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Abili, Nimi Inko. "Subsea fluid sampling to maximise production asset in offshore field development." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10017.
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The acquisition of representative subsea fluid sampling from offshore field development asset is crucial for the correct evaluation of oil reserves and for the design of subsea production facilities. Due to rising operational expenditures, operators and manufacturers have been working hard to provide systems to enable cost effective subsea fluid sampling solutions. To achieve this, any system has to collect sufficient sample volumes to ensure statistically valid characterisation of the sampled fluids. In executing the research project, various subsea sampling methods used in the offshore industry were examined and ranked using multi criteria decision making; a solution using a remote operated vehicle was selected as the preferred method, to compliment the subsea multiphase flowmeter capability, used to provide well diagnostics to measure individual phases – oil, gas, and water. A mechanistic (compositional fluid tracking) model is employed, using the fluid properties that are equivalent to the production flow stream being measured, to predict reliable reservoir fluid characteristics on the subsea production system. This is applicable even under conditions where significant variations in the reservoir fluid composition occur in transient production operations. The model also adds value in the decision to employ subsea processing in managing water breakthrough as the field matures. This can be achieved through efficient processing of the fluid with separation and boosting delivered to the topside facilities or for water re-injection to the reservoir. The combination of multiphase flowmeter, remote operated vehicle deployed fluid sampling and the mechanistic model provides a balanced approach to reservoir performance monitoring. Therefore, regular and systematic field tailored application of subsea fluid sampling should provide detailed understanding on formation fluid, a basis for accurate prediction of reservoir fluid characteristic, to maximize well production in offshore field development.
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Giss, Helene [Verfasser]. "MPFL-Rekonstruktion nach fehlgeschlagener patellastabilisierender Voroperation / Helene Giss." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119894026/34.
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Diedrich, Theresa. "Ergebnisse nach MPFL-Ersatzplastik bei chronischer Patellainstabilität Ersteingriff vs. Revisionseingriff Einfluss individueller Parameter auf das Outcome der Operation." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-204003.
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Das mediale patello-femorale Ligament (MPFL) wurde in den letzten Jahren und Jahrzehnten als maßgeblicher passiver Stabilisator der Kniescheibe identifiziert und in biomechanischen Studien beschrieben. Auch wurden die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der operativen Rekonstruktion des MPFL und deren klinisches Outcome bei patellofemoraler Instabilität in zahlreichen Studien beschrieben sowie relevante Ergebnisse für den klinischen Alltag formuliert. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die MPFL-Ersatzplastik als Revisionseingriff mit dem Outcome bei Primäreingriffen zu vergleichen und Faktoren zu bestimmen, die das klinische Outcome beeinflussen.
Hierzu wurden 61 Patienten, die von Januar 2009 bis Dezember 2012 in der Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie des Diakoniekrankenhauses Friederikenstift gGmbH Hannover operativ mittels MPFL-Ersatzplastik stabilisiert worden sind, untersucht. Retrospektiv nach Aktenlage und im Rahmen einer klinischen Nachuntersuchung wurden anhand eines standardisierten Studienprotokolls verschiedene Ausgangs- und Outcome-Parameter erhoben und mittels IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2011 ausgewertet.
Es zeigte sich, dass die Patienten der Primärgruppe eine signifikante Verbesserung durch die Operation erzielen konnten, bei den Patienten der Revisionsgruppe traf dies nicht auf alle Parameter zu. Im Vergleich der Ausgangs- und Outcome-Parameter der Primär- und Revisionsgruppe zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede.
Des Weiteren zeigte sich, dass die Ausgangsparameter Alter bei OP, operativ-versorgte Seite, BMI, Beruf, generelle sportliche Betätigung, verwendete Fadenanker zur Transplantatfixierung an der Patella und Lage der Bohrkanäle in der Patella das Outcome der Operation signifikant beeinflussten.
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Ali, Samira Abdulla. "Investigation of a novel MPCM-S based PV/T system." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/14948.
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In order to meet energy conservation targets and minimize global warming effects, this research is aimed to rise the efficiency of the PV/T system. This research investigates the usage of microencapsulated phase change slurry (MPCM-S) to replace conventional cooling fluids such as water. The phase change materials (PCMs) are encapsulated in a polymer shell forming microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) to prevent leakage of the PCMs as well as increasing the thermal conductivity. Mixtures of (5%, 10% and 15%) of microencapsulated phase change materials in water (slurries) were investigated. The use of phase change materials (PCM) improves heat absorption from the PV module due to their high latent heat, consequently increasing thermal output of the system, and electrical output because the PV panel temperature is reduced. The research started with an intensive literature review covering all elements involved, and then the conceptual design of the experimental rig was developed. Theoretical investigations including a steady-state computerized simulation module were developed, this simulation validated depending on a previous research and showed good agreement with results from that published experimental study. This suggested that the computer module could successfully predict the operational performance of the module with satisfactory accuracy. A series of laboratory-based tests were conducted for a wide range of conditions and slurry concentrations. The results were compared to the computer simulation with the same parameters. It was found that the root mean square percentage deviations (RMSPE) between experimental and simulated results were generally under 4%, so considered acceptable for engineering application of PV/T system. A slurry concentration of 10% was found to give the best results. Under operational conditions of 10% MPCM concentration, 3000 Reynolds number and 600W/m2 solar radiation, an experimental test was conducted. The electricity and heat outputs of the system were 108 and 520 W respectively, the associated electrical and thermal efficiency were 14.1% and 68.8%, giving an overall efficiency of 82.9%. The economic analysis was carried out to investigate the feasibility of the MPCM-S based PV/T system in two different climates of Europe. It showed that the system generates higher annual electrical and heat of 488.29 and 2184.93 kWh in a hot climate (using Madrid as an example) than the annual electrical and heat of 323.12 and 1262.1 kWh for colder climate (Stockholm as an example). Consequently, the life cycle cost of MPCM-S based system per kWh were -0.068 and 0.019 GBP for Madrid and Stockholm respectively, and for water-based PV/T system were -0.038 and 0.028 GBP for Madrid and Stockholm respectively. Finally, the environmental effect of the system was investigated by calculating the life cycle CO2 emission reduction of MPCM-S based PV/T system in both climates, they were 11.75 and 6.9 tonnes for Madrid and Stockholm respectively, and for water-based PV/T system were 7 and 3.5 tonnes for Madrid and Stockholm respectively. Generally, the MPCM-S based PV/T system is more efficient than the conventional water-based PV/T systems as predicted, especially if it runs with 10% MPCM-S. It delivers higher electrical and heat outputs in hot climates in comparison with colder climates of Europe, consequently better economically and environmentally.
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Murphy, Martin P. "Components of MPF in the murine testis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336742.
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Nissar, Nahmed. "Analyzing internal shearing in compound landslides using MPM." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99142.
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Landslides cause significant damage worldwide and therefore epitomize the most important problems in geotechnical engineering. Hence, perceiving the mechanics involved in the deformation process of landslides is necessary for risk assessment. In addition to the resistance offered by basal shear surfaces, internal shearing also influences the stability and kinematics of compound landslides. For compound landslides, internal shearing is essential to develop feasible sliding mechanisms. The internal distortion is caused by the formation of shear bands that develop within the sliding mass. The strain localization is generally attributed to slope changes along the basal sliding surface (or topography) that constrain the strain field of the landslide. The development of these internal shear bands also controls the energy dissipation, and its distribution determines the final degradation of the material. This work focuses on the study of internal failure mechanisms that develop in compound landslides. A theoretical model of a compound landslide is numerically analyzed using the Material Point Method (MPM), a state-of-the-art numerical technique appropriate to model large deformation problems. The internal failure pattern is identified for different basal sliding geometries. Based on that, a generalized method is proposed to estimate the internal failure mechanism of bi-planar compound geometries. The material degradation and energy dissipation are evaluated in terms of the accumulated deviatoric strain and the reaction forces exerted by the landslide on a vertical wall. Moreover, preliminary studies are conducted to analyze the use of barriers as a mitigation strategy to counter landslide damage, and their efficiencies are investigated.Master of Science
Landslides consist of movement of rock and debris down a slope. They cause substantial damage each year and therefore represent an important class of problems in geotechnical engineering. Understanding the deformation process and internal shearing pattern occurring in landslides is an important aspect for assessing the risk that a landslide poses. The internal shear is caused due to the formation of shear bands that develop within the mass flowing down the slope and originate at the points of slope change on an incline. These shear bands also affect the amount of energy dissipated and the degradation of flow material. In this work, the internal failure mechanism in landslides is analyzed and effects on landslide kinematics are studied. Material Point Method (MPM) is used to simulate slope instabilities which is an advanced numerical technique appropriate for modeling large deformation problems such as landslides. Several theoretical models of compound landslides are presented considering variation in geometry (roundedness), friction, and slope angle. A generalized failure mechanism of a landslide is proposed based on its geometry and physical parameters. Finally, accumulated strains and reaction forces impacted by moving mass on a wall are calculated for different landslide geometries, and subsequently correlated to energy dissipation material degradation. These results also serve as a precursor to studying the role of barriers in mitigating landslide damage.
