeds pose a severe threat to sustainable vegetation management in various production systems worldwide. The majority of the herbicide resistance cases reported thus far originate from agronomic production systems where herbicide use is intensive, especially in industrialized countries. Another notable sector with heavy reliance on herbicides for weed control is managed turfgrass systems, particularly golf courses and athletic fields. Intensive use of herbicides, coupled with a lack of tillage and other mechanical tools that are options in agronomic systems, increases the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds evolving in managed turfgrass systems. Among the notable weed species at high risk for evolving resistance under managed turf systems in the United States are annual bluegrass, goosegrass, and crabgrasses. The evolution and spread of multiple herbicide resistance, an emerging threat facing the turfgrass industry, should be addressed with the use of diversified management tools. Target-site resistance has been reported commonly as a mechanism of resistance for many herbicide groups, though non–target site resistance is an emerging concern. Despite the anecdotal evidence of the mounting weed resistance issues in managed turf systems, the lack of systematic and periodic surveys at regional and national scales means that confirmed reports are very limited and sparse. Furthermore, currently available information is widely scattered in the literature. This review provides a concise summary of the current status of herbicide-resistant weeds in managed turfgrass systems in the United States and highlights key emerging threats.