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Kastner, Julia, Hermann Mayer, Alexandra Walther, and Franz Petermann. "Motorisch-koordinative Leistungs- fähigkeit adipöser Jugendlicher." Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie 58, no. 3 (January 2010): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.a000031.
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Es werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (Movement ABC-2) zur Einschätzung motorischer Leistungsdefizite bei adipösen Jugendlichen im Alter von 11;0–16;11 Jahren untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 84 Jugendliche, die zur Behandlung einer Adipositas (BMI > 97. Perzentile) einer Rehabilitationsmaßnahme zugeführt wurden, mit der Movement ABC-2 getestet. Die Testergebnisse werden mit den Leistungen einer alters- und geschlechtsparallelisierten Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Im Gesamtgruppenvergleich wurden für alle drei motorischen Dimensionen (Handgeschicklichkeit, Ballfertigkeiten, Balance), die mittels der Movement ABC-2 erfasst werden, signifikante Leistungsunterschiede nachgewiesen. Knapp ein Drittel der adipösen Jugendlichen weist dabei Defizite auf, die als kritisch oder therapiebedürftig klassifiziert werden. Der Einsatz der Movement ABC-2 erweist sich als geeignet, um routinemäßig zu Beginn einer Behandlung zuverlässig und zeitökonomisch motorisch-koordinative Defizite adipöser Jugendlicher aufzudecken.
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Van Waelvelde, Hilde, Wim Peersman, Mattieu Lenoir, and Bouwien C. M. Smits Engelsman. "Convergent Validity between Two Motor Tests: Movement-ABC and PDMS-2." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 24, no. 1 (January 2007): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.24.1.59.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the convergent validity of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales – 2 (PDMS-2). Thirty-one 4- and 5-year-old children (mean age 4 years 11 months, SD 6 months), all recruited from a clinical setting, took part in the study. Children were tested on the M-ABC and the PDMS-2 in a counterbalanced order on the same occasion. The results showed that the total scores on the two tests correlated well (rs = .76). However, when the ability of the two tests to identify children with difficulties was examined, agreement between them was low (K = .29), with the PDMS-2 being less sensitive to mild motor impairment in this population. Taken together, these findings suggest that clinicians need to be aware that, although measuring a similar construct, these tests are not interchangeable.
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Jary, Sally. "Motor impairment in children born preterm: assessment with the Movement ABC-2." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 59, no. 5 (January 13, 2017): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13388.
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Houwen, Suzanne, Esther Hartman, Laura Jonker, and Chris Visscher. "Reliability and Validity of the TGMD-2 in Primary-School-Age Children With Visual Impairments." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 27, no. 2 (April 2010): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.27.2.143.
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This study examines the psychometric properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) in children with visual impairments (VI). Seventy-five children aged between 6 and 12 years with VI completed the TGMD-2 and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). The internal consistency of the TGMD-2 was found to be high (alpha = 0.71−0.72) and the interrater, intrarater, and test-retest reliability acceptable (ICCs ranging from 0.82 to 0.95). The results of the factor analysis supported internal test structure and significant age and sex effects were observed. Finally, the scores on the object control subtest of the TGMD-2 and the ball skills subtest of the Movement ABC correlated moderately to high (r = 0.45 to r = 0.80). Based on the current results, it is concluded that the TGMD-2 is an appropriate tool to assess the gross motor skills of primary-school-age children with VI.
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Kakebeeke, Tanja H., Elisa Knaier, Sabrina Köchli, Aziz Chaouch, Valentin Rousson, Susi Kriemler, and Oskar G. Jenni. "Comparison between the Movement ABC-2 and the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment in Preschool Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 123, no. 3 (October 2, 2016): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512516664991.
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Petermann, Franz, and Julia Kastner. "Motoriktest für 3- bis 16-Jährige." physiopraxis 7, no. 03 (March 2009): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1308270.
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Koordinationsstörungen bleiben oft lange unerkannt. Sie fallenmanchmal erst auf, wenn die Kinder in der Schule schreiben lernen. Um Koordinationsstörungenfrüher zu erkennen, bietet sich die unter deutschen Physiotherapeuten nochwenig bekannte adaptierte Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (M-ABC-2) an.Die deutschsprachige Version bietet aktuelle Normwerte für die Bundesrepublik.
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Shall, Mary S. "The Importance of Saccular Function to Motor Development in Children with Hearing Impairments." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/972565.
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Children with hearing deficits frequently have delayed motor development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). Thirty-three children with bilateral severe/profound hearing impairment between 4 and 7 years of age were recruited from a three-state area. Approximately half of the sample had one or bilateral cochlear implants, one used bilateral hearing aids, and the rest used no amplification. Parents reported whether the hearing impairment was diagnosed within the first year or after 2 years of age. No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC.
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Schulz, Joerg, Sheila E. Henderson, David A. Sugden, and Anna L. Barnett. "Structural validity of the Movement ABC-2 test: Factor structure comparisons across three age groups." Research in Developmental Disabilities 32, no. 4 (July 2011): 1361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.032.
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Ke, Li, Wenchong Du, Yun Wang, Wen Duan, Jing Hua, and Anna L. Barnett. "The Movement ABC-2 Test in China: Comparison with UK norms for 3–10 year olds." Research in Developmental Disabilities 105 (October 2020): 103742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103742.
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Uusitalo, Karoliina, Leena Haataja, Anna Nyman, Liisi Ripatti, Mira Huhtala, Päivi Rautava, Liisa Lehtonen, et al. "Preterm children’s developmental coordination disorder, cognition and quality of life: a prospective cohort study." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (April 2020): e000633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000633.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and its correlation to cognition and self-experienced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children born very preterm.DesignProspective follow-up study.SettingRegional population of children born very preterm in Turku University Hospital, Finland, in 2001–2006.PatientsA total of 170 children born very preterm were followed up until 11 years of age.Main outcome measuresMotor and cognitive outcomes were evaluated using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (Movement ABC-2) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition, respectively, and HRQoL using the 17-Dimensional Illustrated Questionnaire (17D). The Touwen neurological examination was performed to exclude other neurological conditions affecting the motor outcome.ResultsEighteen children born very preterm (17 boys) (11.3%) had DCD, defined as Movement ABC-2 total test score ≤5th percentile. A positive correlation between motor and cognitive outcome (r=0.22, p=0.006) was found. Children born very preterm with DCD had lower cognitive scores than those without DCD (Full-Scale IQ mean 76.8 vs 91.6, p=0.001). Moreover, children born very preterm with DCD reported lower HRQoL than children born very preterm without motor impairment (17D mean 0.93 vs 0.96, p=0.03). However, HRQoL was higher in this group of children born very preterm compared with population-based normative test results (p<0.001).ConclusionsDCD was still common at 11 years of age in children born very preterm in 2000s. DCD associated with adverse cognitive development and lower self-experienced HRQoL. However, this group of children born very preterm reported better HRQoL in comparison with Finnish norms.
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Faught, Brent E., Stephen Demetriades, John Hay, and John Cairney. "Does relative body fat influence the Movement ABC-2 assessment in children with and without developmental coordination disorder?" Research in Developmental Disabilities 34, no. 12 (December 2013): 4433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.016.
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Kakebeeke, Tanja H., Kristin Egloff, Jon Caflisch, Aziz Chaouch, Valentin Rousson, Remo H. Largo, and Oskar G. Jenni. "Similarities and dissimilarities between the Movement ABC-2 and the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment in children with suspected developmental coordination disorder." Research in Developmental Disabilities 35, no. 11 (November 2014): 3148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.062.
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Rasmussen, Annett Helleskov, Sonja Wehberg, Fani Pørtner, Anna-Marie Larsen, Karen Filipsen, and Henrik Thybo Christesen. "Neurodevelopmental outcomes after moderate to severe neonatal hypoglycemia." European Journal of Pediatrics 179, no. 12 (July 14, 2020): 1981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03729-x.
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AbstractThe long-term consequences of transient neonatal hypoglycemia are sparsely studied. We performed a follow-up of a cohort of neonates with blood glucose recordings < 1.7 mmol/L (< 30 mg/dL), treated with > 2.5 mmol/L (> 45 mg/dL), compared with healthy siblings. Exclusion criteria were gestational age < 35 weeks, severe asphyxia, head injury, and other cerebral diseases. In 71 children with neonatal hypoglycemia and 32 control siblings, Wechsler IV cognitive test, Movement ABC-2 test, and Child Behavior Checklist were performed at mean age 7.75 and 9.17 years, respectively. No significant changes were detected for cognitive function by using Wechsler IV or for behavior by using Child Behavior Checklist. In univariate analysis, the hypoglycemia group had lower age-adjusted fine motor scores by using the Movement ABC-2 test compared with control siblings, 42.6 ± 31.2 vs. 57.2 ± 30.8 percentile (p = 0.03). In the sibling-paired analysis, the decrease in total motor score was highly significant, p = 0.009, driven by a decrease in fine motor score, p = 0.008. In the hypoglycemia group, adjusted analysis showed a lower fine motor function for boys, β = − 16.4, p = 0.048.Conclusion: Neonatal hypoglycemia treated with > 2.5 mmol/L was associated with lower fine motor scores within the normal range, particularly in boys. No associations with cognitive function or behavior were detected. What is Known:• Transient neonatal hypoglycemia is associated with acute neurologic dysfunction and long-term neurodevelopment impairment in 18 months of age. What is New:• Neonatal hypoglycemia treated with > 2.5 mmol/L is associated with lower fine motor function within the normal range, particularly in boys, but not to changes in cognitive function or behavior.
