Relevant bibliographies by topics / Movement of a observers

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Academic literature on the topic 'Movement of a observers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Movement of a observers"

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Rotman, Gerben, Nikolaus F. Troje, Roland S. Johansson, and J. Randall Flanagan. "Eye Movements When Observing Predictable and Unpredictable Actions." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 3 (September 2006): 1358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00227.2006.

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We previously showed that, when observers watch an actor performing a predictable block-stacking task, the coordination between the observer's gaze and the actor's hand is similar to the coordination between the actor's gaze and hand. Both the observer and the actor direct gaze to forthcoming grasp and block landing sites and shift their gaze to the next grasp or landing site at around the time the hand contacts the block or the block contacts the landing site. Here we compare observers' gaze behavior in a block manipulation task when the observers did and when they did not know, in advance, which of two blocks the actor would pick up first. In both cases, observers managed to fixate the target ahead of the actor's hand and showed proactive gaze behavior. However, these target fixations occurred later, relative to the actor's movement, when observers did not know the target block in advance. In perceptual tests, in which observers watched animations of the actor reaching partway to the target and had to guess which block was the target, we found that the time at which observers were able to correctly do so was very similar to the time at which they would make saccades to the target block. Overall, our results indicate that observers use gaze in a fashion that is appropriate for hand movement planning and control. This in turn suggests that they implement representations of the manual actions required in the task and representations that direct task-specific eye movements.
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Brown, Liana E., Elizabeth T. Wilson, Sukhvinder S. Obhi, and Paul L. Gribble. "Effect of Trial Order and Error Magnitude on Motor Learning by Observing." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 3 (September 2010): 1409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01047.2009.

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Watching an actor make reaching movements in a perturbing force field provides the observer with information about how to compensate for that force field. Here we asked two questions about the nature of information provided to the observer. Is it important that the observer learn the difference between errant (curved) movements and goal (straight) movements by watching the actor progress in a relatively orderly fashion from highly curved to straight movements over a series of trials? Or is it sufficient that the observer sees only reaching errors in the force field (FF)? In the first experiment, we found that observers performed better if they observed reaches in a FF that was congruent, rather than incongruent, with the FF used in a later test. Observation-trial order had no effect on performance, suggesting that observers understood the goal in advance and perhaps learned about the force-field by observing movement curvature. Next we asked whether observers learn optimally by observing the actor's mistakes (high-error trials), if they learn by watching the actor perform with expertise in the FF (low-error trials), or if they need to see contrast between errant and goal behavior (a mixture of both high- and low-error trials). We found that observers who watched high-error trials were most affected by observation but that significant learning also occurred if observers watched only some high-error trials. This result suggests that observers learn to adapt their reaching to an unpredictable FF best when they see the actor making mistakes.
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Alshaer, Abdulaziz, David O’Hare, Philippe Archambault, Mark Shirley, and Holger Regenbrecht. "How to Observe Users’ Movements in Virtual Environments: Viewpoint Control in a Power Wheelchair Simulator." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 656–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819853682.

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Objective We describe a networked, two-user virtual reality (VR) power wheelchair (PWC) simulator system in which an actor (client) and an observer (clinician) meet. We then present a study with 15 observers (expert clinicians) evaluating the effect of three principal forms of viewpoint control (egocentric-egomotion, egocentric-tethered, and client-centric) on the observer’s assessment of driving tasks in a virtual environment (VE). Background VR allows for the simulation and assessment of real-world tasks in a controlled, safe, and repeatable environment. Observing users’ movement behavior in such a VE requires appropriate viewpoint control for the observer. The VR viewpoint user interface should allow an observer to make judgments equivalent or even superior to real-world situations. Method A purpose-built VR PWC simulator was developed. In a series of PWC driving tasks, we measured the perceived ease of use and sense of presence of the observers and compared the virtual assessment with real-world “gold standard” scores, including confidence levels in judgments. Results Findings suggest that with more immersive techniques, such as egomotion and tethered egocentric viewpoints, judgments are both more accurate and more confident. The ability to walk and/or orbit around the view significantly affected the observers’ sense of presence. Conclusion Incorporating the observer into the VE, through egomotion, is an effective method for assessing users’ behavior in VR with implications for the transferability of virtual experiences to the real world. Application Our application domain serves as a representative example for tasks where the movement of users through a VE needs to be evaluated.
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Sorkin, Robert D., Frederic L. Wightman, Doris S. Kistler, and Greg C. Elvers. "An Exploratory Study of the Use of Movement-Correlated Cues in an Auditory Head-Up Display." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 31, no. 2 (April 1989): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088903100205.

