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1
Lorentzos, Michelle Sarah. "The Psychiatry of Paediatric Movement Disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20602.
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I compared the rate of psychiatric comorbidity in children with Non-tic movement disorders to children with tics and TS. In addition, this PhD explores whether children with Non-tic movement disorders have elevated rates of psychiatry compared to other hospital populations, including Emergency patients and other Neurology patients, as well as a healthy community control group. My hypothesis was that children with Non-tic movement disorders would have rates of psychiatric comorbidities that are similar to children with tics and TS.To examine this hypothesis, I recruited children between the ages of 5 and 16 years from Neurology clinics at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Australia, and Great Ormond Street Hospital, United Kingdom, for the following two movement disorder groups: tic movement disorder cohort (consisting of patients with tics and Tourette Syndrome, n=158) and Non-tic movement disorder cohort, (consisting of patients with all other movement disorders, n=102). An additional 137 patients were recruited for two clinical control groups: the Emergency department control cohort (n=100) and the Neurology control cohort including children with peripheral neuropathy or epilepsy (n=37). In addition, data from 10,438 British children were included as a retrospective community control. All patients were screened for psychiatric comorbidities using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment Tool (DAWBA). My primary outcome was that the difference in the rate of psychiatric comorbidity in the Non-tic cohort (39.2%) and the Tic cohort (41.8%) was not statically significant. Importantly, the rate of psychiatric comorbidity in the Non-tic cohort was more than four times the rate of psychiatric diagnosis observed in the large retrospective community cohort (9.5%) (p<0.00001). This is the largest study to date exploring psychiatry in children with paediatric dystonia (n=66) and psychiatric comorbidities occurred in 33.3% of these patients. In conclusion, this study recognises that children with non-tic movement disorders are just as vulnerable to psychiatric comorbidities as children with tics and TS. This new evidence may encourage clinicians to consider screening for psychiatric comorbidities in their movement disorder patients, therefore allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
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Von, Tersch Elise. "Modified Eye Movement Desensitization Therapy Protocol Treating Substance Abuse Disorders." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7346.
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Quality substance abuse treatment is needed to help fight the battle against drug addiction. This qualitative study was designed to explore some of the approaches to eye movement desensitization (EMDR) therapy that therapists trained in Parnell's adapted EMDR model use in conjunction with treatment for addictions. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to investigate the experience of therapists who incorporate substance abuse treatment with Parnell's adapted EMDR model when treating trauma and substance use disorders. The population studied comprised licensed mental health therapists who had completed Parnell's EMDR training and implemented Parnell's modified EMDR protocol in their professional practice. The data from 9 participant interviews were coded and NVIVO data analysis software was used to identify key concepts and themes including deviations from Parnell's modified protocol, incorporating addiction treatment within the modified protocol, and the importance of the resourcing phase in the modified protocol. The study findings provided a deeper understanding of the types of addiction therapies that therapists are using in conjunction with Parnell's EMDR model. The results also showed that that participants perceived Parnell's EMDR model, combined with addiction therapeutic techniques and approaches, as beneficial in treating those with trauma and substance use disorders. By integrating addiction therapies with Parnell's EMDR protocol, EMDR certified trainers may better educate EMDR trainees about useful strategies for treating dual diagnosed clients. The strategies may shorten the client's time in treatment and provide a strong foundation for therapists as they conduct therapy for dual diagnosed people.
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Pilli, Deepti. "The Autoimmune T cell Response Against the Dopamine-2 Receptor in Movement and Psychiatric Disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22465.
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Autoimmunity and immune dysregulation are associated with a subset of movement and psychiatric disorders. This paradigm is largely supported by the discovery of autoantibodies against neuronal antigens, like the dopamine-2 receptor (D2R). T cells are a prominent cell subset in the immune system, however, their role in these diseases is unknown. Herein, we identified and characterised D2R-specific T cells in movement and psychiatric disorders in children and adults. In children with suspected autoimmune or neurodevelopmental movement and psychiatric disorders (n=24), activated D2R-specific T cells were detected in 8/24 (33%) patients when their peripheral blood was stimulated with a library of D2R peptides and assessed for CD25+CD134+CD4+ T cells via flow cytometry. The D2R-specific T cells recognised three immunodominant regions: aa121-131, aa171-181, and aa396-416. These regions were predicted with computational methods to bind with high affinity to the HLA of D2R-specific T cell positive patients and were associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines that characterise Th1 and Th17 cells, as quantified by a cytometric bead array and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The eight D2R-specific T cell-positive patients were seronegative for D2R antibodies, as evaluated with the flow cytometry live cell-based assay. These findings on autoreactive T cells in children formed the basis for investigating D2R-specific T cells in adults with isolated dystonia, a movement disorder that is often idiopathic and has been associated with impaired dopamine signalling. In adults with dystonia (n=20), activated D2R-specific T cells were detected in 6/20 (30%) patients via flow cytometry after stimulation with seven immunogenic regions of D2R. A subset of the D2R-specific T cell-positive patients had activated CD39+ Treg cells (2/6) and 1/6 D2R-specific T cell-positive patient concomitantly harboured activated CXCR5+ Tfh cells and D2R antibodies. In summary, this thesis offers new insights into autoreactive T cells against D2R in the movement and psychiatric disorders. Our observations encourage studies to further understand explore T cell dysregulation to better identify novel subsets of movement and psychiatric disorders and have clinical implications in improving diagnosis and treatment.
