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1
Lucas, Caroline Ann. "Different habits : representations of Anglican sisterhoods in mid-nineteenth century literature." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3501/.
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This thesis deals with the different ways in which Anglican Sisterhoods were portrayed in fiction and journalism, both religious and secular, in the mid-nineteenth century. It examines the influence of anti-Roman Catholic and anti-convent literature on these portrayals and considers whether there was any significant interchange between Sisterhoods and the feminist movement of the mid-nineteenth century. The first two chapters deal with the founding of the first Sisterhoods by the Oxford Movement as active, charitable communities in the 1840s, and the type of women - predominately upper- and upper-middle class - attracted by the life and work they offered. The histories of one Sisterhood, and of two Sisters, one typical, the other not, are examined. Periodical articles of the time, while approving of the work undertaken by Sisterhoods - nursing and teaching, for example - with the poorest classes of society, tended to express doubts about Roman Catholic influences, and the suitability of the work for ladies. Chapter three deals with a court case of 1869 in which a Roman Catholic Sister of Mercy accused her convent of ill-treatment. The case attracted enormous publicity and was expected to confirm prurient speculation about convents put forward in anti-Roman Catholic propaganda and fiction, but instead raised issues about the fitness of women for communal living, celibacy and leadership. The case was used by some writers as a plea for more secular work opportunities for women. Chapter four examines works of fiction which feature Sisterhoods, or issues connected with them, by writers of different denominations. Chapters five and six deal with the works of Charlotte Yonge and Henry Kingsley respectively. Yonge was a promoter of High Church values and supporter of Sisterhoods, while Kingsley was an ecumenicist who approved of Anglican and Roman Catholic orders equally.
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Forrest, Eve. "On photography and movement : bodies, habits and worlds in everyday photographic practice." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2012. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/3304/.
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This study is an exploration of everyday photographic practice and of the places that photographers visit and inhabit offline and online. It discusses the role of movement, the senses and repetition in taking photographs. Ultimately it is about photographers and their photographic routines and habits. Since the advent of photography, numerous texts on the subject have typically focused on photographs as objects. This trend has continued into the digital age, with academic writing firmly focusing on image culture rather than considering new issues relating to online practice. Although various technological innovations have given the photographer flexibility as to how and what they do with their images, the contention of this thesis is that analogue routines have been mostly transposed into the digital age. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of empirical enquiry into what photographers actually do within online spaces. This study is one of the first to address this knowledge gap. Taking a unique approach to the study of photography, it draws upon work in various fields, including phenomenology, social anthropology, human geography and sensory ethnography, to produce an innovative conceptual and methodological approach. This approach is applied in the field to gain an in-depth understanding of what ‘doing’ photography actually entails. An in-depth analysis of interviews with and observations of North East photographers reveals how they engage with everyday life in a distinctive way. Habitually carrying a camera allows them to notice details that most would ignore. Online and offline movements often become entangled, and when photographers explore Flickr there is a clear synergy with the way in which they explore their local city space. This research is a call to others to give serious consideration to online and offline photography practices, and an attempt to stimulate new discussions about what it means to be a photographer in the world.
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Barratt, David, and n/a. "Movement patterns and prey habits of house cats felis catus (l.) in Canberra, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060607.160345.
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House cat movements in Canberra suburbs adjacent to grassland and forest/woodland
areas were examined using radio-telemetry over 9 months. Information on the
composition of vertebrate prey caught by house cats in Canberra was also collected by
recording prey items deposited at cat owners' residences over 12 months.
Home range areas of 10 suburban house cats, and a colony of seven farm cats, were
examined using 95% convex polygons. Nocturnal home range areas of the suburban
cats varied between 0.02 and 27.93 ha (mean 7.89 ha), and were larger than diurnal
home range areas (range 0.02 to 17.19 ha - mean 2.73 ha). Nocturnal home range areas
of cats from the farm cat colony varied between 1.38 and 4.46 ha (mean 2.54 ha), and
were also larger than diurnal home range areas (range 0.77 to 3.70 ha - mean 1.70 ha).
Activity levels were greater at night than during the day, though diel activity patterns
varied seasonally in response to ambient temperature. Four suburban house cats moved
between 390 m and 900 m into habitat adjoining the suburb. Movements further than
100-200 m from the suburb edge were always made at night. Polygons describing the
home ranges of these animals were strongly spatially biased away from the suburban
environment, though the cats spent the majority of their time within the bounds of the
suburb.
In addition to nocturnal and diurnal effects, home range areas, and subsequently habitat
utilisation, appeared primarily determined by the density and spatial distribution of cats
utilising separate food resources, and the dominance of individual cats in local social
hierarchies, rather than gender or neutering effects. Home ranges of cats in the farm cat
colony overlapped extensively, as did those of cats living at the same suburban
residence. There was little or no overlap between the home ranges of cats from different
residences. Barriers, in the form of busy roads, appeared to also significantly influence
home range size and shape.
Within home range areas, house cat movements during the day appeared strongly
influenced by available cover (drains, tall grass, fences and shrubs etc.), and the location
of resting/sunning spots and hunting sites close to home. At night, movement patterns
appeared influenced by the location of favoured hunting sites toward the outer edges of
home range areas (in this study, tall grass and scrub/forest habitat, and farm buildings).
Nineteen hundred and sixty one prey items representing 67 species were reported or
collected. Sixty-four percent of the prey items were introduced mammals, with native
birds comprising 14%, introduced birds 10%, unidentified birds 3%, reptiles 7%,
amphibians 1% and native mammals 1%. Predation appeared to be largely
opportunistic with respect to spatial and temporal (daily and seasonal) prey availability
and accessibility. All amphibians and 62% of mammals taken by cats not confined at
night, were caught at night. In contrast, 70% of birds caught, and 90% of reptiles, were
taken during the day (45% of birds between 0600 h and 1200 h, and 61% of reptiles
between 1200 h and 1800 h). There was some evidence that small mammals are
preferred prey of house cats.
The mean number of prey items reported per cat over 12 months - 10.2 � 2.66 (2SE,
n=138) - was significantly lower than mean predation per cat per year - 23.3 � 6.16
(2SE, n=138) - estimated by cat owners before the prey survey began. Seventy percent
of cats were observed to catch less than 10 prey items over 12 months, but for 6% of
cats, more than 50 prey items were recorded. Because counts of the amount of prey
caught per house cat per unit time were highly positively skewed, data assumptions and
statistical parameters used to extrapolate results from the study sample of cats, to the
house cat population of Canberra, had a significant effect on estimates of total predation
in Canberra. The precision of the total predation estimate was low (± 25%), from a
sample of 0.3% of the Canberra house cat population. The accuracy of such estimates
are dependent on how representative the study cat sample is of the wider house cat
population, and on the proportion of prey items not observed by cat owners.
The total amount of prey taken was not significantly influenced by cat gender, age when
desexed, or cat breed. Nor did belling or the number of meals provided per day have a
significant influence on predatory efficiency. Cat age and the proportion of nights spent
outside explained approximately 11 % of the variation in the amount of prey caught by
individual cats. House cat density and distance to prey source areas (rural/grassland
habitat) explained 43% of variation in predation on introduced mammals and birds.
