Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mouvement de grande amplitude'
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Dassonville, Bruno. "Etude expérimentale des effets non linéaires du mouvement de grande amplitude d'un corps faiblement immergé." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604230t.
Full textDassonville, Bruno. "Etude experimentale des effets non-lineaires du mouvement de grande amplitude d'un corps faiblement immerge." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2059.
Full textGUILBERT, CHRISTOPHE. "Etudes theoriques des mouvements de grande amplitude dans les proteines." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077214.
Full textVacherand, Jean-Michel. "L'Acétone de l'étude au laboratoire à la détection radioastronomique d'une molécule présentant un mouvement de grande amplitude /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376104778.
Full textVacherand, Jean-Michel. "L'acétone : de l'étude au laboratoire à la détection radioastronomique d'une molécule présentant un mouvement de grande amplitude." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10103.
Full textLux, Jacques. "Nouvelles navettes moléculaires : vers des mouvements rapides et de grande amplitude." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6165.
Full textGilloteaux, Jean-Christophe. "Mouvements de grande amplitude d'un corps flottant en fluide parfait. Application à la récupération de l'énergie des vagues." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521689.
Full textSanejouand, Yves-Henri. "Etude théorique des mouvements internes de grande amplitude de la décaalanine et du fragment C-terminal de la protéine ribosomale L7/L12." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266537.
Full textSanejouand, Yves-Henri. "Etude theorique des mouvements internes de grande amplitude de la decaalanine et du fragment c-terminal de la proteine ribosomale l7/l12." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112136.
Full textElkeurti, Mohamed. "Etude des spectres haute résolution de plusieurs molécules non-rigides : inversion dans les variétés partiellement deutérées de l’ammoniac 15NH2D et 15ND2H, et rotation interne dans la variété monodeutérée de l’acételdéhyde CH3COD." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066586.
Full textThe high-resolution absroption spectra of the three non-rigid molecules 15NH2D, 15ND2H et CH3COD have been studies. Concerning the two first molecules, their rotation-inversion and vibration-inversion-rotation spectra have been analyzed and more than 700 transitions were assigned for each molecules. The analysis of these data led to the determination of the inversion splittings, of the rotational constants, and of the rotation-inversion coupling parameters. Concerning CH3COD, its rotation-torsion spectrum has been studied and more than 2500 transtions were assigned in the microwave and far infrared spectra. The analysis of these data allowed us to obtain the height of the hindering barrier to internal rotation. For the three molecules, spectroscopic databases for astrophysical purpose have been built
Lozada-Garcia, Rolando. "Dynamics and Photodynamics of Acetylacetone in para-Hydrogen matrices." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780495.
Full textCruz, Frederico Firmo de Souza. "Teorias microscópicas para movimentos coletivos de grande amplitude." Universidade de São Paulo, 1986. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-27022014-151624/.
Full textIn this work, the many proposals of Collective Paths\" that have appeared in literature, were derived through a local analysis of the Time Dependent Hartree Fock dynamics. Those proposals were compared and validity conditions obtained for Semiclassical Hamiltonians which have only quadratic terms in momenta. A careful analysis of the parametrization of Slater Determinants allowed us to exploit the geometrical features of the Time Dependent Hartree Fock Theory and construct the Paths in a covariant way. The analysis was applied to a three level model (SU(3)).
ELAOUFIR, ABDELJAOUAD. "Turbulence de grande amplitude dans le precurseur de la terre." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112065.
Full textOliveira, Ivan de 1972. "Modulação de índice de refração de grande amplitude em cristais fotorrefrativos." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278043.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T14:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_Ivande_M.pdf: 544107 bytes, checksum: 29c6c3704911b2693cd96c690784b00f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002
Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos o registro holográfico em cristais fotorrefrativos, na presença de auto-difração e forte absorção óptica, utilizando técnicas holográficas. Utilizamos os hologramas em movimento e a evolução temporal do holograma para a caracterização do cristal Bi12TiO20. O uso de hologramas em movimento é uma técnica interessante para caracterizar o material e obter valores altos para a eficiência de difração. Verificamos que a aplicação de campo elétrico externo no processo de registro holográfico em cristais fotorrefrativos aumenta a eficiência de difração introduzindo, porém, perturbações no registro holográfico. Conhecendo os parâmetros que caracterizam o cristal, encontramos as melhores condições experimentais para obter hologramas com a maior eficiência de difrção possível
Abstract: In this work we have studied the holographic recording in photorefractive crystals taking into account self-diraction and strong optical absorption, by means of holographic techniques. We have used running holograms and the hologram temporal evolution for the characterization of a Bi12TiO20 crystal sample. The use of running holograms is an interesting technique for such characterizations and for the obtention of high values of diffraction efficiency. We verified that applying an external electric field during the holographic recording process increases the diffraction eficiency, although it introduces perturbations in the holographic recordings. Once the parameters that characterize the crystal were known we found the best experimental conditions in order to obtain holograms with the highest possible diffraction eficiency
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
Huffenus, Anne-Fabienne. "Effets différenciés de la fatigue musculaire induite par contractions volontaires et par électromyostimulation sur l'organisation d'un mouvement multi articulaire." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS058.