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Simpson, Zakery, Liza J. Hernandez, and Gerald A. 2024384 Deehan. "Adolescent alcohol-drinking leads to long lasting changes in the medial prefrontal cortex." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/192.
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A significant number of individuals begin drinking alcohol early in life during adolescence, a period in which their brain is developing. Drinking alcohol at an early age is linked to a greater likelihood that a person will become an alcoholic later in life. Levels of Glutamate (GLU), a major neurotransmitter, in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been directly linked to the expression of alcohol-use disorders. Thus, a better understanding of how childhood drinking produces alterations in the brain, thereby contributing to alcoholism, is needed. The current research utilized an animal model of alcoholism to examine the long range consequences of alcohol consumption during adolescence on GLU functioning within the mPFC in adulthood. It was hypothesized, adolescent drinking would lead to a higher levels of GLU in the mPFC in adulthood. Two groups of alcohol-preferring (P) rats received either free-access to alcohol (15% v/v) and water or water alone in their home cage (24 hrs a day; 7 days a week) during their adolescent period. At the end of the adolescent period, alcohol was removed and all animals were provided only water to drink for approximately 21 days. Next, animals were implanted with guide cannula aimed at infralimbic and prelimbic regions of the mPFC and provided one-week to recover before undergoing quantitative microdialysis, a method that allows for the direct sampling of GLU from brain tissue. During testing, samples were collected every 10 minutes and animals were first exposed to artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) followed by aCSF containing three GLU concentrations (1 µM, 5 µM , and 10 µM; presented in randomized order across rats). By exposing the animals to different levels of GLU, the average brain level of GLU can be established as well as how fast the brain is removing/clearing GLU. Samples were analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography a method that quantifies GLU levels in each sample. Analyses revealed a significantly lower level of GLU removal/clearance in the prelimbic region of the mPFC of the alcohol-drinking group compared to the water group. Analyses also revealed a significantly higher average level of GLU in the alcohol-drinking group compared to the water drinking control group. There were no differences between groups in average GLU levels or GLU clearance in the infralimbic region of the mPFC. Overall, the data from the current study suggest that the consumption of alcohol during adolescence may produce a long-lasting reduction of GLU removal/clearance thereby resulting in increased GLU levels within the prelimbic region of the mPFC. The current findings may represent a long-lasting change that happens in the brain when an individual consumes alcohol during adolescence which could then contribute to the development of an alcohol-use disorder later in life.
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Müller, Joachim [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung und Untersuchung von Polyacrylat-Beschichtungen mit mikroverkapselten Latentwärmespeichermaterialien (mPCM) / Joachim Müller." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1098040376/34.
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Yerro, Colom Alba. "MPM modelling of landslides in brittle and unsaturated soils." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401186.
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Landslides and slope instabilities represent one of the most important problems in geotechnics causing significant damages around the world every year. Understanding the mechanics of the whole process is of particular importance for risk assessment. First, it is important to determine what areas may be susceptible to landsliding. In addition, it is essential to estimate the travelled distance and the velocity of the unstable mass in order to prevent severe damage. The need to develop solution schemes capable of simulating failure initiation as well as post-failure dynamics is also required in most geotechnical analyses. For instance the design of dams, tunnels, pipes, foundations or embankments.
The prediction of such catastrophic episodes presents several challenges due to the complexities of real soil behaviour. In addition, the consideration of the coupled behaviour of soil and pore fluids is essential by means coupled hydromechanical formulations. Traditional geotechnical analysis, such as Limit Equilibrium Methods (LEM), and the well-known standard lagrangian Finite Element Methods (FEM) are very useful to study the failure initiation, but they provide limited information on the post-failure behaviour. In order to overcome such difficulties, modern numerical approaches are being developed. This is the case of the Material Point Method (MPM), which offers an interesting alternative. MPM discretises the media into a set of lagrangian material points which move attached to the material carrying the soil properties. Governing equations are solved incrementally at the nodes of a computational grid that remains fixed through the calculation. This dual description of the media prevents mesh distortion problems.
This Thesis focusses on studying brittle failures and slope instabilities, from static conditions to run-out. Relevant aspects for the interpretation of landslides are described: the development of progressive failure mechanism, the role played by internal shearing in compound slides, and the effect of brittleness on the onset of failure and run-out.
Different slope instabilities are presented. First, the Selborne slope experiment is simulated. This case, well identified with laboratory data, has been an opportunity to perform a validation of the MPM formulation. A simplified geometry of the Vajont landslide is also analysed in a second modelling. It has shown that a kinematically admissible failure mechanism requires internal shearing of the mobilised mass controlled by the geometry of the basal sliding surface. In addition, by means of a parametric study varying peak and residual strength, run-out is found to be directly related with brittleness index.
Finally, a step forward in the application of MPM to multi-phase problems in porous media has been achieved. In order to simulate the behaviour of unsaturated materials, MPM has been extended by means a coupled 3-phase 1-point MPM formulation. In this way, the interaction of three different phases (solid liquid and gas) is taken into account within each material point. This approach is validated by means the modelling of an infiltration problem. Finally, an embankment slope instability induced by heavy rain has been simulated.
Two constitutive models are used in the applications: a brittle model with strain softening for saturated soils, and a Mohr-Coulomb elastoplastic model formulated in terms of net stress and suction.Les esllavissades representen un dels problemes més destacats en el camp de la geotècnia ja que cada any causen danys importants arreu. La comprensió de la mecànica de tot el procés és de particular importància en l'avaluació de riscos. En primer lloc, és important determinar quines zones poden ser susceptibles a lliscaments o inestabilitats. A més a més, també és essencial estimar la velocitat i la distància recorreguda per la massa inestable. El desenvolupament de tècniques numèriques capaces de simular de forma unificada des de l'inici de la trencada fins a l'estabilització final són claus en problemes d'estabilitat de talussos però també en altres anàlisis geotècnics. Per exemple, en el disseny de preses, túnels, canonades, fonamentacions o terraplens. La predicció d'aquest tipus d'episodis catastròfics presenta diversos reptes a causa de la complexitat del comportament real del sòl. A més, la implementació de formulacions hidro-mecàniques és vital per tal de tenir en compte l'efecte de fluids (líquid i/o gas) dins la matriu porosa del sòl. Els anàlisis geotècnics tradicionals, com ara els mètodes d'equilibri límit (MEL) i la formulació clàssica del mètode dels elements finits (MEF) són molt útils per estudiar l'inici de la trencada, però proporcionen informació molt limitada de la posttrencada i del comportament de la massa mobilitzada. Actualment, s'estan desenvolupant mètodes numèrics capaços de simular de forma unificada tot el procés (trencada i posttrencada), com per exemple el Mètode del Punt Material (MPM) que ofereix una alternativa interessant. El MPM discretitza el medi continu mitjançant un conjunt de punts lagrangians que es mouen units al material (punts materials) i transporten les propietats d'aquest. Per altra banda, les equacions de govern es resolen de forma incremental als nodes d'una malla computacional que roman fix durant tot el càlcul. Aquesta doble discretització evita els problemes de distorsió de malla típics en el MEF. Aquesta tesi es centra en la simulació d'esllavissades i inestabilitats de talussos, analitzant les condicions estàtiques inicials, la formació de la trencada i el comportament post-trencada. Es descriuen diferents aspectes rellevants per a la interpretació de les esllavissades: el mecanisme de trencada progressiva, el paper exercit per la degradació interna del material i l'efecte de la fragilitat del material en la trencada i en el desplaçament final. Es presenten diferents casos. En primer lloc, es simula l'experiment de Selborne. Aquest cas, ben identificat mitjançant dades de laboratori, ha estat una oportunitat per dur a terme una validació de la formulació MPM. Una geometria simplificada de l'esllavissada de Vajont també s'analitza en un segon model. S'ha demostrat que un mecanisme de trencada cinemàticament admissible requereix el cisallament i la degradació interna de la massa mobilitzada depenent de la geometria de la superfície basal de lliscament. A més, per mitjà d'un estudi paramètric variant les resistències pic i residual, s'ha determinat que l'abast està directament relacionat amb la fragilitat del material. Finalment, s'ha aconseguit fer un pas endavant en l'aplicació del MPM en problemes multi-fàsics en medis porosos. Per tal de simular el comportament del sòls no saturats, la formulació MPM s'ha ampliat mitjançant una formulació MPM acoblada amb 3 fases. D'aquesta manera, es té en compte la interacció de sòlid, líquid i gas en cada punt material. Aquest enfocament s'ha validat mitjançant un problema d'infiltració. Finalment, es presenta la inestabilitat d¿un terraplè, en terreny no saturat, degut a fortes pluges. En les diferents aplicacions presentades, s'utilitzen dos models constitutius: un model fràgil amb reblaniment per sòls saturats, i un model elastoplàstic de Mohr-Coulomb formulat en tensió neta i succió.
