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Nomoto, Sukeharu, Masahito Segawa, and Makoto Watanabe. "Non- and Quasi-Equilibrium Multi-Phase Field Methods Coupled with CALPHAD Database for Rapid-Solidification Microstructural Evolution in Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing Condition." Metals 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040626.
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A solidification microstructure is formed under high cooling rates and temperature gradients in powder-based additive manufacturing. In this study, a non-equilibrium multi-phase field method (MPFM), based on a finite interface dissipation model, coupled with the Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) database, was developed for a multicomponent Ni alloy. A quasi-equilibrium MPFM was also developed for comparison. Two-dimensional equiaxed microstructural evolution for the Ni (Bal.)-Al-Co-Cr-Mo-Ta-Ti-W-C alloy was performed at various cooling rates. The temperature-γ fraction profiles obtained under 105 K/s using non- and quasi-equilibrium MPFMs were in good agreement with each other. Over 106 K/s, the differences between the non- and quasi-equilibrium methods grew as the cooling rate increased. The non-equilibrium solidification was strengthened over a cooling rate of 106 K/s. Columnar-solidification microstructural evolution was performed at cooling rates of 5 × 105 K/s to 1 × 107 K/s at various temperature gradient values under a constant interface velocity (0.1 m/s). The results show that, as the cooling rate increased, the cell space decreased in both methods, and the non-equilibrium MPFM was verified by comparing with the quasi-equilibrium MPFM. Our results show that the non-equilibrium MPFM showed the ability to simulate the solidification microstructure in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing.
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Segundo-Paredes, Jorge, Marcos Espinola-Sánchez, Claudia Saldaña-Diaz, Joyce Desposorio-Robles, Jacqueline Mejía-Veramendi, Augusto Elmer Racchumí Vela, Pedro Arango-Ochante, and Carlos Gonzales-Medina. "Factores asociados al acceso de métodos de planificación familiar modernos en mujeres en edad fértil inmigrantes venezolanas en Perú. ENPOVE 2018." Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal 9, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33421/inmp.2020188.
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Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia y determinar los factores asociados al acceso de métodos de planificación familiar modernos (MPFM) en mujeres en edad fértil inmigrantes venezolanas en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico de la Encuesta Dirigida a la Población Venezolana que Reside en el País (ENPOVE) 2018. Se calculó la proporción de mujeres en edad fértil inmigrantes venezolanas con acceso a MPFM. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas (RPa) del acceso a MPFM, usando modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados. Se incluyeron 3378 mujeres en edad fértil inmigrantes venezolanas. El 78,45% no tuvo acceso a MMPF. Estar en la etapa de vida joven (RPa:1.07; IC:1.05-1.14), ser casada (RPa:1.09; IC:1.03-1.14), conviviente (RPc:1.11; IC:1.06-1.16), residir en la ciudad de Trujillo (RPa:1.21; IC:1.13-1.29) se asociaron a una mayor probabilidad de acceder de MPFM. Conclusiones. Tres de cada diez mujeres en edad fértil inmigrantes venezolanas en Perú tiene acceso a MPFM. Ser joven, casada, conviviente, y residir en la ciudad de Trujillo incrementa la probabilidad de acceder a MMPF inmigrantes venezolanas en el Perú. Los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva deben estar priorizados a aquellas a ciudades y etapas de vida con mayores barreras en el acceso a MPFM.
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Jiménez, Germán, Natalia López-Cepeda, Andrea Delgado, Ana María Guevara, and Laura Lozano. "Monitoring program for mammals in a protected area of Colombia." Universitas Scientiarum 22, no. 1 (January 8, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc22-1.mpfm.
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<p>Between the second semester of 2009 and the first semester of 2011, camera traps were set up in conserved and disturbed habitats in the Otún Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary. From a sampling effort of 2,066 camera-days, 673 photographs of 157 independent events were obtained for eight species of wild mammals and a domestic one. Their activity patterns were mainly nocturnal even for those species reported as diurnal. The impact of human interference and exotic species was evident for two species: <em>Tapirus pinchaque</em> and <em>Cerdocyon thous</em>. The former was observed below its altitudinal range with activity patterns mainly crepuscular and nocturnal. The second was observed in the same habitats where domestic dogs were found, with activity patterns mainly crepuscular and nocturnal. These findings suggest that both species have altered their activity patterns. Actions must be focused on decreasing the interaction of these mammals with humans and domestic dogs.</p>
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Quiñonez Yepes, Tatiana. "Mejor profesor Facultad de Medicina." Universitas Médica 51, no. 4 (November 2, 2010): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.umed51-4.mpfm.
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Gaszyński, Tomasz, Bartosz Borkowski, Karolina Przybyt-Sibelska, and Krzysztof Chmiela. "A COMPARISON OF MOUTH-TO-MOUTH, MOUTH-TO-POCKET FACE MASK AND BAG VALVE MASK VENTILATION DURING LIFEGUARDS’ CPR: A MANIKIN STUDY." Emergency Medical Service 8, no. 1 (2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202101107.
