Academic literature on the topic 'Movement abc-2'

Es werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (Movement ABC-2) zur Einschätzung motorischer Leistungsdefizite bei adipösen Jugendlichen im Alter von 11;0–16;11 Jahren untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 84 Jugendliche, die zur Behandlung einer Adipositas (BMI > 97. Perzentile) einer Rehabilitationsmaßnahme zugeführt wurden, mit der Movement ABC-2 getestet. Die Testergebnisse werden mit den Leistungen einer alters- und geschlechtsparallelisierten Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Im Gesamtgruppenvergleich wurden für alle drei motorischen Dimensionen (Handgeschicklichkeit, Ballfertigkeiten, Balance), die mittels der Movement ABC-2 erfasst werden, signifikante Leistungsunterschiede nachgewiesen. Knapp ein Drittel der adipösen Jugendlichen weist dabei Defizite auf, die als kritisch oder therapiebedürftig klassifiziert werden. Der Einsatz der Movement ABC-2 erweist sich als geeignet, um routinemäßig zu Beginn einer Behandlung zuverlässig und zeitökonomisch motorisch-koordinative Defizite adipöser Jugendlicher aufzudecken.

The aim of this study was to investigate the convergent validity of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales – 2 (PDMS-2). Thirty-one 4- and 5-year-old children (mean age 4 years 11 months, SD 6 months), all recruited from a clinical setting, took part in the study. Children were tested on the M-ABC and the PDMS-2 in a counterbalanced order on the same occasion. The results showed that the total scores on the two tests correlated well (rs = .76). However, when the ability of the two tests to identify children with difficulties was examined, agreement between them was low (K = .29), with the PDMS-2 being less sensitive to mild motor impairment in this population. Taken together, these findings suggest that clinicians need to be aware that, although measuring a similar construct, these tests are not interchangeable.

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) in children with visual impairments (VI). Seventy-five children aged between 6 and 12 years with VI completed the TGMD-2 and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). The internal consistency of the TGMD-2 was found to be high (alpha = 0.71−0.72) and the interrater, intrarater, and test-retest reliability acceptable (ICCs ranging from 0.82 to 0.95). The results of the factor analysis supported internal test structure and significant age and sex effects were observed. Finally, the scores on the object control subtest of the TGMD-2 and the ball skills subtest of the Movement ABC correlated moderately to high (r = 0.45 to r = 0.80). Based on the current results, it is concluded that the TGMD-2 is an appropriate tool to assess the gross motor skills of primary-school-age children with VI.

Koordinationsstörungen bleiben oft lange unerkannt. Sie fallenmanchmal erst auf, wenn die Kinder in der Schule schreiben lernen. Um Koordinationsstörungenfrüher zu erkennen, bietet sich die unter deutschen Physiotherapeuten nochwenig bekannte adaptierte Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (M-ABC-2) an.Die deutschsprachige Version bietet aktuelle Normwerte für die Bundesrepublik.

Children with hearing deficits frequently have delayed motor development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). Thirty-three children with bilateral severe/profound hearing impairment between 4 and 7 years of age were recruited from a three-state area. Approximately half of the sample had one or bilateral cochlear implants, one used bilateral hearing aids, and the rest used no amplification. Parents reported whether the hearing impairment was diagnosed within the first year or after 2 years of age. No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and its correlation to cognition and self-experienced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children born very preterm.DesignProspective follow-up study.SettingRegional population of children born very preterm in Turku University Hospital, Finland, in 2001–2006.PatientsA total of 170 children born very preterm were followed up until 11 years of age.Main outcome measuresMotor and cognitive outcomes were evaluated using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (Movement ABC-2) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition, respectively, and HRQoL using the 17-Dimensional Illustrated Questionnaire (17D). The Touwen neurological examination was performed to exclude other neurological conditions affecting the motor outcome.ResultsEighteen children born very preterm (17 boys) (11.3%) had DCD, defined as Movement ABC-2 total test score ≤5th percentile. A positive correlation between motor and cognitive outcome (r=0.22, p=0.006) was found. Children born very preterm with DCD had lower cognitive scores than those without DCD (Full-Scale IQ mean 76.8 vs 91.6, p=0.001). Moreover, children born very preterm with DCD reported lower HRQoL than children born very preterm without motor impairment (17D mean 0.93 vs 0.96, p=0.03). However, HRQoL was higher in this group of children born very preterm compared with population-based normative test results (p<0.001).ConclusionsDCD was still common at 11 years of age in children born very preterm in 2000s. DCD associated with adverse cognitive development and lower self-experienced HRQoL. However, this group of children born very preterm reported better HRQoL in comparison with Finnish norms.