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Alvarado, Bueno Mauricio. "Landslide motion assessment including thermal interaction : an MPM approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/525825.
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Risk associated with landslides of natural or man-made origin depends on the prediction of the post-failure behaviour of the mobilized mass. Numerical models capable of integrating the landslide geometry and its evolution, the coupled hydro mechanical interaction and the soil properties in the context of dynamic forces and large displacements are currently under development. This thesis is a contribution to this effort.
In this sense, the material point method (MPM) is especially suited for analyzing landslides with large displacements. This numerical procedure must be accompanied by tests under controlled conditions in order to accurately check and calibrate the numerical response.
In this thesis the capabilities of the MPM code developed are evaluated through the modelling of scaled laboratory slope tests with large displacements. In order to achieve an adequate comparison of the experimental and numerical results, the experiments are analysed by means of the interpretation of sequential digital images of the movement of the granular medium during the test (PIV technique). A novel procedure is developed to obtain the field of deformations over time and the tracking of particle path in a manner suitable for comparison with numerical results calculated in MPM.
The main objective of the thesis was the development of a comprehensive calculation
tool capable of simulating the behaviour of the slides from the initial triggering to the post-failure phase including thermal effects that determine the evolution of the movement.
A formulation for non-isothermal problems coupled with hydraulic and mechanical
behaviour in MPM was developed and implemented. The formulation includes the dissipation of frictional work as heat, which takes place, mainly, in shear bands. The described phenomena are strongly dependent on the thickness of the shear band and this result in a strong dependence of the numerical results in MPM with the discretization mesh. A novel procedure to solve this problem is presented in this thesis.
Finally, very rapid Vajont landslide (Italy 1963) is modelled. A plain strain 2D model is presented without an “a priori” definition of the sliding surface. In fact, in a generalization of previous and recent work, the mobilized materials are not restricted to rigid solids interconnected along a predefined contact surface and the heat generation is not it is limited to a single predefined surface. Thus, thermal interaction processes are developed throughout the model as a function of the location and intensity of deformations.El riesgo asociado con deslizamientos de origen natural o artificial depende de la predicción del comportamiento posterior a la rotura de la masa movilizada. Actualmente se están desarrollando modelos numéricos capaces de integrar la geometría del deslizamiento y su evolución, la interacción hidromecánica acoplada y las propiedades del suelo en el contexto de fuerzas dinámicas y grandes desplazamientos. Esta tesis es una contribución a este esfuerzo. En este sentido, el método del punto material (MPM) es especialmente adecuado para analizar deslizamientos con grandes desplazamientos. Este procedimiento numérico debe ir acompañado de ensayos bajo condiciones controladas para poder comprobar y calibrar la respuesta numérica. En esta tesis se evalúan las capacidades del código MPM desarrollado, mediante la modelación de ensayos de laboratorio a escala con grandes desplazamientos. Para lograr una adecuada comparación de los resultados experimentales y numéricos, se analizan los experimentos mediante la interpretación de imágenes digitales secuenciales del movimiento del medio granular durante el ensayo (técnica PIV). Con este fin, se desarrolla un procedimiento novedoso para la obtención del campo de deformaciones en el tiempo y el seguimiento de la trayectoria de las partículas de forma idónea para la comparación con resultados numéricos calculados en MPM. El principal objetivo de la tesis fue el desarrollo de una herramienta potente de cálculo capaz de simular el comportamiento de los deslizamientos desde la rotura inicial hasta la fase de post-rotura incluyendo efectos térmicos que determinan la evolución del movimiento. Para esto, se desarrolla e implementa una formulación para problemas no isotérmicos acoplados con el comportamiento hidráulico y mecánico en MPM. Esta formulación incluye la disipación del trabajo friccional en forma de calor, lo cual ocurre principalmente en las bandas donde se localiza la deformación de corte. Este fenómeno descrito es fuertemente dependiente con el espesor de la banda de corte y esto se traduce en una fuerte dependencia de los resultados numéricos en MPM con la malla de discretización empleada. En esta tesis se presenta un novedoso procedimiento para solventar este problema. Por último se presenta la modelación del movimiento ocurrido en el deslizamiento rápido de Vajont (Italia 1963). Se introduce un modelo 2D en deformación plana sin una definición "a priori" de la superficie de deslizamiento. De hecho, generalizando los trabajos hechos anteriormente, los materiales movilizados no se restringen a solidos rígidos interconectados a lo largo de una superficie de contacto predefinida y la generación de calor no se limita a una única superficie predefinida. Así, los procesos de interacción térmica se desarrollan en todo el modelo en función de la localización e intensidad de las deformaciones.
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PEREZ, MONGIOVI DANIEL. "Activation localisee du mpf dans les ufs de xenope." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066369.
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Durant le developpement precoce, les composants maternels sont places asymetriquement dans chaque cellule. Cette asymetrie a des consequences importantes pour l'organisation de l'embryon. La localisation des composants maternels est dependante de l'organisation du cytosquelette cortical, qui subit d'ailleurs d'importants remaniements a chaque mitose et a chaque clivage. L'influence de la progression du cycle cellulaire sur les reorganisations cytosquelettiques reste pourtant un domaine peu explore. Cette these concerne la relocalisation cytoplasmique qui accompagne l'activation du regulateur mitotique universel, le mpf (maturation/ m-phase promoting factor), dans l'uf de xenope. Dans un premier temps, j'ai etudie la relation entre l'activation du mpf et les deux vagues de contraction de surface (scw : surface contraction waves). Ces vagues se propagent du pole animal de l'uf jusqu'au pole vegetatif a chaque cycle mitotique precoce. Ces scw sont impliquees dans la concentration progressive des ilots de plasmes germinatifs dans la region du pole vegetatif. J'ai pu demontrer par analyses des fragments d'uf que l'activation du mpf a l'entree en mitose n'est pas homogene dans le cytoplasme mais commence dans l'hemisphere animal. De plus, des experiences de ligation ont montre que l'activation du mpf se propage dans tout l'uf, probablement grace a une boucle post-transcriptionnelle auto-activatrice. La premiere scw accompagne tout d'abord l'activation progressive du mpf, puis la deuxieme scw suit une inactivation progressive du mpf. Ces correlations spatio-temporelles suggerent que les scw sont des reorganisations corticales provoquees localement par l'activation puis l'inactivation du mpf. En accord avec cette idee, la microinjection du mpf dans les regions vegetative et equatoriale a provoque des vagues ectopiques de reorganisation. La deuxieme partie de mon travail a ete de montrer que l'activation locale du mpf dans l'hemisphere animale a la premiere mitose pouvait etre expliquee partiellement par la stimulation de l'activation du mpf par l'aster spermatique et par le noyau zygotique. Mpf est generalement considere comme etant regule uniquement par des facteurs cytoplasmiques dans ces cellules, puisque ni le noyau, ni l'aster microtubulaire ne sont necessaires pour l'activation du mpf. Pourtant, les ligations destinees a separer les noyaux des centrosomes dans differents fragments d'uf et les experiences in vitro a partir d'extraits cytoplasmiques cyclants ont montre que ces deux structures stimulaient l'activation du mpf. De plus, la microinjection de centrioles isoles dans les ufs enuclees provoque des scw precoces (utilisees comme indicateurs de l'activation du mpf). Il apparait donc que les composants structuraux que sont le noyau et l'aster spermatique participent au controle de l'entree en mitose. Ils agissent independamment mais ils cooperent pour localiser l'activation du mpf. Cette activation localisee due au noyau et a l'aster pourrait etre un mecanisme general destine a creer ou a renforcer les asymetries durant le developpement precoce chez de nombreuses especes.
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Beckhelling, Clare. "Regulation of mitotic progression in Xenopus laevis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310662.
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Kirstein, Andreas. "Aufbau eines Multiprojekt-Managements (MPM) für die ETH-Bibliothek Zürich." [Zürich] : [IFA The Knowledge Company], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=27.
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Oltman, Robert G. "Operations and Management contracts : a better alternative for MPF maintenance /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA305907.
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Bewick, Bryan T. "A combined FEM and MPM simulation of impact-resistant design /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422910.
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Thomas, Brandon K. "Improving Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) offloads using modeling and simulation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FThomas.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments, and Simulation (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Brutzman, Don. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on February 17, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87). Also available in print.