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Aim: To compare the effectiveness of ventilation of each of three methods: mouth-to-mouth ventilation using a foil face mask with a filter pad, mouth-to-mask technique with a pocket face mask and bag valve mask ventilation using a self-inflating bag and a face mask, performed during CPR by qualified non-medical rescuers. Material and methods: Ventilation effectiveness was assessed on manikin and compared for mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask and bag valve mask ventilation method. 46 qualified non-medical rescuers-lifeguards participated in the study. Tidal Volume of 0,4-0,7L was considered as effective. The length of chest compressions pauses was recorded. The ventilation methods were also evaluated subjectively by participants in the questionnaire. Results: Effectiveness 90,75% vs. 92,38% vs. 69,5%; average number of effective rescue breaths: 7,26 vs. 7,39 vs. 5,65; average length of chest compressions pause: 7,7s vs. 8,1s vs. 9,9s for MTM, MPFM and BMV respectively. MPFM method was considered as the easiest, the second in terms of the difficulty in use was MTM, and BMV was described as the most difficult to use. Conclusions: Artificial ventilation using the pocket mask, in the course of resuscitation performed by one qualified non-medical rescuer, e.g. the water lifeguard, is an effective method ensuring adequate tidal volume and is more effective than mouth-to-mouth method and bag valve mask ventilation.
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Zargar, Masoumeh, Michael L. Johns, Jana M. Aljindan, Mohamed Nabil Noui-Mehidi, and Keelan T. O'Neill. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Multiphase Flowmeters: Current Status and Future Prospects." SPE Production & Operations 36, no. 02 (March 4, 2021): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205351-pa.
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Summary Multiphase flowmetering is a requirement across a range of process industries, particularly those that pertain to oil and gas. Generally, both the composition and individual phase velocities are required; this results in a complex measurement task made more acute by the prevalence of turbulent flow and a variety of flow regimes. In the current review, the main technical options to meet this metrology are outlined and used to provide context for the main focus on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology for multiphase flowmetering. Relevant fundamentals of NMR are detailed as is their exploitation to quantify flow composition and individual phase velocities for multiphase flow. The review then proceeds to detail three NMR multiphase flowmeter (MPFM) apparatus and concludes with a consideration of future challenges and prospects for the technology.
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Yuan, Xi, Yinshun Wang, Yueyin Wang, Yukai Qiao, Changtao Kan, and Wei Pi. "Experiment and numerical analysis on temporal stability of a bitter-like HTS magnet excited by MPFM." AIP Advances 9, no. 9 (September 2019): 095004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112148.
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Kouba, G. E. "A New Look at Measurement Uncertainty of Multiphase Flow Meters." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795010.
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At present, no standard of presenting multiphase flow meter (MPFM) uncertainties has been accepted by industry. Consequently, vendors’ specifications may only indicate velocity and component fraction uncertainties, while customers will typically need to know the overall uncertainty of the hydrocarbon (gas or oil) flow rate. Moreover, comparisons between different meters, meter locations, and metering strategies are difficult without the combined uncertainties of the hydrocarbon measurement. A simple uncertainty analysis (UA) is presented as a means of combining individual measurement uncertainties to determine an overall uncertainty for one of the mixture components, e.g., oil rate. The results are displayed as contour lines of constant oil rate uncertainty on plots of gas fraction versus water cut. Examples illustrate how the uncertainty of oil rate measurement might be reduced by operating the meter at higher pressure, or employing partial separation strategies, and limitations of such strategies.
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Katiyar, Vatsala, Rohit Kumar, Ishaan Vohra, and Adam Rojan. "Comparison of clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in patients with malignant peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.460.
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460 Background: Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) is an aggressive tumor strongly associated with asbestos exposure. We analyzed a large nationwide database to better understand the differences in the demographic and clinical patterns of MPeM and pleural mesothelioma (MPlM). Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) 2010-15 was queried to identify all patients diagnosed with MpeM and MPlM. The demographic and clinical characteristics were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method and associated log-rank test were used to compare the unadjusted overall survival of the two malignant mesothelioma (MM) sites. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was done to determine survival difference between the 2 groups. Results: Of the 8,668 patients included in the study, 1,081 (12.5%) had MPeM and 7,587 (87.5%) had MPlM. The MPeM cohort was younger (median age at diagnosis 61 vs 73 years), predominantly females (45.7% vs 23.5%), had a lower Charlson Deyo Comorbidity Score ( > = 1: 24.5% vs 32.1%), had higher percentage of uninsured patients (4% vs 2.2%), was less likely to be treated at a community or comprehensive community center (36.1% vs 47.3%) and had lower proportion of sarcomatous or biphasic histology (9.3% vs 22.4%) compared to MPlM cohort. The MPeM cohort was more likely to receive surgery (56.5% vs 28%) and chemotherapy (68.4% vs 54.5%) but less likely to receive radiation (0.8% vs 11%). The p-value was < 0.001 for all comparisons. The median OS was 19.7 and 9.7 months for patients with MPeM and MPlM, respectively (log-rank p value < 0.001). On multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, OS was significantly worse for MPlP compared to MPeP [HR adj: 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.30 (p < 0.001)]. Conclusions: There is paucity of data about clinical characteristics and outcomes of MPeM. Much of our current knowledge about MPeM is extrapolated from MPlM. Our study suggests significant differences in prognostic factors and survival outcomes between the two sites.
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Barbariol, Tommaso, Enrico Feltresi, and Gian Antonio Susto. "Self-Diagnosis of Multiphase Flow Meters through Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 3136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123136.
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Measuring systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated in order to tackle the challenges of modern industrial problems. In particular, the Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM) combines different sensors and data fusion techniques to estimate quantities that are difficult to be measured like the water or gas content of a multiphase flow, coming from an oil well. The evaluation of the flow composition is essential for the well productivity prediction and management, and for this reason, the quantification of the meter measurement quality is crucial. While instrument complexity is increasing, demands for confidence levels in the provided measures are becoming increasingly more common. In this work, we propose an Anomaly Detection approach, based on unsupervised Machine Learning algorithms, that enables the metrology system to detect outliers and to provide a statistical level of confidence in the measures. The proposed approach, called AD4MPFM (Anomaly Detection for Multiphase Flow Meters), is designed for embedded implementation and for multivariate time-series data streams. The approach is validated both on real and synthetic data.