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The battery assessment for motor evaluation, Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2), composed of motor tests and a questionnaire (MABC-2 Checklist), has been used and tested in various nationalities to identify children with motor problems. However, due to cultural differences between the country of origin of the protocol (United Kingdom) and some cultures where the protocol was used (Australia, Spain and Japan), it was noticed the need for further studies and adaptations in some parts of the test for use in those countries. This study aimed to validate part of the MABC-2, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition - Checklist to Portuguese language. We performed the translation of the instrument into Brazilian Portuguese by a standard procedure of translation, back translation and judgment by a committee of experts, composed by four teachers and seven doctors. The experts examined the original and translated to check consistency between the versions and suggest modifications. Adaptations were made in consensus with the committee of experts, defined a Pre-Final version, which was then tested. The instrument was answered by 40 children's responsible and 16 teachers (14 regents and two Physical Education teachers). The children's responsible also answered the DCDQ-BR questionnaire. Were evaluated with the motor tests of the instrument MABC-2, 98 school children aged between 7 and 10 years, of both sexes. The final version of the instrument MABC-2 Checklist presented a high level of internal consistency with alpha equal to 0.953, a result pointed out as being excellent. Although the instrument has been presented valid, it did not show a high degree of trust in inter-rater reliability test, showing a statistically significant difference between groups (810.145, p = 0.000). When construct and concurrent validity was tested, it was demonstrated a statistically significant difference between MABC-2 motor tests, Checklist and DQDQ BR, being (F (2.177) = 810.145, p = 0.000). The post-hoc Tukey test revealed a significant difference between the motor evaluation tests of MABC-2, DCDQ-BR questionnaire and MABC-2 Checklist completed by children's responsible and teachers, these being (p = 0.000) for all cases. Using data obtained in this study, we can conclude that the translation of the instrument is valid, but the diagnosis was made through the instrument MABC-2 Checklist showed no accuracy when trying to identify children with motor problems. It is suggested that future studies consider to develop a national and / or regional reference tables, and also consider different tables for responsible, teachers and other groups that may answer the instrument.
A bateria de testes de avaliação motora Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2), composta por testes motores e um questionário (MABC-2 Checklist), tem sido usada e testada em diversas nacionalidades para identificar crianças com problemas motores. Porém, em virtude de diferenças culturais entre o país de origem do protocolo (Reino Unido) e algumas culturas onde o protocolo foi utilizado (Austrália, Espanha e Japão), percebeu-se a necessidade de mais estudos e de adequações em algumas partes do teste para o uso nestes países. O presente estudo teve como proposta validar parte do MABC-2; o Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition Checklist para a língua portuguesa. Foi realizada a tradução do instrumento para o português brasileiro através de um procedimento padrão de tradução, retrotradução e julgamento dessas por um comitê de especialistas composto por 4 mestres e 7 doutores. O grupo de especialistas examinou a versão original e traduzida para verificar a concordância entre as versões e sugerir modificações. Foram feitas adaptações em consenso com o comitê de especialistas, sendo definido uma versão Pré-Final; que em seguida foi testada. Responderam ao instrumento, 40 responsáveis e 16 professores (14 regentes e 2 de Educação Física). Os responsáveis também responderam o questionário DCDQ-BR. Foram avaliados com os testes motores do instrumento MABC-2, 98 escolares com idades entre 7 e 10 anos, de ambos os sexos. A versão final do instrumento MABC-2 Checklist apresentou elevado índice de consistência interna com Alfa igual a 0,953; resultado apontado como sendo excelente. Embora o instrumento tenha se apresentado válido, ele não apresentou um alto grau de fidedignidade no teste de fidedignidade entre avaliadores, evidenciando uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (810,145, p=0,000). Quando posto à prova as validades de constructo e concorrente, ficou evidenciada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os testes MABC-2 motor, Checklist e DQDQ-BR sendo (F(2,177) = 810,145, p=0,000). O teste post-hoc Tukey revelou que houve diferença significativa entre os testes de avaliação motora do MABC-2, o questionário DCDQ-BR e o MABC-2 Checklist respondido por responsáveis e professores, sendo estes (p=0,000) para todos os casos. Através dos dados obtidos neste estudo, pode-se concluir que a tradução do instrumento é válida, porém o diagnóstico realizado através do instrumento MABC-2 Checklist não apresentou exatidão ao tentar identificar crianças com problemas motores. Sugere-se que em estudos futuros seja considerado o desenvolvimento de tabelas de referência nacional e/ou regional para o instrumento; bem como tabelas de referência diferenciada para responsáveis, professores e demais grupos que venham responder o instrumento.