Full textLnevitable consequence in a prolonged intense exercise, muscular fatigue leads to motor adaptations. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the behavioural effects of muscular fatigue on multi joint movement organization. Data from a first experimentation strongly suggested that the behaviour of subjects realizing the same task but in different fatigue states is representative of an action framework consistent with the induced fatigue localization. Indeed; during the throws realized after voluntary exhaustion of arm distal and proximal extensors, the motor compensatory strategies are different. For instance, in distal fatigue condition, the perturbation is compensated by an increased of multi joint system rigidity and by a co-variation of elbow and wrist joint rotations; while, in proximal fatigue condition, the multi joint coordination is reorganized and the joints function is modified. Observations made on throws realized before and after an exhaustive procedure induced by electromyostimulation, so with a different involvement of the Central Nervous System (CNS), complete our previous results. Contrary to the voluntary fatigue conditions, during which the motor strategy consisted in using the intersegmental dynamics, the artificial fatigue doesn't affect the coordination and the adaptation is a simple regulation of the weak muscle activation; which results in spread of muscle fatigue. This suggests that the compensatory strategy optimization, produced by the CNS, need not only the integration of peripheral signals of exhaustion but also an internal representation of the multijoint system dynamic state
Iouldachbaeva, Elmira Kh. "Opérateur de cranking auto-cohérent pour les vibrations nucléaires collectives de grande amplitude." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR11790.
Full textGandt, François de. "Force et géométrie : mouvement et mathématiques chez Newton." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010583.
Full textBouchet, Christian. "Aleister Crowley (1875-1947) et le mouvement thélémite." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070136.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to expose the thought of Aleister Crowley and the influence of it. Aleister Crowley is one of the actors of the renewal of the ritual magic in the 20e century. He influenced the majority of the new magical movements of our days. Those are the object of a circumstancial description. Aleister Crowley is too a poet, a writer and a painter. He is too a political militant. All this activities are described
Okie, Laird. "Augustan historical writing : histories of England in the English enlightenment /." Lanham (Md.) : University press of America, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35557589m.
Full textSahli, Sonia. "Détermination des efforts articulaires induits par le mouvement de 1/2 squat avec charge additionnelle : approche cinématique et cinétique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20035.
Full textGuiroy, Axel. "Mécanique d'une cellule vivante isolée : linéarité à grande déformation et mécanosensibilité acto-myosine dépendante." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077044.
Full textDuring the last two decades, the importance of mechanics in biological processes was clearly revealed. For instance, a cell is able to detect the physical characteristics of its surrounding (rigidity, anisotropy. . . ) and, in turn, to mechanically act on it (spreading, migration. . . ). In this context, we used a uniaxial micro-rheometer to study two aspects of single cell mechanics: On the one hand, we investigated the rheological properties, i. E. The cell strain when submitted to different controlled stresses. We have shown a remarkable similarity between the small strain behaviour under oscillating stress (ɛ < 10%) and the creep response at high strains (ɛ < 100%). These results imply linearity of the cell response at high strains, and could probably be due to protein recruitment (particularly in the cell cortex). On the other hand, the main part of this work was devoted to the study of the cell sensitivity to the rigidity of its mechanical environment, a phenomenon called durotaxis. We have measured for the first time the contraction speed as well as the mechanical power supplied by an isolated cell to bend glass microplates of différent stiffnesses. The evolution of the speed and the power as fonctions of the stifmess of the plates could be explained by the laws of acto-myosin contraction under different loads. These fîndings lead us to suggest that durotaxis could be a phenomenon of a purely mechanical origin, based on rigidity matching
Lempereur, Mathieu. "SIMULATION DU MOUVEMENT D'ENTRÉE DANS UN VÉHICULE AUTOMOBILE." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338087.
Full textDes mouvements d'entrée dans un véhicule automobile ont été simulés pour les sujets caractéristiques et d'autres sujets de la base de mouvements. La comparaison avec les mouvements mesurés montre une bonne similarité, qui néanmoins se dégrade avec l'éloignement du sujet par rapport au sujet caractéristique. Des simulations de sujets fictifs montrent enfin les limites de l'outil développé.