4
Sinmaz, Nese. "Analysis of the binding specificity of dopamine-2 receptor antibodies in paediatric autoimmune movement and psychiatric disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17569.
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Over the last decade, multiple autoantibodies targeting brain proteins and receptors have been identified in adults and children. Autoantibody exposure in the brain can lead to transient or permanent behavioural or cognitive abnormalities. Current treatment options for autoimmune brain-reactive autoantibody-associated diseases include global immunosuppressive therapies, but these can have severe side effects, and are not always efficacious. Understanding the nature and specificity of brain autoantibodies may reveal potential therapeutic strategies alleviating or preventing the neurological pathologies and behavioural abnormalities associated with antibody-mediated brain disorders. Recently, anti-dopamine-2 receptor (D2R) antibodies have been identified in a subgroup of children with autoimmune movement and psychiatric disorders. D2R is an important brain receptor involved a variety of functions including voluntary movement, learning, memory, attention, and hormonal regulation. Currently, knowledge of the function of D2R tertiary structures, including the extracellular N-terminus, is limited, and its role in autoantibody binding is unknown. Here we report a major biological role for D2R extracellular N-terminus as a regulator of receptor surface availability, and as a major epitope targeted in brain autoimmunity. Human embryonic kidney cells were transfected with D2R mutants modified in their extracellular domains, and the level of cell surface expression and epitope specificity of 35 anti-D2R antibody-positive patient sera were analysed using a quantitative flow cytometry assay. We found that N-glycosylation at amino acids N5 and/or N17 was critical for high surface expression via interaction with the last 15 residues of extracellular D2R N-terminus. No anti-D2R antibody-positive patient sera bound to the three extracellular loops, but all patient sera (35/35) targeted the extracellular N-terminus. Overall, patient antibody binding was dependent on two main regions encompassing amino acids 20 to 29, and 23 to 37. Residues 20 to 29 contributed to the majority of binding (77 %, 27/35), among which sera from 26 % (7/27) of patients bound to amino acids R20, P21, and F22, 37 % (10/27) patient sera binding was dependent on residues at positions 26 and 29, and 30% (8/27) sera required R20, P21, F22, N23, D26, and A29. Seven patient sera bound to the region 23 to 37 independently of D26 and A29, but most sera exhibited N-glycosylation-independent epitope recognition at N23. Interestingly, no evident segregation of binding pattern according to patient clinical phenotypes was observed. Finally, we describe the optimisation of a method for single-cell isolation and RT-PCR for the generation of monoclonal antibodies. D2R N-terminus is a central epitope in autoimmune movement and psychiatric disorders, and this knowledge could help the design of novel specific immune therapies tailored to improve patient outcome.
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Carmany, Johanna. "Dance as Treatment for Orthorexia Nervosa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1834.
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This project presents dance as treatment for Orthorexia Nervosa, an eating disorder defined as an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating. Eating disorders disconnect body, mind, and spirit of an individual, and dance therapeutically connects these aspects. The specific effects of orthorexia on the body, mind, and spirit are analyzed; supported by evidence from research sources such as literature of books and scholarly journals, videos, an interview with board-certified dance/movement therapist Rachel Gonick-Mefferd, and a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas Doyle, in which he supplied a case study exemplifying dance as treatment for orthorexia. Conclusively, eating disorders and specifically orthorexia affect one’s entire being — physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual health — and interfere with one’s entire life and daily functioning. Dance, as a holistic therapeutic approach, is effective in addressing and remedying every single one of these elements, healing one’s whole self. Therefore, it is suggested that dance may be an effective treatment for orthorexia.
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Soda, Takahiro. "Converging biochemical pathways in psychiatric disorders." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73775.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
According to the World Health Organization, neuropsychiatric diseases account for approximately one third of years lost to disability. Yet, despite this huge disease burden, there is a lack of new treatments under development: approved treatments all essentially target the same target(s), if the target itself is known. There is now considerable evidence for a common set of heritable risk for psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, as well as autism. Many of these risk alleles affect genes implicated in neuronal development with known roles at an early stage; these genes would have an effect on the individual before the onset of overt symptoms or diagnosis. Furthermore, many of the genes identified are known to participate in established pathways that are relevant for neuronal development and function. It is important then to address the causality between these signaling pathways that are important for neurodevelopment, and the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorder. The work presented in this thesis represents two projects that aim to work toward this goal. The first project pertains to the mechanisms of transcriptional repression by DISC1 on ATF4-mediated gene transcription. The second project presents some initial steps towards uncovering the role of BCL9 in neuronal development.
by Takahiro Soda.
Ph.D.
7
Nika, O. M. "Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18745.
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Osuna, Bradley J. "Self-Constitution and Mild Psychiatric Disorders." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1588339343277725.
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Diorio, Diane Lynn. "Peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in psychiatric disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55676.
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Dodwell, D. J. F. "Neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders following head injury." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306085.
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Kalweit, Kerry. "Prioritisation of candidate genes for psychiatric disorders." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21223.
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The application of genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing has had
limited success in identifying causal genes for complex diseases. Bipolar disorder is one such
disease whose aetiology has not been elucidated despite the application of these technologies.