The impact of predation beyond suburb edges is likely to be most significant on
populations of small to medium sized arboreal and ground-dwelling mammals, because
of their nocturnal nature, and because they appear to be preferred prey types of house
cats. Impacts on diurnally active prey, such as most birds and reptiles, are likely to be
confined to within 200 m of residential housing (possibly further where good cover is
available). Properly enforced nocturnal confinement should restrict the range sizes of
cats that roam widely and utilisation of habitat beyond suburb edges, and also reduce
predation on mammals and amphibians. Night-time curfews however, are unlikely to
greatly reduce predation on diurnally active species, including most birds and reptiles.
Curfews are currently neither widely adopted nor effectively practiced in Canberra.
Estimates of predation by house cats, particularly extrapolated estimates, should be
treated with caution. They do not necessarily reflect relative impacts on different prey
types. Nor do high rates of predation prove prey populations are detrimentally effected,
particularly in urban environments. Nonetheless, on a small (backyard) scale in
suburban environments, and in habitat within 1 km of residential housing, including
isolated private properties, predation by individual cats may threaten populations of
native wildlife. Hunting by house cats is particularly undesirable in relatively
undisturbed habitat because of fundamental differences in the ecological processes
operating in these areas (especially isolated remnants) compared with contrived and
modified suburban environments. Adverse impacts on native fauna will always be
potentially greatest in undisturbed habitat adjacent to new residential developments
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Björklund, Niklas. "Movement behaviour and resource tracking in the pine weevil Hylobius abietis /." Uppsala : Dept. of Entomology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s302.pdf.
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Wood, Anthony Darrell. "Population dynamics of the shortfin mako, Isurus Oxyrinchus, in the Northwest Atlantic : an examination of food habits, movement and habitat, survival, and population size /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3277013.
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Fraissard, camille. "Experimental release of hand-reared wolf pups in Tver region (Russia): food habits, movement patterns and fear of humans." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Zoologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68743.
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Studying the reintroduction of hand-raised wolves may embrace several interests such as deepening knowledge on wolf biology and allowing a controlled release in isolated populations in need of genetic influx. Studies on hand-raised wild animals, showing successful reintroduction, suggested that young released wolves might be able to survive in the wild without previous fastidious training. Most of their survival behaviours would be instinctive. In this study, nine young wolves were reintroduced in Tver region (Russia) and followed in order to evaluate their fear of humans, their movement patterns, thanks to GPS-Argos collars fitted to three of the animals, and assess their diet via four methods of scats analysis. We analyzed 46 wolf scats collected from August 2010 to January 2011. We determined the frequency of occurrences of items per scats and per items, and used the Relative Estimated Bulk to estimate the biomass of prey species consumed. Statistics were conducted to test for significance of method comparisons. The results showed that half of the wolves remained near the enclosure weeks to months after release, occasionally leaving the vicinity. The individual wolves behaved differently, they adopted various movement patterns and had diverse home ranges (from 15 km2 to 40 km2). Released wolves preyed more on ungulates, especially moose and on other wild mammals such as mountain hare. They also sporadically hunted domestic animals and regularly consumed vegetal matter along with smaller animals as alternative prey. Finally, all scat-analysis methods significantly assessed (p < 0.01) the relative importance of the main food types.
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Littaye, Alexandra. "Finding time in the geographies of food : how heritage food discourses shape notions of place." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:259a4358-2b71-4d55-940d-9e7664f2d95d.
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This thesis presents a multi-sited and multi-scalar ethnography of the processes and practices through which producers attempt to designate food as heritage. Grounded in cultural geography, it adopts a cultural economy approach to addressing concerns within agro-food studies by joining in conversation notions of heritage, place-making and time. By underlining the intrinsic relation between articulations of time and constructions of place, this thesis further maps the alternative geographies of food. It engages with three overarching questions, drawing on research conducted within two heritage-based food initiatives in Mexico and Scotland, both linked to the Slow Food movement. These produce, respectively, a traditional sweet called pinole and 'real' bread. The thesis asks: what objectives are pursued through the heritagisation of food whereby various actors strategically coin foods as heritage? How is time articulated in the discourse of heritage food, and how do heritage food networks and producers understand time as a component of food quality? Finally, what senses of place emerge from the various uses of time as a quality in global, translocal and local heritage food discourses? This thesis explores Slow Food's heritage qualification scheme and the ensuing commodification of heritage food, as well as translocal networks, and practices of 'slow' production. Through empirical engagements it argues that the qualification of heritage foods is multifunctional and that various articulations of time enable small-scale producers to engage with a plethora of socio-economic and political issues. Numerous and at times conflicting constructions of place surface from the discourses woven around these two heritage products and problematise identity formation and narratives of the past linked to producers and communities. This thesis concludes that the constructions of place associated with heritage foods depend not only upon the authority and circumstances of actors articulating a heritage discourse, but also on the scale of the dissemination of that discourse, and on the notions and understandings of time associated with heritage and place.
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Manzo, Menares Kristoffer. "Ett genusperspketiv på nykterhetsrörelsen : En undersökning av nykterhetsrörelsens beskrivning om kvinnligt och manligt från 1920 till 2011." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Ämnesforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53462.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze how different authors from 1920 to 2011 described the Swedish temperance movement. The study wanted to highlight a gender perspective through a description of women´s and men´s relationship to alcohol habits and their different positions, assignments, and influences in the Swedish temperance movement. To further aid in the research of this study, it was decided to use the gender system that Yvonne Hirdman had presented in her work. The study showed that there existed a difference in the description between women’s and men’s alcohol habits and position of influence. Women were bound to have an idealized image of sobriety and their biological reproductive nature as women. Men had more liberty and freedom compared to women. However, this affected the middle-class and not the working class. The study showed that social standing influenced what type of position and influence both women and men had in the temperance movement. It also showed a separation between female and male in the description and that the authors were following a male norm in their description.
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McDonald, Kenneth P. "Survival, home range, movements, habitat use, and feeding habits of reintroduced river otters in Ohio." Connect to resource, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1125079007.
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Garner, Nathan Paul. "Seasonal movements, habitat selection, and food habits of black bears (Urus americanus) in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50059.
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The seasonal movements, food habits, and habitat selection of black bears (Ursus americanus) in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia were studied from May 1982 to April 1985. A total of 47 collared bears, including 25 adult females, 17 adult males, and 5 subadult males < 3.5 years old, was located 3973 times during the study.
Adult males had larger (P<0.001) home ranges (100% X=195 km², 95% X=116 km²) than adult females (100% X=38 km², 95% X=22 km²). Subadult males had larger (P<0.10) home ranges (100% X=542 km², 95% X=289 km²) than adult males and females. Extensive home range overlap occurred among each sex and age group. At least three subadult males dispersed from the Park during the study. Female bears with cubs were less mobile than solitary females during the spring. Fall cubs were large and did not restrict females' movements. Large fall home ranges for females were related to the scattered supply of acorns relative to the concentrated sources of soft mast used in the summer. Two females with cubs and 2 subadult males remained active during the winter months.