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An auditory head-up display (AHUD) can provide a pilot with information about target azimuth and elevation. The AHUD presents headphone stimuli whose apparent position is fixed relative to the cockpit and invariant with respect to head movement. In normal (movement-linked) operation the AHUD samples the head position and then corrects the headphone stimuli so that they are perceived to be at fixed positions in physical space. This experiment tested the ability of observers to localize targets with an AHUD under different movement conditions. After listening to a sequence of three signals, the observer had to indicate the target's location. Three different conditions relating the observer's head movement to the target's spatial position were tested: (a) target fixed in physical space (normal AHUD mode), (b) no head movement allowed, and (c) target fixed in position relative to the observer's head. Azimuthal localization was much better when the position of the stimulus was veridically correlated with head movement, demonstrating the contribution of visual, kinesthetic, and vestibular cues to sound localization.
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Ono, Hiroshi, and Hiroyasu Ujike. "Motion Parallax Driven by Head Movements: Conditions for Visual Stability, Perceived Depth, and Perceived Concomitant Motion." Perception 34, no. 4 (April 2005): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5221.

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Yoking the movement of the stimulus on the screen to the movement of the head, we examined visual stability and depth perception as a function of head-movement velocity and parallax. In experiment 1, for different head velocities, observers adjusted the parallax to find (a) the depth threshold and (b) the concomitant-motion threshold. Between these thresholds, depth was seen with no perceived motion. In experiment 2, for different head velocities, observers adjusted the parallax to produce the same perceived depth. A slower head movement required a greater parallax to produce the same perceived depth as faster head movements. In experiment 3, observers reported the perceived depth for different parallax magnitudes. Perceived depth covaried with smaller parallax without motion perception, but began to decrease with larger parallax and concomitant motion was seen. Only motion was seen with the larger parallax.
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Pyke, GH, and HF Recher. "Estimated Forest Bird Densities by Variable Distance Point Counts." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850307.

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During variable distance point counts a stationary observer records the species and distance for all birds detected during a fixed time interval. Such counts, repeated throughout the area of interest, can be used to estimate bird density so long as the following assumptions are made: (1) the distribution of birds is unaffected by the observer; (2) observers are certain of detecting near birds; (3) there is no error in measurement or estimation of distances; and (4) birds are stationary. Data collected during the present study indicated that at least two of these assumptions are not satisfied: estimates of distance based on sound are inaccurate and observers do not always detect near birds. No effect of observer presence on bird distribution was detected nor did there appear to be any significant movement of birds during counts. We recommend that bird counts be based only on sight detections and that, when bird movement is significant, instantaneous counts be used.
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Aransih, Miskatyas Putri, and Rizki Edmi Edison. "The Naturalness of Biological Movement by Individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions: Taking Neurotypical Individuals’ Viewpoint." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 2574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.392.

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BACKGROUND: When an action is being observed, it is matched to the observer’s internal representation of the action. The more similar, the more the action is perceived as natural. A factor influencing judgement of naturalness is the kinematic features of a movement. However, these features could be altered due to certain conditions that can modify movement such as Autism Spectrum Disorders. As a result, neurotypical observers may fail to interpret the action due to impaired naturalness. AIM: This work aims to investigate (1) whether neurotypical observers judge the autistic individuals’ movement as less natural, (2) which kinematic factors (jerk, acceleration, velocity and size) contribute to their perception and (3) whether cue reliance correlates with autistic traits. METHODS: Thirty neurotypical participants (20 – 33 years old; 15 males) completed autistic trait screening questionnaires (ADC, TAS-20, AQ). They completed a computer task showing 2D side-to-side arm movements recorded from neurotypical and autistic individuals. Finally, they rated the naturalness of the observed movements, and how certain they were with their answer. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the participants’ perception of naturalness of the two movement groups. Jerk, acceleration and velocity contributed to shaping the participants’ perception with a jerk as the most significant factor. The correlation between the participants’ autistic trait and both their perception of naturalness as well as of each kinematic cue were not significant. CONCLUSION: Our neurotypical participants perceived the autistic movements as less natural. Their perceptions were influenced mainly by the jerk as well as acceleration and velocity of the autistic movements. Autistic traits in the participants did not correlate to their perception of movement naturalness nor to any of the kinematic factors.
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Cañal-Bruland, Rouwen, and A. Mark Williams. "Recognizing and Predicting Movement Effects." Experimental Psychology 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000038.