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De Kegel, Alexandra, Tina Baetens, Wim Peersman, Leen Maes, Ingeborg Dhooge, and Hilde Van Waelvelde. "Ghent Developmental Balance Test: A New Tool to Evaluate Balance Performance in Toddlers and Preschool Children." Physical Therapy 92, no. 6 (March 1, 2012): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110265.
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Background Balance is a fundamental component of movement. Early identification of balance problems is important to plan early intervention. The Ghent Developmental Balance Test (GDBT) is a new assessment tool designed to monitor balance from the initiation of independent walking to 5 years of age. Objective The purpose of this study was to establish the psychometric characteristics of the GDBT. Methods To evaluate test-retest reliability, 144 children were tested twice on the GDBT by the same examiner, and to evaluate interrater reliability, videotaped GDBT sessions of 22 children were rated by 3 different raters. To evaluate the known-group validity of GDBT scores, z scores on the GDBT were compared between a clinical group (n=20) and a matched control group (n=20). Concurrent validity of GDBT scores with the subscale standardized scores of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition (M-ABC-2), the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–Second Edition (PDMS-2), and the balance subscale of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test–Second Edition (BOT-2) was evaluated in a combined group of the 20 children from the clinical group and 74 children who were developing typically. Results Test-retest and interrater reliability were excellent for the GDBT total scores, with intraclass correlation coefficients of .99 and .98, standard error of measurement values of 0.21 and 0.78, and small minimal detectable differences of 0.58 and 2.08, respectively. The GDBT was able to distinguish between the clinical group and the control group (t38=5.456, P<.001). Pearson correlations between the z scores on GDBT and the standardized scores of specific balance subscales of the M-ABC-2, PDMS-2, and BOT-2 were moderate to high, whereas correlations with subscales measuring constructs other than balance were low. Conclusions The GDBT is a reliable and valid clinical assessment tool for the evaluation of balance in toddlers and preschool-aged children.
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Zoia, Stefania, Marina Biancotto, Marco Guicciardi, Romina Lecis, Fabio Lucidi, Giovanna M. Pelamatti, Marco Carrozzi, et al. "An evaluation of the Movement ABC-2 Test for use in Italy: A comparison of data from Italy and the UK." Research in Developmental Disabilities 84 (January 2019): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.04.013.
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Yue, J., J. Yu, S. LI, Y. Yin, T. Liu, J. Zhu, and J. Lu. "PhaseI/II clinical trial of dose escalation using daily on-line cone beam CT guided radiotherapy combined with active breath control after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e15654-e15654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15654.
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e15654 Background: The radiation dose is the key factor to improve survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimal way to increase radiation dose is to reduce uncertainties of target mainly due to respiratory motion and setup error in radiotherapy. Our previous study demonstrated that lipiodol can be a reliable surrogate of direct tumor targeting in Kv- cone beam CT(CBCT) for patients with good lipiodol embolization. Relying on lipiodol,the daily on-line CBCT guidance with ABC is feasible. By reducing geometric position uncertainty, as well as liver movement, the technique of ABC combined with on-line CBCT guidance can permit CTV(clinical target volume)-PTV(planning target volume) margin reduction and dose escalation. The purpose of the study is to apply the new technique for clinical application and investigate the dose escalation, toxicities and response of liver tumors with the technique combined with chemoembolization(TACE). Methods: 20 HCC patients with Child-Pugh A liver function score were treated by daily on-line CBCT guided radiotherapy relying on lipiodol combined with ABC after TACE. After current doses of 45Gy/ 9 fractions,3 fractions/weeks were delivered,the scheduled dose escalation ranged from 5 to 20Gy. Each mean liver dose not reached 23G y, V30 ( the percentage of normal liver volume with radiation dose≥30 Gy) less than 28%. Results: The planned dose escalation was finished in all subgroups. None of these patients developed Grade 2 or greater liver toxicity except two patients developed Grade 2 gastrointestinal complications and one had grade 1 acute liver toxicity.The overall immediate tumor response rate was 76.3%. 1-year overall survival rate was 80.5%. Conclusions: The technique of daily on-line CBCT guided radiotherapy combined with ABC after TACE is a safe and effective treatment which can reduce CTV-PTV margin significantly and increase target precision greatly. With the technique combined with TACE, the total irradiation dose above 65Gy is feasible in daily fraction of 5Gy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Getchell, Nancy, Ling-Yin Liang, Daphne Golden, and Samuel W. Logan. "The Effect of Auditory Pacing on Period Stability and Temporal Consistency in Children With and Without Dyslexia Co-Existing Motor Dysfunction." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 31, no. 1 (January 2014): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2013-0023.
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The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of auditory pacing on period stability and temporal consistency of a dual motor task in children with and without dyslexia and with varying amounts of motor deficiency. Fifty-four children were divided into groups based on dyslexia diagnosis and score on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (Movement ABC-2). Participants performed a dual motor task (clapping while walking) at a self-determined pace in a pretest block, practiced 4 blocks of 4 trials with a metronome pacing signal, and finished with a posttest block without auditory pacing. Measures of period stability (interclap/interheel strike intervals across trial blocks) and temporal consistency (coefficient of variation of period with trials) were taken. The results suggest that auditory pacing may improve period stability across groups, but does not appear to impact temporal consistency. Weak support existed for a general impairment of motor function in children diagnosed with dyslexia.
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Herdman, Susan J., Courtney D. Hall, and Lisa Heusel-Gillig. "Factors Associated With Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients With Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: A Prospective Cohort Study." Physical Therapy 100, no. 11 (July 31, 2020): 2009–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa138.
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Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with rehabilitation outcomes following vestibular rehabilitation (VR). Methods In this prospective cohort study, 116 patients who completed at least 2 supervised sessions participated. Patient characteristics and comorbidities were recorded. Initial and discharge measures included symptom intensity, balance confidence, quality of life, percent of time symptoms interfere with life, perceived benefits of VR, gait speed, fall risk, visual acuity during head movement, and anxiety/depression. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed to determine outcomes at discharge. Bivariate correlations between independent (group characteristics and baseline measures) and dependent (discharge measures) variables were determined. Logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with whether a patient would have a normal score or meaningful change at discharge. Results There was a large effect of VR with significant improvement for the group as a whole on each outcome measure. For each outcome measure, most patients improved. Based on preliminary logistic regression, 2 patient characteristics were associated with outcome: number of therapy visits predicted meaningful improvement in gait speed, and falls after the onset of the unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) predicted meaningful change in the percent of time symptoms interfered with life. Initial Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and Dynamic Gait Index scores predicted normal ABC scores at discharge, and initial ABC scores predicted recovery of Dynamic Gait Index scores. Preliminary prediction models were generated for balance confidence, impact of dizziness on life, dynamic visual acuity, gait speed, and fall risk. Conclusions Therapists may use these findings for patient education or to determine the need for adjunct therapy, such as counseling. Impact Not all people with UVH improve following VR, but there is little research examining why. This study looked at multiple factors and identified number of visits and falls after onset of UVH as patient characteristics associated with outcomes following VR; these findings will help therapists create better predictive models.
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Fairbairn, Natalie, Claire Galea, Margaret Wallen, Karen Walker, Antoinette Hodge, Nadia Badawi, and Alison Loughran‐Fowlds. "Are boys and girls just different? Gender differences in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (M ABC‐2) suggests that they are." Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 67, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12646.
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Ciceri, Marco Luigi, Marialuisa Gandolfi, Nicola Smania, Beatrice Morari, Liliya Chamitava, Maria Elisabetta Zanolin, and Leonardo Zoccante. "4.70 SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION AND ABC-MOVEMENT 2 ASSESSMENT IN ABNORMAL CONNECTIVITY SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD, ADHD, TOURETTE’S DISORDER) VERSUS CONTROL SUBJECTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 58, no. 10 (October 2019): S243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.310.
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Connolly, Amanda, Joanne Fielding, Nicole Papadopoulos, Jennifer McGinley, Anna Murphy, and Nicole J. Rinehart. "Factors Associated With Accidental Injuries in Children With ADHD–Combined Type: More Than a Motor Problem?" Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 11 (March 14, 2016): 1320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716633857.
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Objective: We explored the relationship between accidental injuries, motor impairment, and co-occurring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children with ADHD–combined type (ADHD-CT). Method: Participants were 32 male children diagnosed with ADHD-CT and 23 typically developing male children (7-12 years, full scale IQ [FSIQ] > 80). Parents completed a customized questionnaire on the occurrence of accidental injuries (e.g., bruises, cuts) their child experienced in the past 12 months. Motor proficiency was assessed using the Movement ABC–2 (MABC-2). Parents rated motor, ADHD-CT, ASD, and anxiety symptoms. Results: Children with ADHD-CT had significantly increased parent-reported accidental injuries compared with typically developing children. Among children with ADHD-CT, Spearman’s rho rank correlations revealed no association between increased accidental injuries and MABC-2 score, but significant associations with increased hyperactivity/impulsivity, ASD, and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Although these findings require validation, they suggest a need for further research investigating the contribution of co-occurring ASD and anxiety symptoms to accidental injuries in children with ADHD-CT.