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è stato effettuare una valutazione preliminare sull'utilizzabilità dei sensori inerziali per la valutazione del movimento fine durante attività di coordinazione manuale. Lo scopo finale è valutare la possibilità di utilizzare parametri quantitativi utilizzati in analisi del movimento per la caratterizzazione della performance dell’arto superiore durante compiti che richiedono abilità grafo-motorie. A questo scopo sono stati selezionati alcuni test che potessero fornire un quadro completo delle funzioni grafo-motorie tra quelli maggiormente utilizzati nella pratica clinica: il test DGMP (per la valutazione del livello di automatizzazione di qualità e di apprendimento della scrittura in corsivo) e i test Cycle Trail e Flower Trail, scelti fra la batteria di Test Movement ABC-2 (per la valutazione di destrezza manuale). Hanno preso parte allo studio undici soggetti adulti giovani sani e quattro bambini con sviluppo tipico. Dopo aver posizionato i sensori inerziali sui polsi è stato richiesto ai soggetti di svolgere i test sopraelencati in diverse condizioni: "migliore" e "veloce", "lenta" e "veloce", mano destra e mano sinistra. Sono stati applicati gli indici (RMS accelerazione, RMS Jerk, MIJerk, IJerk, MSE) al segnale di accelerazione dell’arto che eseguiva l’esercizio ed è stato valutato se gli indici analizzati fossero in grado di distinguere diverse condizioni di esecuzione. Da questo studio preliminare, i parametri utilizzati (RMS accelerazione, RMS Jerk, MIJerk, IJerk, MSE) hanno mostrato una specificità sufficiente nel distinguere le diverse condizione analizzate, supportando quindi sviluppi futuri per l’applicazione dei sensori inerziali per la valutazione oggettiva della coordinazione fine durante attività grafo-motorie.

碩士
國立成功大學
物理治療研究所
97
Background and Purposes: Children with functional articulation disorders (FAD) are characterized with articulation and sound production deficits. Articulation and sound production depends on activation and coordination of many muscles and vocal structures. It could be considered as one type of motor coordination tasks. Inconclusive results were noted in the literature regarding if children with functional articulation disorders (FAD) have deficits in the motor coordination performance of other parts of body. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition (BOT-2) and Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) are two mostly frequently used assessment tools of motor performance in researches and clinical practices. Whether the scores of these two tests are correlated is seldom examined. The purposes of this study were to answer the questions 1) if children with FAD also had other body parts motor coordination deficit; 2) if the scores of BOT-2 and M-ABC were correlated. Methods: Thirty children with FAD referred from NCKUH (5.40 ± 0.90 years old), and age- and gender-matched typically-developing children recruited from local community participated in the study. Each child first received cognitive assessments (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, PPVT-R and Test of Nonverbal Intelligence 3rd edition, TONI-3) to exclude the possible conditions of insufficient mental ability, and then received motor assessments with BOT-2 and M-ABC in a counterbalanced order. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test were adopted for comparison of motor performance between groups. Results: The overall motor performance (total score) was not significantly different between the groups. However, children with FAD had significant lower scores in Fine manual control category of BOT-2 (FAD: 59.60 ± 9.16 vs. TD: 64.93 ± 8.77, p = .026), fine motor precision subtest of BOT-2 (FAD: 18.53 ± 4.22 vs. TD: 21.70 ± 5.09, p = 0.11) and ball skills subtest of M-ABC (Z = -2.256, p = .021). The correlations of the scores of two motor tests and their subtests were fair to good (r = -.264 ~ -.645 ) . Conclusion: Children with FAD present similar overall motor performance except of lower scores of fine motor precision and ball skills. The correlations of scores of two motor tests are only fair to good. Clinical Relevance: Clinical therapists should be cautious that children with FAD may have a comorbid motor problem, especially the fine motor precision and ball skills. Only fair to good correlations of scores of the two most commonly used clinical tests indicates that it should be cautious when choosing a motor test for certain purpose.