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It is not clear whether the critical features used to discriminate movements are identical to those involved in predicting the same movement’s effects and consequently, whether the mechanisms underlying recognition and anticipation differ. We examined whether people rely on different kinematic information when required to recognize differences in the movement pattern in comparison to when they have to anticipate the outcome of these same movements. Naïve participants were presented with paired presentations of point-light animated tennis shots that ended at racket-ball contact. We instructed them either to judge whether the movements observed were the same or different or to predict shot direction (left vs. right). In addition, we locally manipulated the kinematics of point-light figures in an effort to identify the critical features used when making recognition and anticipation judgments. It appears that observers rely on different sources of information when required to recognize movement differences compared to when they need to anticipate the outcome of the same observed movements. Findings are discussed with reference to recent ideas focusing on the role of perceptual and motor resonance in perceptual judgments.
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Garcia, Nicholas A., Keith S. Jones, and Benjamin P. Widlus. "Does Restricting an Observer’s Arm Movements Degrade Their Judgments of Others’ Reaching Abilities?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631090.

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Summary Observers can perceive others’ action capabilities. These actions include observers’ abilities to perceive the maximum height that an actor can sit, step across a gap, climb in a bipedal manner, or reach an object (Stoffregen et al., 1999; Mark, 2007; Ramenzoni et al., 2008a, 2008b). While observers’ abilities to perceive others’ action capabilities have been widely studied, researchers debate the information to which observers attend when making such judgments. Some have argued observers attend to actor-environment relations when perceiving others’ action capabilities (e.g., Stoffregen et al., 1999; Mark, 2007; Ramenzoni et al., 2008a). From this perspective, observers attend to relations between relevant characteristics of the actor’s body (e.g., leg length) and their environment (e.g., step height) to perceive actors’ action capabilities (e.g., stair-climbing ability). This perspective has empirical support. For example, observers differentiated short and tall actors’ maximum sitting heights but only when the actors and sitting apparatus were presented in the same scale (Stoffregen et al., 1999). Others have argued observers attend to observer-environment relations when perceiving others’ capabilities (e.g., Knoblich & Sebanz, 2006; Ramenzoni et al., 2008b; Gallese & Sinigaglia, 2011). From this perspective, observers perceive their own action capabilities (Step 1), which serve as a model for the actor’s action capabilities and then adjust that model (Step 2) to account for observer-actor differences (Knoblich & Sebanz, 2006; Gallese & Sinigaglia, 2011). This perspective also has empirical support. For example, observers wearing ankle weights underestimated actors’ maximum jump-to-reach heights (Ramenzoni et al., 2008b). The present study further investigated whether observers attend to observer-environment relations when perceiving others’ maximum reach capabilities. Participants ( n = 34) made judgments about a confederate’s maximum reach capability while participants’ arms were held either freely by their sides (Unrestricted Condition) or placed behind their back (Restricted Condition). Widlus and Jones (2017) demonstrated that such arm restriction led to more erroneous judgments about one’s own reaching capabilities. To make judgments, participants directed the confederate to the farthest point from a hanging object that would still afford the confederate the ability to reach the object. If observers attend to observer-environment relations when judging the confederate’s maximum reach capability, then 1) judgment error would be greater in the Restricted condition than in the Unrestricted condition, 2) judgments would align with observers’ capabilities better than with the confederate’s, and 3) judgment error would positively correlate with the degree of dissimilarity between observers’ and the confederate’s action capabilities. The experiment used a within-subjects design. The independent variable was observer arm exploration, which consisted of two levels: unrestricted and restricted arm exploration. The dependent variable was the participant’s judgment of the farthest distance the confederate could reach. This was operationalized as the distance between the confederate’s clavicle and the to-be-reached object, once participants had directed the confederate to the position where they believed the confederate could just reach the object. Those judgments served as the basis for several measures. The present study’s results suggested arm restriction did not increase judgment error. Second, judgments did not align with observers’ capabilities better than with the confederate’s. Third, judgment error did not positively correlate with the degree of dissimilarity between observers’ and the confederate’s action capabilities. Collectively, these outcomes provide consistent evidence that observers did not base their judgments of the confederate’s reaching capabilities on observer-environment relations. Instead, these results are consistent with previous studies that support the possibility that observers based their judgments on actor-environment relations (Stoffregen et al., 1999; Ramenzoni et al., 2008a). Understanding how observers judge others’ action capabilities allows us to better predict errors that may occur in operational settings, e.g., whether a firefighter will inaccurately judge whether their partner can accomplish a given task. Human factors professionals can then develop solutions to mitigate such errors, e.g., equipment redesign to better reveal actor-environment relations.
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Benson, M. J., F. D. Castillo, D. L. Wingate, J. Demetrakopoulos, and N. M. Spyrou. "The computer as referee in the analysis of human small bowel motility." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 264, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): G645—G654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.4.g645.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether visual analysis of graphic records of small bowel motility is a reliable method of discriminating pressure events caused by bowel wall contraction from those of extraenteric origin and to compare this method with computerized analysis. Each of six independent observers was supplied with the same pair of records of 1 h of fasting diurnal duodenojejunal motility, acquired with a 3-channel ambulant data-logging system; one record included many artifacts due to body movement while the other did not. The observers were asked to identify and classify pressure events and to measure the duration and amplitude of "true" contractions. A computer program for on-line analysis is described; the algorithm was designed to overcome the problems of a variable baseline and sudden changes in pressure due to body movements that are unavoidable in prolonged recording from the small bowel of ambulant subjects. For regular contractions (phase III of migrating motor complex) there was good agreement between observers but not for irregular contractions, particularly when movement artifacts were abundant. When the observers were asked to repeat the analysis 6 mo later, there was poor agreement with their original identification of irregular contractions and artifacts. There was, however, good agreement between the computer analysis, which was totally reproducible, and the median decisions of the observer group; this agreement supports the validity of our computer algorithm. We conclude that computer analysis is not merely a valuable ergonomic aid for analysis of large quantity of data acquired in prolonged ambulatory monitoring, but also that, even for brief recordings, it provides a standard of reproducibility unmatched by "expert" inspection. Visual analysis is unreliable and thus susceptible to subjective bias; this may, in part, account for conflicting reports of small bowel motility under similar conditions reported by different workers in our own and other laboratories.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Movement of a observers"