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Llano, Serna Marcelo Alejandro. "Aplicações do método do ponto material (MPM) a problemas geotécnicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13186.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2012.Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2013-04-16T15:02:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_MarceloAlejandroLlanoSerna.pdf: 4945938 bytes, checksum: 3de09b6f9eeae298970d898673d62873 (MD5)
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O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a eficiência do Método do Ponto Material Generalizado (GIMP) para a simulação de problemas de grandes deformações, e mais especificamente o cone de penetração por queda livre utilizado na norma britânica para ensaios de limite de liquidez. Foi feita uma revisão teórica do ensaio de penetração de cone, ressaltando as formulações analíticas e a obtenção de parâmetros para solos argilosos a partir dos resultados deste ensaio. As formulações teóricas relacionam a profundidade de penetração do cone com a resistência não-drenada de solos argilosos. Com o intuito de verificar estas formulações teóricas foram realizados ensaios de cone e palheta (mini-vane) em laboratório com caulim a diferentes teores de umidade. Também foi feita uma completa caracterização do caulim, incluindo a obtenção da curva característica de retenção de água. Os resultados foram interpretados à luz das teorias dos ensaios de cone e da teoria de estados críticos para a obtenção dos parâmetros mecânicos do solo e da interface caulim-cone. Os experimentos foram então simulados numericamente com GIMP sob condições bidimensionais e tridimensionais. Para tanto foi utilizado código aberto NairnMPM, cedido pelo professor John Nairn, da Oregon State University (USA). Como esperado, as simulações bidimensionais sob condições de deformação plana não reproduzem quantitativamente o problema real, o qual é tipicamente axissimétrico. O código NairnMPM ainda não inclui esta opção, porém as análises tridimensionais apresentaram um desempenho excelente, e o fenômeno foi bem reproduzido qualitativamente e quantitativamente, como indicam as comparações entre os fatores de cone experimentais e modelados. Foi demonstrado que o método é suficientemente robusto para resolver o problema de contato durante a penetração do cone sem a necessidade de usar outros tipos de elementos na interface, entretanto o modelo de resistência de interface disponível deve ser aperfeiçoado de modo a incluir tanto adesão quanto atrito. Finalmente, ressalta-se que a principal limitação do GIMP em relação a outros métodos tradicionais como elementos finitos (MEF) é o maior tempo de processamento. No caso de problemas envolvendo grandes deformações e domínios extensos, deve-se buscar um nível de comprometimento entre a acurácia possível e o tempo de processamento. Em caso de problemas tridimensionais e malhas muito refinadas o tempo de processamento pode inviabilizar a análise utilizando microcomputadores convencionais. Nestes casos, devem-se usar grandes processadores ou processamento paralelo. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The main objective of this dissertation is to check the efficiency of the Generalized Material Point Method (GIMP) for the solution of large deformation problems, and more specifically to simulate the free fall of a penetration cone, such as the one used in the British standards for the determination of liquid limit of clays. The investigation starts with a literature review of cone penetration test, focusing on analytical formulations to interpret its results and to obtain physical indexes and mechanics parameters. The theoretical formulations relate the depth of cone penetration with the undrained shear strength of clay soils. In order to check the validity of these formulations, the author performed laboratory tests on kaolin clay with different water contents, with emphasis on the mini-vane tests to find the undrained strength and the British cone tests to find the depth of penetration. The material was also subjected to the traditional characterization tests and the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) was also determined. The results of the tests were interpreted using the falling cone formulations and the critical state theory in order to obtain the mechanical parameters of the kaolin and of its interface with the British cone. Then the falling cone tests were simulated numerically with the GIMP under two and three dimensional conditions. An open code named NairnMPM, written by Professor John Nairn at Oregon State University (USA), was used in the numerical simulations. As expected the two-dimensional simulations under plane strain conditions cannot reproduce quantitatively the laboratory experiments since the falling cone is typically an axis symmetric problem. NairnMPM unfortunately does not include this condition yet, but the three dimensional analyses attained excellent performance and the phenomenon was properly reproduced qualitatively and quantitatively, as indicate by the good agreement between computed cone factors obtained from the numerical analyses and from the laboratory experiments. The method is sufficiently robust to solve the cone soil interaction without the need for any especial interface element; however the model of shear strength of the interface should be enhanced to include adhesion, besides friction. Finally the main limitation of GIMP, compared to other traditional methods such as finite elements (MEF), is the long processing time. For applications in full scale problems with large domains, the analyst should find a compromise between accuracy and computational time. In cases of three-dimensional problems with fine discretization the analysis using conventional microcomputers may not be feasible and some kind of parallel processing may be required.
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Leiblein, Maximilian [Verfasser], Thomas [Gutachter] Barthel, and Rainer [Gutachter] Meffert. "MPFL-Rekonstruktion mit autologer Gracilissehne bei Patellaluxation / Maximilian Leiblein. Gutachter: Thomas Barthel ; Rainer Meffert." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111784426/34.
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Wang, Xichun. "Application of MPCM slurry with cooled ceiling to realize a low energy building design." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3341125.
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Smedt-Peyrusse, Véronique de. "Activation du MPF dans l'ovocyte de Xénope : rôle du Cdc2 monomérique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066340.
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Santos, Nilce Helena Marques dos. "o discurso do Movimento MÃsica Popular Maranhense (MPM) da dÃcada de 70." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18021.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA histÃria da mÃsica maranhense à fortemente marcada pela influÃncia das culturas indÃgena, africana e portuguesa. Suas composiÃÃes retratam as influÃncias da riqueza rÃtmica e histÃrica da cultura popular da mÃsica tradicional. Este trabalho pretende analisar canÃÃes produzidas no MaranhÃo na dÃcada de 1970, enquanto prÃtica discursiva, tendo como base a orientaÃÃo dada por Dominique Maingueneau para a AnÃlise do discurso francesa. Apresentamos algumas categorias como prÃtica discursiva, posicionamento, investimentos genÃrico, linguÃstico, cenogrÃfico e Ãtico, relaÃÃes intertextuais e interdiscursivas enfocadas por Maingueneau. Embasamo-nos ainda nos estudos feitos por Costa (2001) sobre o discurso literomusical brasileiro e nas orientaÃÃes de Stuart Hall (2002) para os conceitos de identidade e cultura. Em seguida, revisitamos o contexto da mÃsica popular maranhense e a incorporaÃÃo de elementos da cultura popular na mÃsica produzida por compositores maranhenses na dÃcada de 1970. Buscamos, atravÃs de aspectos linguÃstico-discursivos, analisar a mÃsica popular maranhense na dÃcada de 1970, enquanto posicionamento no Ãmbito da MÃsica Popular Brasileira. Os resultados obtidos indicam: As letras particularmente apresentam um cÃdigo de linguagem hÃbrido, alternando entre a linguagem culta e a popular; o ethos representa um indivÃduo que exalta a sua terra, sua gente e que mesmo estando distante de suas origens, nÃo tem esquecido suas tradiÃÃes e sua cultura. O enunciador recorre e faz uso de diferentes campos discursivos como o discurso religioso, histÃrico, para legitimar o seu prÃprio discurso; as cenografias analisadas, nos trÃs Ãlbuns representativos da MPM, revelam os traÃos culturais e sociais do povo maranhense, sua histÃria, seus anseios e seus problemas do cotidiano, contribuindo dessa maneira para formar, dentro do gÃnero canÃÃo, um posicionamento (identidade) a partir de processos linguÃsticos e sociais que reflete a cultura do povo maranhense.
A histÃria da mÃsica maranhense à fortemente marcada pela influÃncia das culturas indÃgena, africana e portuguesa. Suas composiÃÃes retratam as influÃncias da riqueza rÃtmica e histÃrica da cultura popular da mÃsica tradicional. Este trabalho pretende analisar canÃÃes produzidas no MaranhÃo na dÃcada de 1970, enquanto prÃtica discursiva, tendo como base a orientaÃÃo dada por Dominique Maingueneau para a AnÃlise do discurso francesa. Apresentamos algumas categorias como prÃtica discursiva, posicionamento, investimentos genÃrico, linguÃstico, cenogrÃfico e Ãtico, relaÃÃes intertextuais e interdiscursivas enfocadas por Maingueneau. Embasamo-nos ainda nos estudos feitos por Costa (2001) sobre o discurso literomusical brasileiro e nas orientaÃÃes de Stuart Hall (2002) para os conceitos de identidade e cultura. Em seguida, revisitamos o contexto da mÃsica popular maranhense e a incorporaÃÃo de elementos da cultura popular na mÃsica produzida por compositores maranhenses na dÃcada de 1970. Buscamos, atravÃs de aspectos linguÃstico-discursivos, analisar a mÃsica popular maranhense na dÃcada de 1970, enquanto posicionamento no Ãmbito da MÃsica Popular Brasileira. Os resultados obtidos indicam: As letras particularmente apresentam um cÃdigo de linguagem hÃbrido, alternando entre a linguagem culta e a popular; o ethos representa um indivÃduo que exalta a sua terra, sua gente e que mesmo estando distante de suas origens, nÃo tem esquecido suas tradiÃÃes e sua cultura. O enunciador recorre e faz uso de diferentes campos discursivos como o discurso religioso, histÃrico, para legitimar o seu prÃprio discurso; as cenografias analisadas, nos trÃs Ãlbuns representativos da MPM, revelam os traÃos culturais e sociais do povo maranhense, sua histÃria, seus anseios e seus problemas do cotidiano, contribuindo dessa maneira para formar, dentro do gÃnero canÃÃo, um posicionamento (identidade) a partir de processos linguÃsticos e sociais que reflete a cultura do povo maranhense.
