Academic literature on the topic 'Mouthpiece control'

Chanteuse and composer Titiek Puspa (1937-) vocalized the tensions and contradictions of gendered modernity in Indonesia during the socially turbulent 1960s and 1970s. This period of Indonesian history is divided politically by first president Sukarno’s anti-imperialist “Old Order” (Orde Lama, 1950-1965) and second president Suharto’s pro-Western “New Order” (Orde Baru, 1966-1998). Titiek Puspa (hereafter Titiek) cultivated a proximity to state power – to Sukarno, one of Indonesia’s founding fathers, and Suharto, the “Father of Development” (Bapak Pembangunan) – that amplified her voice and enabled it to circulate more widely and freely than other female singers. However, she was not a mouthpiece of these divergent political “orders”; that is, her relatively autonomous voice did not align neatly with either regime. Titiek’s voice and body were contested terrain in both presidential regimes; they patronized and celebrated her, but also wanted to control her. The patriarchal orders used her as a symbol of proper womanhood in her role as wife and mother, but she developed an image as an independent and successful modern woman who supported her husbands and other family members. Titiek Puspa played an important role in each regime’s ideology of modernity, but she also articulated the disjuncture between a woman’s voice and the reigning political order.

Pharmaceutical metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are drug delivery devices that are designed to produce self-propelled aerosols for inhalation therapies. Conventional MDI actuators use configurations based on a “two-orifice-and-sump” design. This promotes partial expansion of the propellant as a pre-atomisation stage. The final aerosol contains large numbers of respirable particles (1–5μm), but the aerosol plume velocity tends to be very high (50–100m/s). The KOS Vortex Nozzle Assembly (VNA) is an innovative actuator concept, which enables a measure of control of plume velocity. The device utilises