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Selamat, Hazlina, Nurulaqilla Khamis, and Nuritaasma Mohd Ghani. "Crowd Modeling and Simulation for Safer Building Design." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 11, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.11.2.3.
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Crowd modeling and simulation are very important in the investigation and study of the dynamics of a crowd. They can be used not only to understand the behavior of a crowd in different environments, but also in risk assessment of spaces and in designing spaces that are safer for crowds, especially during emergency evacuations. This paper provides an overview of the use of the crowd simulation model for three main purposes; (1) as a modeling tool to simulate behavior of a crowd in different environments, (2) as a risk assessment tool to assess the risk posed in the environment, and (3) as an optimization tool to optimize the design of a building or space so as to ensure safer crowd movement and evacuation. Result shows that a simulation using the magnetic force model with a pathfinding feature provides a realistic crowd simulation and the use of ABC optimization can reduce evacuation time and improve evacuation comfort. This paper is expected to provide readers with a clearer idea on how crowd models are used in ensuring safer building planning and design.
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Liu, Bo. "Composite Differential Search Algorithm." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/294703.
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Differential search algorithm (DS) is a relatively new evolutionary algorithm inspired by the Brownian-like random-walk movement which is used by an organism to migrate. It has been verified to be more effective than ABC, JDE, JADE, SADE, EPSDE, GSA, PSO2011, and CMA-ES. In this paper, we propose four improved solution search algorithms, namely “DS/rand/1,” “DS/rand/2,” “DS/current to rand/1,” and “DS/current to rand/2” to search the new space and enhance the convergence rate for the global optimization problem. In order to verify the performance of different solution search methods, 23 benchmark functions are employed. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm performs better than, or at least comparable to, the original algorithm when considering the quality of the solution obtained. However, these schemes cannot still achieve the best solution for all functions. In order to further enhance the convergence rate and the diversity of the algorithm, a composite differential search algorithm (CDS) is proposed in this paper. This new algorithm combines three new proposed search schemes including “DS/rand/1,” “DS/rand/2,” and “DS/current to rand/1” with three control parameters using a random method to generate the offspring. Experiment results show that CDS has a faster convergence rate and better search ability based on the 23 benchmark functions.
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Dathe, Anne-Kathrin, Julia Jaekel, Julia Franzel, Thomas Hoehn, Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser, and Britta M. Huening. "Visual Perception, Fine Motor, and Visual-Motor Skills in Very Preterm and Term-Born Children before School Entry–Observational Cohort Study." Children 7, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120276.
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Very preterm children (<32 weeks gestation at birth; VP) are at risk of developmental difficulties. Specific functional difficulties and delays in visual perception, fine motor, and visual-motor skills have received little research attention, although they are critical for daily life and school readiness. Our aim was to assess these skills in a contemporary cohort of 60 VP and 60 matched term-born children before school entry. We administered the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC-2) and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP-2). Linear and logistic regressions were run to test group differences in performance and rates of developmental delay in visual perception, fine motor, and visual-motor skills. Very preterm children had lower scores than term-born children in visual perception (β = −0.25; p = 0.006), fine motor (β = −0.44; p < 0.001), and visual-motor tasks (β = −0.46; p < 0.001). The rate of developmental delay (<−1 SD) was higher among VP in visual perception (odds ratio (OR) = 3.4; 95% confidence interval (CI 1.1–10.6)), fine motor (OR = 6.2 (2.4–16.0)), and visual-motor skills (OR = 13.4 (4.1–43.9)) than in term-born controls. VP children are at increased risk for clinically relevant developmental delays in visual perception, fine motor, and visual-motor skills. Following up VP children until preschool age may facilitate early identification and timely intervention.
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Dillmann, Julia, Claudia Freitag, Kerstin Holve, Silke Schweinfurth, Birgit Lorenz, and Gudrun Schwarzer. "Die motorische Entwicklung von Kindern mit frühkindlichem Innenschielen." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 234, no. 10 (October 2017): 1228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-118831.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Im frühen bis mittleren Kindesalter ist der Zusammenhang zwischen der motorischen Entwicklung und den kindlichen visuell-räumlichen Fähigkeiten bereits vielfach nachgewiesen worden. Bisher wurden diese Zusammenhänge jedoch meist bei gesunden Kindern oder bei Kindern mit motorischen Einschränkungen untersucht. Wenig erforscht ist jedoch, inwieweit die motorische Entwicklung bei Kindern mit beeinträchtigter visuell-räumlicher Verarbeitung aufgrund von frühkindlichem Innenschielen verändert ist und welche Auswirkungen eine erste korrigierende Schieloperation auf die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit der Kinder hat. Zudem liefern die wenigen durchgeführten Studien teilweise widersprüchliche Ergebnisse. Patienten und Methoden In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir 3- bis 7-jährige Kinder, die über kein Binokularsehen aufgrund von ausgeprägtem Innenschielen (Esotropie) (Schielwinkel ≥ 12°) verfügten. Die motorische Entwicklung der Kinder mit Esotropie wurde kurz vor und 12 bis 16 Monate nach einer ersten korrigierenden Schieloperation mit der Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC-2) beurteilt und jeweils mit den Werten einer gesunden Kontrollstichprobe verglichen. Ergebnisse Hinsichtlich der motorischen Gesamtleistung zeigten die Kinder mit frühkindlicher Esotropie sowohl vor als auch nach dem operativen Eingriff eine geringere Leistung als die augengesunden Kontrollkinder. Präoperativ waren bei den Kindern mit Esotropie insbesondere die Subskalen Handgeschicklichkeit und Balance beeinträchtigt, postoperativ die Subskalen Handgeschicklichkeit und Ballfertigkeiten. In keinem Bereich verbesserten sich die Kinder mit frühkindlicher Esotropie signifikant nach OP im Vergleich zu vor OP. Jedoch schnitten die Patienten, die den Bagolini-Test positiv erkannten, signifikant besser im Bereich der Balance ab als die Patienten, die den Bagolini-Test nicht erkannten. Schlussfolgerung Die Kinder mit frühkindlichem Innenschielen zeigten deutliche motorische Defizite, sowohl vor als auch nach einer ersten korrigierenden Schieloperation. Zudem wirkte sich messbares Simultansehen positiv auf die Balance der Kinder aus. Mögliche Erklärungen und praktische Implikationen werden diskutiert.
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Psotta, Rudolf, and Reza Abdollahipour. "Factorial Validity of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children—2nd Edition (MABC-2) in 7-16-Year-Olds." Perceptual and Motor Skills 124, no. 6 (September 12, 2017): 1051–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512517729951.
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The Movement Assessment Battery for Children—2nd Edition (MABC-2) is a test of motor development, widely used in clinical and research settings. To address which motor abilities are actually captured by the motor tasks in the two age versions of the MABC-2, the AB2 for 7- 10-year-olds and the AB3 for 11- 16-year-olds, we examined AB2 and AB3 factorial validity. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (SPSS AMOS 22.0) on data from the test’s standardization samples of children aged 7–10, n = 483, and 11–16, n = 674, in order to find the best fitting models. The covariance matrix of AB2 and AB3 fit a three-factor model that included tasks of manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance. However, factor analytic models fitting AB2 and AB3 did not involve the dynamic balance tasks of hopping with the better leg and hopping with the other leg; and the drawing trail showed very low factor validity. In sum, both AB2 and AB3 of the MABC-2 test are able to discriminate between the three specific motor abilities; but due to questionable psychometric quality, the drawing trail and hopping tasks should be modified to improve the construct validity for both age versions of the MABC-2.
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Taverna, Livia, Marta Tremolada, Barbara Tosetto, Liliana Dozza, and Zanin Scaratti Renata. "Impact of Psycho-Educational Activities on Visual-Motor Integration, Fine Motor Skills and Name Writing among First Graders: A Kinematic Pilot Study." Children 7, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7040027.
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This pilot study presents the effects on acquisition of pre-writing skills of educational activities targeting visual-motor integration and fine motor skills on a convenient sample of first graders. After a 10-week intervention program, visual perceptual skills and fine motor control were tested on 13 six-year-old aged children. Participants completed the Beery-Buktenica VMI and the manual dexterity scale of the Movement ABC-2 at baseline (T1), after the intervention program (T2), and one month after the end of the educational activities (T3). Children’s writing pressure, frequency, and automaticity were measured using a digitizer during the administration of name writing test at T1, T2, and T3. The purpose of the study was to investigate changes in visual-perceptual abilities and fine motor skills after the intervention program and examine correlational effects on children’s kinematic writing performances. Findings reveal that educational activities impacted positively on children’s visual motor coordination component of writing improving VMI scores. No statistically significant difference was detected across the three time points on students’ manual dexterity skills. Measurement of writing kinematics allows to report and document variations in children’s writing during intervention. This pilot study discusses these findings and their implications for the field on early childhood acquisition of foundational skills for handwriting. It also proposes potential topics for future research on this field.
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Kastner, Julia, and Franz Petermann. "Entwicklungsbedingte Koordinationsstörungen." Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie 17, no. 2 (April 2010): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000007.