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Santos, Nilce Helena Marques dos. "O discurso do Movimento Música Popular Maranhense (MPM) da década de 70." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/20819.
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SANTOS, Nilce Helena Marques dos. O discurso do Movimento Música Popular Maranhense (MPM) da década de 70. 2015. 182f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2015.Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-07T11:31:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_nhmsantos.pdf: 1851035 bytes, checksum: da58ba81db473f6c65c1a0b9a0e44eef (MD5)
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The maranhense musical history is strongly marked by the influence of the indian, african and Portuguese cultures. Its compositions portray the influences of the rithmical and richness historical of the popular culture of the traditional music. This paper intends to analyse songs produced in Maranhão in the decade of 1970, while discoursive practice, having as basis the orientation given by Dominique Manigueneau for the Analysis of the French discourse. It is presented some categories as a discoursive practice, position, generical, linguistic, cenographical and ethic investments, also intertextual and interdiscoursive relations focused by Manigueneau. It is based yet upon the studies done by Costa (2001) about the literomusical Brazilian discourse and upon the orientations by Stuart Hill (2002) for the concepts of identify and culture. There after it was revisited the context of maranhense popular music and the incorporation of elements of the popular culture in the music produce by maranhense composers in the decade of 1970. It was sought, through linguistic-discoursive aspects, to analyse the maranhense popular music in the decade of 1970, while a position in the framework of the Brazilian Popular Music. The obtained results point out: the letters particularly present a hy brid language code, alternating between the well educated language and the popular one; the ethos represents an individual who exalts his land, his people and, even being far away from his origins, he hasn‘t forgotten their traditions and their culture. The enunciator resorts it and makes use of different discoursive frields like the religious, historical, discourse, in order to legitimate his own discourse; the analysed cenofraphis from the three alberns, which represent the MPM, reveal the cultural and social traces of the maranhense people, his history, his eagernesse and daily problems so contributing in that way to form, within the gender song, a position (identify) from the linguistic and social processes which reflect the culture of the maranhense people.
A história da música maranhense é fortemente marcada pela influência das culturas indígena, africana e portuguesa. Suas composições retratam as influências da riqueza rítmica e histórica da cultura popular da música tradicional. Este trabalho pretende analisar canções produzidas no Maranhão na década de 1970, enquanto prática discursiva, tendo como base a orientação dada por Dominique Maingueneau para a Análise do discurso francesa. Apresentamos algumas categorias como prática discursiva, posicionamento, investimentos genérico, linguístico, cenográfico e ético, relações intertextuais e interdiscursivas enfocadas por Maingueneau. Embasamo-nos ainda nos estudos feitos por Costa (2001) sobre o discurso literomusical brasileiro e nas orientações de Stuart Hall (2002) para os conceitos de identidade e cultura. Em seguida, revisitamos o contexto da música popular maranhense e a incorporação de elementos da cultura popular na música produzida por compositores maranhenses na década de 1970. Buscamos, através de aspectos linguístico-discursivos, analisar a música popular maranhense na década de 1970, enquanto posicionamento no âmbito da Música Popular Brasileira. Os resultados obtidos indicam: As letras particularmente apresentam um código de linguagem híbrido, alternando entre a linguagem culta e a popular; o ethos representa um indivíduo que exalta a sua terra, sua gente e que mesmo estando distante de suas origens, não tem esquecido suas tradições e sua cultura. O enunciador recorre e faz uso de diferentes campos discursivos como o discurso religioso, histórico, para legitimar o seu próprio discurso; as cenografias analisadas, nos três álbuns representativos da MPM, revelam os traços culturais e sociais do povo maranhense, sua história, seus anseios e seus problemas do cotidiano, contribuindo dessa maneira para formar, dentro do gênero canção, um posicionamento (identidade) a partir de processos linguísticos e sociais que reflete a cultura do povo maranhense.
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Karaiskou, Anthi. "L'auto-amplification du mpf (m-phase promoting factor) dans l'ovocyte de xenope." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066265.
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Le mecanisme de l'activation auto-catalytique du mpf (m-phase promoting factor ou cdc2 kinase), responsable de l'entree en division, reste mal compris. L'enzyme responsable de l'activation du mpf, la phosphatase xcdc25c, subit une phosphorylation activatrice juste avant la rupture de l'enveloppe nucleaire. L'une des kinases responsable de cette etape est la kinase cdc2. L'existence du retrocontrole positif de cdc2 sur son activateur assure l'irreversibilite de l'entree en phase m et explique en partie le caractere auto-catalytique du mpf. L'evenement initial qui declenche la boucle d'amplification du mpf, et sa regulation par la voie de transduction lancee par la progesterone, ne sont pas connus. Notre objectif etait d'etudier les mecanismes moleculaires qui controlent l'initiation de l'auto-amplification du mpf. Nous avons montre que le mecanisme d'auto-amplification du mpf se decompose in vitro en deux etapes : - lors d'une premiere etape, xcdc25c acquiert une activite phosphatasique de base et commence a dephosphoryler, et donc a activer, de maniere lineaire quelques molecules de cdc2. En presence d'atp, cdc2 actif catalyse la phosphorylation partielle de xcdc25c. L'activation de la kinase cdc2 reste lineaire, xcdc25c partiellement phosphoryle et la boucle d'amplification ne se met pas en place. La kinase plx1 est activee, mais elle n'est pas necessaire lors de cette premiere etape. - l'inhibition de la phosphatase 2a permet la realisation d'une deuxieme etape lors de laquelle xcdc25c est hyper-phosphoryle, en presence des kinases cdc2 et plx1 deja actives. La phosphatase xcdc25c hyper-phosphorylee catalyse l'activation brutale de la kinase cdc2 (cinetique du tout-ou-rien) de maniere dependante de l'adaptateur suc1/cks. L'auto-amplification du mpf est alors mise en marche.
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Choi, Yunhi. "Mitosis-Specific Phosphorylation of MAP4 and Characterization of The MPM-2 Epitope /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487931993468324.
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Rodrigues, André Iribure. "MPM Propaganda : a história da agência dos anos de ouro da publicidade brasileira." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3530.
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O presente trabalho aborda, através da perspectiva histórica da Comunicação, a trajetória de uma agência de publicidade brasileira: a MPM Propaganda. Primeiro lugar no ranking brasileiro por uma década e meia, esta empresa é fundamental para o entendimento do contexto da atividade publicitária, pois o seu sucesso no mercado ilustra o potencial atingido pelas agências de capital nacional. A inauguração da MPM no Rio Grande do Sul, em 1957, possibilita articular o contexto gaúcho com o nacional, devido à expansão da agência a partir da década de 1960. Parte-se da relação histórica entre a publicidade e o capitalismo, ambientando-se na realidade brasileira as conformações da atividade publicitária típicas de um capitalismo retardatário. Ao tratar o pressuposto da publicidade como agente fundamental no sistema capitalista, articula-se a história da atividade publicitária a partir de fases da industrialização e da publicidade no Brasil, permitindo um entendimento sobre o contexto que envolveu a entrada da MPM no mercado, sua ascensão no contexto nacional, e o fim de sua trajetória ao ser adquirida por uma agência multinacional em 1991.
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Reichenberger, Michael Anthony. "Micro-pocket fission detectors: development of advanced, real-time in-core, neutron-flux sensors." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35414.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Douglas S. McGregor
Advancements in nuclear reactor core modeling and computational capability have encouraged further development of in-core neutron sensors. Measurement of the neutron-flux distribution within the reactor core provides a more complete understanding of the operating conditions in the reactor than typical ex-core sensors. Micro-Pocket Fission Detectors (MPFDs) have been developed and tested previously but have been limited to single-node operation and have utilized highly specialized designs. The development of a widely deployable, multi-node MPFD assembly will enhance nuclear research capabilities. In-core neutron flux measurements include many challenges because of the harsh environment within the reactor core. Common methods of in-core neutron measurement are also limited by geometry and other physical constraints. MPFDs are designed to be small and robust while offering a real-time, spatial measurement of neutron flux. Improvements to the MPFD design were developed based on shortcomings of prior research in which many of the theoretical considerations for MPFDs were examined. Fabrication techniques were developed for the preparation of MPFD components and electrodeposition of fissile material. Numerous arrays of MPFDs were constructed for test deployments at the Kansas State University TRIGA Mk. II research nuclear reactor, University of Wisconsin Nuclear Reactor, Transient REActor Test facility at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), and Advanced Test Reactor at INL. Preliminary testing of a single MPFD sensor at KSU yielded a linear response to reactor power between 10 kWth and 750 kWth and followed both positive and negative reactivity insertions in real-time. A $1.50 reactor pulse was monitored from the Intra-Reflector Irradiation System, located in reflector region of the KSU TRIGA Mk. II core with 1-ms time resolution. Improved multi-node MPFD arrays were then designed, fabricated, and deployed in flux ports between fuel rods and within an iron-wire flux port which was inserted into the central thimble of the KSU TRIGA Mk. II research nuclear reactor. Work continues to develop MPFDs for deployment at research reactors at INL and elsewhere. Results from the MPFD measurements will be useful for future validation of computational modeling and as part of advanced nuclear fuel development efforts.