Adult and subadult males generally had less stable home ranges than adult females. Female bears displayed infidelity to given areas during the fall from year-to-year due to variation in the distribution of hard mast (acorns). Male bears made long excursions onto the Piedmont Plateau east of the Park mainly during the spring and early fall. Females were not exposed to as much human induced mortality as males because they were located within the Park 17% more frequently than males.
Males avoided fire roads (P<0.001), light duty roads (P<0.001), and primary roads (P<0.01) year around. Female bears preferred fire roads during summer (P< 0.001) and early fall (P<0.01) and avoided heavier traveled roads such as light duty roads (P<0.001) and primary roads (P<0.001) year around. Both male and female bears preferred foot trails for travel (P<0.05). Bears rarely came within 100 meters of campgrounds, picnic areas, and other human disturbance areas within the Park. Both sexes used low (P<0.10) elevations during the summer and high (P<0.10) elevations during early and late fall. Bears showed the greatest use of small rivers and streams during the driest months of summer. Geographic land forms of specific aspects, contours, and varying steepness were used differently by male and female bears.
Twelve stomachs and 854 scats were analyzed for food content. Forbs, graminoids, squawroot (Conopholis americana), corn, and the fruits of trees, shrubs, and vines composed 90 percent volume of the annual diet. Eight percent of the food consumed was animal matter from mammals, birds, and invertebrates.
During all seasons, females used yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) forests more (P<0.05) than males while males used yellow poplar forests less (P<0.05) than expected; males used black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) \ black cherry (Prunus serotina) forests more (P<0.05) than females and more (P<0.05) than expected. Shifts in use of chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) \ northern red oak (Q. rubra) forests and northern red oak \ white oak (Q. alba) forests by both males and females in early and late fall was attributed to annual variation in oak mast production, preference for white oak acorns, foraging strategy, and the importance of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) shrub cover in late fall.
Seasonal use of domestic fruits at 330 abandoned homesites was determined. Distance-to-nearest-homesite measurements indicated that males were never closer (P>0.10) to homesites than females or random points during any season while females were closer (P<0.001) to homesites than males and random points during summer. Only females were located at homesites (≤ 100m) more (P<0.001) than expected during summer and early fall. Bears consumed apples (Malus spp.) and sweet cherries (Prunus avium) at abandoned homesites mainly in summer, early fall, and late fall. Bears used homesites in late fall more than distance measures indicated. Domestic fruits were an important nutritional food for black bears in relation to total soft fruits eaten.Master of Science
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Daversa, David Robert. "Movement and parasitism in fragmented habitats." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709508.
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Hall, Amy Louise. "Small mammal movement patterns in habitat mosaics." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399622.
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Cushman, Susan Flanders. "Fish movement, habitat selection, and stream habitat complexity in small urban streams." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3873.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Holley, David K. "Movement patterns and habitat usage of Shark Bay dugongs." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0016.html.
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Guest, Michaela A., and n/a. "Movement and Assimilation of Carbon by Estuarine Invertebrates." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061024.110617.
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In estuarine and other aquatic systems, it is possible for water to transport locally produced carbon (food) across habitat boundaries, and provide nutrition for animals remote from the carbon source. In estuarine and marine systems, early work examining the movement of carbon from saltmarsh habitats in the USA suggested that carbon may move large distances from inshore to offshore environments. Upon closer examination, however, evidence did not support this paradigm of large-scale carbon movement, referred to as the outwelling hypothesis, in some estuaries. Physical characteristics of estuaries in which large-scale carbon movement did not occur, such as restricted access to the sea, were proposed as a possible explanation, and for these estuaries, movement of carbon among estuarine habitats was considered more likely. A mosaic of saltmarsh and mangrove habitats dominate the subtropical barrier estuary of southern Moreton Bay, Queensland, but there have been no studies that examine the movement of carbon among habitats within this system. Previous studies that examine the movement of carbon have mostly been done in saltmarshes in the northern hemisphere or in tropical mangrove systems. Different vegetation and tidal regimes in temperate marshes of the northern hemisphere preclude generalisations of carbon movement to tropical and subtropical systems. Our understanding of carbon movement in tropical systems may extend to subtropical waters, but the saltmarsh-mangrove mosaic in the subtropics distinguishes them from their tropical counterparts. The mosaic of saltmarsh and mangrove habitats among the barrier islands of southern Moreton Bay thus provide a unique opportunity to examine the small-scale movement of carbon among adjacent habitats in a subtropical system. Stable isotopes of carbon have been used successfully to trace the transfer of carbon from autotrophs to consumers at a range of spatial scales. This method is able to distinguish among carbon sources where autotrophs have different ratios of 13C/12C, and consumers take on the ratio of their food source. The success of stable isotopes in clarifying food web processes, however, depends on isotope ratios changing in predictable ways as elements are processed. As isotope ratios may be influenced by changes in productivity, and differences in nutrient source, they may vary across small and large spatial scales that may confound interpretation of food web processes. In this study I measured small and large-scale spatial variability of three estuarine autotrophs (the saltmarsh grass, Sporobolus virginicus, the seagrass Zostera capricorni and the algal community epiphytic on Z. capricorni) and showed the small-scale spatial variability to be negligible and insufficient to preclude the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in food web studies. Large-scale variability was more pronounced and may be useful for spatial correlation of food webs for more mobile species. The small-scale homogeneity and clearly distinguished isotope ratios of the dominant autotrophs in adjacent saltmarsh and mangrove habitats in southeast Queensland are therefore ideally suited to the study of small-scale carbon movement between adjacent habitats. Carbon isotopes of estuarine invertebrates were used to estimate the movement of particulate carbon between adjacent saltmarsh and mangroves at the tens-of-metre scale. Carbon isotope values of two crab species (Parasesarma erythrodactyla and Australoplax tridentata) and two snail species (Salinator solida and Ophicardelus quoyi) in saltmarsh closely match those of the saltmarsh grass, and suggest that the movement and assimilation of carbon occurs at a scale much smaller than has previously been examined. In mangroves, the results of this study indicate that microphytobenthos with some contribution of mangrove carbon is the most likely food source for P. erythrodactyla and A. tridentata, although contribution of carbon from saltmarsh is also possible. Under this latter scenario, carbon movement in mangroves would be considered to occur at a scale larger than that in saltmarsh habitat. A study that examined the movement and assimilation of carbon by crabs and an estuarine slug (Onchidina australis) at a finer resolution (i.e. metres) supported the original findings and indicated that the movement and assimilation of carbon occurs 5 - 8 m either side of the saltmarsh-mangrove interface. At this small-scale, the movement and subsequent foraging of crabs among habitats, the movement of particulate carbon among habitats, or a combination of crab and particulate carbon movement are three alternative models that provide plausible explanations for the pattern in carbon isotope values of crabs. Crab movement among these habitats was measured using an array of pitfall traps perpendicular to the saltmarsh-mangrove interface. To test for carbon movement, samples of detritus were collected at 2 m intervals across this same interface and the carbon isotopes analysed. For the majority of crabs (up to 90% for both species), movement up or down the shore was less than 1 m from the place of initial capture. Thus, crab movement cannot explain the trend in carbon isotope values of crabs. The pattern in detrital isotope values was similar to that of crabs and indicates that the movement of particulate carbon across the saltmarsh-mangrove interface is the most likely explanation for crab isotope ratios. Sources of carbon for estuarine invertebrates can also depend on the size of the saltmarsh patches. Examination of the movement and assimilation of carbon by crabs in saltmarsh patches of different sizes adjacent to mangroves indicates that saltmarshes less than 0.3 ha in area are subsidised by the import of allochthonous carbon, most likely from mangroves. These findings contribute substantially to our understanding of the food web value of estuarine habitats and provide an important link between landscape and food web ecology. They also have important implications for determining the conservation value of estuarine habitats with respect to their functional (food web) value. The scale-dependent sampling used in this thesis also provides important evidence for the fine-scale movement of estuarine carbon that has not previously been examined.