Candidate gene prioritisation offers a solution to limit the vast amount of possible candidate
genes produced from the combination of data sources. Current prioritisation tools rely heavily on
previous data and thus do not perform well for poorly characterised diseases such as bipolar
disorder. Here we have developed Data Integrated Genetics, DIG, a new candidate gene
prioritisation tool designed specifically for complex genetic diseases. Given a user-specified
disease query, DIG initially data-mines literature, linkage, homolog and sequence data to create
a pool of possible candidates. The tool filters out likely false positives by removing pseudogenes.
A unique data integration method is used to rank the remaining list of genes. Additionally,
ranking is validated by tissue expression and single nucleotide polymorphism annotation. DIG
exhibited comparable performance to existing tools when evaluated with four complex diseases.
Eight novel genes were identified when DIG was applied to bipolar disorder, of which the
Huntingtin gene poses as an exciting avenue for new aetiology research. The ease of use and
realistic number of possible candidates given in the DIG results make this tool highly useful for
research application in the study of complex genetic diseases. DIG is freely available from
http://www.cbio.uct.ac.za/DIG.
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Lyons, Christina M. "Living with persistent psychiatric disorders : the social realities." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388838.
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Krishnamoorthy, Ennapadam Srinivas. "Epidemiology and assessment of psychiatric disorders in epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446420/.
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This thesis addresses two important research questions. First, are common mental disorders commoner in epilepsy? Second, what are the instruments of psychiatric research that may be employed to assess psychiatric disorders in epilepsy? Two studies were conducted as part of this thesis: the first a primary care-based case-control study, and second, a study among institutionalised patients with epilepsy. Both studies used several psychiatric measures, and compared them with two gold standards: ICD-10 Criteria and "clinical significance" ratings. Common mental disorders were significantly commoner in the epilepsy group than among controls. The instruments tested demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity, and we present revised cut-off scores for epilepsy populations. Psychiatric symptoms specific to epilepsy were good predictors of psychiatric caseness. The psychiatric measures used appeared to correlate better with clinical significance ratings than with ICD-10 criteria. Psychiatric co-morbidity rather than seizure severity had a significant impact on subjective handicap. The institutional study revealed high rates of psychiatric co-morbidity, significantly more in patients with cognitive impairment. While different measures were correlated for overall psychiatric caseness, individual symptom categories were poorly correlated. An exploratory factor analysis of the NPI yielded a reliable and interpretable four-factor solution indicating good content validity. However, no measure appeared to perform well, against either "clinical significance or ICD-10 ratings, indicating poor concurrent validity. These studies show that psychiatric co-morbidity is over-represented in epilepsy, and that it has a significant impact on disablement. Symptom-based measures of psychological burden may be more sensitive than conventional criteria in identifying psychiatric disorders in epilepsy. Both these studies favour the "clinical significance" approach in assessing patients with epilepsy. The burden of epilepsy specific psychiatric co-morbidity must also be explored systematically in future studies. The results from these studies underline the need for public health planners to address mental health issues in epilepsy.
14
Deitz, M., and Stacey L. Williams. "Multiple Traumas and Psychiatric Disorders in South Africa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8117.
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Woodward, Clare Louise. "Processing trauma : studies into post-traumatic stress disorder, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and post-traumatic growth." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2901/.
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While PTSD results in various symptomatology, key characteristics concern a sense of being "stuck" on the trauma which keeps the person reliving it through thoughts, feelings and images and a need to avoid anything which reminds them of the trauma. Such avoidance is suggested to prevent the opportunity for processing and integrating the distressing material. One key clinical question is how to help the person work through their trauma without them becoming overwhelmed by trauma symptoms? Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new technique that has been reported to help PTSD sufferers reduce the intensity and intrusiveness of traumatic thoughts and images. Despite the growing clinical evidence of the effectiveness of EMDR, a strong debate exists within the research literature regarding its empirical and theoretical validity. One aspect of this dissertation is an experimental study looking at the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing and testing a working memory model of "distress reduction". Of course not everyone who experiences a traumatic event will go on to develop PTSD. An often neglected area of trauma investigation is how some individuals experience positive change and personal growth as a result of their traumatic experiences. This is an area that is now beginning to receive some attention and has been termed Posttraumatic Growth (PTG). The move away from looking exclusively at the impact of trauma to consider how people who have experienced trauma might construct a more positive understanding of themselves in the light of the trauma forms the main section of this dissertation. This exploratory study uses personal experience narratives of posttraumatic growth.
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Stoep, Ann Vander. "Transition to adulthood for adolescents with psychiatric disorder /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10944.
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Schneider, Katja Susanne Annika. "Electrophysiological biomarkers in genetic movement disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15926/.