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Zusammenfassung. Der aktuelle Forschungsstand deutet darauf hin, dass entwicklungsbedingte Koordinationsstörungen häufig mit psychischen und sozialen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten sowie kognitiven Defiziten verknüpft sind; insbesondere der Kontakt zur Gleichaltrigengruppe scheint problematisch. Die vorliegende Studie überprüft, ob betroffene Kinder spezifische kognitive Defizite sowie verschiedene Verhaltensprobleme aufweisen. Es besteht die Hypothese, dass psychische Auffälligkeiten sowie Probleme im sozialen Bereich nicht nur unmittelbare Folgen der motorischen Ungeschicklichkeit darstellen, sondern dass bestimmte kognitive Defizite an der Entstehung dieser negativen Begleiterscheinungen beteiligt sind. In der Studie wurden 35 koordinationsgestörte Kinder im Alter von sechs bis elf Jahren mit einer alters- und geschlechtsgematchten Kontrollgruppe (n = 35) anhand ihrer kognitiven Leistungen, ihres Sozialverhaltens sowie bestimmter psychischer Verhaltensauffälligkeiten mittels t-Tests verglichen. Zur Absicherung der Diagnose einer entwicklungsbedingten Koordinationsstörung wurde der Motoriktest Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC-2) eingesetzt. Die Überprüfung der kognitiven Leistungen erfolgte mittels des Hamburg-Wechsler-Intelligenztest für Kinder – IV (HAWIK-IV). Psychische und soziale Verhaltensabweichungen wurden mithilfe des Elternfragebogens der Intelligence and Developmental Scales (IDS) und der Lehrereinschätzliste (LSL) erfasst. Anhand von Mediatoranalysen wird überprüft, ob ein indirekter Zusammenhang zwischen motorischer Leistung und verschiedenen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten besteht, der durch bestimmte kognitive Defizite vermittelt wird. Die Kinder weisen im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe ein erhöhtes Maß an psychischen Auffälligkeiten, Einschränkungen im Sozialverhalten sowie signifikante Intelligenzunterschiede auf. Das Wahrnehmungsgebundene Logische Denken (HAWIK-IV) vermittelt den Zusammenhang zwischen der motorischen Gesamtleistung sowie den LSL-Skalen Einfühlungsvermögen und Kooperation. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass verschiedene Wahrnehmungsdefizite den Umgang mit der Gleichaltrigengruppe erschweren.
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Prat, A. G., I. L. Reisin, D. A. Ausiello, and H. F. Cantiello. "Cellular ATP release by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): C538—C545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.2.c538.
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Recent studies from our laboratory indicate that members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters, including P-glycoprotein and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), are ATP-permeable channels. The physiological relevance of this novel transport mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, intra- and extracellular ATP content, cellular ATP release, and O2 consumption before and after adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) stimulation were determined to assess the role of CFTR in the transport of ATP under physiological conditions. The functional expression of CFTR by the stable transfection of mouse mammary carcinoma cells, C1271, with human epithelial CFTR cDNA resulted in a stimulated metabolism, since both basal and cAMP-inducible O2 consumption were increased compared with mock-transfected cells. The stimulated (but not basal) O2 consumption was inhibited by diphenyl-2-carboxylic acid (DPC), a known inhibitor of CFTR. CFTR expression was also associated with the cAMP-activated and DPC-inhibitable release of intracellular ATP. The recovery of intracellular ATP from complete depletion after metabolic poisoning was also assessed under basal and cAMP-stimulated conditions. The various maneuvers indicate that CFTR may be an important contributor to the release of cellular ATP, which may help modify signal transduction pathways associated with secretory Cl- movement or other related processes. Changes in the CFTR-mediated delivery of nucleotides to the extracellular compartment may play an important role in the onset and reversal of the cystic fibrosis phenotype.
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Morriss-Kay, G., and F. Tuckett. "Immunohistochemical localisation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans and the effects of chondroitinase ABC in 9- to 11-day rat embryos." Development 106, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.106.4.787.
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Studies on cell behaviour in vitro have indicated that the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) family of molecules can participate in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation and adhesion, but its morphogenetic functions had not been investigated in intact embryos. Chondroitin/chondroitin sulphates have been identified in rat embryos at low levels at the start of neurulation (day 9) and at much higher levels on day 10. In this study we have sought evidence for the morphogenetic functions of CSPGs in rat embryos during the period of neurulation and neural crest cell migration by a combination of two approaches: immunocytochemical localization of CSPG by means of an antibody, CS-56, to the chondroitin sulphate component of CSPG, and exposure of embryos to the enzyme chondroitinase ABC. Staining of the CS-56 epitope was poor at the beginning of cranial neurulation; bright staining was at first confined to the primary mesenchyme under the convex neural folds late on day 9. In day 10 embryos, all mesenchyme cells were stained, but at different levels of intensity, so that primary mesenchyme, neural crest and sclerotomal cells could be distinguished from each other. Basement membranes were also stained, particularly bright staining being present where two epithelial were basally apposed, e.g., neural/surface ectoderms, dorsal aorta/neural tube, prior to migration of a population of cells between them. Staining within the neural epithelium was first confined to the dorsolateral edge region, and associated with the onset of neural crest cell emigration; after neural tube closure, neuroepithelial staining was more general. Neural crest cells were stained during migration, but the reaction was absent in areas associated with migration end-points (trigeminal ganglion anlagen, frontonasal mesenchyme). Embryos exposed to chondroitinase ABC in culture showed no abnormalities until early day 10, when cranial neural crest cell emigration from the neural epithelium was inhibited and neural tube closure was retarded. Sclerotomal cells failed to take their normal pathway between the dorsal aorta and neural tube. Correlation of the results of these two methods suggests: (1) that by decreasing adhesiveness within the neural epithelium at specific stages, CSPG facilitates the emigration of neural crest cells and the migratory movement of neuroblasts, and may also provide increased flexibility during the generation of epithelial curvatures; (2) that by decreasing the adhesiveness of fibronectin-containing extracellular matrices, CSPG facilitates the migration of neural crest and sclerotomal cells. This second function is particularly important when migrating cells take pathways between previously apposed tissues.
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Torres Cruz, A., P. De Oliveira Januário, I. Coelho Baptista, A. Da Rocha Rodrigues, C. H. Chagas Bernardo, T. Silva Nunes, M. Antunes, I. Merllin Batista de Souza, and A. Pasqual Marques. "AB1319-HPR EFFECT OF SEGMENTAL STABILIZATION AND PILATES ON CHRONIC NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN: PILOT STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1949.1–1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3371.
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Background:Low back pain is an important health condition with major socioeconomic consequences and is associated with high costs for the health system, absenteeism at work and reduced functional performance. It is one of the most relevant health problems in the elderly, with point prevalence estimates higher than other musculoskeletal conditions.Objectives:To verify the effect of segmental stabilization versus the Pilates method in the elderly with chronic low back pain.Methods:The study included 9 elderly women with chronic low back pain randomized into two groups: Segmental Stabilization Group (SG n = 5; age 65.2 ± 4.32; Body Mass Index - BMI 29.99 ± 4.65) and Pilates Group (PG n = 4; age 67.75 ± 7.13; BMI 26.49 ± 4.06). Both groups underwent 16 individual sessions of 60 minutes twice a week and avaliated before and after 8 weeks. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Pain Scale; functional disability, by Oswestry’s disability index; excessive fear of movement and physical activity, using the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale; level of confidence in the balance for specific activities, on the Activity-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and; activation of the transverse muscle of the abdomen, by the pressure biofeedback unit Stabilizer of the Chatanooga brand. The allocation and evaluations of the participants were performed by a blind examiner. The data were analyzed using the Student’s t-test with the level of significance (p≤0.05).Results:The data show significant differences in the reduction of pain intensity (p= 0.022) and functional disability (p=0.023) only in SG and improvement in kinesiophobia (p=0.007) only in PG. The level of confidence in the balance for specific activities was better in the SG when compared to the PG (p=0.059). There was no difference in the activation of the transversus abdominis in both groups.Conclusion:The results indicate that the segmental stabilization was effective to improve pain and functional disability, Pilates to improve the degree of kinesiophobia and the SG obtained a better result when compared to the PG regarding the level of confidence in the balance for specific activities. Both techniques had a great effect on improving functional capacity and on the level of confidence in the balance for specific activities. It is suggested to carry out studies with a larger number of participants and follow-up evaluation to assess the long-term effects.References:[1]Boonstra AM, Preuper HRS, Reneman MF, Posthumus JB, Stewart RE. Reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale for disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. IJSR 2008; 3(2):165-9.[2]Marques AP, Mendes YC, Taddei U, Pereira CAB, Assumpção A. Brazilian-Portuguese translation and cross cultural adaptation of the activities-specific balance confidence ABC) scale. Braz J Phys Ther 2013; 17(2): 170-8.[3]Siqueira FB, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Magalhães LC. Análise das propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da escala tampa de cinesiofobia. Acta Orto Bras 2007; 15(1): 19-24.[4]Viggato R, Alexandre NMC, Correa Filho HR. Development of a Braziliam Portuguese version of the Oswestry Disability Index: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. Spine 2007; 32(4):481-6.Acknowledgments:Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Shoultz, Bonnie. "The ABC-CLIO Companion to the Disability Rights Movement." Mental Retardation 36, no. 4 (August 1998): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(1998)036<0332:br>2.0.co;2.
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Jaikaew, Rujira, and Nuntanee Satiansukpong. "Movement performance and movement difficulties in typical school-aged children." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0249401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249401.