The focus of Chapter 2 is a letter written by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi to al-Qaida leaders and intercepted by coalition forces on 23 January 2004. It reveals more than just the predatory operational and strategic rationale behind the violent campaign of Tawhid wal-Jihad in Iraq. It offers vital insights into the strategic thinkers in its ranks who clearly understood the importance of soberly assessing their own capabilities and those of their adversaries while identifying opportunities ripe for exploitation via words and violent actions. While the letter’s contents likely reflect the collective wisdom of Zarqawi’s inner circle, it offers a glimpse into his mind as field commander and aspiring commander-in-chief. Within three years of writing this letter, Zarqawi would be dead, but not before he became an iconic figure of the global jihad, turned Iraq into a sectarian killing field and established a movement that would champion his legacy.

Acoustic methods belong to contactless measurement means, possess high spatial and time resolution. Thus, the use of multifrequency allows directly profile both concentration and granulometric structure of the suspended substances. In 2008 in the Big Wave Flume (Hanover, Germany) by efforts of the Russian and German scientists there have been carried out the experiment on studying the bottom material suspension laws under the influence of irregular waves. The Aquascat 1000 acoustic back scattering sensor (ABS) manufactured by British company Aquatec (www.aquatecsubsea.com), equipped by a three-frequency transmitter with frequencies 1,0, 2,0 and 3,84 MHz, has been set on distance of 0,75 m from the bottom and 111 m from wave generator at the total depth of 3,2 m. Several dozen series of measurements at various parameters of surface waves have been carried out. The general picture of suspension is so that the external dynamic influence (currents, wave movements, turbulence, gravitation forces) creates a non-uniform field (gradient) of the suspended particles and in most cases due to this the average size of particles undergoes to the spatial-time variations. For this reason while defining the mass concentration of suspended sediment, using the single frequency transmitter there is necessity for numerous definition of the suspension granulometric structure what by isn’t always possible. If two and more frequencies are used the observed results comparison can give the information on average diameters of particles and on that basis the calculation of suspended sediment concentration is possibleLet's emphasize the basic advantages of back scattering acoustic gauges usage: – Obtaining the particles sizes and concentration distribution profiles is possible; – The initial granulometric structure of bottom sediments can be unknown (at use of several frequencies). The following can be referred to some lacks of the device: – The system should be calibrated in laboratory conditions; – In a positive feedback conditions the iterative computing process can converge to zero or to infinity. In this case experiments with a variation of carrier frequencies chosen for the analysis allow partially solve the problem (say experiments with different frequencies pairs, as 2/1 of MHz or 4/2 MHz).