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Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are diseases of the nervous system with progressive course leading to death. Treatment remains symptomatic. Development of neuroprotective agents has been hampered for various reasons. This includes the inability of making the diagnosis accurately early in the course and the lack of reliable disease progression markers which could be used in future treatment trials. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and pain-free method for assessment of brain function. Methods: Here we evaluated TMS and its potential of serving as a reliable biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases with genetic cause. After clinical delineation of our patient cohorts with Huntington's chorea and young-onset Parkin-related Parkinsonism, we enrolled both patients as well as asymptomatic/presymptomatic gene-carriers. Patients, carriers and age-matched healthy controls were studied using TMS to establish an electrophysiological footprint of these conditions. Results: We found abnormalities in electrophysiological parameters which were present in manifesting patients and/or non-manifesting gene mutation carriers. In HD, both presymptomatic and early manifest patients had increased resting and active motor cortex thresholds. Short afferent inhibition (SAI), a measure of sensory-motor integration, was reduced in manifesting patients only. SAI changes were inversely correlated with clinical parameters like predicted years to onset and UHDRS motor score. Abnormalities in Parkin patients included prolonged central motor conduction time (CMCT), while thresholds and cortical inhibitory activity were normal. Asymptomatic carriers had increased motor thresholds and abnormal inhibitory measures (SICI recruitment) while CMCT was normal. Conclusion: We conclude that TMS may be a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative genetic diseases: 1) to detect changes early in the disease course and to monitor disease progression; 2) to help differentiating between clinically similar diseases on the basis of certain electrophysiological patterns; and 3) to give insight into underlying mechanisms of the disorders studied. Our findings suggest the potential for future research.
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Parees, Moreno I. "Pathophysiology of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1466184/.
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This thesis describes a series of studies involving healthy subjects, carefully selected patients with functional movement disorders and organic movement disorders, in which different aspect of the mechanism underlying functional movement disorders were explored: 1. The presence of physical precipitating factors at onset of functional movement disorder by using semistructured interviews. I found that most patients with functional movement disorder have a clear physical event prior to the onset of functional symptoms. 2. The presence of a “jumping to conclusions” reasoning style that may predispose patients with functional movement disorder to accept new hypothesis on the basis of less evidence. They requested less evidence that healthy controls to make a judgement, which is here suggested to influence the manner in which they process novel sensory data occurring during triggering events. 3. The role of attention in symptoms production by using different motor tasks in which the predictability of movements as well as the effect of explicit and implicit strategies in motor control were manipulated. Motor impairment in patients with functional movement disorder was found to be related to the employment of explicit strategies or when pre-planning movements is possible. 4. The intensity and duration of tremor in patients with functional tremor in a real life situation using accelerometers. They were found to fail to perceive 6 that tremor is not present most of the time compared with patients with organic tremor. 5. Finally, I explored the phenomenon of the sensory attenuation using a force-matching task as a measure of sense of agency for movement in these patients. Patients with functional movement disorders have an abnormal sensory attenuation for movement, which may help to explain the lack of agency for the abnormal movement. These results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying functional movement disorders and by extension, other functional neurological symptoms, and demonstrate that they are amenable to neuroscientific study.
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Desta, Menelik. "Epidemiology of child psychiatric disorders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1585.
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Wallace, Joanne. "Understanding the neurobiology of executive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1720.
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Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterised by deficits in cognitive function, particularly in those executive functions subserved by the prefrontal cortex. In order to further our understanding of the neuropathophysiology of cognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders, this thesis examined structural and functional changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rodent models mimicking some aspects of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Chosen models were subchronic phencyclidine (PCP), chronic administration of corticosterone to flatten the glucocorticoid rhythm (CORT) and maternal immune activation (MIA). These models mimic glutamate hypofunction, hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis dysfunction and maternal infection, respectively. Behavioural studies established that PCP induced a selective deficit in attentional set shifting whilst CORT and MIA induced reversal learning deficits. In vitro electrophysiological studies established a novel model for measuring synaptic transmission in the infralimbic (IL) region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Synaptic transmission was shown to be mediated by glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and to be subject to inhibitory modulation by serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA). Differential changes in both basal synaptic transmission and in the monoaminergic modulation of synaptic transmission were evident in the three animal models. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the three animal models induced differential changes in the numbers of particular subtypes of GABAergic interneurones, suggesting that GABAergic activity in the mPFC was altered. These studies demonstrate that models of select features of psychiatric disorders, glutamate hypofunction, HPA axis dysfunction, and prenatal infection, induce deficits in executive function present in psychiatric disorders. These differential behavioural outcomes might be explained by differential changes in synaptic transmission in the mPFC and in the expression of GABAergic interneurones in the mPFC induced in the three models.
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Hübner, M. "The utility of immune cells for studying psychiatric disorders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603911.
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This work will present and discuss the utility of immune cells as a cellular model for studying psychiatric disorders. Novel strategic approaches in the field of psychiatry combining non-hypothesis driven global protein profiling with targeted functional analysis were applied in order to identify and classify dysregulated cellular biological process associated with a given disease. This was achieved by using a combination of modern technologies such as mass spectrometry, flow cytometry or multiple enzyme-linked immunosorbent systems. Peripheral blood monoclonal cells, cell supernatants and serum were the main source of investigation providing an easily accessible peripheral model to study functional aspects of the disorders that could be related back to brain. Applying this combination of techniques together with cellular mechanism of action studies the results outlined in this work show that this is a successful approach for the identification of novel altered pathways and the molecules involved therein. These pathways provide further knowledge on the still enigmatic molecular mechanisms and contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology underlying these mental disorders. They also open new avenues for future investigations on the improvement of therapeutic strategies. Moreover, it is shown, that some of these molecules have the potential to qualify for diagnostic biomarkers, a first step in the direction towards achieving an un-biased and objective diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses.