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Sha, Wei. "Experimental evidnece for hysteresis in the cell cycles of Xenopus Laevis egg extracts." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34575.
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In 1993, Novak and Tyson published a comprehensive mathematical model of the regulation of M-phase promoting factor (MPF) activity in Xenopus laevis eggs and egg extracts. Although this model was in agreement with existing and subsequent experimental data, fundamental predictions that the cell cycle is driven by a hysteresis loop have never been validated experimentally. The model's predictions of bifurcations that create and destroy MPF activity, indicative of hysteresis, were tested in this study. Prediction 1: The threshold concentration of cyclin B required to activate MPF is measurably higher than the threshold concentration required to inactivate MPF. The difference in thresholds implies that the MPF control system is hysteretic and bistable. To measure these thresholds, extracts in interphase or M-phase were supplemented with varying concentrations of non-degradable human cyclin B1 protein. MPF activity was determined by the morphology of sperm nuclei and by assays of histone H1 kinase activity. Consistent with the model, the activation threshold was determined to be 40 nM, which is two-fold higher than the inactivation threshold, 20 nM.
Prediction 2: For cyclin levels marginally above the activation threshold concentration of cyclin B, there is a dramatic "slowing-down" in the rate of MPF activation. Supra-threshold concentrations of nondegradable cyclin B1 were added to cycloheximide-treated CSF-released extracts, and samples taken at various time-points were analyzed for MPF activity. At 40 nM cyclin B1, just above the activation threshold, the lag time for MPF activation was 45 - 60 minutes; at 50 nM cyclin B1, the lag time was between 30 - 45 minutes; and at 60 nM or higher concentrations of cyclin B1, the lag time was 20 - 30 minutes, thus confirming the prediction of the Novak-Tyson model.
Prediction 3: DNA replication checkpoint increases the activation threshold concentration of cyclin B by increasing the hysteresis loop. Cycloheximide-treated, CSF-released extracts containing 1200 sperm nuclei/μl were treated with aphidicolin, then supplemented with varying concentrations of nondegradable cyclin B1. The activation threshold was 100 nM, 2.5 fold higher than in extracts lacking aphidicolin.
Conclusions: These studies confirm three predictions of the Novak-Tyson model and indicate that hysteresis underlies cell cycle control in Xenopus egg extracts. These experiments validate use of mathematical models to study complex biological control systems such as the eukayotic cell cycle.
Master of Science
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CHIVATA, Nilson Yecid Bautista. "Simulação numérica da equação de advecção-dispersão-reação para um traçador em meios porosos heterogêneos e anisotrópicos por um método de volumes finitos, utilizando malhas poligonais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19634.
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A modelagem e a simulação numérica do transporte de solutos, como por exemplo traçadores, em meios porosos heterogêneos e anisotrópicos, tais como aquíferos e reservatórios de petróleo constituem-se num grande desafio de natureza matemática e numérica. A modelagem de falhas selantes, canais, poços inclinados, pinchouts e outras características complexas demanda o uso de malhas não-estruturadas e não-ortogonais, capazes de se adaptar naturalmente ao domínio em estudo. Os pacotes computacionais utilizados comumente na indústria do petróleo, na sua grande maioria, se baseiam no Método das Diferenças Finitas com Aproximação de Fluxo por Dois Pontos (Two-Point Flux Approximation - TPFA) e no Método de Ponderação à Montante de Primeira Ordem (First Order Upwind Method - FOU), devido a sua facilidade de implementação e sua eficiência computacional. Infelizmente, os métodos TPFA são incapazes de produzir soluções convergentes em malhas não-ortogonais ou para tensores de dispersão ou permeabilidades completos e os métodos FOU produzem soluções com difusão numérica excessiva, exigindo malhas demasiadamente refinadas para obtermos soluções confiáveis. Uma alternativa ao TPFA, e que permite o uso de tensores completos e malhas não-ortogonais, é o Método dos Elementos Finitos de Galerkin (MEF), porém este método não produz soluções localmente conservativas, o que pode ser um problema sério para a modelagem de problemas envolvendo leis de conservação, como no escoamento em meios porosos. Outra alternativa são os Métodos de Volumes Finitos (MVF). Nas suas variantes mais robustas, estes métodos são capazes de lidar com malhas poligonais quaisquer e tensores de dispersão e permeabilidades completos e com razão de anisotropia arbitrária, além de produzir aproximações discretas de alta ordem e localmente conservativas. Neste contexto, no presente trabalho, apresentamos uma formulação MVF centrado na célula para a modelagem do transporte de um traçador não-reativo num escoamento monofásico em meios porosos heterogêneos e anisotrópicos. Para a discretização dos termos elípticos, tanto da equação de pressão quanto da equação de Advecção-Dispersão-Reação (ADRE), utilizou-se um MVF com aproximação de fluxo por múltiplos pontos que faz uso do estêncil diamante (MPFA-D) e para a discretização dos termos hiperbólicos, usamos o método FOU e um MVF do tipo MUSCL (Monotone Upstream Centered Scheme for Conservation Laws). A fim de testar nossa formulação, resolvemos alguns problemas benchmark encontrados na literatura.
Modeling and numerical simulation of solutes (e.g. Tracers) in heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media such as aquifers and oil reservoirs, constitute a bigger challenge of mathematics and numerical nature. Modeling sealants faults, channels, inclined wells, pinch outs and other complex features of these geological formations demand the use of unstructured and not orthogonal meshes, able to adapt naturally to the domain under study. The computational packages used commonly in the oil industry, mostly, are based on the Finite Difference Method with Two Point Flow Approximation (TPFA) and the Amount First Order Upwind method (FOU), due to its ease of implementation and its computational efficiency. Unfortunately, TPFA methods are unable to produce conver-gent solutions in non-orthogonal meshes or in permeability or dispersion full Tensor and FOU methods produce solutions with excessive numerical diffusion, requiring excessively refined mesh to obtain reliable solutions. An interesting alternative to TPFA, which allows the use of full tensor and not orthogonal meshes, is the Galerkin Finite Element Method (FEM), but this method does not produce solutions locally conservative, which can be a serious problem for modeling problems involving conservation laws as the flow in porous media. An interesting alternative is the Finite Volume Methods (MVF). In its most robust embodiments, these methods are able to cope with any polygonal mesh and full permeability or dispersion tensors and with an arbitrary anisotropy ratio, beyond producing discrete approximations of high order and locally conservative. In this context, the present study, we present one MVF formulation cell centered to modeling the transport of a non-reactive tracer in single-phase flow in heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media. For the elliptical discretization terms, both, the pressure equation as the equation advection-dispersion-reaction (ADRE), we used The FVMF multipoint flow approximation that uses the diamond stencil (MPPA-D) and for the discretization of hyperbolic terms, we use the FOU method and an MVF type MUSCL (Monotone Upstream Centered Scheme for Conservation Laws). In order to test our formulation, we solve some benchmark problems in the literature.
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Bates, Donald R. "Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) throughput analysis of a Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) Slice offload." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA292022.
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Klabatsa, Astero. "Primary tissue-based proteomic analysis of apoptosis-regulating pathways in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/653.
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Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive and fatal malignancy associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Programmed cell death or apoptosis underlies the efficacy of cytotoxic anti-cancer modalities, and failure to engage the cellular death machinery in cancer cells accounts for failure of therapy and poor prognosis. Little is understood of the basic apoptosis biology underlying the apoptosis resistant phenotypes of MPM. There is now greater understanding of the basic core apoptosis machinery of the cell, allowing the characterization of anti-apoptosis mechanisms in MPM. Cancer cell apoptosis threshold is ultimately determined by the location and function of proteins. This study explores the expression and significance of several proteins directly or indirectly involved in the apoptosis pathway. Histology samples were used to produce a tissue microarray (TMA) on which immunohistochemistry was employed. Proteins HIF-1α, CD31, Glut-1, CASP3, Survivin, BAX, BAK, Cyt-C, APAF-1 and PARP were analyzed and their protein expression profiles were correlated with patient survival. The findings show that MPM exhibits hypoxia. Increased glucose intake was also demonstrated by overexression of Glut-1. BAX and BAK were shown to be synergistically downregulated, with a direct effect into survival, demonstrating the compromised function of the mitochondria due to increased glucose uptake. Information yielded from this project might allow further exploitation of apoptotic proteins either as targets for new therapeutic agents, or as markers for prognosis.