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Nazarenko, M. Y., and A. B. Zolotukhin. "FAILURE TO ACHIEVE PLANNED ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION PROJECTS DUE TO LACK OF RISK ASSESSMENT AND UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION." Энергия: экономика, техника, экология, no. 3 (2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s2587739920030118.
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Quantitative assessment of risks and uncertainty has always played the most important role in the evaluation of oil & gas projects. Any estimated, measurable or evaluable magnitude contains an uncertainty, whether it concerns measuring watercut by means of a multiphase flow meter (MPFM) or to the net present value (NPV) of a major E&P project. Evaluation of project economics, e.g. the calculation of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), OPEX and CAPEX shall be probabilistic, i.e. carried out with the quantitative assessment of risks and uncertainty of estimated (predicted) values. Nevertheless probabilistic estimate takes place very rarely. Most commonly, assessment of risks and uncertainty would be intuitive or based on a number of deterministic scenarios mistakenly referred to as pessimistic, optimistic and most probable. This research simulates failure to achieve target economic efficiency of E&P projects with no quantitative assessment of risks and uncertainty, and reviews previous international research conducted to identify the effect of ignoring probabilistic estimates related to the evaluation of E&P projects on their final economic efficiency.
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Nagata, Yusuke, Ryoichi Sawada, Atsuo Takashima, Hirokazu Shoji, Yoshitaka Honma, Satoru Iwasa, Katsushi Amano, et al. "Efficacy and safety of pemetrexed plus cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in advanced malignant peritoneal mesothelioma." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 49, no. 11 (July 9, 2019): 1004–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyz104.
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Abstract Background Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) is a rare cancer for which no standard systemic chemotherapy has been established. While cisplatin plus pemetrexed, the standard treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPlM), is usually used for MPeM, its efficacy remains unclear. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of MPeM patients who had received cisplatin plus pemetrexed as first-line chemotherapy between January 2001 and July 2016 at the National Cancer Center Hospital. Patients received cisplatin 75 mg/m2 and pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 on day1, repeated every 3 weeks until progressive disease, unacceptable toxicities or patient’s refusal to continue. Results A total of 29 MPeM patients received cisplatin plus pemetrexed. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 7.1 months (95% CI: 4.8–9.3) and 15.4 months (95% CI: 9.5–21.2), respectively. Among 16 patients with measurable lesions, the response rate was 38%. Incidences of grade 3/4 leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were 21%, 17%, 14% and 3%, respectively. Non-hematological toxicities were mild, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusions Cisplatin plus pemetrexed, showing consistent efficacy with MPlM, can be recommended as first-line treatment for unresectable MPeM patients.
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Chan, Carmen K. M., Curie Park, King Ming Chan, Daniel C. W. Mak, James K. H. Fang, and Denise M. Mitrano. "Microplastic fibre releases from industrial wastewater effluent: a textile wet-processing mill in China." Environmental Chemistry 18, no. 3 (2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en20143.
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Environmental contextMicroplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment as an indicator of human impacts. The presence of MPFs in industrial wastewater effluents shows that attention should be placed not only on domestic release but also on the upstream processes of textile production. In the context of global MPF release, the ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source. AbstractMicroplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment indicating human impacts on natural systems. The most common release pathway to the environment investigated are domestic textile laundering, transport through and retention in municipal wastewater treatment plants and subsequent application of processed sludge onto agricultural fields as soil amendment. A less-studied but potentially equally relevant source is releases further upstream in the textile production chain such as industrial wastewater effluents from textile processing mills. In this context, industrial wastewater from a typical textile wet-processing mill in China was sampled to estimate MPF release. Effluent was sampled and MPF fibre number and length were quantified by stereomicroscope. An average of 361.6±24.5 MPFs L−1 was identified in the mill effluent. MPF length was highly variable, yet 92% of all fibres were shorter than 1000µm. Additionally, the sampling strategy was used to identify the optimal volume necessary to adequately subsample the effluent. We found that total fibre counts were linearly correlated with sample volumes between 1 and 10L, but a sampling volume of 5L is suggested for good reproducibility, low standard deviation and ease of working volume. The significant abundance of MPFs in the industrial wastewater effluent emphasises that not only should attention be placed on domestic releases, but the production stage of textiles can also be responsible for MPF pollution. The ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source.
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Park, Woojun, Che Ok Jeon, Amy M. Hohnstock-Ashe, Stephen C. Winans, Gerben J. Zylstra, and Eugene L. Madsen. "Identification and Characterization of the Conjugal Transfer Region of the pCg1 plasmid from Naphthalene-Degrading Pseudomonas putida Cg1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3263-3271.2003.