Ce travail ouvre de nombreuses perspectives de recherche allant de l'amélioration du modèle squelettique de l'homme à la prise en compte de la dynamique pour estimer l'inconfort d'un mouvement généré par la simulation.
Niel, Fabien. "Modélisation et contrôle d'une aile en présence d'oscillations aéroélastiques de grande amplitude et à faible nombre de Reynolds." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0003/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at providing a general approach for aeroelastic control. First, an aeroelastic model of an oscillating wing is developed to capture the phenomena of hysteresis of aerodynamic load and dynamic stall which can be observed at low Reynolds number or large angles of attack. The model is then trained and successfully compared to experimental data for a NACA 0018 wing. This model, like many aeroelastic models, suffers from its inherent complexity and nonlinearities which make its analysis and control challenging. Consequently, the set of equations is conveniently manipulated to encapsulate the nonlinearities in a polytopic formulation with unknown parameters. Then, based on linear quadratic regulation theory and using framework of linear matrix inequalities, several theorems are developed considering saturations which are a major and recurrent issue in flight control. The theorems are then successfully applied to solve the problem of stall flutter in presence of rate and magnitude saturations
Joncour, Frédéric. "Migration profondeur avant sommation en amplitude préservée par extrapolation de forme d'onde." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001616.
Full textRodrigues, Ferreira Elizabete. "Finite-amplitude waves in deformed elastic materials." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210464.
Full textAprès un rappel des équations de base de l'élasticité non linéaire (Chapitre 1), on considère tout d'abord la classe générale des matériaux incompressibles. Pour ces matériaux, on montre que la propagation d'ondes transversales polarisées linéairement est possible pour des choix appropriés des directions de polarisation et de propagation. De plus, on propose des généralisations des modèles classiques de "Mooney-Rivlin" et "néo-Hookéen" qui conduisent à de nouvelles solutions. Bien que le contexte soit tri-dimensionnel, il s'avère que toutes ces ondes sont régies par des équations d'ondes scalaires non linéaires uni-dimensionelles. Dans le cas de solutions du type ondes simples, on met en évidence une propriété remarquable du flux et de la densité d'énergie.
Dans les Chapitres 3 et 4, on se limite à un modèle particulier de matériaux compressibles appelé "modèle restreint de Blatz-Ko", qui est une version compressible du modèle néo-Hookéen.
En milieu infini (Chapitre 3), on montre que des ondes transversales polarisées linéairement, faisant intervenir deux variables spatiales, peuvent se propager. Bien que la théorie soit non linéaire, le champ de déplacement de ces ondes est régi par une version anisotrope de l'équation d'onde bi-dimensionnelle classique. En particulier, on présente des solutions à symétrie "cylindrique elliptique" analogues aux ondes cylindriques. Comme cas particulier, on obtient aussi des ondes planes inhomogènes atténuées à la fois dans l'espace et dans le temps. De plus, on montre que diverses superpositions appropriées de solutions sont possibles. Dans chaque cas, on étudie les propriétés du flux et de la densité d'énergie. En particulier, dans le cas de superpositions il s'avère que des termes d'interactions interviennent dans les expressions de la densité et du flux d'énergie.
Finalement (Chapitre 4), on présente une solution exacte qui constitue une généralisation non linéaire de l'onde de Love classique. On considère ici un espace semi-infini, appelé "substrat" recouvert par une couche. Le substrat et la couche sont constitués de deux matériaux restreints de Blatz-Ko pré-déformés. L'onde non linéaire de Love est constituée d'un mouvement non atténué dans la couche et d'une onde plane inhomogène dans le substrat, choisies de manière à satisfaire aux conditions aux limites. La relation de dispersion qui en résulte est analysée en détail. On présente de plus des propriétés générales du flux et de la densité d'énergie dans le substrat et dans la couche.
The context of this thesis is the non linear elasticity theory, also called "finite elasticity".
Results are obtained for finite-amplitude waves in non linear elastic materials which are first subjected to a large homogeneous static deformation. Although the materials are assumed to be isotropic, anisotropic behaviour for wave propagation is induced by the static deformation.
After recalling the basic equations of the non linear elasticity theory (Chapter 1), we first consider general incompressible materials. For such materials, linearly polarized transverse plane waves solutions are obtained for adequate choices of the polarization and propagation directions (Chapter 2). Also, extensions of the classical Mooney-Rivlin and neo-Hookean models are introduced, for which more solutions are obtained. Although we use the full three dimensional elasticity theory, it turns out that all these waves are governed by scalar one-dimensional non linear wave equations. In the case of simple wave solutions of these equations, a remarkable property of the energy flux and energy density is exhibited.