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Introduction Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is an impairment of executive motor skills. Children aged 7–10 years gradually develop effective movement that enables smooth performance in various daily self-care, academic and sport activities. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition-Age Band 2, (MABC2-AB2), which is a western standardized test, could be used in Thai children for differentiating between movement performance and movement difficulties. Method Three hundred and sixty typical Thai children aged 7–10 years old were recruited from three primary schools in Chiang Mai district, Thailand. The participants were divided into four age groups and tested using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition-Age Band 2-Thai version (MABC2-AB2-T). Results Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance rose with age increment. Older participants had better movement performance than younger ones. The results showed that 91.11 percent of the participants had typical movement, while 3.61 and 5.28 percent of them had movement difficulty and movement at risk, respectively. In addition, three test items: Drawing Trail, Walking Heel to Toe Forward, and Hopping on Mats had a ceiling effect when used for Thai children. Conclusion The MABC2-AB2-T could be used to assess movement performance and movement difficulties in Thai children. About 9 percent of typical Thai children aged 7–10 years old needed early intervention. Administration of the three test items may need to be revised.
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Craddock, Charles, Sudhir Tauro, Michael Griffiths, Mark Cook, Harprit Singh, and Michael Wakelam. "Identification of Novel Signalling Pathways in Myeloblasts from Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using a Phosphoproteomic Strategy." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.670.670.
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Abstract Acquired somatic mutations which result in constitutive activation of signal transduction pathways are increasingly recognised in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Reasoning that since protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an important mechanism mediating the transduction of proliferative and survival signals we have utilised a proteomic strategy to identify dysregulated phosphoproteins in myeloblasts from patients with AML. Using an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody we have immunoprecipitated proteins from AML blasts, separated proteins by SDS PAGE and identified proteins within distinct bands by mass spectrometry. Results in primary AML blasts have been compared with CD34+ hemopoietic progenitors harvested from GCSF mobilised normal donors. The methodology was validated using vanadate-stimulated HL60 cells. 10 patients with a median age of 51 (range 16–90 yrs) were studied. One patient had favorable risk cytogenetics, three adverse risk cytogenetics and six a normal karyotype. Mutations in the flt-3 tyrosine kinase were present in four patients. Blasts from every patient demonstrated phosphorylation of MAP kinase (MAPK) implying activation of the ras-MAPK cascade. In contrast CD34+ cells from three normal donors demonstrated weak or no MAPK phosphorylation. Since each AML sample demonstrated MAPK phosphorylation irrespective of flt-3 status we next examined their phosphotyrosine-proteome. This identified a number of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins in signalling complexes in anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates. Notable examples amongst these were receptors (Ephrin type-A3, interleukin-13, GPCR43), signalling intermediates (TAPP1, RASA1, GDI-2, LARG, SGEF, cortactin, Cd-2 associated protein) and transcription factors (ELK-1, HFK-1). These proteins identify three functionally distinct groups in AML blasts which were not detected in normal CD34+ progenitors: (i) intermediates of a tyrosine kinase mediated ras-MAPK signalling cascade (ii) intermediates in PtdIns-3-kinase mediated signalling presumably suppressing apoptosis and (iii) regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and thus cell movement. Surprisingly the strategy also identified tyrosine phosphorylation of the 5-HT3A receptor and the MRCP1-ABC transporter in a number of patients suggesting a role for these proteins in the pathogenesis of certain subtypes of AML. The phosphorylation of a number of these identified proteins was confirmed immunochemically. Thus adoption of a phosphoproteomic methodology has identified novel phosphoproteins in AML which require further validation. Our data also demonstrate a common intracellular signalling pathway (ras-MAPK) in distinct AML patients regulated by differing primary events. These observations provide information of value in the rational development of targeted therapies in AML.
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Valle, Alejandra, José Manuel Leiro, Patricia Pereiro, Antonio Figueras, Beatriz Novoa, Ron P. H. Dirks, and Jesús Lamas. "Interactions between the Parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi and the Immune System of the Turbot Scophthalmus maximus. A Transcriptomic Analysis." Biology 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9100337.
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The present study analyses the interactions between Philasterides dicentrarchi (a ciliate parasite that causes high mortalities in cultured flatfish) and the peritoneal cells of the turbot Scophthalmus maximus during an experimental infection. The transcriptomic response was evaluated in the parasites and in the fish peritoneal cells, at 1, 2 and 4 h post-infection (hpi) in turbot injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 107 ciliates and at 12 and 48 hpi in turbot injected ip with 105 ciliates. Numerous genes were differentially expressed (DE) in P. dicentrarchi, relative to their expression in control ciliates (0 hpi): 407 (369 were up-regulated) at 1 hpi, 769 (415 were up-regulated) at 2 hpi and 507 (119 were up-regulated) at 4 hpi. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the DE genes showed that the most representative categories of biological processes affected at 1, 2 and 4 hpi were biosynthetic processes, catabolic processes, biogenesis, proteolysis and transmembrane transport. Twelve genes of the ABC transporter family and eight genes of the leishmanolysin family were DE at 1, 2 and 4 hpi. Most of these genes were strongly up-regulated (UR), suggesting that they are involved in P. dicentrarchi infection. A third group of UR genes included several genes related to ribosome biogenesis, DNA transcription and RNA translation. However, expression of tubulins and tubulin associated proteins, such as kinesins or dyneins, which play key roles in ciliate division and movement, was down-regulated (DR). Similarly, genes that coded for lysosomal proteins or that participate in the cell cycle mitotic control, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and/or in the electron transport chain were also DR. The transcriptomic analysis also revealed that in contrast to many parasites, which passively evade the host immune system, P. dicentrarchi strongly stimulated turbot peritoneal cells. Many genes related to inflammation were DE in peritoneal cells at 1, 2 and 4 hpi. However, the response was much lower at 12 hpi and almost disappeared completely at 48 hpi in fish that were able to kill P. dicentrarchi during the first few hpi. The genes that were DE at 1, 2 and 4 hpi were mainly related to the apoptotic process, the immune response, the Fc-epsilon receptor signalling pathway, the innate immune response, cell adhesion, cell surface receptors, the NF-kappaB signalling pathway and the MAPK cascade. Expression of toll-like receptors 2, 5 and 13 and of several components of NF-κB, MAPK and JAK/STAT signalling pathways was UR in the turbot peritoneal cells. Genes expressing chemokines and chemokine receptors, genes involved in prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, prostaglandins, leukotriene receptors, proinflammatory cytokines and genes involved in apoptosis were strongly UR during the first four hours of infection. However, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as Il-10 and lipoxygenases with anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) were only UR at 12 and/or 48 hpi, indicating an anti-inflammatory state in these groups of fish. In conclusion, the present study shows the regulation of several genes in P. dicentrarchi during the early stages of infection, some of which probably play important roles in this process. The infection induced a potent acute inflammatory response, and many inflammatory genes were regulated in peritoneal cells, showing that the turbot uses all the protective mechanisms it has available to prevent the entry of the parasite.
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Joyo, M. Kamran, Yarooq Raza, S. Faiz Ahmed, M. M. Billah, Kushsairy Kadir, Kanendra Naidu, Athar Ali, and Zukhairi Mohd Yusof. "Optimized Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller for Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robot." Electronics 8, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080826.
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This paper proposes a nature inspired, meta-heuristic optimization technique to tune a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a robotic arm exoskeleton RAX-1. The RAX-1 is a two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOFs) upper limb rehabilitation robotic system comprising two joints to facilitate shoulder joint movements. The conventional tuning of PID controllers using Ziegler-Nichols produces large overshoots which is not desirable for rehabilitation applications. To address this issue, nature inspired algorithms have recently been proposed to improve the performance of PID controllers. In this study, a 2-DOF PID control system is optimized offline using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC). To validate the effectiveness of the proposed ABC-PID method, several simulations were carried out comparing the ABC-PID controller with the PSO-PID and a classical PID controller tuned using the Zeigler-Nichols method. Various investigations, such as determining system performance with respect to maximum overshoot, rise and settling time and using maximum sensitivity function under disturbance, were carried out. The results of the investigations show that the ABC-PID is more robust and outperforms other tuning techniques, and demonstrate the effective response of the proposed technique for a robotic manipulator. Furthermore, the ABC-PID controller is implemented on the hardware setup of RAX-1 and the response during exercise showed minute overshoot with lower rise and settling times compared to PSO and Zeigler-Nichols-based controllers.
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Woo, Kevin. "Signal Competition in Dynamic Visual Environments: Relative Conspicuousness of Social Displays in the Jacky Dragon (Amphibolurus muricatus)." Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 415–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.03.07.2021.
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Selection for conspicuousness has been an important force on visual signal design. Although signal efficacy has been extensively studied in acoustic systems, few studies have examined this attribute in dynamic visual signals. Here, I simulated signal competition between Jacky lizards (Amphibolurus muricatus) by presenting the motor patterns (tail-flick, push-up body rock, and slow arm wave) in isolation that are typically used in social communication. Phase 1 used four digital video playback systems to present simultaneous animated display combinations on opposing monitors to a subject that was situated in the middle, and measured orientation towards the monitors and latency to respond. Phase 2 maintained the same set-up and simultaneous display combinations, but tested signal conspicuousness across three levels of visual noise (calm, typical, and windy) simulated by the movement of windblown vegetation in the background. The results suggest that the most conspicuous visual display is the tail-flick, followed by the push-up body rock, and the slow arm wave is the least conspicuous. Moreover, this relationship is robust across the full range of environmental wind conditions. No significant side biases in orientation to displays were detected, which suggested no lateralization in perceptual processes. Jacky lizard display motor patterns which address distinct functional requirements: the tail flick is an ideal alerting component, with high efficacy over a range of signaling conditions. The push-up body rock, which is used only in aggressive displays, has a more restricted range, and the submissive slow arm wave is likely designed to appease nearby dominant males.