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ABSTRACT Hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism data (K. G. Stuart-Keil, A. M. Hohnstock, K. P. Drees, J. B. Herrick, and E. L. Madsen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:3633-3640, 1998) have shown that pCg1, a naphthalene catabolic plasmid carried by Pseudomonas putida Cg1, is homologous to the archetypal naphthalene catabolic plasmid, pDTG1, in P. putida NCIB 9816-4. Sequencing of the latter plasmid allowed PCR primers to be designed for amplifying and sequencing the conjugal transfer region in pCg1. The mating pair formation (mpf) gene, mpfA encoding the putative precursor of the conjugative pilin subunit from pCg1, was identified along with other trb-like mpf genes. Sequence comparison revealed that the 10 mpf genes in pCg1 and pDTG1 are closely related (61 to 84% identity) in sequence and operon structure to the putative mpf genes of catabolic plasmid pWW0 (TOL plasmid of P. putida) and pM3 (antibiotic resistance plasmid of Pseudomonas. spp). A polar mutation caused by insertional inactivation in mpfA of pCg1 and reverse transcriptase PCR analysis of mRNA showed that this mpf region was involved in conjugation and was transcribed from a promoter located upstream of an open reading frame adjacent to mpfA. lacZ transcriptional fusions revealed that mpf genes of pCg1 were expressed constitutively both in liquid and on solid media. This expression did not respond to host exposure to naphthalene. Conjugation frequency on semisolid media was consistently 10- to 100-fold higher than that in liquid media. Thus, conjugation of pCg1 in P. putida Cg1 was enhanced by expression of genes in the mpf region and by surfaces where conditions fostering stable, high-density cell-to-cell contact are manifest.
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Hasibuan, Ismart Edy, M. Nur Supriatmo, A. Faisal, Gabriel Panggabean, Ridwan M. Daulay, Zakaria Siregar, and Helmi M. Lubis. "Peak expiratory flow rate of primary school children in high and low air pollution level areas." Paediatrica Indonesiana 43, no. 1 (September 24, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi43.1.2003.10-13.
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Background Chronic inhalation of air pollutants may causebronchoconstriction, bronchiolitis, and edema of airway, thus alterlung volume. To measure the lung volume, a simple lung functiontest, the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), can provide a feature oflung volume in liters/minute.Objective The purpose of this study was to measure PEFR val-ues of primary school children in a high air pollution level area(Medan) and compare the results with the PEFR values of those ina low air pollution level area (Tebing Tinggi).Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on primary schoolchildren (10-12 years of age) during May-July 2000 in Medan andTebing Tinggi. Data were obtained by questionnaires. Physical ex-amination included age, sex, height, weight, and PEFR value. PEFRvalues were measured by Mini Wright peak expiratory flow meter(MPFM) from three blows. The highest volume was taken as thePEFR value. Statistical analysis was done by t-test and p<0.05was considered significant.Results There were 212 primary school children eligible for thisstudy; 107 came from the high air pollution level area and 105from the low air pollution level area. The PEFR values did not dif-fer significantly between the two groups (p>0.05)Conclusion PEFR values in a high air population level area werenot statistically different compared with those in low air pollutionlevel area
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Yardy, Lewis, and Amanda Callaghan. "Microplastic and Organic Fibres in Feeding, Growth and Mortality of Gammarus pulex." Environments 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8080074.
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Microplastic fibres (MPFs) are a major source of microplastic pollution, most are released during domestic washing of synthetic clothing. Organic microfibres (OMF) are also released into the environment by the same means, with cotton and wool being the most common in the UK. There is little empirical evidence to demonstrate that plastic fibres are more harmful than organic fibres if ingested by freshwater animals such as Gammarus pulex. Using our method of feeding Gammarus MPFs embedded in algal wafers, we compared the ingestion, feeding behaviour and growth of Gammarus exposed to 70 µm sheep wool, 20 µm cotton, 30 µm acrylic wool, and 50 µm or 100 µm human hair, and 30 µm cat hair at a concentration of 3% fibre by mass. Gammarus would not ingest wafers containing human hair, or sheep wool fibres. Given the choice between control wafers and those contaminated with MPF, cat hair or cotton, Gammarus spent less time feeding on MPF but there was no difference in the time spent feeding on OMFs compared to the control. Given a choice between contaminated wafers, Gammarus preferred the OMF to the MPF. There were no significant differences in growth or mortality among any of the treatments. These results conclude that MPFs are less likely to be ingested by Gammarus if alternative food is available and are not more harmful than OMFs.
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Karakhanov, Eduard, Anton Maximov, Maksim Boronoev, Leonid Kulikov, and Maria Terenina. "Mesoporous organo-inorganic hybrid materials as hydrogenation catalysts." Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 1157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1207.
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AbstractThe paper concerns application of two types of organic materials – porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) with diamond-like structure and the ordered mesoporous phenol-formaldehyde polymers (MPFs) – as supports for metal and metal sulfide nanoparticles. The obtained hybrid materials were tested in hydrogenation of various unsaturated and aromatic compounds. Ruthenium catalyst, based on PAF (Ru-PAF-30), possessed high activity in exhaustive hydrogenation of phenol into cyclohexanol with TOF value of 2700 h−1. Platinum catalyst, based on modified with sulfo-groups MPF (MPF-SO3H-Pt), was selective in semi-hydrogenation of terpenes, [α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, (s)-limonene]. Bimetallic Ni–W sulfide catalysts, prepared by in situ decomposition of [(n-Bu)4N]2Ni(WS4)2 within the pores of MPFs and PAFs, possessed high efficiency in hydrogenation-hydrocracking of naphthalenes as model substrates.
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Tanaka, Miho. "Differential anatomy within the femoral origin of the medial patellofemoral complex: Implications or reconstruction." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (July 1, 2020): 2325967120S0044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00449.