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Krishnamurthy, Divya. "Analysis of the human pituitary gland in psychiatric disorders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609379.
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Ordway, Gregory A. "Neuropathology of Central Norepinephrine in Psychiatric Disorders: Postmortem Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8613.
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The postmortem human brain as a tool to study central nervous system disease Abnormalities in noradrenergic transmission are likely to play a role in behavioral expressions of a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The extent to which these abnormalities are pathognomonic, or even principal pathological features contributing to the illness, remains debatable. Interest in the potential for pathological abnormalities in central norepinephrine in central nervous system (CNS) disorders derives from the three general observations: (1) disruption of behaviors known to be heavily influenced by noradrenergic transmission that are associated with the illness; (2) demonstration that pharmacological manipulation of noradrenergic transmission can precipitate, modify, or alleviate symptoms of these disorders; and (3) certain CNS disorders are characterized pathologically by a loss of noradrenergic neurons in the brain. Research on the pathology of central noradrenergic systems in CNS diseases and their relationship to behavioral alterations utilizes a variety of techniques, most of which are technically indirect, given that we currently are unable to directly measure noradrenergic neuron activity, noradrenergic receptor signaling, or norepinephrine release in vivo in living humans. In vivo imaging methods now permit investigators to measure occupancy of certain receptors, but application of these methods specifically to noradrenergic proteins, such as receptors, enzymes or transporters, has been limited.
One method to study the role of norepinephrine in the CNS disorders is to utilize postmortem brain tissue from subjects with a given psychiatric or neurological condition.
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Song, Li-Yu. "Psychopathology and substance abuse among adolescents with psychiatric disorders." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060701449.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Relations between Primary Psychiatric Disorders, Psychotropic Medications, and Tinnitus." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1965.
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Taliaferro, Linda Kay. "Psychiatric Disorders as Potential Predictors in Medical Disease Development." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/939.
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Millions of individuals suffer disability or death from immune-based inflammatory diseases. If psychiatric disorders could be empirically linked to the prediction of immune-based inflammatory diseases, there would be a basis for promoting disease prevention measures for individuals diagnosed with one of four psychiatric disorders. Psychoneuroimmunology provided the theoretical base for understanding emotionally induced medical disease development. In this quantitative study, a parallel archival research design was used to investigate the degree to which generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression recurrent, and dysthymic disorder predicted the presence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and type II diabetes. There were 1,209 electronic medical records of adult patients obtained through purposive stratified sampling. A secondary data analysis was employed using descriptive cross tabulation, chi-square test of independence, and multinomial logistic regression. The findings revealed major depression recurrent was a statistically significant predictor for atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type II diabetes and cancer. Generalized anxiety disorder was a statistically significant predictor for cancer. The results can promote positive social change by providing information that could be used to develop assessment plans that identity individuals who are at risk of developing the comorbid diseases. The prevention programs could effectively be used to minimize the subsequent development of inflammatory diseases, which in turn could decrease the onset of the medical diseases among individuals with psychiatric disorders.
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Hart, Stephen David. "Diagnosis of psychopathy in a forensic psychiatric population." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26835.
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Both researchers and clinicians, especially those working in criminal populations, have long suggested that psychopathy (or antisocial personality disorder) and schizophrenia are associated on an etiological or on some other level (e.g., Eysenck and Eysenck, 1976, 1978). Others (Hare, 1984; Hare and Harpur, 1986; Raine, 1985) argue that psychopathy is not associated (or even negatively associated) with other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. To evaluate these competing positions concerning the psychopathy-schizophrenia association, 80 male prisoners remanded to a forensic psychiatric institute for assessment of their fitness to stand trial were diagnosed using both the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL; Hare, 1980, 1985a) and DSM-III Axis I and II criteria. In addition, clinical global ratings and self-report inventories were used to measure the strength of psychopathy- and schizophrenia-related traits. The results indicated that: a) although diagnoses of psychopathy (according to PCL criteria) did not have perfect specificity with respect to schizophrenia-related clinical diagnoses, the overlap was small, and the PCL scales were either not associated or negatively associated with these disorders; b) diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (APD, according to DSM-III criteria) were generally not associated with schizophrenia-related disorders, but had lower clinical specificity than did the PCL criteria with respect to both schizophrenia-related and other psychiatric disorders; c) there was no association between psychopathy- and schizophrenia-related clinical ratings; d) psychopathy and APD diagnoses and clinical ratings were not related to scores on other standard rating scales of the severity of psychiatric symptomatology; and e) there was no difference between schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic subjects in the strength of psychopathy-related traits, and no difference between psychopaths and nonpsychopaths (or APD versus non-APD subjects) in the strength of schizophrenia-related traits. As well, self-report measures related to psychopathy and schizophrenia did not correlate with each other, or with clinical ratings of the two disorders. The results are interpreted as supporting the view that psychopathy is not positively associated with schizophrenia or with psychiatric disorder in general. The practical utility of various techniques for assessing psychopathy in forensic psychiatric populations is also discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Rice, Judy A. "Dissociative Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7608.
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Book Summary:This is the only advanced practice guide to provide an overview of the major DSM-5 disorders across the lifespan and complete clinical guidelines for their psychopharmacologic management. It has been compiled by expert practitioners in psychiatric care and is designed for use by nurse practitioners and other primary caregivers in clinical practice.