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Siregar, Alfitriani, and Nadlrah Naimi. "The Pelatihan Media BIG MAZE Bagi Guru-Guru Aisyah Pendukung Selama Daring." Abdimas Universal 2, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/abdimasuniversal.v2i2.67.
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This community service is aimed to provide teaching training through BIG MAZE educational game media for Aisiyah’ teachers during online. The educational game, Maze, is complicated, tortuous, and deadlocked track system. At home, children easily learn through the media BIG MAZE, is B (Bergerak) for move is a stimulus to the child's body movements, hands and feet. I (Ingat) for remember is to train the child's memory sensors, through language, numbers, letters. G (Guna) for use is to do the activities of the results of exercises done in the previous movement through memory sensors, and will affect the cognitive development of children. This activity was carried out in collaboration between Aisyiyah Regional Leadership of Primary and Secondary Educational in North Sumatera and Aisyiyah Butstanul Athfal’ teachers in Medan partners. The method is taught for children of 10 teachers from ABA in Medan and has been evaluated, this activity through 4 stages: (1) preparation, (2) action, (3) observation, and (4) evaluation. The results of the children were very enthusiastic using by BIG MAZE of educational games tool at home online.
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Broderick, Alicia A. "Autism, “Recovery (to Normalcy),” and the Politics of Hope." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 47, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-47.4.263.
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Abstract This article draws on the traditions of critical discourse analysis (N. Fairclough, 1995, 2001; M. Foucault, 1972, 1980; J. P. Gee, 1999) in critically examining the discursive formation of “recovery” from autism in applied behavioral analysis (ABA) discourse and its relationship to constructs of hope. Constituted principally in the work of O. I. Lovaas (1987) and C. Maurice (1993), and central to ABA discourse on recovery, has been the construction of a particular vision of hope that has at least 2 integral conceptual elements: (a) Hope for recovery within ABA discourse is constructed in binary opposition to hopelessness, and (b) recovery within ABA discourse is discursively constructed as “recovery (to normalcy).” The author analyzes these 2 pivotal ABA texts within the context of an analysis of other uses of the term recovery in broader bodies of literature: (a) within prior autism-related literature, particularly autobiography, and (b) within literature emanating from the psychiatric survivors' movement. If, indeed, visions of hope inform educational policy and decision making, this analysis addresses S. Danforth's (1997) cogent query, “On what basis hope?”, and asserts that moral and political commitments should be central sources of visions of hope and, therefore, inform educational policy and decision making for young children with labels of autism.
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Jaikaew, Rujira, and Nuntanee Satiansukpong. "Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC2): Cross-Cultural Validity, Content Validity, and Interrater Reliability in Thai Children." Occupational Therapy International 2019 (December 18, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4086594.
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Introduction. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC2) is a standardized test for detecting children with movement difficulty. It was established and is used widely in Western countries. Studying cross-cultural validity and reliability was necessary before using the MABC2 with Thai children. Purposes. To study cross-cultural validity, content validity, and interrater reliability of the MABC2. Method. The MABC2-Age Band 2 (AB2: children aged 7-10 years) was translated into Thai from the source version of the MABC2 by using the following steps: forward translation, backward translation, panel discussion, and testing of the prefinal version of the Thai-MABC2-AB2. Five occupational therapists checked the content validity of the test. Twenty-nine children, aged 7-10 years, were examined by two testers in order to establish interrater reliability. Results. This cross-cultural study demonstrated validity in the Thai context. Content validity was good with an item-objective congruence (IOC) range from 0.73 to 0.95. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of interrater reliability ranged from 0.71 to 1.00. Conclusion. The Thai-MABC2-AB2 is a good fit for use in a clinical and Thai cultural setting. Interrater reliability was moderate to good, which meant results between testers were consistent.
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Zhang, Yanli, Yuanling Sun, Xiaojing Liu, Jiayin Deng, Jun Yao, Yinan Zhang, Shurong Deng, et al. "Populus euphratica Apyrases Increase Drought Tolerance by Modulating Stomatal Aperture in Arabidopsis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 9892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189892.
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Stomatal regulation is crucial to reduce water consumption under drought conditions. Extracellular ATP (eATP) serves as a signaling agent in stomatal regulation; however, it is less known whether the eATP mediation of stomatal aperture is linked to apyrases (APYs), the principal enzymes that control the concentration of eATP. To clarify the role of APYs in stomatal control, PeAPY1 and PeAPY2 were isolated from Populus euphratica and transferred into Arabidopsis. Compared with the wild-type Arabidopsis and loss-of-function mutants (Atapy1 and Atapy2), PeAPY1- and PeAPY2-transgenic plants decreased stomatal aperture under mannitol treatment (200 mM, 2 h) and reduced water loss during air exposure (90 min). The role of apyrase in stomatal regulation resulted from its control in eATP-regulated stomatal movements and increased stomatal sensitivity to ABA. The bi-phasic dose-responses to applied nucleotides, i.e., the low ATP (0.3–1.0 mM)-promoted opening and high ATP (>2.0 mM)-promoted closure, were both restricted by P. euphratica apyrases. It is noteworthy that eATP at a low concentration (0.3 mM) counteracted ABA action in the regulation of stomatal aperture, while overexpression of PeAPY1 or PeAPY2 effectively diminished eATP promotion in opening, and consequently enhanced ABA action in closure. We postulate a speculative model of apyrase signaling in eATP- and ABA-regulated stomatal movements under drought.
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Szollosi, Andras, Daniella R. Muallem, László Csanády, and Paola Vergani. "Mutant cycles at CFTR’s non-canonical ATP-binding site support little interface separation during gating." Journal of General Physiology 137, no. 6 (May 16, 2011): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201110608.
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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel belonging to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. ABC proteins share a common molecular mechanism that couples ATP binding and hydrolysis at two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) to diverse functions. This involves formation of NBD dimers, with ATP bound at two composite interfacial sites. In CFTR, intramolecular NBD dimerization is coupled to channel opening. Channel closing is triggered by hydrolysis of the ATP molecule bound at composite site 2. Site 1, which is non-canonical, binds nucleotide tightly but is not hydrolytic. Recently, based on kinetic arguments, it was suggested that this site remains closed for several gating cycles. To investigate movements at site 1 by an independent technique, we studied changes in thermodynamic coupling between pairs of residues on opposite sides of this site. The chosen targets are likely to interact based on both phylogenetic analysis and closeness on structural models. First, we mutated T460 in NBD1 and L1353 in NBD2 (the corresponding site-2 residues become energetically coupled as channels open). Mutation T460S accelerated closure in hydrolytic conditions and in the nonhydrolytic K1250R background; mutation L1353M did not affect these rates. Analysis of the double mutant showed additive effects of mutations, suggesting that energetic coupling between the two residues remains unchanged during the gating cycle. We next investigated pairs 460–1348 and 460–1375. Although both mutations H1348A and H1375A produced dramatic changes in hydrolytic and nonhydrolytic channel closing rates, in the corresponding double mutants these changes proved mostly additive with those caused by mutation T460S, suggesting little change in energetic coupling between either positions 460–1348 or positions 460–1375 during gating. These results provide independent support for a gating model in which ATP-bound composite site 1 remains closed throughout the gating cycle.
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Higashionna, Takuya, Ryoichiro Iwanaga, Akiko Tokunaga, Akio Nakai, Koji Tanaka, Hideyuki Nakane, and Goro Tanaka. "Relationship between Motor Coordination, Cognitive Abilities, and Academic Achievement in Japanese Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders." Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 30, no. 1 (December 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2017.10.002.
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Background/Objective Motor coordination impairment is common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor coordination, cognitive ability, and academic achievement in Japanese children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods Thirty-four school-age (6–12 years old) children with neurodevelopmental disorders and 34 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were recruited in this study. Correlations between the scores of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (M-ABC2) and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition (K-ABCII) that assesses cognitive abilities, and academic achievement were analyzed. Results The children with neurodevelopmental disorders obtained a lower total score and all component scores on M-ABC2 compared to the TD children. In children with neurodevelopmental disorders, M-ABC2 Manual Dexterity score was significantly correlated with K-ABCII Simultaneous Processing (r = .345, p = .046), Knowledge (r = .422, p = .013), Reading (r = .342, p = .048), Writing (r = .414, p = .017), and Arithmetic (r = .443, p = .009) scores. In addition, M-ABC2 Balance score was significantly correlated with K-ABCII Learning (r = .341, p = .048), Writing (r = .493, p = .004), and Arithmetic (r = .386, p = .024) scores. Conclusion These findings stress that it is essential to accurately identify motor coordination impairments and the interventions that would consider motor coordination problems related to cognitive abilities and academic achievement in Japanese children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Tararoev, Y. V. ,. Netsvitay T. V. "Typology of M. G. Aranovsky musical thinking and symmetry." Aspects of Historical Musicology 13, no. 13 (September 15, 2018): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-13.08.