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Řízek, Matěj. "Galerie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232416.

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It is a half-material imaginary architecture that guides the movement of a viewer. Or takes place to stop the viewer in me creating environment. Construction visually "disturbs" the space to a minimum, but the movement of the viewer will be completely different.
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Samaritter, Rosemarie. "Inside the mirror : effects of attuned dance-movement intervention on interpersonal engagement as observed in changes of movement patterns in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16572.

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The research presented in this thesis is an explorative study into the basic concepts and the effects of dance movement psychotherapy (DMP) intervention on the attunement behaviours of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). From a retrospective analysis of positively evaluated single cases of DMP with ASD participants, movement markers of interpersonal relating behaviours have been formulated in terms of Social Engagement and Attunement Movement (SEAM) behaviours. These were organised into an observation scale, and used subsequently to generate nominal observation data on the behaviours of a small sample of children with ASD. Evaluation with the SEAM observation scale yielded a significant increase of SEAM behaviours in the course of the dance therapy. Retrospective analysis of the actions of the therapist throughout four single cases of DMP with ASD participants yielded a specific approach that was described as Shared Movement Approach (SMA). SMA has been specified as an improvisation based method of DMP that takes the child's interpersonal attunement and engagement behaviours as cues for the therapist to accommodate her interventions, so that the child's interpersonal relating behaviours are facilitated and supported. Through her kinaesthetically informed interventions the DMP therapist contributes to an increase of interpersonal engagement and attunement by the ASD participant from within the shared movement actions. The SEAM observation scale was explored on conceptual clarity and consistency in a group of independent movement analysts, and interrater agreement was used as an indication of its contents validity. An interval rating procedure with the SEAM scale yielded the best results on interrater agreement as expressed in Cohen's kappa. The Shared Movement Approach and the SEAM observation scale were then tested for replication of outcome on SEAM behaviours within four repeated single subject cases in a pilot study in a Dutch outpatient clinical setting. The outcome monitoring yielded the replication of increase of interpersonal relating behaviours as measured with the SEAM observation scale. Within subject therapy outcomes, although diverse in their individual profiles, were found to be significant when analysed with non-parametric tests. Group averages showed a significant increase of SEAM behaviours. The effects beyond therapy were evaluated with the somatic and social sub-scales of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), showing individual differences and a significant problem reduction on average. The outcomes as experienced by the juvenile participants were evaluated with the somatic and social sub-scales of the Youth Self Report (YSR), which on average showed a significant decrease of experienced social and somatic problems. The results obtained are discussed in view of current theories on experiential approaches and concepts for psychotherapy with an ASD population.
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Putrino, David. "Single unit and correlated neural activity observed in the cat motor cortex during a reaching movement." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0124.