In Chapter 3 and 4, a special model of compressible material is considered: the special Blatz-Ko model, which is a compressible counterpart of the incompressible neo-Hookean model.
In unbounded media (Chapter 3), linearly polarized two-dimensional transverse waves are obtained. Although the theory is non linear, the displacement field of these waves is governed by a linear equation which may be seen as an anisotropic version of the classical two-dimensional wave equation. In particular, solutions analogous to cylindrical waves, but with an "elliptic cylindrical symmetry" are presented. Special solutions representing "damped inhomogeneous plane waves" are also derived: such waves are attenuated both in space and time. Moreover, various appropriate superpositions of solutions are shown to be possible. In each case, the properties of the energy density and the energy flux are investigated. In particular, in the case of superpositions, it is seen that interaction terms enter the expressions for the energy density and the energy flux.
Finally (Chapter 4), an exact finite-amplitude Love wave solution is presented. Here, an half-space, called "substrate", is assumed to be covered by a layer, both made of different prestrained special Blatz-Ko materials. The Love surface wave solution consists of an unattenuated wave motion in the layer and an inhomogeneous plane wave in the substrate, which are combined to satisfy the exact boundary conditions. A dispersion relation is obtained and analysed. General properties of the energy flux and the energy density in the substrate and the layer are exhibited.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hadjar, Yassine. "Etude du couplage optomécanique dans une cavité de grande finesse; observation du mouvement Brownien d'un miroir." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004675.
Full textNous présentons les résultats obtenus dans notre expérience où un faisceau laser est envoyé dans une cavité à une seule entrée-sortie, dont le miroir mobile est déposé sur un résonateur mécanique. Nous avons observé le mouvement Brownien du miroir. Nous avons aussi utilisé un second faisceau modulé en intensité afin d'exciter les modes acoustiques du résonateur. Ceci permet de caractériser la réponse mécanique du résonateur et le couplage entre la lumière et les modes acoustiques. Nous avons enfin démontré l'efficacité de notre dispositif pour la mesure de petits déplacements du miroir. Le plus petit déplacement observable est égale à 2x10^(-19) m/Hz(1/2), en bon accord avec la prédiction théorique.
Robert, Jean-Louis. "Ouvriers et mouvement ouvrier parisiens pendant la Grande Guerre et l'immédiat après-guerre : histoire et anthropologie." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010622.
Full textThe project is based on the connexion of the working class and labour movement's studies; so the strike and the basis' meeting are the first objects for a mediations' analysis. Files (18000 socialists meetings, 789 strikes. . . ) are established with a computer for an anthropological analysis. In a first part, study regards the transformations because of the war, the emphasized fifferenciation of the working class, the social relations and the new practices of the labour movement. The anthropology of militantism lets us to the conclusion that the socialist culture of 1914 is dead. The model of worker, the "sublime", disappears for the metallurgist of the great factory. The second part, chronological, studies the evolution of the parisian workers' national feelings and politic -even revolutionnary- aspirations in spite of a progressive and important growing up of the pacifism, the national feeling is always considerable and it is first caracte- rised by the defense of the ground. On the other hand the "union sacree" is early condamned and the strikes, very important, testify a real class consciousness. In june 1919 a new ideology is even constituted
HADJAR, YASSINE. "Etude du couplage optomecanique dans une cavite de grande finesse ; observation du mouvement brownien d'un miroir." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066512.
Full textSchuster, Romain. "Développement d'une méthode de mesure basée image pour caractériser en grande taille les flux d'air intérieurs." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S046/document.
Full textWhether for reasons of health and safety at work, thermal comfort or energy saving, it is crucial to study them on site to better control them. The objective of this thesis was to develop a method to measure on site, the speed of indoor air flows over large areas of observation (greater than a square meter). To this end, we turned to image-based techniques that consist in following the movement of passive tracers introduced into the air to infer an estimate of its velocity. This kind of method is already widely used in research laboratories to study flows in well-controlled contexts. However, the transition to on-site measurement and wide field of interest requires some adaptations. These adaptations concern, in particular, the choice of new tracers, the lighting system as well as the motion estimation method from image sequences. First, we developed a motion estimation algorithm that allows the estimation of large-scale velocities from particle images and scalar images. We then tested in our wind tunnel, on mixing layer and cylinder wake flows, a large-scale image-based measurement method using only one camera, a LED lighting system, bubbles or smoke tracers as well as the algorithm mentioned above. We compared the obtained measurement with a measurement carried out by hot-wire anemometry. The results of this measurement campaign showed the ability of the method to measure the main characteristics of the considered flows. Finally, we applied the developed method to an on-site measurement of the suction flow of a laboratory fume hood under real operating conditions. This measure has made it possible to highlight areas of high turbulence and recirculation, causing potential leakages
LE, VU OLIVIER. "Etude et modelisation du comportement du beton sous sollicitations de grande amplitude - application au probleme de la penetration dynamique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0002.