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Bender, Darren J. "Wildlife movement in fragmented habitats, the influence of landscape complexity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58251.pdf.
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Bender, Darren J. (Darren John) Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Wildlife movement in fragmented habitats; the influence of landscape complexity." Ottawa, 2000.
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Morais, Vanessa Rodrigues de. "Finding the way home: movement of butterflies in non-familiar habitats." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20505.
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Natural landscapes have been dramatically affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, which transform continuous forest in habitat patches imbedded in areas of non-habitat (matrices). This matrices, inhospitable or not, affect countless ecological process, like dispersal. One of the ways to understand this effect of matrix on dispersal is studying animal?s perceptual range. Which is a range at which an animal perceive landscape elements. This perception is directly connected to the success to reach a new habitat patch while animals navigate through matrix. To contribute to this knowledge we evaluate the habitat perception of Heliconius erato. However, we were also interest in evaluate the effect of butterflies age and matrix type on its perception. Consequently, we raised butterflies on laboratory and matched with butterflies from forest during a release experiment. To determinate perceptual range, we did releases in two different matrices at three distances from forest (0, 30 and 100 meters) and measured the final angle reached for butterflies. We found that: I) butterflies released in edge were strongly oriented to forest; II) than higher the release distance the lower perceptual ability and III) there is an interaction between age and matrix type. Na?ve butterflies oriented better on open field (perceptual range: 30-100 meters and experienced oriented better at coconut plantation (perceptual range: 30-100 meters).
Paisagens naturais tem sido afetadas dramaticamente pela perda de habitat e fragmenta??o, os quais transformam paisagens cont?nuas em manchas de habitat circundadas por ?reas de n?o-habitat (matrizes). Essas matrizes, in?spitas ou n?o, afetam incont?veis processos ecol?gicos, como a dispers?o. Uma das formas de compreender o efeito da matriz no processo de dispers?o ? estudando o alcance da percep??o do habitat dos animais, o qual ? definido como o alcance (dist?ncia) em que um animal pode perceber elementos da paisagem. Essa percep??o est? diretamente relacionada ao sucesso de chegada ? um novo habitat, enquanto o animal navega por uma matriz. N?s avaliamos a percep??o do habitat em Heliconius erato, uma borboleta tropical. Entretanto n?s tamb?m est?vamos interessados em avaliar o efeito da idade das borboletas e do tipo de matriz na percep??o do habitat. Consequentemente, n?s criamos borboletas em laborat?rio e pareamos com borboletas coletadas na floresta durante um experimento de soltura. Para determinar o alcance da percep??o, n?s realizamos solturas em duas diferentes matrizes (coqueiral e campo em regenera??o) ? tr?s dist?ncias da floresta (0,30 e 100 metros) e medimos o ?ngulo final alcan?ado pelas borboletas. N?s encontramos que (I) borboletas soltas na borda se orientaram fortemente para a floresta; (II) quanto maior a dist?ncia de soltura, menor a habilidade de perceber o habitat e (III) h? intera??o entre matriz e idade da borboleta. Borboletas inexperientes se orientaram melhor no campo aberto (alcance da percep??o: 30-100 metros) e experientes se orientaram melhor no coqueiral (alcance da percep??o entre 30-100 metros).
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Cameron, Kathryn. "Regional variation in tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) abundance and habitat use." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/260.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is regional variation in the abundance and habitat use of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) within in a model seagrass ecosystem. Abundance was determined with catch rates on drumlines and habitat preferences were investigated using acoustic tracking of large tiger sharks (n=4). I found spatiotemporal variation in the probability of catching at least one shark and in catch rates on days sharks were caught. In general, sharks were present throughout more of the year and in higher abundances in the northern region. Habitat use also varied between regions. In the northern region, sharks moved randomly with respect to habitat, while in the southern region sharks preferred shallow habitats. Although preliminary, these results suggest that large predator abundance and habitat use may vary over relatively small spatial scales and that such variation may be useful for elucidating their ecological role.
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Melaschenko, Natalie Christina. "Small mammal abundance, habitat selection, and movement patterns in shrub-steppe habitat in British Columbia's Okanagan Valley." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/19940.
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This study determines the role of vegetation in shaping individual habitat use, tortuosity of movement patterns and patterns of population density of western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis), Great Basin pocket mice (Perognathus parvus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in British Columbia’s Okanagan Valley. The former two mice are considered at risk in British Columbia due to loss or alteration of native habitat by human development and invasive species such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of cheatgrass on small mammal abundance and habitat use; 2) to use fractal analyses of path tortuosity to assess the spatial scales at which mice perceive their environment and; 3) to determine the role of vegetation and population density in shaping movement patterns. Trapping and tracking were conducted in 2008 in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia at the northern reaches of the Great Basin ecosystem on 12 sites spanning a gradient of cheatgrass cover. Habitat use and movement patterns were delineated by powdering mice with fluorescent pigment and following their trails.
In the fall, the average population density per 1-hectare site was 18.0 ± 4.5 Great Basin pocket mice, 0.21 ± 0.08 deer mice and 0.08 ± 0.02 western harvest mice, while in the summer only Great Basin pocket mice were trapped (8.71 ± 3.20). Cheatgrass invasion ranged from 1 to 18 % cover. Cheatgrass abundance was not correlated with the population density of any small mammal species. In the summer, bare ground and shrub cover best-predicted Great Basin pocket mouse density, while in the fall bare ground alone was the best predictor. Great Basin pocket mice selected bare, open habitat. Vegetation was avoided with the exception of annual grasses, mainly comprised of cheatgrass, which Great Basin pocket mice selected. Bare ground in combination with cheatgrass may have provided optimal habitat for movement. Great Basin pocket mouse path tortuosity increased with vegetation cover and population density and decreased with open habitat. The fractal dimension of movement pathways was consistent over the spatial scales measured in this study.
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Gent, A. H. "Movement and dispersion of the smooth snake Coronella austriaca Laurenti in relation to habitat." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234378.
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Caldwell, Iain Robertson. "Habitat use, movement, and vulnerability of sedentary fishes in a dynamic world." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43433.