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[Truncated abstract] The goal of this research was to investigate some of the ways that neurons located in the primary motor cortex (MI) code for skilled movement. The task-related and temporally correlated spike activity that occurred during the performance of a goal-directed reaching and retrieval task invloving multiple motion elements and limbs was evaluated in cats. The contributions made by different neuronal subtypes loctaed in MI (which were identified based upon extracellular spiking features0 to the coding of movement was also investigated. Spike activity was simulateously recorded from microelectrodes that were chronically implanted into the motor cortex of both cerebral hemispheres. Task-related neurons modulated their activity during the reaching and retrieval movements of one forelimb, or the postural reactions of the contralateral forelimb and ipsilateral hindlimb. Spike durations and baseline firing rates of neurons were used to distinguish between putative excitatory (Regular Spiking; RS) and inhibitory (Fast Spiking; FS) neurons in the cortex. Frame by frame video analysis of the task was used to subdivide each task trial into stages (e.g. premovement, reach, withdraw and feed) and relate modulations in neural activity to the individual task stages. Task-related neurons were classified as either narrowly tuned or broadly tuned depending on whether their activity modulated during a single task stage or more than one stage respectively. Recordings were made from 163 task-related neurons, and temporal correlations in the spike activity of simultaneously recorded neurons were identified using shuffle corrected cross-correlograms on 662 different neuronal pairs.... The results of this research suggest that temporally correlated activity may reflect the activation of intracortical and callosal connections between a variety of efferent zones involved in task performance, playing a role in the coordination of muscles and limbs during motor tasks. The differences in the patterns of task-related activity, and in the incidence of significant neuronal interactions that were observed between the RS and FS neuronal populations implies that they make different contributions to the coding of movement in MI.
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Corcoran, Briana Christine. "Duration and distance of hyoid bone movement as observed by ultrasound: The influences of flavor and nectar-thick consistency." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303160299.

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Harjung, Anna Joy. "The Effects of the Evangelical Reformation Movement on Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte as Observed in Mansfield Park and Jane Eyre." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93256.

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This thesis attempts to clarify how the authors incorporated their theological beliefs in their writing to more clearly discover, although modern audiences often enjoy both authors, why Charlotte Bronte was unimpressed with Jane Austen. The thesis is an examination of the ways in which Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte interact with the Evangelical Reformation within the Anglican Church in their novels Mansfield Park and Jane Eyre, respectively. Both authors, as daughters of Anglican clergymen, were aware of and influenced by the movement, but at varying degrees. This project begins with a brief explanation of the state of the Anglian Church and beginnings of the Evangelical Reformation. The thesis then examines George Austen's influence on his daughter and the characters and text of Mansfield Park to observe the ways in which traditional Anglicanism and tenets of Evangelicalism are discussed in the novel, revealing more clearly where Austen's personal beliefs aligned. Similarly, the project then analyzes Patrick Bronte's influence on Charlotte Bronte and evaluates the characters and text of Jane Eyre to mark the significance of the Evangelical movement on Charlotte Bronte. After studying these works and religious components of their lives, the thesis argues that Austen's traditionally Anglican subtlety with the subject of religion did not appeal to Bronte's passion for the subject, clearly inspired by the Evangelical Reformation.
Master of Arts
Charlotte Brontë was unimpressed with the writing of Jane Austen, which is surprising as the audience for one author usually also enjoys the other author as well. Although the specific reason for Brontë’s distaste for Austen is unknown, this thesis proposes that Brontë disagreed with how Austen portrayed Evangelicalism. Both Brontë and Austen were Anglican clergymen’s daughters, and they both grew up with an awareness of the Evangelical Reformation occurring in the Anglican Church. Brontë was influenced by the movement more, which this thesis shows after first outlining the Evangelical Reformation, exploring Austen’s relationship with it and how it appears in Mansfield Park, and then examining Brontë’s relationship with the Reformation and how it appears in Jane Eyre as well. This thesis contains brief historical and biographical sketches of the authors and their families, literary examinations of the novels Mansfield Park and Jane Eyre to study how the authors interacted with the Evangelical ideals, and an analysis that looks at faith in these two novels in a comparative way to explain why Brontë might have disagreed with and therefore disliked Austen’s writing.
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Ruston, Sally A. "Movements of the cervical spine observed by diagnostic ultrasound." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21326.