Full textFerrant, Pierre. "Radiation d'ondes de gravite par les deplacements de grande amplitude d'un corps immerge : comparaison des approches frequencielle et instationnaire." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2044.
Full textSEGHIOUER, ANOIR. "Application des methodes de perturbations potentiostatiques de grande amplitude a l'evaluation de l'etat de charge des accumulateurs ni-cd." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066324.
Full textMudry, Thierry. "Le mouvement nationaliste dans les Bouches-du-Rhône de l'affaire Boulanger à la grande guerre : 1888-1914." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32031.
Full textThe appearance of the nationalist movement in the bouches-du-rhone has been enhanced by a considerable foreign immigration and by the anxiety of the tradespeople and the professional men in the "departement" faced with "jewish competition". The nationalist movement had its origin in boulangism and reached its peak with the dreyfus affair. It included, as in paris, a strong socialist tendancy but the conservative component, dynastic or catholic, was much more powerful than in paris and took control of the movement from the first years of the twentieth century. The explanation lies in the fact that the bouches-du-rhone had, for a long time, been a land of clerical and royalist tradition to which the higher middle class of marseille and aix-en-provence, partly converted to nationalism, had been faithful. Despite the difference between the two, the nationalist thematics in the bouches-du-rhone mirrored that which developed in the capital: the refusal of liberal democracy and established social order was paralleled by the denunciation of foreign and domestic ennemies which threatened national integrity
TESSIER, JEAN-BERNARD. "Contribution au calcul d'une structure flottante en grands deplacements : application a l'etude d'un catamaran dans une houle de grande amplitude." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2116.
Full textFavro, Patrick. "Les nouveaux mouvements religieux en Grande-Bretagne depuis 1945." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030158.
Full textNew forms of religion have appeared in britain since 1945, when the country started on another phase in its history after the war and for the next 50 years; it then went through many economic, cultural and social changes. This dissertation, written thanks to substantial fieldwork and direct contact with these new religious movements often referred to as "cults", aims at assessing their impact on modern british society. The new age is also examined; it is an amorphous, heterogeneous movement which plays a major role in the religious revival at the end of this millenium and which manifests in virtually all the spheres of human activity. The concept of religion is redefined, so as to better grasp a little known and multifaceted phenomenon, which, in various ways, affects a few hundred thousand people from all walks of life, but mainly women and the middle classes. The structures, the methods and the ideas of these movements are described and analysed in detail, so as to draw some criteria of their success. This phenomenon also triggers resistance from british society. However, religion is breaking free of structures inherited from the past and is enriched with multifarious traditions; faster modern means of transport and communication make for a better circulation of ideas. Sources of authority are increasingly numerous; religion is becoming individualized, and almost a consumable item, as the new age shows. Despite the decline of christianity and the secularization of contemporary society, religion is not dying, but takes on new forms adapted to the modern, pluralistic world
Brochard, Sylvain. "Mesure du mouvement scapulo-huméral chez l'homme : contribution à l’amélioration de la mesure par marqueurs externes." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES3201.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to contribute to the improvement of metrological properties of the scapulo-humeral movement collected by skin markers in an optoelectronic system. The first chapter deals with shoulder movement assessment, Techniques based on the markers placed on the anatomical landmarks of the scapula and acromial method provide an error of 5 to 6°. We have developed an original method based on an acromial approach and a double calibration which allow decreasing the error to 3-4. 5°. The second chapter evaluates the accuracy and repeatability of five functional methods for determining the glenohumeral rotation center. The error is between 11 mm and 17 mm according to the methods. The reproducibility study showed a strong influence of the range of motion and functional method. The third component of our work was to develop and evaluate a method for analyzing the scapulohumeral movement of the healthy and pathological child. The method was repeatable and accurate close to 5° but the exploration of the gleno-humeral joint during movement required the use of another Euler sequence than recommended in the literature (XZY). The final chapter of this thesis discusses the outcome and perspectives in particular, the interests of biomechanical models of the shoulder from custom imaging
Bonneau, Noémie. "Analyse tridimensionnelle du complexe pelvi-fémoral : son fonctionnement et sa mise en place au cours de l'ontogenèse : dimension évolutive et applications cliniques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0011.