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In this thesis I quantify habitat use, movement, and vulnerability for seahorses and other sedentary fishes to understand how they may respond to habitat related threats. Surviving habitat change depends on either acclimatizing or escaping. Sedentary animals could be especially vulnerable if they require specific habitats or their ability to escape is reduced. However, dynamic coastal environments could promote greater flexibility in fish living there.
Populations of the sedentary seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus living in a dynamic estuary seem flexible in their habitat use, but individuals may be less so. I explored H.guttulatus habitat associations using underwater surveys and displacement experiments in the Ria Formosa lagoon. Seahorse populations declined substantially (73-94%) compared to previous surveys, but declines were unassociated with measured habitat changes. At low densities, H.guttulatus lived in a range of habitats but in warmer, deeper locations. When displaced, H.guttulatus moved to a variety of environments but individual seahorses moved towards locations with familiar depths and current speeds. Individual variability could help protect populations in degrading habitat but individuals may still need to move to survive.
Hippocampus guttulatus can move further than their small home ranges would suggest, which might help them escape habitat loss and degradation. In aquarium experiments I showed that small acoustic tags could be used on captive H.guttulatus with minimal effects on movement and behaviour. I displaced tagged H.guttulatus and found they moved ten times further than typical home range movements.
While H.guttulatus shows some capacity for acclimatizing and escaping, their sedentary nature could confer vulnerability to habitat loss and degradation. Models simulating fish movement across artificial seascapes predicted sedentary fish should be more sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation than more mobile fish. Comparative analyses of movement and vulnerability among marine benthic fish species supported these results. Among fishes threatened by habitat degradation, those that rarely move beyond home ranges were more threatened than those that migrate or disperse.
My thesis identified general relationships between movement and vulnerability in marine fishes, which could help prioritize conservation, while raising further questions about the additional effects of habitat specialization and environmental variability.
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Habrat, Michael D. "MOVEMENT AND HABITAT USE OF SELECTED NONGAME FISHES IN A MINNESOTA LAKE." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10242007-162959/.
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Aquatic vegetation provides important habitats for fish, but these habitats are increasingly being altered anthropogenically. My research evaluated the movement and habitat use of three small rare fish species, the blackchin shiner Notropis heterodon (BCS), blacknose shiner Notropis heterolepis (BNS), and banded killifish Fundulus diaphanous, in a Minnesota lake. BCS and BNS traveled farther in spring than summer, but selection of habitat based upon macrophyte biovolume did not explain these differences. All three fish species traveled long distances (> 1,800 m) and were capable of reaching all available habitats in Square Lake. Macrophyte species richness and prey (zooplankton) abundance were not correlated with fish abundance; however, ordination techniques suggested several macrophyte species were important to the habitat use of these fishes in Square Lake. Proactive management for the conservation of these sensitive fish species in Square Lake should focus on protecting vegetated habitats and preserving water quality
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Hylton, Rebecca A. "Survival, movement patterns, and habitat use of juvenile wood storks, Mycteria americana." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007007.
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Takimoto, Gaku. "Across-habitat movement of organisms and its effects on consumer-resource interactions." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150036.
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Loraamm, Rebecca Whitehead. "Quantifying the Interaction of Wildlife and Roads: a Habitat and Movement Approach." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5867.
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There is a growing need to address the effects of roadway presence on wildlife. Not only do roads directly impact gene dispersal from a movement perspective, but they limit movement of the individual animal from a habitat perspective by presenting an artificial barrier between one area of viable habitat and another. For this reason it is becoming increasingly important to quantify contact between humans and wildlife and to develop better methods for mitigating these types of conflicts. Studying habitat connectivity and animal mobility in the context of roads can provide actionable information on how, where, and when these encounters might occur in order to minimize the effects transportation networks have on wildlife.
This study uses two different approaches for studying wildlife-road interactions: (1) quantifying habitat fragmentation caused by roads and (2) directly quantifying wildlife interaction with roadways. This was achieved through the development and extension of methods found in the fields of landscape ecology and time geography. First, this study demonstrates the utility of one newly created road-based landscape metric through a detailed case study via the creation of an original ArcGIS toolbox. Second, this study develops a new time-geographic methodology to probabilistically measure and predict where wildlife interactions are most likely to occur on road networks. Additionally, it is important to ensure these methods not only quantify effects of roads from habitat and movement perspectives but can be used to mitigate these conflicts in real world conservation settings. Each of these approaches individually leverages techniques found in the field of spatial optimization to strategically locate wildlife crossing structures.
This study developed two new methodologies to quantify where, when, and how wildlife interactions with roads are most likely to occur: the first using road-based landscape metrics and the second using a probabilistic voxel-based time-geographic approach. To address habitat connectivity issues, one road-based landscape metric was validated on a real world data set and further advanced by developing a GIS-based tool for real world applications. Utilizing landuse and roadway layers in combination with user specified parameters, the script tools developed here readily calculate this road-based landscape metric for a given study area. To address wildlife mobility issues, probabilistic space-time prisms were used to quantify interaction probabilities between wildlife and roads. These prisms were generated for a given set of tracking points and overlaid with an intersecting roads layer in GIS. Summing the probabilities at prism-roadway intersections revealed a pattern in the likelihood of animal-roadway interactions. Finally, each method was expanded to capture habitat fragmentation and animal movement in the presence of roads over large spatial scales using location analysis techniques.
This research also develops and implements new methods that explicitly address wildlife-road interactions and aid in siting potential wildlife crossing structures. Since this study directly addresses effects of roadway presence on wildlife, the techniques developed here offer an alternative approach versus existing methods from a habitat and wildlife movement perspective. These methods can aid planners in the conservation of wildlife whose habitat has been impacted by road development by identifying and targeting areas of high impact.
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Wilson, Steven Foster. "Animal movements and landscape pattern : implications for assessing habitat use." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34644.pdf.
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Simms, Karen Maureen 1961. "Home range, habitat use, and movements of reintroduced masked bobwhite." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277014.
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Home range, habitat use, and movements of reintroduced masked bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgewayi) were studied during 1986-88 on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge in southern Arizona. Home ranges averaged 10.9 ha (5.2-14.6 ha), and core areas averaged 1.1 ha (0.2-2.7 ha). Core areas had significantly higher visual obstruction by vegetation from 0-1 dm, aerial and basal grass cover, and significantly lower bare ground, litter, half-shrub cover, half shrub density, and visual obstruction by vegetation from 5-20 dm than non-core areas. The majority of the masked bobwhite moved less than 1 km between their release location and the site of first trapping. However, some long distance movements occurred. Once home ranges were established, masked bobwhite seldom left the boundaries. Key habitat components are identified for masked bobwhite on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge.
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Van, Bloemestein Ulric Patrick. "Seasonal movement and activity patterns of the endangered geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Due to the critical status of Psammobates geometricus and the vulnerability of their habitat, there is a need to allocate areas for their protection. The aim of this study was to provide information on the space requirements and activity level of geometric tortoises to facilitate future conservation efforts.
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Ibarra-Macias, Ana C. "Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on the Distribution and Movement of Tropical Forest Birds." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/481.