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Objectives: The medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) includes the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) and medial quadriceps tendon femoral ligament (MQTFL). Recent reports have described reconstruction of this fan-shaped ligament to treat patellar instability using a double stranded technique to recreate both components of the complex, with a common origin on the medial femur. Much effort has been placed on accurately identifying the “point” of femoral origin during reconstruction due to the influence of femoral tunnel position on MPFC graft function, however, the MPFC origin is elongated in nature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the shape and orientation of the MPFC origin and identify the difference between the most proximal and distal margins of the elongated femoral footprint. Methods: 20 paired fresh frozen cadaveric knees were dissected. From an intraarticular approach, the MPFC was exposed and followed to its footprint on the medial femur. All other soft tissue was removed from the distal femur, and the footprint of the MPFC, the adductor tubercle and medial epicondyle were marked. Images of the medial femur were analyzed using Image J software. The length and width of the MPFC footprint was described to the nearest 0.1mm, as well as the angle of the long axis of the footprint relative to the axis of the femoral shaft (0.1 degrees). The position of the footprint’s most proximal and distal margins were identified and described in relation to the adductor tubercle and medial epicondyle. The positions for each were compared using paired t tests. Results: 17 knees from 10 cadavers (7M, 3F, mean age 73.1) were included in this study. The MPFC femoral footprint had a length of 11.7mm+/-1.8mm (Range 9.6,15.7) and a width of 1.7mm+/-0.4mm (Range, 0.9, 2.2). The long axis of the footprint was found to lie at an angle 14.6+/-16.6 degrees anterior to the axis of the femoral shaft. The most proximal fibers originated 7.4mm+/-3.8mm anterior and 1.8mm+/-4.7mm distal to the adductor tubercle, and 4.1mm+/-2.6mm posterior and 8.4mm+/-5.6mm proximal to the medial epicondyle. The most distal fibers originated 4.9mm+/-4.2mm anterior and 1.3mm+/-4.3mm and distal to the adductor tubercle, as well as 7.1mm+/-2.4mm posterior and 0.5mm+/-5.6mm distal to the medial epicondyle. Overall, the distal margin of the footprint was 10.9mm+/-1.7mm distal (p<0.001) and 2.6mm+/-3.2mm more posterior (p=0.005) than the proximal margin of the MPFC origin. Conclusions: The femoral footprint of the MPFC is ribbon shaped, with the distal margin being 10.9 mm distal and 2.6 mm posterior to the proximal margin. This differential anatomy of the femoral origin suggest that MPFL and MQTFL reconstruction may require separate placements of the femoral tunnels to anatomically recreate these fibers. Further biomechanical studies are needed to determine the optimal femoral tunnel placement in the setting of double-limbed MPFC reconstruction, as well as the long term benefit of this technique in the treatment of patellar instability.
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Li, Yujie, Bin Xu, Dong Wang, QJ Wang, Xiongwei Zheng, Jiliang Xu, Fen Zhou, Huaping Huang, and Yueping Xu. "Deterministic and probabilistic evaluation of raw and post-processing monthly precipitation forecasts: a case study of China." Journal of Hydroinformatics 23, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 914–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2021.176.
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Abstract Monthly Precipitation Forecasts (MPF) play a critical role in drought monitoring, hydrological forecasting and water resources management. In this study, we applied two advanced Machine Learning Models (MLM) and latest General Circulation Models (GCM) to generate deterministic MPFs with a resolution of 0.5° across China. Then the Bayesian Joint Probability (BJP) modeling approach is employed to calibrate and generate corresponding ensemble MPFs. Raw and post-processing MPFs were put against gridded observations over the period of 1981–2015. The results indicated that: (1) for deterministic evaluation, the forecasting performance of MLMs was more inclined to generate random forecasts around the mean value, while the GCMs could reflect the increasing or decreasing trend of precipitation to some degree; (2) for probabilistic evaluation, the four BJP calibrated ensemble MPFs were unbiased and reliable. Compared to climatology, reliability and sharpness were all significantly improved. However, in terms of overall accuracy metric, the ensemble MPFs generated from MLMs were similar to climatology. In contrast, the ensemble MPFs generated from GCMs achieved better forecasting skill and were not dependent on forecasting regions and months. Moreover, the post-processing method is necessary to achieve not only bias-free but also reliable as well as skillful ensemble MPFs.
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Tshibangu-Mbuebue, Blaise, Roberto Rojas Laguna, Min Won Lee, Jorge Rodríguez-Asomoza, and Ignacio Enrique Zaldívar-Huerta. "Numerical Study of a Reconfigurable Multiband Microwave Photonic Filter Using a Tunable Fabry-Perot Filter." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121473.
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Microwave photonic filters (MPFs) with the capabilities of bandwidth reconfigurability and frequency tunability in the GHz range are of great interest in high-speed communications systems. In this paper, we propose a new reconfigurable multiband microwave photonic filter (MPF) using a tunable Fabry–Perot Filter (FPF). It is demonstrated by numerical simulations that the modification of the intermodal separation (δλ) of a multimode laser diode (MLD) by tunable FPF allows for the reconfigurable multi-passband of the MPF. Our simulation results show that our new filter system is promising to communications systems.
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Istomina, L., G. Heygster, M. Huntemann, H. Marks, C. Melsheimer, E. Zege, A. Malinka, A. Prikhach, and I. Katsev. "Melt pond fraction and spectral sea ice albedo retrieval from MERIS data – Part 2: Case studies and trends of sea ice albedo and melt ponds in the Arctic for years 2002–2011." Cryosphere 9, no. 4 (August 12, 2015): 1567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1567-2015.