Full textAlthough an occasional bipedal gait and posture are observed in numerous primates, humans are characterized by a habitual and permanent use of this locomotor behaviour. Bipedalism results in strong constraints on the human locomotor skeleton, and especially on the coxo-femoral joint which ensures transmission of the forces between trunk and lower limbs. This study specifically addresses questions in physical anthropology, evolutionary biology as well as clinical orthopaedics. Firstly, an important methodological work was conducted in order to propose accurate methods to determine the three-dimensional axes of both the acetabulum and the femoral neck. Three-dimensional analyses of the labrum based on anatomical dissections resulted in an improvement of our morpho-functional understanding of the acetabular region. In parallel, an innovative method, using a three-dimensional model based on successive ellipses, was developed and allows an accurate determination of the three-dimensional axis of the femoral neck. Based on this methodological work, variations of both these three-dimensional axes were quantified on a large sample of modern humans. In order to better understand the nature of these variations, a review of the biomechanical literature was performed, and ontogenetic analyses were conducted. An integrative analysis revealed the unexpected absence of covariation between the three-dimensional orientation of the acetabulum and the orientation of the femoral neck, as well as a poor congruity of the coxo-femoral joint. These results are in accordance with the low level of integration that we have observed between the biomechanical systems governing the three-dimensional orientations of both the acetabulum and the femoral neck. The orientation of the acetabulum is related to the osseous morphology of the pelvic girdle, as suggested by the strong relationships observed between the orientation of the flanges of the triradiate cartilage and the architecture of the trabecular system of the hip bone during growth. In contrast, the orientation of the femoral neck is strongly influenced by muscular activity. We suggest that the low level of integration may partly be due to the phylogenetic history of the hip articulation. To test this hypothesis, comparative analyses were pursued and showed that maximal congruity of the coxo-femoral joint was obtained for the genera Homo, Pan, Gorilla and Pongo in a quadrupedal posture
Ria, Bernard. "Validation d'une méthode d'analyse biomécanique du mouvement en natation." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21503.
Full textMorne, Emmanuelle. "Genèse du mouvement féministe en Grande-Bretagne : de l'éveil des consciences à la naissance d'un militantisme féminin (1832-1903)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0152.
Full textIn the eighteenth century, certain women took their pen and resolved to expose the inequalities they were confronted with as women, within British society. The most famous one is probably Mary Wollstonecraft whose controversial pamphlet entitled : A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was published in 1792. However, this new awareness did not result at least in the eighteenth century, in the emergence of an organized feminist movement. How did feminist consciousnesss gradually give rise to concrete actions, leading to the emergence of an organized feminist movement? In fact, it was only around 1850-1860, within the context of the Industrial Revolution, and its consequences on British society as a whole, that an organized feminist movement gradually took shape in Great-Britain. We should nevertheless bear in mind the problematic nature of the term feminist as applied to this period.The object of this dissertation will be to identify and examine the various stages that led to the emergence of an organized feminist movement, while enhancing some of its specific aspects such as, partnership between men and women or the issue of the links between suffragists and suffragettes in terms of continuity and discontinuity
Tran, Nicolas. "Influence de la condition limite acoustique amont sur les instabilités de combustion de grande amplitude : conception d'un système robuste de contrôle d'impédance." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677071.
Full textTran, Nicolas. "Influence de la condition limite acoustique amont sur les instabilités de combustion de grande amplitude : conception d’un système robuste de contrôle d’impédance." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0013/document.