Pipelines can be exposed at water crossings where rivers lower the channel bed. Channel bed scour may cause damage to linear infrastructure such as pipelines by exposing the pipe to the flow of water and sediment. Accurate estimation of depth of scour is therefore critical in limiting damage to infrastructure. Channel bed scour has three main components: (1) general scour, (2) bed degradation, and (3) pool depth. General scour is the temporary lowering of the channel bed during a flood event. Channel bed degradation is the systematic lowering of a channel bed over time. Pool depth is depth of pools below the general bed elevation and includes the relocation of pools that result from river dynamics. Channel degradation is assessed in the field using indicators of channel incision such as channel bed armoring and bank characteristics, through the analysis of long profiles and sediment transport modelling. Pool depth is assessed using long profiles and channel movement over time. The catastrophic nature of bed lowering due to general scour requires a different assessment. A design depth of cover is based on analysis of depth of scour for a given return period (eg. 100-years). There are three main steps to predict general scour: (1) regional flood frequency analysis, (2) estimation of hydraulic variables, and (3) scour depth modelling. Typically, four scour models are employed: Lacey (1930), Blench (1969), Neill (1973), and Zeller (1981), with the average or maximum value used for design depth. We provide herein case studies for potential scour for pipeline water crossings at the Little Smoky River and Joachim Creek, AB. Using the four models above, and an analysis of channel degradation and pool depth, the recommended minimum depth of cover of 0.75 m and 0.142 m, respectively, were prescribed. Variability between scour models is large. The general scour model results varied from 0.45 m and 0.75 m for the Little Smoky River and 0.16 m to 0.51 m for Joachim Creek. While these models are more than 30 years old and do not adequately account for factors such as sediment mobility, they nevertheless do provide usable answers and should form part of the usual toolbox in water crossing scour calculations.

Blood pressure is an indicator of a cardiovascular functioning and could provide early symptoms of cardiovascular system impairment. Blood pressure measurement using catheterization technique is considered the gold standard for blood pressure measurement [1]. However, due its invasive nature and complexity, non-invasive techniques of blood pressure estimation such as auscultation, oscillometry, and volume clamping have gained wide popularity [1]. While these non-invasive cuff based methodologies provide a good estimate of blood pressure, they are limited by their inability to provide a continuous estimate of blood pressure [1–2]. Continuous blood pressure estimate is critical for monitoring cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. Pulse transit time (PTT) is a time taken by a pulse wave to travel between a proximal and distal arterial site [3]. The speed at which pulse wave travels in the artery has been found to be proportional to blood pressure [1, 3]. A rise in blood pressure would cause blood vessels to increase in diameter resulting in a stiffer arterial wall and shorter PTT [1–3]. To avail such relationship with blood pressure, PTT has been extensively used as a marker of arterial elasticity and a non-invasive surrogate for arterial blood pressure estimation. Typically, a combination of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) or arterial blood pressure (ABP) signal is used for the purpose of blood pressure estimation [3], where the proximal and distal timing of PTT (also referred as pulse arrival time, PAT) is marked by R peak of ECG and a foot/peak of a PPG, respectively. In the literature, it has been shown that PAT derived using ECG-PPG combination infers an inaccurate estimate of blood pressure due to the inclusion of isovolumetric contraction period [1–3, 4]. Seismocardiogram (SCG) is a recording of chest acceleration due to heart movement, from which the opening and closing of the aortic valve can be obtained [5]. There is a distinct point on the dorso-ventral SCG signal that marks the opening of the aortic valve (annotated as AO). In the literature, AO has been proposed for timing the onset of the proximal pulse of the wave [6–8]. A combination of AO as a proximal pulse and PPG as a distal pulse has been used to derive pulse transit time and is shown to be correlated with blood pressure [7]. Ballistocardiogram (BCG) which is a measure of recoil forces of a human body in response to pumping of blood in blood vessels has also been explored as an alternative to ECG for timing proximal pulse [5, 9]. Use of SCG or BCG for timing the proximal point of a pulse can overcome the limitation of ECG-based PTT computation [6–7, 9]. However, a limitation of current blood pressure estimation systems is the requirement of two morphologically different signals, one for annotating the proximal (ECG, SCG, BCG) and other for annotating the distal (PPG, ABP) timing of a pulse wave. In the current research, we introduce a methodology to derive PTT from seismocardiograms alone. Two accelerometers were used for such purpose, one was placed on the xiphoid process of the sternum (marks proximal timing) and the other one was placed on the external carotid artery (marks distal timing). PTT was derived as a time taken by a pulse wave to travel between AO of both the xiphoidal and carotid SCG.