The guide is organized in an easy-to-access format with disorders for which drugs can play a significant therapeutic role. The listing for each disorder includes clinical features and symptoms, as well as information about the most current and effective drugs for management. A clearly formatted table identifies the first and second lines of drug therapy along with adjunctive therapies for each disorder. Drugs are organized according to classification, and each listing provides the essential information needed to safely prescribe and monitor a patient's response to a particular drug. Brand and generic names, drug class, customary dosage, side effects, drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, precautions, and management of special populations are addressed. Convenient, practical, and portable, this guide will be a welcome and frequently used resource.
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Rice, Judy A. "Dissociative Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7609.
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Book Summary: This quick reference serves as an authoritative clinical guide to diagnostic treatment and monitoring recommendations for patients with mental disorders in the primary care setting. It offers fast and efficient access to evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for managing psychiatric and mental health conditions. The book guides family and adult advanced practice nurses in making clinical decisions that are supported by the best available evidence, reflecting current research and expert consensus. Additionally, researchers may use this book to identify important clinical questions where more research could be conducted to improve treatment decision making.
This comprehensive text is organized by major diagnostic categories, such as anxiety disorders, with specific diagnoses organized alphabetically within each category. It supports informed practice, which increases confidence in differential diagnosis, safe and effective treatment decision making, reliable treatment monitoring and, ultimately, improved patient outcomes. Additionally, DSM-IV-TR diagnostic standard summaries and ICD-9 codes are incorporated for use in the clinical setting. It is an essential resource in everyday practice for all health care providers.
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Isaacs, Sedick. "The epidemiology of mild psychiatric disorders : the effect of social support, community cohesion and political dissent behaviour on mild psychiatric morbidity." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25999.
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Ericksen, Glenda Joy. "Psychiatric sequelae of rape: a hospital sample." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26265.
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Poe, Mimi Margaret. "Folk Conceptions of Mental Disorders." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626544.
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Arcelus, Jon. "Psychiatric disorders in children attending a primary mental health service." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31219.
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A number of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) have established primary mental health worker (PMHW) posts. Their objective is to enhance service provision on the interface between primary care and specialists services. This is to be achieved by a combination of direct assessment and intervention, in addition to consultation, training, liaison, and joint work with Tier 1 professionals.;The aim of this study was to describe socio-demographic characteristics, and the rates of psychiatric disorders of the children attending the primary mental Health Service. The K-SDAS-P IVR semi-structured interview, the Eyberg Behavioural Inventory, and the Parental Stress Index were used to collect this information. During the year of the study, 427 children were referred to the Primary Mental Health Service. Of these referrals, 117 (27.4%) were allocated for direct work. From the 117 cases, 97 children and their families agreed to participate in the study. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) was the most common diagnosis. Other diagnoses were Anxiety (39.2%), Mood (35.1%) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorders (28.9%). There was a substantial rate of psychiatric co-morbidity, as 61.8% of the children who participated in the study fulfilled diagnostic criteria for more than one diagnosis. The study also found that 76% of their parents had clinically significant stress levels.;It is concluded that children and adolescents attending Primary mental health Services often have complex psychiatric disorders, which may be masked by behavioural problems. Training in the recognition of likely psychiatric co-morbidity and integration of PMHWs in specialist CAMHS are important implications in the planning and implementation of such services.
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Power, Robert. "Genetic and environmental predictors of psychiatric disorders and related traits." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/genetic-and-environmental-predictors-of-psychiatric-disorders-and-related-traits(7710c129-0439-4e8b-8fc9-69fe045fea2d).html.
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Psychiatric disorders pose a major economic and health burden worldwide. Family and twin studies indicate strong genetic influences, with estimates suggesting substantial variance in liability is heritable. However known genetic risk variants for psychiatric disorders explain only a small fraction of the heritability estimated from twin studies, leaving the underlying genetic aetiology largely unknown. Given the wide range in prevalence, age at onsets, and gender ratios seen across psychiatric disorders it is reasonable to expect that different genetic architectures exist for each disorder. Thus the underlying genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders remains an open question, with large potential implications for identifying predictive genetic risk variants, redefining diagnostic criteria, and developing novel drug targets. This thesis focuses on combining epidemiological, genetic and environmental data to answer the questions surrounding the genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders. Initial analysis of epidemiological measures surprisingly identified that major depression was not under negative selection, a finding that was then confirmed through analysis of genotypic data. These results suggested the potential role of gene-environment interactions as an adaptive mechanism for variants contributing risk to depression, and were followed up by studies focusing on identifying such interactions. The conclusion of the thesis was though no gene-environmental interaction could be found to explain how the risk variants for major depression avoided negative selection, this was likely due in part to substantial gene-environment correlation in the reporting and experiencing of environmental risk factors in psychiatric disorders which would confound such analyses. Further these gene-environment correlations likely confound epidemiological associations identifying ‘environmental’ risks, such as between cannabis and schizophrenia.
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Noma, Shun'ichi. "Psychosocial predictors of psychiatric disorders after living donor liver transplantation." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135925.
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Church, Andrew John. "Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in movement disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444607/.