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An investigation was undertaken to ascertain if standard diagnostic ultrasound equipment was capable of imaging the cervical spine and observing intersegmental motion. Cervical spine anatomy was reviewed with particular attention paid to the location and structure of the ligaments, fascia and articular structures of the region. A real-time B-scanner and 5MHz probe was selected for the project. Using a model spine within a waterbath, experience in image collection and interpretation was gained. The axial and lateral resolution of the scanner was tested. The ability of the scanner to measure a known distance using its caliper function was tested against other methods of measurement. Peripheral joints were scanned with ultrasound and were X-rayed. A set distance on both of the images was measured to see if the two methods were comparable. In vivo scanning of the neck revealed two positions for the probe which were the most useful. The body type of the patient was important to the quality of the scan achieved. Muscular or necks with much adipose tissue would produce poor quality scans. It was possible to image the laminae and the vertebra in transverse section. The motion between laminae and the motion of the vertebra as seen in the transverse view was possible to observe. The quantification of motion still requires attention.
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Olsen, Gunnhild Konstanse Hoff. "Nonlinear Observers for Parametric Roll." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18915.

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Parametric roll resonance is a dangerous resonance phenomenon affecting several kinds of ships, such as cruise ships, fishing vessels and container ships. In a worst case scenario parametric roll resonance may lead to roll angles of up to 50 degrees, capsizing of the vessel, or damage of goods and ship for tens of millions of dollars, citep{Ginsberg1998}.Accurate equations in the model for the ship motion are important because they are directly related to the observer design. There has been done allot of mathematical investigations on the problem. In this work, we use a standard model for parametric roll, and express it in state-space form. We establish an augmented state-space model by adding wave-induced forces to the nonlinear state-space model.We revise Lie Derivatives, and use an observability check for nonlinear systems, to derive conditions for nonlinear observability of our system.A Matlab/Simulink model is implemented, and shows that the state space modelis good for simulation of a ship exhibiting parametric roll.The main goal of this thesis has been to investigate different observers for state estimation of a ship exhibiting parametric roll. The wave encounter frequency is estimated by implementing an extended Kalman filter, and in turn an unscented Kalman filter. By comparing the two filters, we conclude that the unscented Kalman filter has better empirical results for estimation of the states of a ship in parametric roll resonance condition. Also attention has been paid to estimation of the direction of the incoming waves.In this thesis the wave direction has been estimated by implementing an extended Kalman filter, and consequently by implementing speed and heading controllers.
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Henningsson, Johan. "Fund managers as cultured observers /." Västerås : School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, Mälarddalen University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-1580.

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Haskara, Ibrahim. "Sliding mode controllers and observers." Connect to resource, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157562285.

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Brody, Ross Paul. "On The Stochastic Behavior of Brownian Particles in Potential Wells, as Observed with Optical Traps." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BrodyRP2008.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Movement of a observers"

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Understanding Maoists: Notes of a participant observer from Andhra Pradesh. Kolkata: Setu Prakashani, 2013.

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Perry, Charles A. Observed and simulated distribution of selected herbicides in silty loam, sandy loam, and clay soil profiles near Topeka, Kansas, 1986-88. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Knight, Damon. The observers. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 1989.

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Knight, Damon. The observers. New York: TOR Books, 1988.

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Meteors and how to observe them. New York: Springer, 2009.

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Woodman, Harry. German observers' guns. Berkhamsted: Albatros Publications, 2001.

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Herbert, Ric D. Observers and Macroeconomic Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5583-4.

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Besançon, Gildas. Nonlinear Observers and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73503-8.

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Smith, Orson P. Observers guide to sea ice. [Silver Spring, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, 2007.

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United States. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service and National Ice Center (U.S.), eds. Observers guide to sea ice. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Ice Center, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Movement of a observers"

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Brandon, Scott C. E., Colin R. Smith, and Darryl G. Thelen. "Simulation of Soft Tissue Loading from Observed Movement Dynamics." In Handbook of Human Motion, 1–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30808-1_172-1.

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Brandon, Scott C. E., Colin R. Smith, and Darryl G. Thelen. "Simulation of Soft Tissue Loading from Observed Movement Dynamics." In Handbook of Human Motion, 395–428. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14418-4_172.