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Abstract. The spatial and temporal dynamics of melt ponds and sea ice albedo contain information on the current state and the trend of the climate of the Arctic region. This publication presents a study on melt pond fraction (MPF) and sea ice albedo spatial and temporal dynamics obtained with the Melt Pond Detection (MPD) retrieval scheme for the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) satellite data. This study compares sea ice albedo and MPF to surface air temperature reanalysis data, compares MPF retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and examines albedo and MPF trends. Weekly averages of MPF for 2007 and 2011 showed different MPF dynamics while summer sea ice minimum was similar for both years. The gridded MPF and albedo products compare well to independent reanalysis temperature data and show melt onset when the temperature gets above zero; however MPD shows an offset at low MPFs of about 10 % most probably due to unscreened high clouds. Weekly averaged trends show pronounced dynamics of both, MPF and albedo: a negative MPF trend in the East Siberian Sea and a positive MPF trend around the Queen Elizabeth Islands. The negative MPF trend appears due to a change of the absolute MPF value in its peak, whereas the positive MPF trend is created by the earlier melt onset, with the peak MPF values unchanged. The MPF dynamics in the East Siberian Sea could indicate a temporal change of ice type prevailing in the region, as opposed to the Queen Elizabeth Islands, where MPF dynamics react to an earlier seasonal onset of melt.
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Sun, Wang, Li, and Fan. "The Design and Manufacture of a Multilayer Low-Temperature Protective Composite Fabric Based on Active Heating Materials and Passive Insulating Materials." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 5, 2019): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101616.
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Based on active heating materials (the phase change microcapsules (microPCMs)) and passive insulating materials (SiO2 aerogel), a new-type multilayer low temperature protective composite fabric (MPF) was designed and manufactured to meet the demands of protection and operation in a short time under a low-temperature environment. Results showed that the MPF consisted of three layers including the fabric layer, the microPCM function layer, and the SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation layer. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results demonstrated that the phase transition enthalpy of the composite was 96.2 J/g during the cooling process. The low-temperature resistance and thermal insulation performance at −50 °C were investigated. The results also demonstrated that the low-temperature resistance time of the MPF was 660 s and the power consumption of the MPFs needed to maintain 37 °C for 10 and 20 min were 629 J and 1872 J, respectively. Compared with the microPCM function layer and the thermal insulation layer, which have the same thickness as the MPF, the low-temperature resistance time of the MPF was prolonged for about 2 and 3 min, respectively. The MPF could provide effective protection of the low-temperature work in a short time and could be applied as potential materials in low-temperature protection.
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Tanaka, Yasuhiro. "Estimating Meltwater Drainage Onset Timing and Duration of Landfast Ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago Using AMSR-E Passive Microwave Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12061033.
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Meltwater drainage onset (DO) timing and drainage duration (DD) related to snowmelt-water redistribution are both important for understanding not only the Arctic energy and heat budgets but also the salt/heat balance of the mixed layer in the ocean and sea-ice ecosystem. We present DO and DD as determined from the time series of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth observing system (AMSR-E) melt pond fraction (MPF) estimates in an area with Canadian landfast ice. To address the lack of evaluation on a day-by-day basis for the AMSR-E MPF estimate, we first compared AMSR-E MPF with the daily Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) MPF. The AMSR-E MPF estimate correlates significantly with the MERIS MPF (r = 0.73–0.83). The estimate has a product quality similar to the MERIS MPF only when the albedo is around 0.5–0.7 and a positive bias of up to 10% in areas with an albedo of 0.7–0.9, including melting snow. The DO/DD estimates are determined by using a polynomial regression curve fitted on the time series of the AMSR-E MPF. The DOs/DDs from time series of the AMSR-E and MERIS MPFs are compared, revealing consistency in both DD and DO. The DO timing from 2006 to 2011 is correlated with melt onset timing. To the best of our knowledge, our study provides the first large-scale information on both DO timing and DD.
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Arbab, Sana, Munawar Aziz Khattak, and Syed Amjad Shah. "Frequency of cusp of carabelli in maxillary permanent first molars and its association with dental caries in patients visiting Peshawar Dental Hospital, Peshawar." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 08 (August 1, 2021): 1101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.08.4959.
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Objective: To find out the frequency of cusp of Carabelli and its association with dental caries in maxillary permanent first molars in both male and female patients of Peshawar. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: OPD of Peshawar Dental Hospital, Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 300 patients (125 males and 175 females) were selected through consecutive sampling technique and the number of teeth examined was 600 (two teeth per patient). Age group selected for the patients was from 13 to 30 years. Both the genders having fully erupted maxillary permanent first molars on both sides of the jaw were included in the study and the teeth were examined usin0g mouth mirror while the presence of caries in Carabelli groove was checked with the help of dental explorer (probe). Results: Of the total 300 patients, 118 (39.3%) presented the cusp of Carabelli on maxillary permanent first molars and the number of teeth having the cusp was 192 (32%) out of the total 600 among them. 24.7% of the patients had cusp present on both right and left MPFM while 10.3% of patients had CC present only on right maxillary molars and in 4.3% of patients, it was located on left molars. Gender differentiation of the cusp did not show a statistically significant difference (p-value 0.140). The frequency of caries associated with the cusp of Carabelli groove was found to be 17.7%. Out these patients, 8 males (34.7%) and 15 females (65.2%) were affected. P value for this distribution was 0.651, which shows no statistically significant difference between genders for the presence of caries. Conclusion: The cusp of Carabelli is a common finding on the palatal surface of mesiolingual cusp of maxillary permanent first molars in a hospital-based population of Peshawar with no statistically significant difference between males and females. Caries in cusp of Carabelli groove is a common association with the cusp having no significant difference between genders.