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Barakat, AbdelHamid. "Régulation de MPF au cours du premier cycle méiotique de l'ovocyte d'étoile de mer." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20204.
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Avant d'etre en mesure de se diviser, chaque cellule eucaryote passe par un certain nombre de phases dont la succession constitue le cycle cellulaire. La progression coordonnee de ces phases est gouvernee par la formation et l'activation de complexes constitues d'une sous-unite regulatrice, une cycline (a, b, c, d, e, h), et d'une sous-unite catalytique, cdk (pour cyclin dependent kinase), possedant une activite kinase (cdk1-7). Nous nous sommes plus particulierement interesses a la regulation du complexe cycline b/cdc2 au cours de la meiose i de l'ovocyte d'etoile de mer. L'activite kinase du complexe cycline b/cdc2 est regulee grace au controle de deux parametres: la regulation des modifications post-traductionnelles et la regulation de la synthese et de la degradation des cyclines. L'etude de cette derniere nous a permis de montrer que la kinase cycline b/cdc2 doit etre active pendant la prometaphase et la metaphase: la cellule fait en sorte de maintenir un niveau d'activite suffisant pour assurer une metaphase normale, en particulier par la synthese de cycline. Par le jeu de la synthese et de la degradation de la cycline, egalement des eventuelles modifications post-traductionnelles des deux constituants de mpf, la cellule adapte l'activite kinase aux exigences de chaque etape du cycle cellulaire. D'autre part, pour etre efficace la kinase mitotique doit etre non seulement active mais aussi correctement localisee. D'autre part, nous avons etudie le mecanisme d'amplification de mpf. En effet, la phase d'initiation de mpf correspond a un changement du statut du cytoplasme qui devient apte a amplifier le mpf, et ce changement n'est pas l'apparition d'une petite quantite de mpf. Il est provoque par le transfert de cytoplasme actif, grace en particulier a un facteur nucleaire en absence duquel la kinase injectee est aussitot inhibee
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Labbe, Jean-Claude. "Identification de MPF : un facteur universel contrôlant l'entrée en phase M du cycle cellulaire." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20269.
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Chez les eucaryotes, l'entree en phase m du cycle cellulaire est controlee par un facteur (mpf: m-phase promoting factor) dont l'activite oscille au cours du cycle cellulaire. Ce facteur ne presente pas de specificite zoologique. Nous l'avons purifie a partir d'ovocytes d'etoile de mer et identifie a une serine-threonine kinase consistant en un complexe de deux sous-unites, une sous-unite catalytique (p34#c#d#c#2) et une sous-unite regulatrice (cycline b), homologue respectivement aux produits des genes cdc2#+ et cdc13#+ de la levure schizosaccharomyces pombe
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Joneken, Isabelle. "Empathy and Ethnicity : The Ethnic Empathy Bias." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10139.
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The aim of this thesis is to overview studies examining the effect ethnicity has on the neural and physiological responses associated with empathy and the underlying mechanisms behind this effect. It has been revealed that ethnicity can modulate the empathic responses in that faster physiological arousal and greater sensorimotor resonance occurs during the perception of own ethnic members in suffering. A reduction and even total absence of activity in empathy-associated brain regions such as anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, temporo partial junction and medial prefrontal cortex has further been seen during the perception of other ethnic members in pain. There have however been studies where ethnicity has not had an effect on empathic responses, indicating that it might not be ethnicity per se but instead other underlying mechanisms that causes the difference in empathic responses. There is an ongoing debate on which these mechanisms might be. It has been suggested that it might be attitudes, similarity and familiarity with the target, general ingroup bias, differences in perceptual processes and culture. The thesis will end with a discussion on how the results can be interpreted, the implications of the results, proposals for future research directions and a conclusion.
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Howell, Cody James. "Cortical Influences on Cognitive and Respiratory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1554220475554864.
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Borisuk, Mark T. "Bifurcation Analysis of a Model of the Frog Egg Cell Cycle." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29605.
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Fertilized frog eggs (and cell-free extracts) undergo periodic oscillations in the activity of "M-phase promoting factor" (MPF), the crucial triggering enzyme for mitosis (nuclear division) and cell division. MPF activity is regulated by a complex network of biochemical reactions. Novak and Tyson, and their collaborators, have been studying the qualitative and quantitative properties of a large system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that describe the molecular details of this system as currently known. Important clues to the behavior of the model are provided by bifurcation theory, especially characterization of the codimension-1 and -2 bifurcation sets of the differential equations. To illustrate this method, I have been studying a system of 9 ordinary differential equations that describe the frog egg cell cycle with some fidelity. I will describe the bifurcation diagram of this system in a parameter space spanned by the rate constants for cyclin synthesis and cycling degradation. My results suggest either that the cell cycle control system should show dynamical behavior considerably more complex than the limit cycles and steady states reported so far, or that the biochemical rate constants of the system are constrained to avoid regions of parameter space where complex bifurcation points unfold.Ph. D.
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Beermann, Insa Verfasser], Philip [Akademischer Betreuer] Schöttle, and Andreas B. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Imhoff. "Vergleichende prospektive klinisch radiologische1-Jahres-Ergebnisse nach MPFL-Rekonstruktion / Insa Beermann. Gutachter: Andreas Imhoff ; Philip Schöttle. Betreuer: Philip Schöttle." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049281195/34.
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Connor, David A. "ACUTE NICOTINE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS IN ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING INTERFERE WITH BACKWARDS TRACE CONDITIONED SAFETY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/380256.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Organisms can form safety associations with cues that predict the absence of an aversive event. This cognitive process, learned safety, is important for modulating emotional processing, as safety cues can decrease fear in the presence of previously learned danger cues. Further, there are clinical implications in understanding learned safety, as individuals with PTSD present with deficits in learned safety. Additionally, there is a well established relationship between smoking and PTSD. The link between smoking and PTSD is unclear, however one possibility is that nicotine-associated changes in cognition could facilitate PTSD symptoms, particularly by disrupting are altering learned safety. Considering that nicotine has been shown to modulate associative learning, including hippocampus-dependent forms of fear learning, we hypothesized that nicotine administration could cause maladaptive associative learning to occur, leading to altered safety learning. In the present study, mice were administered acute nicotine and trained and tested in two forms of cued safety learning, explicitly unpaired and backwards trace conditioning. To test for conditioned inhibition of fear by safety cues we performed summation testing. Summation testing indicated that acute nicotine did not impact unpaired learned safety, but did disrupt backwards trace conditioned safety. Additionally, chronic nicotine was found to have no effect on backwards trace conditioned safety, suggesting the development of tolerance. Importantly, on a separate test in which the backwards trace conditioned stimulus was presented alone in a novel context, acute nicotine administration was found to facilitate a fear association with the backwards trace conditioned stimulus. Therefore, acute nicotine prevented backwards trace conditioned safety, by facilitating the formation of a maladaptive fear association. Finally, we found that infusion of nicotine into the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex resulted in similar maladaptive behavioral patterns in summation testing. These findings are discussed with respect to how nicotine can alter cognition and the role alterations in cognition may play PTSD.
Temple University--Theses
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Höger, Almut [Verfasser], and Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Schüttler. "Die femorale Tunnelerweiterung nach MPFL Plastik mittels Gracilissehne und ihr Einfluss auf das klinische Outcome / Almut Höger ; Betreuer: Karl Schüttler." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215293453/34.
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Kularathna, Shyamini. "Splitting solution scheme for material point method." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274140.
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Material point method (MPM) is a numerical tool which was originally used for modelling large deformations of solid mechanics problems. Due to the particle based spatial discretiza- tion, MPM is naturally capable of handling large mass movements together with topological changes. Further, the Lagrangian particles in MPM allow an easy implementation of history dependent materials. So far, however, research on MPM has been mostly restricted to explicit dynamic formu- lations with linear approximation functions. This is because of the simplicity and the low computational cost of such explicit algorithms. Particularly in MPM analysis of geomechan- ics problems, a considerable attention is given to the standard explicit formulation to model dynamic large deformations of geomaterials. Nonetheless, several limitations exist. In the limit of incompressibility, a significantly small time step is required to ensure the stability of the explicit formulation. Time step size restriction is also present in low permeability cases in porous media analysis. Spurious pressure oscillations are another numerical instability present in nearly incompressible flow behaviours. This research considers an implicit treatment of the pressure in MPM algorithm to simu- late material incompressibility. The coupled velocity (v)-pressure (p) governing equations are solved by applying Chorin’s projection method which exhibits an inherent pressure stability. Hence, linear finite elements can be used in the MPM solver. The main purpose of this new MPM formulation is to mitigate artificial pressure oscillations and time step restrictions present in the explicit MPM approach. First, a single phase MPM solver is applied to free surface incompressible fluid flow problems. Numerical results show a better approximation of the pressure field compared to the results obtained from the explicit MPM. The proposed formulation is then extended to model fully saturated porous materials with incompress- ible constituents. A solid velocity(v S )-fluid velocity (v F )-pore pressure (p) formulation is presented within the framework of mixture theory. Comparing the numerical results for the one-dimensional consolidation problem shows that the proposed incompressible MPM algorithm provides a stable and accurate pore pressure field even without implementing damping in the solver. Finally, the coupled MPM is used to solve a two-dimensional wave propagation problem and a plain strain consolidation problem. One of the important features of the proposed hydro mechanical coupled MPM formulation is that the time step size is not dependent on the incompressibility and the permeability of the porous medium.