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Gans, Roger F. "Observers." In Mechanical Systems, 333–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08371-1_9.

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Gourgoulhon, Éric. "Observers." In Special Relativity in General Frames, 63–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37276-6_3.

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Sun, Shaorong. "Observers." In Five Basic Institution Structures and Institutional Economics, 33–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0344-8_3.

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Sciore, Edward. "Observers." In Java Program Design, 353–88. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4143-1_10.

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Mariano, Paolo Maria, and Luciano Galano. "Observers." In Fundamentals of the Mechanics of Solids, 69–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3133-0_2.

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Oberst, Ulrich, Martin Scheicher, and Ingrid Scheicher. "Observers." In Linear Time-Invariant Systems, Behaviors and Modules, 639–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43936-1_11.

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Cowie, Roddy, Dearbhaile Bradley, and Mark Livingstone. "Using observer-controlled movement and expectations of regularity to recover tridimensional structure." In AI and Cognitive Science ’90, 178–92. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3542-5_12.

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Andreoni, Giuseppe, Marco Rabuffetti, and Antonio Pedotti. "Simulation of Complex Human Movement Through the Modulation of Observed Motor Tasks." In Digital Human Modeling, 3–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73321-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Movement of a observers"

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Fdili Alaoui, Sarah, Kristin Carlson, Shannon Cuykendall, Karen Bradley, Karen Studd, and Thecla Schiphorst. "How do experts observe movement?" In MOCO '15: Intersecting Art, Meaning, Cognition, Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2790994.2791000.

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Naceri, Abdeldjallil, Thierry Hoinville, Ryad Chellali, Jesus Ortiz, and Shannon Hennig. "Do Observers Perceive Depth in Reaching Task Within Virtual Environments?" In ASME 2011 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2011-5523.

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The main objective of this paper is to investigate whether observers are able to perceive depth of virtual objects within virtual environments during reaching tasks. In other words, we tackled the question of observer immersion in a displayed virtual environment. For this purpose, eight observers were asked to reach for a virtual objects displayed within their peripersonal space in two conditions: condition one provided a small virtual sphere that was displayed beyond the subjects index finger as an extension of their hand and condition two provided no visual feedback. In addition, audio feedback was provided when the contact with the virtual object was made in both conditions. Although observers slightly overestimated depth within the peripersonal space, they accurately aimed for the virtual objects based on the kinematics analysis. Furthermore, no significant difference was found concerning the movement between conditions for all observers. Observers accurately targeted the virtual point correctly with regard to time and space. This suggests the virtual environment sufficiently simulated the information normally present in the central nervous system.
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Jing Cui and Zhongyi Chu. "Design of disturbance observer for air ball movement system." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering (ICEICE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceice.2011.5777645.

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Hild, Jutta, Michael Voit, Christian Kühnle, and Jürgen Beyerer. "Predicting observer's task from eye movement patterns during motion image analysis." In ETRA '18: 2018 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3204493.3204575.

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Watt, Simon J., Mark F. Bradshaw, Paul B. Hibbard, Ian R. L. Davies, Neil S. Stringer, and Andrew R. Willis. "Can observers exploit enhanced motion parallax to control reaching movements within telepresence environments?" In Photonics West 2001 - Electronic Imaging, edited by Bernice E. Rogowitz and Thrasyvoulos N. Pappas. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.429513.

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Bradshaw, Mark F., Paul B. Hibbard, Rob van der Willigen, Simon J. Watt, Ian R. L. Davies, Neil S. Stringer, Nick Beagley, and Andrew R. Willis. "Can observers exploit enhanced-disparity information to control reaching movements within telepresence environments?" In Electronic Imaging, edited by John O. Merritt, Stephen A. Benton, Andrew J. Woods, and Mark T. Bolas. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.384450.

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Zamir, Evan A., Brenda J. Rongish, and Charles D. Little. "Dynamic Movement of Sub-Epiblastic ECM During Primitive Streak Formation." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-189864.