Full textCombustion instabilities induced by a resonant flame-acoustic coupling are commonly observed in most applications of combustion from gas turbines to domestic or industrial boilers. These oscillations are detrimental by nature, and are still very difficult to predict at the design stage of a combustor. They imply numerous physical phenomena at multiple scales. They mainly result from a resonant coupling between the unsteady combustion and the acoustics of the system. The basic driving and coupling mechanisms have been extensively studied: acoustics in complex geometries and combustion dynamics of turbulent swirled flames are now reasonably well understood. However the effects of the acoustic boundary conditions on the system stability are less well documented, as they are not easy to access or to control in practical systems. They are however of prime importance as they determine the acoustic fluxes at the inlets and outlets of the combustor, as well as the preferential eigenfrequencies of the system. The main objective of this study is to investigate experimentally the influence of the inlet boundary condition of a generic turbulent burner on the observed self-sustained thermoacoustic oscillations. To carry out this investigation, a passive control solution has been developed. An innovative use of perforated panels with bias flow backed by tunable cavities allows to control the acoustic impedance at the inlet of a lean swirled-stabilized staged combustor (CTRL-Z facility). This impedance control system (ICS) has been initially designed and tested in a high load impedance tube. This facility also allowed to develop a robust impedance measurement technique, along with experimental protocols to measure acoustic velocities and fluxes. The acoustic response of perforates in both linear and nonlinear regimes was investigated as function of the plate porosity, bias flow velocity, back-cavity depth and incident pressure wave amplitude and frequency. The transition between the linear regime and the detrimental nonlinear regime has been linked to the perforates geometrical and operational parameters. As a result the ICS enables control of its acoustic reflection coefficient from 1 to 0 in a wide frequency range, 100 to 1000 Hz, for low and large incident pressure amplitudes (from 100 to 150 dB). The ICS, once implemented on the CTRL-Z facility, allowed to passively control the inlet boundary condition of the combustion rig. The impedance measurement technique was successfully used in harsh combustion situations, with high noise levels, to obtain in-situ measurements of the ICS impedance. Spectral analysis of the pressure and heat-release rate fluctuations demonstrated damping of the main self-sustained oscillation by up to 20 dB. A quantitative estimation of the acoustic energy balance was then obtained, highlighting the importance of the inlet acoustic flux. In this configuration, this term is of the same order of magnitude as the driving Rayleigh source term. Finally, an acoustic analysis of the combustion rig was led to determine the nature of the observed combustion instabilities modes and examine conditions required for an effective use of the ICS
Diop, Serigne Falilou. "Validité de critère et fidélité d’une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation basée sur la photographie numérique pour la mesure de l’amplitude articulaire de mouvement de l’épaule chez le travailleur âgé atteint d’une tendinopathie de la coiffe des rotateurs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11424.
Full textMichel, Joël. "Le mouvement ouvrier chez les mineurs d'europe occidentale (grande-bretagne, belgique, france, allemagne) : etude comparative des annees 1880 a 1914." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20023.
Full textFrom the middle of the 19th century to 1914, european coalfields are going through their golden age. After a frontier area, homogeneous communities are stabilizing, whose original characteristics are to be found in every mining area. Thanks to previous experiences and the economic upsurge at the end of the 1880's, mining communities free themselves from employers' pressures and set up strong organisations. The same union pattern is repeated everywhere : mass organisations on a rectrictive trade basis take a central part in community life, supply its needs and play the role of a labour party; they establish links on an international level but keep apart from national working class movements. The local peculiarities carried by the origins of the miners or ideological loyalties, mainly religious ones, tend to enhaunce the mining trade consciousness rather than to prevent organisation. The first part of the study shows how miners' unions are rooted in the economic setting and, above all, the work process and social hierarchical status it conveys, down from the face worker, and examines the relationships between a closely knit social group on a regional basis and the national frame. This kind of trade unionism is strictly determined by the occupational community which produces it, but identifies more and more with the project of a small elite which rules it. The collective biography of this elite and its social program give evidence that the idealistic figure of the "good workman" is not only imposed by the owners and that its values naturally comfort trade consciousness and the building of a stable and efficient machinery. Therefore, mining unions, though strike-prone, deeply rely on pacific means of action. Among the first to practice conciliation, even if the progress of wages tend to a standstill, they get their main success in the legislative field. In the decade before the war, a shift in the owners' attitudes, sociological and technical changes affecting the men, new links with the wider society shatter trade union consciousness and compel organisations to adapt when dissident movements appear
Baillon, Jean-François. "Newtonisme et idéologie dans l'Angleterre des Lumières." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040140.
Full textThe study of both printed sources (rarely studied) and of manuscripts (Isaac Newton's theological writings, Samuel Clarke's and William Whiston's letters) shows the discrepancy between the ideological (i. E. Political and religious) exploitation of Newtonian science and the works of newton. In order to legitimate the settlement of 1688, the commentators of Newtonian physics divested it of any element allowing a radical interpretation in neo-republican or materialistic terms. Besides, this study reveals the properly theological discord between the inner circle of the Newtonians and the Church of England. The second part is about the contents of newton's theological manuscripts and reveals its fundamental notions (idolatry, enthusiasm, fantasy, metaphysics), which describe what religion is not about. The rationalist and protestant aspects of Newton's thought are emphasized, thus allowing a parallel with deist thought, here revisited in order to show its lesser-known aspects. The conclusion emphasizes some key concepts of Newton's theory of religion and of its history, thus relating it, ultimately, with the rise of enlightenment thought in England
Fraysse, François. "Estimation des activités musculaires au cours du mouvement en vue d’applications ergonomiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10338/document.