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Anguita, Bustamante Begoña. "Estudio molecular y de apoptosis en ovocitos de cabras prepúberes y su relación con el desarrollo embrionario." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5680.
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Koya, Bharath. "A Finite Element Study on Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1386780806.
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Cormier, Patrick. "Le mpf et les divisions meiotiques de l'ovocyte de xenope : phosphorylation des proteines et synthese proteique." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066075.
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Nous avons etudie la regulation de la meiose de l'ovocyte de xenope et obtenu trois principaux resultats: 1) le mpf (m-phase factor), regulateur universel de la division cellulaire, phosphoryle une proteine identifiee au facteur d'elongation ef-1 gamma. Ce resultat constitue un lien direct entre l'activite proteine kinase du mpf et la regulation de la synthese proteique. 2) le mpf phosphoryle et active une autre proteine kinase (la caseine kinase ii) permettant un mecanisme d'amplification dans les effets pleiotropiques du facteur. 3) une forme specifique de la proteine phosphatase 2a (pp2a) a ete mise en evidence a la metaphase de la division meiotique. Elle serait impliquee dans la regulation de l'activite mpf
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Diedrich, Theresa [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Josten, Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Lill, Andreas [Gutachter] Roth, and Karl-Heinz [Gutachter] Frosch. "Ergebnisse nach MPFL-Ersatzplastik bei chronischer Patellainstabilität Ersteingriff vs. Revisionseingriff Einfluss individueller Parameter auf das Outcome der Operation : Ergebnisse nach MPFL-Ersatzplastik bei chronischer PatellainstabilitätErsteingriff vs. Revisionseingriff Einfluss individueller Parameter auf das Outcome der Operation / Theresa Diedrich ; Gutachter: Andreas Roth, Karl-Heinz Frosch ; Christoph Josten, Helmut Lill." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1240481861/34.
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Haupert, Alexander [Verfasser], and Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Lorbach. "Biomechanische Evaluation von MPFL-Rekonstruktionen : Unterschiede der dynamischen retropatellaren Druckverteilung zwischen Gracilis- und Fascia lata-Transplantat / Alexander Haupert ; Betreuer: Olaf Lorbach." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177797240/34.
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Pal, Mayur. "Families of control-volume distributed CVD (MPFA) finite volume schemes for the porous medium pressure equation on structured and unstructured grids." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42980.
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Owens, Tyler Eugene. "Neural correlates of self-reflection in fMRI: Brain activation differences between males and females." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2217.
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Many studies in affective neuroimaging have addressed the question of how the "self" is represented in brain activation. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in many of these studies and an essential component self-representation in the brain. In this study we looked at differences between men and women in the mPFC in terms of how they assessed comparisons of the body image. Participants viewed images of thin and overweight bodies and were asked to consider how they would feel if someone were to compare them to the image. Brain activations were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results indicate that men did not react significantly differently to thin or overweight images while women showed increased mPFC activation when considering comparison to the overweight images. These findings provide some insight into the differences between men and women in terms of self-evaluation and body image.
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Hannah, Lucie C. "Maturation promoting factor (MPF) in relation to the fertilization and early development of lugworm and starfish oocytes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423995.
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Gurok, Anna [Verfasser], Maximilian [Gutachter] Rudert, and Stefanie [Gutachter] Hölscher-Doht. "Untersuchung der postoperativen Ergebnisse nach Rekonstruktion des medialen-patellofemoralen Ligamentes (MPFL) nach 5 Jahren / Anna Gurok ; Gutachter: Maximilian Rudert, Stefanie Hölscher-Doht." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236846907/34.
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Dinh, Anh Tuan. "Comportement élastique linéaire et non-linéaire du bois en relation avec sa structure." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00720245.
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Le bois est un matériau complexe, hétérogène et anisotrope. Ses propriétés mécaniques varient fortement en fonction de l'essence et de l'échelle considérées. Pour mieux comprendre le comportement du bois en fonction de sa structure, nous proposons dans le cadre de cette thèse une étude expérimentale à l'échelle des tissus qui est réalisée sur plusieurs types de bois : bois de peuplier, y compris bois de tension et bois d'épicéa. Compte tenu des faibles dimensions des échantillons testés, les mesures de déformation sont effectuées " sans contact " afin de s'assurer de ne pas perturber l'échantillon en cours de l'essai.Les premières séries de mesures sont réalisées sur les trois zones (tendue, normale, opposée) et selon les 3 directions matérielles (longitudinale, radiale et tangentielle) d'une tige de peuplier inclinée. Les résultats obtenus permettent de comparer des comportements mécaniques du bois de peuplier dans toutes les zones considérées en fonction de ses propriétés microscopiques.Les deuxièmes séries de mesures sont réalisées en compression, grandes déformations, dans la chambre d'un ESEM (Microscope électronique à balayage environnemental) sur du bois feuillu (peuplier) et sur du bois résineux (épicéa). Grâce aux images obtenues en période d'essai, du domaine élastique jusqu'à la densification, la réponse de chaque type du bois à la même sollicitation est illustrée.Enfin, une partie de la modélisation numérique par la MPM (Materiel Point Method) est proposée dans notre projet envisagé comme prolongement de ce travail. Il permettra de simuler le comportement mécanique du bois en grande déformation.
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Celestino, Égon José Mateus. "Fatores determinantes da transparência dos poderes executivos municipais brasileiros a partir do índice nacional da transparência do MPF." PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS, 2018. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/25564.
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Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar quais os determinantes para a transparência dos poderes executivos municipais brasileiros a partir do Índice Nacional da Transparência do Ministério Público Federal. Para tanto, utiliza a metodologia empírico-analítica aplicada na amostra aleatória estratificada do estudo com os 525 municípios brasileiros, sendo a variável dependente o Índice Nacional da Transparência do Ministério Público Federal e as demais variáveis explicativas de dimensão social, econômica e política. Tem por base a modelagem econométrica de regressão Tobit, estimada para verificar as melhores variáveis com capacidade explicativa para ocorrência do fenômeno das melhores práticas de transparência pública. Os resultados indicam que municípios das regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentam melhores níveis de transparência e de accountability em comparação com os municípios das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, fenômeno este decorrente dos melhores indicadores de Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano dos municípios presentes na Região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Conclui que as variáveis determinantes para melhores níveis de transparência dos municípios brasileiros são quanto aos fatores políticos apenas o nível educacional do prefeito, quanto aos fatores econômicos as variáveis IDH e dívida consolidada e quanto os fatores sociais as variáveis Educação, Urbanização e Densidade Demográfica, sendo então os fatores sociais os melhores estimadores explicativos para transparência pública municipal brasileira. A contribuição do estudo consiste na validação de um modelo que determina variáveis preditivas para explicar o fenômeno transparência pública municipal brasileira pautado na avaliação institucional do Ministério Público Federal.
This study aims to analyze the factors to the transparency of Brazilian municipal executive based on Índice Nacional da Transparência from Ministério Público Federal. To this, it uses empirical-analytical methodology applied to an aleatory data from this study with 525 Brazilian cities. In this case, the independent variable is Índice Nacional da Transparência from Ministério Público Federal and other explicative variable like social, economic and politic dimension. It has as base an econometrical model of regression Tobit, used to verify the best variables with an explicative capacity to the occurrence of this phenomenon of the best practices of public transparency. Results point that cities from South and Southwest show best levels of transparency and accountability comparing to the cities from North, Northwest and Center-west, this phenomenon comes from the best indicators from Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano related to cities in the South and Southwest regions from Brazil. It concludes that the determining factors for better levels of transparency in Brazilian municipalities are the political factors only the educational level of the mayor, the economic factors, the IDH and consolidated debt variables and the social factors the variables Education, Urbanization and Demographic Density, being then social factors the best explanatory estimators for Brazilian municipal public transparency. The contribution of this research consists in the validation of a model to determine a predictive variable to explain the phenomenon Brazilian municipal public transparency based on institutional evaluation from Ministério Público Federal.