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Sydenham's chorea (SC) is a neurological manifestation following group A Streptococcus infection (GABHS) and has been proposed as an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. Other movement and psychiatric manifestations following GABHS have been recognised and termed Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections (PANDAS). It is proposed that PANDAS may be caused by the same antibody as SC. As the symptoms of PANDAS are identical to Tourette's syndrome (TS), the possibility that TS might turn out to be an autoimmune disorder has implications for the treatment and understanding of these disorders. Evidence of GABHS was found in all patients with SC and PANDAS and 60% of patients with TS. Autoantibodies against basal ganglia (ABGA) were found in all acute SC and PANDAS patients. Only 25% of TS patients were ABGA positive. There was little evidence for ABGA in controls. There was a higher prevalence of ABGA in systemic diseases associated with GABHS but this did not reach significance. ABGA bound to proteins with molecular weights (40, 45, 60 and 98 kDa) and these responses were variably found in SC, PANDAS and TS. The identification of these antigens proved to be problematic due to contamination with other proteins with the same molecular weights. Neurone specific enolase (NSE) was identified as one of the antigens. As this protein was not specific to basal ganglia it cast doubt as to the specificity of ABGA. Interestingly, however, enolase is also found on the surface of GABHS and has extensive homology with human enolase, thus lending support to the possibility of molecular mimicry derived autoimmunity.
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Valente, Enza Maria. "Movement disorders : a clinical and genetic study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405854.
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Kobylecki, Christopher. "Neural Mechanisms in Disorders of Abnormal Movement." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518892.
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Kumar, Kishore Raj. "Advances in genetic studies for movement disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12129.
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Aims: We investigated the genes causing Parkinson disease (PD), dystonia and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Methods: We performed Sanger sequencing of the GBA, VPS35, PRRT2 and GNAL genes. We sought to identify the cause of ‘hereditary whispering dysphonia’ (DYT4). We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with a complex neurological phenotype using next generation sequencing (NGS). We also used ‘targeted’ NGS to screen for a genetic diagnosis in patients with HSP. Results: The findings were as follows; i) GBA mutations were associated with increased susceptibility to PD in a Serbian sample, ii) a VPS35 mutation was identified in a patient with an ‘idiopathic’ PD phenotype, iii) a PRRT2 mutation was found to cause both paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and benign infantile seizures, iv) two patients with craniocervical dystonia had mutations in GNAL, v) TUBB4 was identified as the DYT4 gene, vi), an OPA3 mutation was identified in the Pakistani family using a process known as ‘reverse phenotyping’, and vii) we demonstrated that targeted NGS can be a useful diagnostic strategy in HSP. Conclusion: We determined the mutation frequency and clinical phenotype in recently identified movement disorder genes, and showed that NGS has an important role for both gene discovery and clinical diagnosis.
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Modisane, L. N. "Relationship between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders in patients admitted at Dr George Mukhari Hospital Psychiatric Unit." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/442.
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Thesis (M Med (Psychiatry))--University of Limpopo, 2010.BACKGROUND Cannabis is the commonly used illicit drug of choice in South Africa and throughout the world. The majority of individuals who use cannabis do not report adverse reactions to it, however a minority of heavy users will develop problems. A substantial number of patients admitted at our psychiatry unit seem to be using cannabis. AIMS The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between cannabis use in psychiatric disorders in patients admitted in George Mukhari Hospital Psychiatry Unit, to determine the pattern of cannabis use, to identify the common psychiatric disorders in patients using cannabis, to determine the socio-economic factors that may lead to cannabis use. METHODS A total of 75 participants admitted at Doctor George Mukhari hospital and diagnosed with psychiatric disorders according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition text revised were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and had urine specimens collected for analysis. Out of 75 participants a control group of 34 participants who tested negative for urinary cannabinoids were interviewed. The participants had signed a written informed consent in their language of preference. The study had been approved by the Research Ethics and Publications Committee of the University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus).Data was analysed with the help of the statistician and reported on graphs, pie-charts and tables. RESULTS 16(39%) of participants who tested positive were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 7 (17%) of those who tested positive were diagnosed with cannabis induced psychotic disorder, 5(12%) of those tested positive were diagnosed with psychosis due to GMC (HIV) and 6(15%) were diagnosed with psychosis due GMC (epilepsy). 8(24%) of those who tested negative were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 15(44%) of those tested negative were diagnosed with cannabis induced psychotic disorder, 2(6%) were diagnosed with psychosis due to GMC (HIV) and to 2(6%) of those who tested negative were diagnosed with psychosis due to GMC (epilepsy). Majority 24 (32%) smoked cannabis using pipes 4-5 times, 19 (25%) used zols 4-5 times, 12(16%) used pipes 2-3 times, 11(14%) used 1 zol in the 30 days prior to the interview. Most of the participants were of low socio-economic status and had started using cannabis early in their lives. CONCLUSION Cannabis use is related to a number of psychiatric disorders in patients admitted at Dr George Mukhari Hospital. Schizophrenia, cannabis induced psychotic disorder, psychosis due to GMC (HIV), psychosis due to epilepsy were the commonest identified disorders.
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Ferwana, Mazen Saleh. "Effect of psychiatric training course on general practitioner's ability to detect psychiatric disorders, and their attitudes towards these disorders : Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274247.