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Qiu, Renhui, Wendi Liu, and Kaichang Li. "Investigation of bamboo pulp fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites." Holzforschung 69, no. 8 (October 1, 2015): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0207.
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Abstract Mechanical pulp fibers (MPFs) and chemical pulp fibers (CPFs) from moso bamboo have been characterized in terms of their length and width distributions, and their reinforcing effects in unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites have also been investigated. CPF-UPE composites had much higher tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus than MPF-UPE composites. CPF-UPE composites also absorbed less water than MPF-UPE composites. Treatments of the fibers with a combination of 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (DIH) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) significantly increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and water resistance of the resulting composites. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that DIH-HEA was bound onto bamboo fibers (BFs) via carbamate linkages. The scanning electron microscopy images of the tensile-fractured surfaces of the composites revealed that the DIH-HEA treatments for BFs greatly improved the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and UPE resins.
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Raghav, Kanwal Pratap Singh, Michael J. Overman, Suyu Liu, Anneleis Willett, Richard Eldon Royal, Anais Malpica, Christopher Scally, et al. "A phase II trial of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with relapsed/refractory and unresectable malignant peritoneal mesothelioma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 9013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.9013.
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9013 Background: Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) is an orphan malignancy. No recommended/FDA approved therapies exist for salvage treatment beyond first-line platinum and pemetrexed based chemotherapy. While immune checkpoint inhibition has shown preliminary efficacy in mesotheliomas, data and efficacy is limited in MPeM patients (pts) [objective response rate (ORR) ~ 11%; median progression-free survival (mPFS) ~ 4 months (m); median overall survival (mOS) ~ 11 m]. We aimed to prospectively assess the safety and efficacy of combined anti-PD1 (atezolizumab) and VEGF (bevacizumab) blockade (AtezoBev) in pts with MPeM. Methods: In this phase 2 study, eligible pts with histologically confirmed MPeM, ECOG PS 0-1, and prior platinum and pemetrexed treatment were treated with 1200 mg of atezolizumab and 15 mg/kg of bevacizumab IV every 21 days until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Primary endpoint was confirmed ORR by RECIST 1.1 by independent radiology review. Duration of response (DOR), PFS and OS were pre-specified secondary endpoints. Results: Among 20 enrolled pts (3/2017 - 2/2019), median age was 63 (range, 33-87) years, 12 (60%) were female, 12 (60%) had PS 0, and 2 (10%) had biphasic MPeM. Among 20 evaluable pts (median cycles 14), confirmed ORR was 35% (7 pts; 95% CI: 15.4-59.2) (median DOR 8.8 m). Responses were ongoing in 5/7 (71.4%) pts at data cutoff. The median follow-up was 20.5 months. Six deaths were observed during follow-up, and the 1-year OS was 79% (95% CI: 52 – 91) (median OS ~ NR). Median PFS was estimated as 17.6 m (95% CI: 9.1 – NR). The 1-year PFS was 54% (95% CI: 28 – 74). Grade 3 (no grade 4/5) treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 10 (50%) pts; most common being hypertension (40%) and anemia (10%). Two (10%) pts had grade 3 immune-related adverse events. Translational studies are ongoing. Conclusions: AtezoBev showed promising and durable efficacy in relapsed/refractory MPeM with acceptable safety profile. Ongoing multiomic analyses of pre and on-treatment tissue/liquid biopsies obtained on all these pts will provide additional insight into mechanisms and biomarkers of response and resistance. Clinical trial information: NCT03074513.
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Surayot, Utoomporn, Sutee Wangtueai, SangGuan You, Subramanian Palanisamy, Warawut Krusong, Charles S. Brennan, Francisco J. Barba, Yuthana Phimolsiripol, and Phisit Seesuriyachan. "Extraction, Structural Characterisation, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Edible Amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential of Functional Food." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090683.
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This research aimed to extract mucilage polysaccharides (MP) from Amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas), and further fractionate them using anion-exchange chromatography, yielding two fractions (MPF1 and MPF2). The crude extract, and fractions mainly consisted of carbohydrates (83.5–93.2%) with minor amounts of proteins (5.40–7.20%), and sulphates (1.40–9.30%). Determination of the monosaccharide composition revealed that glucose was the major unit, followed by galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and arabinose. The average molecular weight (MW) of the crude extract and fractions was in the range 104.0–479.4 × 103 g/mol. Interestingly, the crude extract, and fractions did not cause any toxic effect in RAW264.7 cells. However, they stimulated the RAW264.7 cells to release nitric oxide and cytokines through the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways via cell surface TLR4. Structural analysis of the most immunestimulating extract fraction, MPF2, revealed that the main backbone consisted of α-D-(1→6)-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that the MPs derived from A. hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas) are potent in enhancing immunity; hence, they can be used as a functional ingredient in food products.
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Fabrice, Kamdem Kaigom, Tchuenteu Tatchum Lucien, Maimouna Abba, and Megueni Clautilde. "The Combination of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with Rock Powder and Poultry Litter: An Appropriate Natural Fertiliser for Improving the Productivity of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 66, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0010.