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Habitat loss and fragmentation occur at unprecedented rates, especially in tropical countries where human activities have deforested or degraded around 80% of tropical rainforests. Tropical forest fragmentation is considered the main cause of extinction of tropical forest avifauna, yet the mechanisms by which fragmentation affects bird populations are poorly understood. The present study investigates the pattern of bird species distribution in a fragmented landscape in tropical southeastern Mexico and the relation of bird community and species distribution patterns to landscape and fragment characteristics. Area and isolation of forest fragments were the main determinant of species richness and abundance in fragments, especially for forest-dependent species. The significant effect of isolation on species persistence in forest fragments suggests that limitation of dispersal is one potential mechanism by which fragmentation affects species distribution in the landscape. To understand how fragmentation can affect bird dispersal in a fragmented landscape, the effect of open areas and corridors on movement patterns of forest birds was investigated. The evidence presented in this study supports the idea that bird movement is restricted by open areas, especially for forest-restricted birds. Forested corridors had a positive effect on movement rates of forest birds, potentially acting to preserve movement and dispersal processes, and ultimately species persistence, in heavily fragmented landscapes.
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Kind, Peter Kevin. "Movement patterns and habitat use in the Queensland lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft 1870) /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17144.pdf.
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Commons, Michelle L. "Movement and habitat use by Gunnison sage grouse, Centrocercus minimus, in southwestern Colorado." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23263.pdf.
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Canavelli, Sonia Beatriz. "Abundance, movement and habitat use of Swainson's hawks in their wintering grounds, Argentina." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 2000. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2000/ana6132/etd.PDF.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2000.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 119 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-118).
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Strickland, Patrick Andrew. "American Eel Distibution and Growth in Selected Tributaries of the James River." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35793.
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In July of 1999, a team of researchers from the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) and the United States Forest Service (USFS) electrofished a 2-km reach of Shoe Creek, Virginia, and captured 66 American eels. Eels were weighed (g) and measured (mm) and 61 individuals were implanted with Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT). Size distribution of the tagged eels ranged from 174-775 mm total length. The team returned to Shoe Creek in October of 1999 for a recapture survey, but captured only seven eels in the same 2-km reach with no recaptures. This sparked considerable interest among the biologists of VDGIF and USFS. Goals of the biologists included identifying daily movement, seasonal distribution, relative abundance, habitat use, and growth of American eels in Virginia headwater streams. This information was needed for the protection of eel habitat and migration corridors, as well as development of restoration plans for eels.
Seasonal movement of thirty-three American eels Anguilla rostrata was monitored from July 2000 through September 2001 via radio telemetry. South Fork Piney River, South Fork Tye River, and Shoe Creek, Virginia were the streams chosen for eel research. Eels exhibited the greatest amount of movement in summer 2000 and the least amount of movement in winter 2000-01. Diel activity was significantly lowest in winter 2000-01 and highest in spring 2001. From late October 2000 through May 2001, eels appeared to be buried within the interstitial spaces of the stream bottom and under stream banks.
Habitat preference (average depth, dominant substrate, and pool vs. riffle) was also determined over multiple seasons via radio telemetry. When a preference was detected, eels always preferred pools and the deepest water available relative to each stream. Eels preferred cobble as the dominant substrate during all seasons in S.F. Tye River. Eels showed no preference for substrate in S.F. Piney River. Substrate preference varied among seasons in Shoe Creek.
Estimates of 12, 41, and 25 eels/ha were calculated for S.F. Piney River, S.F. Tye River, and Shoe Creek, respectively, in summer 2000. There was a significantly higher density of eels in S.F. Tye River when compared to S.F. Piney River in summer 2000. Estimates of 7, 54, and 15 eels/ha were calculated for S.F. Piney River, S.F. Tye River, and Shoe Creek, respectively, in summer 2001. There was a significantly higher density of eels in S.F. Tye River when compared to both S.F. Piney River and Shoe Creek in summer 2001.
Growth in total length (TL) was determined in S.F. Piney River, S.F. Tye River, and Shoe Creek from summer 2000 to summer 2001. Growth in TL for S.F. Piney River, S.F. Tye River, and Shoe Creek was 18, 23, and 21 mm/year, respectively. Growth in TL for Shoe Creek was also calculated from 1999-2000 (43 mm/year) and 1999-2001 (32 mm/year). There was a significant difference in growth between Shoe Creek 1999-2000 and Shoe Creek 2000-01 as well as Shoe Creek 1999-2000 and S.F. Tye River 2000-01.
Growth in weight was also determined in S.F. Piney River, S.F. Tye River, and Shoe Creek from summer 2000 to summer 2001. Growth in weight for S.F. Piney River, S.F. Tye River, and Shoe Creek was 24, 21, and 27 g/year, respectively. Growth in weight for Shoe Creek was also calculated from 1999-2000 (50 g/year) and 1999-2001 (40 g/year). There was a significant difference in growth between Shoe Creek 1999-2000 and Shoe Creek 2000-01 as well as Shoe Creek 1999-2000 and S.F. Tye River 2000-01.
Our results have contributed to knowledge of the biology and ecology of the American eel in the upper James River drainage, including diel activity, seasonal movements, habitat use, densities, and growth. Eels were more active during spring and summer, particularly at night. They demonstrated very little movement throughout the other seasons of the year. The majority of eels displayed a behavior similar to hibernation, burying in the substrate and under the banks of the stream from mid-fall through mid-spring. Eels showed a trend to use deep pools with large substrate throughout the majority of this study. Eel densities seemed to vary among streams, with higher growth in streams with lower eel densities and a higher average water temperature.Master of Science
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Schneider, Christine. "The influence of landscape structure on butterfly diversity and movement in grasslands : a comparison of two agricultural areas in southern Sweden /." Alnarp : Dept. of Landscape Planning, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a386.pdf.
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Smith, David Richard. "MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, AND FORAGE USE OF REINTRODUCED DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275272.
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Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg (Gordon John Gregory). "Individual history of movement and the dispersal of southern elephant seals." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30805.
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While studies of dispersal note significant fidelity to natal site and to the site of first
reproduction, few consider fidelity to other sites, and none have done so systematically.
This study examined fidelity to all terrestrial sites within the study area during the
course of its life, by a migratory marine predator, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga
leonina. It also attempted to assess the role played by the winter haulout in terms of site
fidelity. Finally it examined the influence of possible deterioration in spatial memory
over time on site fidelity. The data used in this study were generated by a long-term
mark-recapture programme conducted at subantarctic Marion Island.
Although immature elephant seals of both sexes return to the vicinity of their natal sites,
they appear to avoid popular breeding beaches, returning closest to the site previously
used. At the first reproductive haulout, however, females return closer to their natal site
than any other site, while males, although hauling out in the vicinity of their natal site,
haul out closest to sites used in the year prior to the first breeding haulout.
Subsequently, adults of both sexes breed closest to the breeding haulout of the previous
year and moult closest to the moult haulout of the previous year. While males show
greater site fidelity during the breeding season, there is no difference in site fidelity during the moult. Primiparous females show greater levels of site fidelity if recorded in
the study site as an immature animal during either the winter or the moult haulouts.