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Background. Goals In recent years, there is a growing interest in musical thinking, which is a key element of musicology and music philosophy, since music is a conscious, mental activity of a person and understanding the mechanisms of this activity, we can signifi cantly expand and deepen our understanding of music. The purpose of this study is to defi ne and supplement and clarify the concept of M. G. Aranovsky musical thinking our author’s approach, concretizing and clarifying the methodological and heuristic function of symmetry in musical thinking and its anthropological content. The work uses methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. Musical thinking manifests itself in three forms of basic musical activity - composing, performing, listening, to which we also add theoretical (research) and pedagogical They are based on the processes of musical thinking and the fulfi llment of certain goals: the creation of an artifact, interpretation, reproduction, perception, analysis and theoretical understanding. The three spheres of realization of musical thinking are emotional-sensual, rational-logical and textual, semantic. These forms are closely intertwined and function on the basis of musical language, which is the foundation of any musical creative activity. The direct interaction of music and rationality is displayed in terms of “musical logic” and “architectonic musical ear”. Logic is the science of the most common laws of thought. These laws of thinking are expressed in the most abstract forms, patterns, rules that can be interpreted as conformity of something to specifi c norms, patterns. With regard to music, logic implies following certain standards and rules. Since the rational principle in music is closely associated with the irrational unconscious, the common logical norms that have been formed in a certain historical epoch within the framework of the dominant system of musical language are refracted through the individual stylistic features of the composer. A specifi c type of thinking - musical - generates the corresponding type of logic. Therefore, it is possible to express musical thinking by the sum of concepts - musical logic, musical speech and semantics of musical speech. M. G. Aranovsky identifi es four layers of musical logic: combinatorial, linguistic, contextual and artistic, i.e. those aspects (levels, edges) of the creative activity of a musician, in which there is logic. The lowest and at the same time fundamental level of musical logic is combinatorial, it is the sphere of primary elementary logical combinations of the simplest elements. However, the logic of this level extends to all scales of structures, from small motive links to sections of a one-part form. M. G. Aranovsky proposes to distinguish three types of logical combinations: 1. Identical - based on a constant repetition of structural units, where the formed elements are identical with each other (for example, AAAAAA). In terms of symmetry, this is a transformation of a simple movement along the time axis. It can again be noted as the simplest type of isomorphism, where only one characteristic changes - temporary. If we exclude it from consideration, then we can say that this is a “degenerate case” of isomorphism, which is an automorphism. 2. Equivalent - based on the modifi ed version of the repetition, in which there are both similarities and differences, i.e. incomplete identity is formed (for example, A1A2A3A4). From the point of view of symmetry, this combination of sequences represents the “unity” of the operation of symmetry, movement and violation of symmetry as such, i.e. in this sequence, some properties are repeated, while others change. This temporal process can be represented as isomorphism in the proper sense of the word, when some elements remain identical, while others change, and in general the objects are different, but similar. 3. Alternative - a combination of sequences of different units with complete exclusion of formal or obvious similarity (for example, ABC). Through symmetric transformations, this kind of logical combinations of primary elements can be described as an even greater symmetry violation, which preserves only the general “sequence of elements”, i.e. a small number of common properties, while these elements themselves are significantly different from each other. In this case, one can speak of a deep “transformation” of isomorphism, which can be called “metamorphism” (gr. Metamorphoómai - transformation of form). The basis of this transformation is a violation of the original symmetry in such a way that much more properties change than in the case of isomorphism. It can be schematically represented as A1 → B, A2 → C, etc. Thus, metamorphism can be considered both as a similarity, which has undergone a rather strong transformation, and as a symmetry violation, leading to a signifi cant complication of the structure. Thus, the result of this study is the position that, from the point of view of M. G. Aranowsky, the temporal process is the basis of musical thinking. The built-up chain “temporal process → musical logic → musical thinking” is the anthropological specifi city of human thought (in the musical sphere) associated with temporal processes in which a person is “immersed” and from which he cannot “exit” under any circumstances. Findings. we conclude that this chain can be called the “temporal-anthropological triad”. It represents the sequence “automorphism → isomorphism → metamorphism”. Each of its stages is different from the previous increase in the level of complexity. Of particular interest is the transition from isomorphism to metamorphism, since it is associated with the process of symmetry breaking. The mechanisms and principles of this disorder need further investigation.
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Csanády, László, Angus C. Nairn, and David C. Gadsby. "Thermodynamics of CFTR Channel Gating: A Spreading Conformational Change Initiates an Irreversible Gating Cycle." Journal of General Physiology 128, no. 5 (October 16, 2006): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200609558.
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CFTR is the only ABC (ATP-binding cassette) ATPase known to be an ion channel. Studies of CFTR channel function, feasible with single-molecule resolution, therefore provide a unique glimpse of ABC transporter mechanism. CFTR channel opening and closing (after regulatory-domain phosphorylation) follows an irreversible cycle, driven by ATP binding/hydrolysis at the nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1, NBD2). Recent work suggests that formation of an NBD1/NBD2 dimer drives channel opening, and disruption of the dimer after ATP hydrolysis drives closure, but how NBD events are translated into gate movements is unclear. To elucidate conformational properties of channels on their way to opening or closing, we performed non-equilibrium thermodynamic analysis. Human CFTR channel currents were recorded at temperatures from 15 to 35°C in inside-out patches excised from Xenopus oocytes. Activation enthalpies(ΔH‡) were determined from Eyring plots. ΔH‡ was 117 ± 6 and 69 ± 4 kJ/mol, respectively, for opening and closure of partially phosphorylated, and 96 ± 6 and 73 ± 5 kJ/mol for opening and closure of highly phosphorylated wild-type (WT) channels. ΔH‡ for reversal of the channel opening step, estimated from closure of ATP hydrolysis–deficient NBD2 mutant K1250R and K1250A channels, and from unlocking of WT channels locked open with ATP+AMPPNP, was 43 ± 2, 39 ± 4, and 37 ± 6 kJ/mol, respectively. Calculated upper estimates of activation free energies yielded minimum estimates of activation entropies (ΔS‡), allowing reconstruction of the thermodynamic profile of gating, which was qualitatively similar for partially and highly phosphorylated CFTR. ΔS‡ appears large for opening but small for normal closure. The large ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ (TΔS‡ ≥ 41 kJ/mol) for opening suggest that the transition state is a strained channel molecule in which the NBDs have already dimerized, while the pore is still closed. The small ΔS‡ for normal closure is appropriate for cleavage of a single bond (ATP's beta-gamma phosphate bond), and suggests that this transition state does not require large-scale protein motion and hence precedes rehydration (disruption) of the dimer interface.
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Otolorin, Gbeminiyi Richard, Jarlath U. Umoh, and Asabe Adamu Dzikwi. "Demographic and Ecological Survey of Dog Population in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria." ISRN Veterinary Science 2014 (April 9, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/806849.
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Dog ecology is essential in understanding the distribution, structure, and population density of dogs and pattern of dog ownership in any given area. A cross-sectional study was designed to study dog ecology in Aba, Abia state, Nigeria, from April to June 2013. The study revealed that the 500 households surveyed possessed 5,823 individuals and 747 dogs, giving a dog to human ratio of 1 : 7.8; hence dog population in Aba was estimated to be 68,121. About 495/747 (66.3%) of the dogs were exotic and 465/747 (62.2%) were males. A total of 319/500 (63.8%) of the households had fences that restrained dog movement and there was no incidence of dog bite in 447/500 (89.4%) of the households surveyed. There were statistical associations between vaccination against antirabies and breeds of dogs (χ2=79.8, df=2, P<0.005). Exotic breed (adjusted OR=0.39; CI=0.23–0.65) and local breed of dogs (adjusted OR=0.08; CI=0.04–0.14) had less odds of being vaccinated as compared to crossbreed of dogs. About 126 dogs (2.5 dogs per street) were estimated from street counts survey. The relative high dog to human ratio and low vaccination coverage of owned dogs population pose public health concerns requiring adequate public health education and proper antirabies vaccination coverage of dogs in the study area.
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Hamari, Lotta, Päivi M. Lähteenmäki, Heidi Pukkila, Mikko Arola, Anna Axelin, Sanna Salanterä, and Liisa S. Järvelä. "Motor Performance in Children Diagnosed with Cancer: A Longitudinal Observational Study." Children 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7080098.
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Children with cancer are dealing with different side and long-term effects caused by cancer and its treatments, like vinca-alkaloids, which may have negative effects on motor performance. However, the affected areas of motor performance (aiming and catching, balance, manual dexterity) and the differences in these areas between boys and girls and diagnoses are not frequently reported in a longitudinal design. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how motor performance changes over the course of cancer treatment. The study was conducted with 3-to 16-year-old children with cancer (N = 36) in 2013–2017. The five assessment points were 0, 2, 6, 12 and 30 months from diagnosis. Movement-ABC2 was used to assess motor performance. We found that aiming and catching skills decreased significantly during the follow-up (p < 0.05). Balance was affected at the 2-month measurement point (p < 0.05) and more in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia than in children with other cancer diagnoses (p < 0.05). Girls performed better than boys in manual dexterity at 6, 12 and 30 months (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Individual monitoring of motor performance with standardized tests and physical activity/exercise programs during and after treatment are needed.
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Popelka, Stanislav, and Jiří Komínek. "Visual Inspection of Geological Maps: an eye-tracking Study." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-22-2020.