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Msiska, Manson Mwachande. "Rate of psychiatric readmissions and associated factors at Saint John of God Psychiatric Hospital in Mzuzu, Malawi." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31105.
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Background: Globally, studies have established that 40-50% of psychiatric patients with SMDs are readmitted within one year of discharge from the acute hospital admission. Lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Malawi have also reported high rates of psychiatric readmissions. This poses challenges when providing psychiatric care to patients. Most of Malawi`s health institutions, including Saint John of God Psychiatric Hospital (SJOG), rely primarily on donor funding. In order to maximise the available donor funding, there is a need to reduce readmissions resulting from modifiable or controlled factors. There are no studies in Malawi which have investigated these risk factors. The study aimed to establish the frequency of readmissions and the associated factors among patients at SJOG Psychiatric Hospital in Mzuzu, Malawi. The specific areas examined were sociodemographic and clinical-related factors associated with readmission. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort case record review study. Two hundred and seventy five clinical files of patients admitted for the first time at SJOG Psychiatric Hospital Mzuzu, Malawi between 1 January, 2014 and 31 December, 2015 were extracted. Data on socio-demographics and clinical information were collected using an extraction sheet at 3, 6 and 12 months post-discharge from the acute (first) hospital admission. Logistic regression models were developed to investigate the associations between socio-demographics, clinicalrelated factors and readmissions. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of Cape Town. Approval to conduct this research in Malawi was obtained from the National Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee. Results: Readmission rates of 1.5%, 4.4%, and 11.3% were found within the 3, 6 and 12 months of discharge from the acute hospital admission respectively. None of the independent variables predicted readmission within the 3 month of discharge from the acute hospital admission. In the unadjusted logistic regression model, having children (OR=0.26, 95% C.I 0.07-0.96) protected against readmissions within the 6 month of follow-up period. In the unadjusted logistic regression model, having children (OR= 0.40, 95% C.I 0.18-0.88), staying outside the hospital catchment area (OR=0.44, 95% C.I 0.20-0.96), and having insight (OR=0.22, 95% C.I 0.10-0.49) into their illness were protective factors to readmission, while taking SGAs (OR=4.67, 95% C.I 1.33-16.39) predicted readmission within the 12 month follow-up period. After adjusting for age and gender in the multivariable analysis, staying outside catchment area (OR=0.33, 95% C.I 0.14-0.79) and having insight (OR=0.19, 95% C.I 0.08-0.46) to their illness were protective factors, while taking SGAs (OR=5.29, 95% C.I 1.43-19.51) remained a predictor of readmission within 12 months of discharge from the acute admission. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that readmissions are associated with socio-demographic and clinical factors such as catchment area, patient insight into their condition and type of antipsychotics. The study identifies the need to develop interventions targeting the groups at risk of being readmitted.
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Winn, S. "The geography of old age mental disorders in Nottingham." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370533.
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Pan, Peng, and Qing Li. "Mental disorder : A qualitative study of treatment and professional methods in modern Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14019.
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This essay is a qualitative research analysis that aims to increase knowledge and understanding of how people with mental disorder be treated in Sweden. It also includes a short comparison with China when it comes to treating people with mental disorders. According to the Mental Health Global Action Program of WHO number of people suffering from the mental disorders is expected to reach 450 million people worldwide. Statistics released by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in 2009 showed that mental disorder in China affects a population of over 100 million people, of which 16 million are severely ill. People with mental disorders cannot be described as one single group; there is a wide range of different state of illness, including the depression, and patients with schizophrenia. One could even add other mental handicapped groups. These patients inflict severe burden upon their families and as well as the society. They have diseased emotional expressions what ‘normal’ people are not endowed with, so that they are somehow misunderstood, to be more exact, they are not accepted. They can neither integrate in society nor break away from it; they are put in a great quandary, and have no choice but to live marginalized and secluded from society.
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Lau, Edmond. "The attitudes of sex offenders." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321043.
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Linderholm, Klas. "Kynurenic acid in psychiatric disorders studies on the mechanisms of action /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-818-1/.
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Cooper, Sally-Ann. "The epidemiology of psychiatric disorders amongst elderly people with learning disabilities." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480947.
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Bowen, Katharine Louise. "The relationship between childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorders in offenders." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-relationship-between-childhood-adversity-and-adult-psychiatric-disorders-in-offenders(4827a150-0a36-4bec-a511-d5a7d80916a7).html.
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There is empirical support for an association between childhood adverse events and psychopathology in adult offenders. This systematic review aims to summarise the literature that measures the predictive value of history of abuse on mental illness and personality disorders in prisoners in custody. Thirty studies were identified. The studies examined a total of 11,427 participants (8,990 males, 2,437 females). The number of offenders in each study ranged from 47 to 3,986. Childhood abuse and neglect were primarily examined. There was support that these subtypes are associated with several psychiatric disorders. Additionally, there were differences across male and female offenders both in terms of the numbers of studies that looked at specific psychopathologies, and the associations between adversity and future psychiatric difficulties. Methodological considerations, future research, and clinical implications are discussed.
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Moyer, Robert A. "Exploration of Functional Genetic Variants in Candidate Genes for Psychiatric Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1283184584.
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LAWLESS, FRANK CATHERINE MARY. "A STUDY OF NEGATION IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078416077.
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