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A well known “Polonaise” pattern of epiblast cell movements accompanies formation of the amniote primitive streak (PS), which is the organizing center for gastrulation. Although the movements observed in classical (text book) and modern studies appear similar, the biophysical mechanisms driving these movements are unknown. In comparison to studies of dynamic cellular movements during PS formation, and more generally, gastrulation, there is a relative paucity of data regarding movement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) lying adjacent to the ventral surface of the epiblast. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated decades ago the presence of a nascent basement membrane-like structure, which we refer to as the sub-epiblastic ECM (SE ECM), containing, at least, fibronectin [1] and collagen [1]. Using ultrastructural markers, Sanders [2] found that the SE ECM is transported medially to the PS with the epiblast cells. Almost two decades later, Bortier et al. [3] grafted radiolabeled quail cells into the epiblasts of chicken blastoderms, and concluded that whole groups of epiblast cells slide across (move relative to) the SE ECM — thus, contradicting Sanders’ earlier findings.
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Kowalczyk, Kamil, and Joanna Kuczynska-Siehien. "Testing Correlation between Vertical Crustal Movements and Geoid Uplift for North Eastern Polish Border Areas." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.206.

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Long time span of observations from GNSS permanent stations can be used in the development of models of vertical crustal movements. The absolute vertical crustal movement related to the ellipsoid consists of the observed movement with relation to the mean sea level, the eustatic movement and the geoid uplift. The geoid uplift can be determined from GRACE satellite mission observations. The calculated parameters can be compared with the theoretical ones. The aim of this study is to check the correlation between vertical crustal movements and a geoid height variations determined from satellite data. GNSS data, levelling data and satellite observations for north eastern Polish border areas were used as a case study. Temporal variations of geoid were calculated based on the geopotential models from GRACE satellite observations. The obtained results give an overview of a possibility of the proposed method usage.
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Mughal, Asif M., and Kamran Iqbal. "Fuzzy reduced order observer-controller design for biomechanical sit-to-stand movement." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844733.

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Ben Hammouda, Majdi, and Kaouther Laabidi. "STM32 implementation of state observer of the longitudinal movement of an aircraft." In 2014 15th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sta.2014.7086679.

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Reports on the topic "Movement of a observers"

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Grodecki, Thomas S. Military Observers 1815-1975. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada194175.

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Zilberman, Mark. Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources. Intellectual Archive, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2437.

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The hypothetical “Dimming Effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a moving light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems, the “Dimming effect” may occur due to the growing distance of light sources moving away from the receiver. This means that due to the growing distance, the photons continuously require more time to reach the receiver, which reduces the number of received photons per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons. Understandably, the proposed “Dimming effect” must be tested (confirmed or rejected) through observations. a. This article provides the formula for the calculation of “Dimming effect” values using the redshift parameter Z widely used in astronomy. b. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. In accordance to the “Dimming effect”, observers on Earth will view 1.0001 more photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction of the Earth orbiting the Sun. And, in contrast, observers will view only 0.9999 photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction opposite to the Earth orbiting the Sun. Calculating precise measurements of the same stars within a 6-month period can possibly detect this difference. These changes in brightness are not only for specific stars, as the change in brightness takes place for all stars near the ecliptic in the direction of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and in the opposite direction. c. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected in a physics laboratory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the direction of travel and in the opposite direction. d. In theory, Dilation of time can also be used for testing the existence of the “Dimming effect.” However, in experiments on Earth this effect appears in only the 14th digit after the decimal point and testing does not appear to be feasible. e. Why is it important to test the “Dimming effect?” If confirmed, it would allow astronomers to adjust values of "Standard Candles" used in astronomy. Since “Standard Candles” are critical in various cosmological models, the “Dimming effect” can correct models and/or reveal and support new models. If it is proved that the “Dimming effect” does not exist, it will mean that the number of photons arriving per unit of time does not depend on the speed of the light source and observer, which is not so apparent.
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Creel, Joe C., and James M. Wright. Coalition Logistics - The Multinational Force and Observers Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada168510.

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Demetriou, M. A., R. F. Curtain, and K. Ito. Adaptive Observers for Structurally Perturbed Positive Real Delay Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446727.

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Lally, Michael J. Movement Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363952.

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Porte, Robert. Migration / Movement. Portland State University Library, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.241.

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O'Steen, Thomas W. Multinational Force and Observers: Peacekeeping in Support of National Interests. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589497.

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Hung, P., M. Ayama, D. Bonci, H. Chen, L. Fernandes, A. Kvitle, N. Milić, et al. CIE 240:2020 Enhancement of Images for Colour-Deficient Observers. International Commission on Illumination (CIE), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.240.2020.

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Baras, J. S., A. Bensoussan, and M. R. James. Dynamic Observers as Asymptotic Limits of Recursive Filters: Special Cases,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada187578.

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Couture, R., and W. Sladen. Slope movement monitoring. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293170.

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