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Abstract. The paper describes the analysis of a visual inspection of paper geological maps by three groups of participants: geologists (GEOL), geographers (GEO) and geoinformaticians (GIS). The aim of the study was to identify the differences in how different groups of participants visually inspected geological maps.Geological maps show the distribution of different types of rock at the earth’s surface and are a fundamental tool for geologists. Geology as a distinct discipline is relatively young, and its origins date to the eighteenth century. In recent years, this otherwise relatively stable field has begun to incorporate new technology into its tools and methods. No study as yet has been published to assess geological maps using eye-tracking or cognitive cartography.Eye-tracking glasses SMI Eye Tracking Glasses 2 with a recording frequency of 60 Hz were used to record the eye-movements of participants during the experiment. Two maps at a scale of 1 : 25 000 produced by the Czech Geological Survey were used for the eye-tracking experiment. In the first part of the experiment, free viewing was analyzed. In the second part, participants solved six tasks with a map. The tasks were selected based on consultation with employees of the Czech Geological Survey.In the free viewing section, noticeable differences between groups were observed. The free viewing section revealed that the geoinformaticians group concentrated much less on the map itself and spent more time on the surrounding elements. The geographers and geologists mainly focused on the map field. The second part of the experiment comprised six tasks.The first task was the simplest and involved finding the coordinate system used in the map. The task caused no problems in any group, and completion times were balanced. The GIS group demonstrated the greatest experience in reading maps and was also the quickest to solve the task. The second task was to identify the geological units depicted in the map. The correct answer could be obtained either from the legend or by using the scheme of geological units. No statistically significant differences in time between the groups were recorded. In the third task, respondents were required to identify and mark the boundary between two geological units found in the previous task. The group of geologists was quickest to solve this task, and all other respondents found a solution with no great difficulty. The fourth task was to identify the predominant rock and determine its type according to the legend. The results suggest that ten respondents from GEO and GIS groups who concentrated on the lithostratigraphic scheme did not know where to look for the correct answer. In the fifth task, participants were required to mark an area with multiple landslides. The aim in this task was to find the landslide symbol in the legend and then identify the landslide area on the map. The differences between groups were most apparent in this task. The geologists were significantly quicker in finding the symbol in the legend. The other groups needed a much longer time to identify the symbol in the legend. In the final task, respondents were instructed to identify the predominant rock in the area with the highest amplitude of geomagnetic anomalies. To solve this task, using the diagram in the section at the bottom left was necessary. The GEOL group spent the least amount of time completing this task, indicating the respondents’ knowledge. The experiment and subsequent interviews revealed a different color reading strategy. When identifying a rock, the GEOL group compared colors mainly for quick orientation. However, the decisive factor for identification was the index, which was given for the rock in the map and legend.To conclude, the geologists group was quickest in solving the tasks and recorded the least wrong answers. The GIS and GEO groups achieved similar results in the experiment.
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Putri, Izzah Iswara Mundhofir, Rmiyanti Rmiyanti, and Endang Rahayu Ningsih. "REALISASI GERAKAN LITERASI DIGITAL SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN LITERASI NASIONAL DI SEKOLAH MUHAMMADIYAH PANGKALAN BUN." Buletin Literasi Budaya Sekolah 2, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/blbs.v2i2.12836.
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The problem of this research is how the realization of the digital literacy movement as a form of implementation of GLN in Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun School and what factors influence the implementation of digital literacy at Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun School. This research method is descriptive qualitative, which describes factually the factors that influence the implementation of digital literacy at Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun School. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interview and questionnaire distribution. The data analysis of this research was carried out inductively, namely the analysis technique that went from fact to theory. This study uses theoretical triangulation, which is to double-check the validity of the research data with existing related theories. The results of this study indicate that digital literacy at Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun School is realized in the form of hardware such as laptops, projectors, speakers, and WiFi. Several factors influence the implementation of digital literacy, namely: (1) The location of the school which is the access in and out of the general public. (2) The location of the school which is one area with a lower level of school (TK ABA, SD Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun, SMP Muhammadiyah Pangkalan Bun). (3) Different students' backgrounds.
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Török, Zsolt Győző. "North in the head: spatial reference frame and map orientation." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 8, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-6-2020.
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Abstract. Effective map use in the field is based on orientation in two spaces: in a physical or geographical space and in a representational, graphic space. When using a map the wayfinding process includes the identification of the user’s geographical position in the field (starting point), the identification of the target and planning the route’s connecting the two points. However, the initial direction of the user is very rarely the orientation of the map, so the problem of navigation with maps is the translation of the representational space into the user’s actual situation. In other words, the projected or actual movement path during navigation must be transformed from one reference frame to the other. Spatial reference frame is a key issue in cartography and geovisualization. The transformation of the human subjects’ body-centred, egocentric reference system into an object-centred, allocentric reference system is a complex task. Maps are cognitive tools, traditionally representing large configurational spaces in visual, graphic form (Török 2019). They offer computational advantage over internal, human memory representation, organized into smaller spatial units. Apart from personal experience, learning from maps is a common practice (Meilinger et al. 2015). Supported by ubiquitous map services, prior to visiting unfamiliar places people consult maps to familiarize themselves, and this spatial learning results in memory structures with map-oriented reference frames. In modern societies the massive use of cartographic visualization in spatial thinking underlines the importance of modern cognitive cartographic research, resulting in new insights and consequences well beyond topographic map use (Zentai et al. 2006). Learning from maps influence the structure of the cognitive map. Increasing map use in modern information societies has strong effects on all spatial aspects of the human mind. Recent geo-visualizations, most importantly mobile navigational applications display maps with dynamic, head-up orientation and support the user by turn-by-turn voice navigation. Unfortunately, this practice does not support survey knowledge acquisition, cognitive map building and spatial memory training. The negative effect is decreasing navigational, or more generally spatial, ability of users of GPS navigational services. While the change of reference frame demands higher memory load for the human brain, the cost is compensated by the maintenance and development of human cognitive abilities.The North-is-up reference frame on cartographic maps is actually a rather modern cultural convention. However, we can trace its origin back to the astronomical-geometrical worldview of ancient Greek cosmology. The priority of north was adopted by Hellenic geography and became a classic tradition after the rediscovery of the 2nd c. work, a manual on making a map of the world by Ptolemy. He described the construction of the map in a geometric reference frame, in a north-oriented geographical coordinate system. Map making based on this new concept of geometric space had substantial influence on human spatial thinking from the Renaissance period on. Modern cartography is an Enlightenment project, and from the 19th century maps became common objects in European societies. In the 20th century cartographers and generations of map users were trained in geography with north-oriented maps, atlases – even globes were displayed with north on top. The representational history of cities in European cartography a case where cognitive cartographic issues strongly influenced cartographic practice and the importance of different reference frames is demonstrative. The modern city view as a new genre appears in the late 15th century and cities views were already popular at the time the Nuremberg Chronicle was printed with numerous illustrations (1493). However, how it is perhaps best exemplified by Sebastian Münster’s German Cosmography (from 1544) while maps were oriented north or south, the cities were given in perspective. In the Chronicle Buda, the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary, is represented from the east, while Münster included another woodcut, a view of the city from the south. After the long period of the Turkish occupation new representations of the former Hungarian capital were constructed by military engineers in connection with the siege of Buda (1686), representing the campaign’s target from military point of view. The cities Buda and Pest, stretching along the Danube, even in the 19th century they were represented with the river as a horizontal axis in landscape format views and maps. The significant change of the orientation of the city maps is the late 19th century, more specifically the period when topographic maps of the third military survey of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy became available. From this time on the historic material demonstrates that maps of Budapest (from 1872) are almost exclusively north-oriented. As a result of this process, generations learned geography from north oriented maps and school atlases.After our virtual reality experiments exploring spatial learning and navigation (Török et al. 2018), in the present field experiment we tested the interaction of local and global reference frames, the sense of geographical North in a sample of young adults. We created an ecologically valid experimental setting by selecting a special location at ELTE university campus in Budapest. In an enclosed vista space, positioned near the river Danube and heading an easterly direction, our participants were asked first to point to North. With good visibility of the river, a major, structural landmark in the configuration of the city we were interested how the misleading direction of the Danube influenced their directional sense. While the general course of the river is north-south, at the site of the experiment the river course changes to northwest-southeast, with a deviation of 30–40° from true north. We expected that the direction of the only visible global landmark, and, of course all the local landmarks, would result in similar pointing errors. In the first test series they were asked to point/draw toward salient urban landmarks in the city, that is in environmental space. In the second test series they pointed towards important cities in a large, geographical space. Finally, they once again indicated the direction of true North in the same geographic space.Our results are consistent with previous research (Frankenstein et al. 2012) that the participants had a clear sense of geographical North learned from maps, moreover, contradicting our expectations, the misleading course of the Danube and local geometry had little effect on the overall high accuracy of pointing to North. However, a few result deviated from the average and suggested high individual differences, presumably due to different spatial thinking strategies of participants. Test subjects living longer in Budapest had a much better sense of North, supporting the importance of learned components in this directional knowledge. Our experiment in the physical world resulted in supporting evidence that North is present in human cognitive map as the cardinal direction for orientation. The implications of the results of our experiment should be considered relevant when designing new maps and user interfaces. Another important result, our experiment suggest that local and global reference frames are not separate systems, but structured hierarchically and integrated in spatial orientation tasks. Although egocentric view may support direct scene recognition and object identification cartographers should construct navigational maps with geographic reference frame as well, especially in the case of extensive and complex environmental/geographical spaces, because these are still learned first from north oriented maps. The long tradition of paper maps, the history of cartography has a lasting effect of human understanding of the physical and virtual worlds.