Full textThis work deals with the use of Digital Human models (DHM) for ergonomic applications. More precisely, it focuses on the modelling of the musculoskeletal system and muscular forces developed during movement.In the first part, the development of numerical musculoskeletal models of the lower and upper limbs under the Matlab environment is presented. These models were evaluated by examination of the muscles’ lever arms (for geometry) and by experimental measurements of maximum voluntary force (MVF) (for predicted muscle forces).In a second part, the lower limb muscular model was used to evaluate the role of biarticular muscles during gait. To achieve this, two methods were used, allowing to highlight the functional specificities of these muscles. The results indicate in particular that taking into account biarticular muscles is necessary to a correct estimation of muscle forces and joint contact forces, which are potential discomfort sources.Finally, the maximal force capacity of isometric elbow flexion-extension has been studied. The goal was to set up scaling methods allowing to fit the muscular model to the studied subject’s capacities. The experiment took place at INRETS, and implicated 9 male voluntary subjects. This study allowed to evaluate the model in terms of maximal force capacity prediction, and openend the path to new scaling methods for musculoskeletal models
Michel, Joël. "Le Mouvement ouvrier chez les mineurs d'Europe occidentale, Grande-Bretagne, Belgique, France, Allemagne étude comparative des années à 1880 à 1914 /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376080260.
Full textBerger, Jean François. "Approche microscopique auto-consistante des processus nucléaires collectifs de grande amplitude à basse énergie : application à la diffusion d'ions lourds et à la fission." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112268.
Full textA theoretical framework and numerical techniques allowing to describe low energy, large amplitude collective phenomena in nuclei from the only data of the nuclear effective interaction is presented. In this method, the collective properties of the system are analyzed with the help of the full Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov theory and different kinds of constraints acting as external fields. The collective dynamics is then deduced from the self-consistent approach in a completely quantum-mechanical formalism based on the Generator Coordinate prescription and the adiabatic approximation. With this procedure, nuclear structure effects, in particular the influence of pairing correlations on the collective dynamics, are incorporated in a completely microscopic and self-constent way. The applications we present use GOGNY’S D1 effective interaction. Due to the very general parametrization of this force – in particular, its finite range – most known nuclear properties, including those associated to pairing, can be reproduced quantitatively. The ¹²C + ¹²C reaction at low energy is first studied. The position of the two first 0⁺ resonances is consistent with experimental data. The analysis of the wave functions shows that these resonances do not arise from a quasi-molecular ¹²C - ¹²C state. Our approach is then applied to the fission of ²⁴⁰Pu. Potential energy surfaces as functions of elongation, left-right asymmetry and necking-in are displayed. The main known characteristics of these surfaces, in particular fission barrier heights appear to be correctly reproduced. An interpretation for the mechanism of scission and for cold fission events is proposed. A dynamical calculation taking into account the variations of the collective inertia confirms this interpretation and shows that the nuclear evolution between saddle and scissions can be described using the adiabatic approximation
Peng, Yue-Jun. "Sur les solutions de grande amplitude de certains systèmes hyperboliques de lois de conservation : applications à la dynamique des gaz et des câbles élastiques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10029.
Full textLuong, Quang-Tuan. "Matrice fondamentale et calibration visuelle sur l'environnement. Vers une plus grande autonomie des système robotiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00549134.
Full textDupont, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude de la durée de vie des assemblages de puissance dans des environnements haute température et avec des cycles thermiques de grande amplitude." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091782.
Full textLa première partie de cette étude présente les caractérisations électriques de composants à semi-conducteur, afin de justifier le choix des diodes Schottky SiC et de transistor CoolMOS Si pour une utilisation à haute température. Ces composants sont alors intégrés dans un véhicule de test (module de puissance) adaptée à une localisation sur le réacteur. L'objectif est d'évaluer les performances électriques des éléments actifs à haute température, et la technologie d'assemblage par brasure des substrats céramiques sur une semelle AlSiC. En complément d'une campagne expérimentale, s'appuyant sur un cyclage thermique de grande amplitude, une évaluation numérique des sollicitations dans l'assemblage permettra de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de défaillances et les moyens permettant d'augmenter la durée de vie des modules de puissance dans ces conditions d'utilisation.
Afin de trouver des solutions d'intégration et de chercher à améliorer la durée de vie des assemblages, la dernière partie de cette étude présente les résultats expérimentaux, dans des conditions tout aussi sévères, pour de nouveaux véhicules de test, sans élément actif, composés de substrats céramiques de technologie différente. Les produits testés comportent des céramique AlN et Al2O3 dont les métallisations, avec ou sans dimples, présentent des géométries différentes. Nous évaluerons également, des substrats de technologie AMB avec des solutions DAB et Si3N4. Finalement, une nouvelle étude numérique est réalisée sous ANSYS dans le but d'estimer l'influence ce des substrats céramiques sur la durée de vie de l'assemblage. Finalement, nous tenterons de proposer des règles de conception permettant d'augmenter la durée de vie des assemblages de puissance.