Also in female elephant seals, lower site fidelity is associated with an increase in the
duration of period of absence from a site, and a lower number of visits to a site.
Various factors related to site familiarity, social factors and anthropogenic disturbance
may be responsible for the lack of strict site fidelity that is evident. Dispersal patterns
may differ between the sexes due to differences in their life history. While purpose of
the winter haulout by immature seals may be to increase familiarity with haulout sites,
and thus site fidelity, the moult haulout also plays a role.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Zoology and Entomology
Unrestricted
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Belleau, Pascale. "Habitat selection, movement patterns, and demography of common musk turtles (Sternotherus odoratus) in southwestern Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112379.
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I studied the common musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) at the northern limit of its range at Norway Bay, Quebec, from April to October 2006. Common musk turtles are habitat specialists and are selective of their habitats at the study-area and home-range scales. Beaver ( Castor canadensis) lodges were preferred at the study-area scale. Common musk turtles also preferred beaver lodges, emergent wetlands, aquatic beds with floating and submerged vegetation as well as rocky shores at the home-range scale. At the location scale, common musk turtles chose shallower and cooler sites that contained more logs and submerged vegetation than the sites available at random. There was no significant effect of sex on habitat use at the location scale. There was no significant difference in mean daily movements between the sexes during the active season. However, sex and month probably interact together to influence the mean distance traveled daily by common musk turtles in Norway Bay. Males appeared to move more than females in May, July, and October. Females appeared to move more daily than males in August and September. Neither sex appeared to move more daily in June. However, our small sample size did not allow us to conduct a conclusive analysis. The mean home-range area was 23.9 ha and was not different between sexes. I estimated a density of 4.1 turtles/ha and a sex ratio of 1.7M: 1F. The population includes 59.6% males, 35.8% females, and 4.6% juveniles. Adults ranged from 77 mm to 133 mm in carapace length.
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Suedkamp, Wells Kimberly M. "Resource selection, movement patterns, and survival of post-fledging grassland birds in Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2005/Dissertation/SuedkampWellsK-051105-D1298/research.pdf.
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Moradinour, Zahra. "Habitat Preferences of the Woodland Brown (Lopinga achine) in South-East Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131610.
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As a result of changes in grass sward composition and vegetation structure, as well as overgrowth of trees and bushes in open areas, many woodland butterfly species have declined across Europe. Lopinga achine is a flagship species of woodlands and it has gone extinct from several habitats in Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of habitat factors on the occurrence of L. achine and investigate if alteration in such habitat factors effect on their movement pattern. The experiments were conducted in the south east of Sweden. The occurrence of the butterflies and sampling habitat factors were recorded in transect method in 11 sites in the province of Östergötland. Furthermore, movement pattern and flight speed of 28 individuals were tested in two sites with different habitat structures. Habitat variables including host plant (Carex montana) abundance, grass sward height, tree canopy cover and also fern abundance had a significant effect on the occurrence of the species. In addition, open area with short grass height and less canopy cover affected the movement pattern and speed of L. achine and individuals flew more straight and faster in open areas. In conclusion, results shown that habitat factors are important for the occurrence of L. achine and population viability. In addition, alteration in habitat structure such as short grass sward height and lack of bush and canopy trees effect on butterflies’ movement behaviour, which may lead to population decline or extinction of the species from local habitats.
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Vokoun, Jason C. "Movement and habitat use of flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) in two Missouri interior streams /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115596.
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Rebelo, Alexander Douglas. "Movement of the Cape dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion pumilum): are they vulnerable to habitat fragmentation?" Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12724.
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Includes bibliographical references.Habitat fragmentation threatens the persistence of natural populations globally. Dispersal between populations can mitigate the negative impacts of habitat fragmentation. The Cape dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion pumilum) occupies heavily fragmented habitat and yet few studies have investigated their ability to disperse and thus persist. In this study I monitored chameleon movements and habitat use in the semi-transformed Noordhoek Wetlands, South Africa. Radio-telemetry was used to track adult chameleons (N=11) over 10 days during March 2010 and April 2014. Data were analysed using linear mixed effects models including relevant predictor variables. The chameleon habitat use, such as perch height, thickness and vegetation cover, including their GPS positions, was recorded hourly during the day. The increase in area used by chameleons over time increased at a relatively constant rate. Male and females showed similar areas of utilisation and daily displacement. However, males perched in higher, in less dense vegetation and on relatively thicker stems than females, although the latter two were not statistically supported. Additionally, chameleon vegetation use varied between day and night, but not between early morning, midday and late afternoon, where chameleons perched in higher and less dense vegetation at night than during the day. Habitats surrounded by wide spaces devoid of vegetation could isolate populations of Cape dwarf chameleons. However, the chameleon movement is unhindered by constraints of territory and by connecting habitat fragments together with corridors of suitable vegetation, the effects of fragmentation could be mitigated.
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Goebel, Patrick C. "Distribution, Abundance and Movement of Fish among Seagrass and Mangrove Habitats in Biscayne Bay." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/403.
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Inshore tropical and subtropical estuaries harbor a relatively high abundance and diversity of organisms. Specifically within estuaries, mangrove and seagrass habitats provide shelter and food for a plethora of organisms, through some or all their life histories. Given the biological connection between offshore coral reefs and coastal estuaries, there is a critical need to understand the underlying processes that determine distribution and abundance patterns within mangrove-seagrass habitats. The predatory fish assemblage within the mangrove and seagrass beds of Biscayne Bay, Florida (USA), was examined over 24-hr. time periods along a distance and habitat gradient from the mangrove edge and nearshore environment (0–300 m) to farshore (301–700 m) seagrass beds. This thesis also investigated the occurrence, distribution and timing of reef fish movement between offshore coral reef habitat and inshore seagrass beds over 24-hr periods. Results indicate that fish predators differed over both the sampling period and with distance from mangrove edge. The results also demonstrated reef fishes move into Biscayne Bay at dusk and exit at dawn by utilizing Broad Creek Channel as a passageway. This work supports the idea of diel migration of selected reef fishes to inshore seagrass beds and highlights the importance of connective channels between habitats. The results suggest that the degradation or loss of seagrass habitat could differentially impact the life-history stages of reef fish species.
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Hill, Gregory J. "Examining Movement and Habitat Selection of Everglades Fishes in Response to Seasonal Water levels." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3209.
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Fish distribution patterns and seasonal habitat use play a key role in the food web dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, including the Florida Everglades. In this study I examined the fine scale habitat shifts and movements of spotted sunfish, Lepomis punctatus across varying seasons and hydrologic conditions using in-situ field enclosures and Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) systems. Data on fish use of three dominant Everglades marsh habitats and activity level were recorded continuously from January to August, 2015. Fish were more active and had the highest use of higher elevation habitats when water levels rose during an experimental reversal in mid-April. Fish activity was higher at increasing water levels relative to decreasing. Fish activity also varied with the rate of change, with the highest activity occurring during rapid increases in depth. Findings from this study provide insight on how fish response to changing water levels may affect foraging for wading birds, a key performance measure for Everglades restoration.
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Stasek, David Jon. "BUTTERFLY MOVEMENTS AMONG ISOLATED PRAIRIE PATCHES: HABITAT EDGE, ISOLATION, AND FOREST-MATRIX EFFECTS." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1150217598.
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Vitz, Andrew C. "Survivorship, habitat use, and movements for two species of mature forest birds." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211988466.
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Dudziak, Sarah Kathleen. "BOUNDARY DYNAMICS AND MATRIX EFFECTS ON BEETLE COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND MOVEMENT BETWEEN FORESTS AND AGRICULTURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1188320501.
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Oshima, Júlia Emi de Faria. "Movement ecology and spatial distribution of Tayassu pecari in heterogeneous tropical landscapes /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183519.
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Orientador: Milton Cezar RibeiroResumo: Modificações da cobertura do solo, perturbações antropogênicas e mudanças climáticas na região Neotropical têm sido associadas à crise da biodiversidade. Nesta tese, o objetivo principal foi investigar os efeitos que a estrutura da paisagem (incluindo a perturbação antropogênica) e a qualidade do habitat têm na distribuição espacial, nos padrões de movimento e na seleção de habitat da queixada - Tayassu pecari. Esta espécie é o único ungulado florestal Neotropical que forma grandes bandos e é uma espécie-chave nos ecossistemas florestais, pois sua extinção local pode causar perdas adicionais de biodiversidade por meio de efeitos em cascata. Ainda assim, pouco se sabe sobre uso do espaço e movimentos de queixadas em escala fina. Para tanto, estudamos a distribuição e movimentação da espécie em diferentes escalas e biomas do Brasil, investigando quais variáveis de paisagem influenciaram a mesma em diferentes escalas e ordens de seleção. Nossos resultados mostram fortes efeitos negativos da modificação da paisagem e fragmentação do habitat na distribuição de queixadas, restando apenas 47% do território brasileiro com áreas adequadas para a espécie. Verificamos que menos da metade de todas as áreas protegidas nos biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica têm um habitat adequado para a queixada. Para a análise do movimento, rastreamos 30 indivíduos com colares de GPS de julho de 2013 a outubro de 2016 no Pantanal e no Cerrado do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Nossos principais resultados mos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Land cover modifications, anthropogenic disturbances and climate change in the Neotropical region have been linked to the biodiversity crisis. This thesis proposal was to investigate the effects that landscape structure (including anthropogenic disturbance) and habitat quality have in the spatial distribution, in the movement patterns and in the habitat selection of the white-lipped peccary - Tayassu pecari (WLP). This species is the only Neotropical forest ungulate that forms large herds, and it is a keystone species in forest ecosystems because its local extinction may cause additional biodiversity losses through cascading effects. Still, little is known about WLPs space use and fine-scale movement. For that aim we studied the species distribution and movements in different scales and biomes of Brazil, investigating which landscape variables would influence the species in different scales and orders of selection. Our findings show strong negative effects of landscape modification and habitat fragmentation on white-lipped peccary distribution, with only 47% of the Brazilian territory with suitable areas for the species. We also found that less than half of all protected areas in the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biomes have suitable habitat for WLP. For the movement analysis we tracked 30 individuals with GPS collars from July 2013 to October of 2016 in the Pantanal and in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul state. Our main results showed a positive selection of WLP for fore... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Nazzal, Amal. "Exploring the mechanisms and dynamics of politically-motivated youth movements in Palestine : a Bourdieusian perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30482.
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This thesis draws on a Bourdieusian perspective to explore the organisational mechanisms and dynamics in Palestinian politically motivated social movement. The consequent body of literature often lacks an integrated comprehension of Bourdieusian theory, and his three main concepts: field, habitus, and capital. Little has been understood about Bourdieu’s concepts in social movement context to understand the activists’ behaviours, practices, and practical reasoning in structuring their choices and practices. Being inspired by Bourdieu, the researcher relationally analyses and bridges between different subjectivist and objectivist perspectives on social structures and agents’ practices through employing the relational tool-kit of Bourdieu. To further understand the dynamics, mechanisms, and interorganisational and intraorganisational relations in social movements, an interpretive approach was used to gather context-rich data from ordinary activists, core activists and organisers. Findings showed that fields of practices, both external and internal, have specific doxa and species of capital, which shape the rules of the game inside this field, and its relationship with other fields. Data collected found that the ‘state field’ enjoys the most dominant doxa in the Palestinian context, which is deployed to legitimise the oppression of the politically-motivated youth movements that were studied. The external and internal fields’ doxa have a crucial influence on agents’ early socialisation, forms of capital, and field’s positioning. This variation and difference between the activists’ habitus caused multiple modes of domination and conflictual dynamics inside the movement itself in relation to features such as political credibility, recruiting parochialism, ideological conflicts, and repertoires of contention. This study contributes to a more dynamic understanding of the habitus as an open mediating concept and a reflexive space which transforms the activists’ behaviours and actions in some incidents. The findings have implications for social movement practitioners, and other relevant stakeholders such as activism groups and bodies, pressure groups, unions, and human rights and civil society associations. It is suggested that future research examining politically-motivated social movements should consider ethnographic methods to capture multiple observational data and contextual findings. In addition, it is suggested further examine habitus mechanisms in reproduction, change and transformation times.
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Rasmussen, Josh Earl. "The Ecological Importance of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Drivers of Animal Movement." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2009.
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The movement of individuals is foundational to many ecological processes. For example, the movement of an organism from one place to another alters population density at both sites and has potential for affecting the genetic dynamics within the new population. Individual movement events may be in synchrony with overall trends in populations, e.g. spawning migrations, or may be atypical (asynchronous). This latter movement type can affect population and metapopulation dynamics, depending on its prevalence within a population. Nevertheless, given the complexity of interactions, the causative factors of movement are understood vaguely, much less for aquatic organisms. Drivers of movement are extrinsic (e.g. habitat quality, predation or habitat heterogeneity) and intrinsic (e.g. sex, size, or behavioral tendencies). Interactions among these drivers provide crucial insight into the patterns of movement observed within populations. Habitat is here shown to affect observed movement patterns of populations of southern leatherside chub (Lepidomeda aliciae). Streams with higher-quality habitat were inhabited by populations exhibiting lower overall movement compared to lower-quality streams. However, observations of individual long distance movement relative to the norm within the population suggest that movement may also be behaviorally based. In further tests, it is shown that, indeed, behavioral tendencies of individuals can be measured and are predictive of annual movement by individuals. Other drivers, habitat availability and quality, were also found to influence movement on a yearly basis. Movement patterns are also affected by the presence or absence of predators. A tropical livebearer (Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora) has a higher percentage of individuals classified as generally moving when predators are absent from the environment compared to predator sites. Predation environment also significantly affects individual body shape with predator sites possessing caudal peduncles with greater surface area, an adaptation likely promoting burst speed for greater escape abilities. Classification of individuals as generally moving or generally not moving was also significantly related to variation of body shape of these fish. However, biological significance is ambiguous given the absence of obvious morphology trends explained by this factor. It is critical to understand these drivers to better understand the dynamic interface between ecology and evolution.