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AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of various natural fertilisers on growth and seed yield of the soybean plants. Field experimentations were carried out during two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019). A randomized complete block experimental design with 11 treatments (F1: 30 g of poultry litter, F2: 60 g of poultry litter, MP: 10 g of mycorrhizae + 10 g of vivianite powder, MF1: 10 g of mycorrhizae + 30 g of poultry litter, MF2: 10 g of mycorrhizae + 60 g of poultry litter, PF1: 10 g of vivianite powder + 30 g of poultry litter, PF2: 10 g of vivianite powder + 60 g of poultry litter, MPF1: 10 g of mycorhizae + 10 g of vivianite powder + 30 g of poultry litter, MPF2: 10 g of mycorrhizae + 10 g of vivianite powder + 60 g of poultry litter, T+: chemical fertiliser, T–: unfertilised plants) and three replications were used. The growth parameters and seed yield were evaluated. The results showed that the growth and seed yield of soybean varied depending on the fertiliser and the cropping season. Plants that have received the MPF2 treatment exhibited significantly (p ˂ 0.05) the highest values of the studied parameters (plants height, foliar production, plants dry biomass, seed yield). The MPF2 treatment increased the seed yield of soybean by 20.08% and 184.76% compared to T+ and T– treatments, respectively. The supply of the following combination, 10 g of mycorrhizae + 10 g of vivianite powder + 60 g of poultry litter was found to be very promising in improving the soybean plant growth and therefore, can be used as an alternative to replacing the mineral fertilisers usually employed for the cultivation of this crop.
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Agung, B., T. Otoi, D. Fuchimoto, S. Senbon, A. Onishi, and T. Nagai. "286 EFFECTS OF PORCINE FOLLICULAR FLUID DURING IN VITRO MATURATION OF OOCYTES ON IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab286.
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When used as a solo maturation medium for oocytes, porcine follicular fluid (pFF) promoted male pronucleus formation (MPF) of oocytes after in vitro maturation (IVM), using a static system, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in pigs (Naito et al. 1988 Gamete Res. 21, 289–295). However, the developmental competence of oocytes matured in pFF after IVM/IVF has not been reported. This study was conducted to assess the ability of pFF as a maturation medium to support IVM/IVF of porcine oocytes and their subsequent in vitro development. pFF, including cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs), was aspirated from follicles (2–5 mm in diameter) of prepubertal crossbred gilt ovaries, and large clusters of follicular cells (FC) were removed from pFF by filtration through 212 �m of mesh. All of the COCs in filtered pFF were collected, and COCs with compact cumulus cells were selected for IVM. Also, small clusters of FC were collected by centrifugation of the filtered pFF, and pFF without any cells was prepared by centrifugation and used as a maturation medium (MpFF) after supplementation with FSH and antibiotics. COCs were transferred to 3.5 mL (in a 15-mL test tube) of MpFF with FC (5.2 � 106 cells mL-1) and cultured for 44–48 h at 38.5�C in 5% O2 and 5% CO2 using the rotating culture system. As a control group, COCs were cultured in 2 mL of MpFF without FC in a 35-mm Petri dish by the standard static culture system. After maturation, culture oocytes were co-incubated (IVF) for 5 h with frozen–thawed sperm in vitro, as reported previously (Kikuchi et al. 2002 Biol. Reprod. 66, 1033–1041), and then some of them were fixed 10 h after IVF to assess the fertilization status; the rest of them were cultured in PZM (Yoshioka et al. 2002 Biol. Reprod. 60, 112–119) for 7 days to assess their early embryonic development. All of the data were analyzed by ANOVA. Oocytes cultured with FC in the rotating system (R group) showed significantly higher sperm penetration (71.0%), MPF formation (70.5%), and normal fertilization (monospermic fertilization with female and male pronuclei; 31.5%) rates than those in the control group (56.0%, 56.9%, and 17.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). Also, the R group showed significantly higher rates of 8-cell embryos at 2 days after IVF and blastocyst formation at 7 days after IVF than those of the control group (17.2% vs. 8.3% and 10.9% vs. 4.5%, respectively; P < 0.05). These results indicate that porcine oocytes matured in pFF supplemented with FC using the rotating system have the ability to be penetrated by sperm and form MPF, and to develop to the blastocyst stage at higher rates, than oocytes cultured in the standard static maturation culture system. In conclusion, the pFF can be a sole and simple maturation culture medium useful for the in vitro production of blastocysts in pigs.
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Fousse, Laurent, Guillaume Hanrot, Vincent Lefèvre, Patrick Pélissier, and Paul Zimmermann. "MPFR." ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 33, no. 2 (June 2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1236463.1236468.
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Reagan, Jeffrey, Raj Kullar, and Robert Burks. "MPFL Reconstruction." Orthopedic Clinics of North America 46, no. 1 (January 2015): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2014.09.012.
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Maffulli, N. "MPFL reconstruction." British Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): e2-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.081570.6.
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LeGrand, Alexander B., Patrick E. Greis, Ryan E. Dobbs, and Robert T. Burks. "MPFL Reconstruction." Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 15, no. 2 (June 2007): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jsa.0b013e31803bb513.
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Reagan, Jeffrey, Raj Kullar, and Robert Burks. "MPFL Reconstruction." Clinics in Sports Medicine 33, no. 3 (July 2014): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2014.03.006.
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Zhao, J., Y. Tian, J. S. Zhang, M. Zhao, P. Gong, S. Riss, R. Saedler, and C. He. "The euAP1 Protein MPF3 Represses MPF2 to Specify Floral Calyx Identity and Displays Crucial Roles in Chinese Lantern Development in Physalis." Plant Cell 25, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 2002–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.111757.
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Chapman, Lynne O., Michael J. Overman, Anneleis Willett, Mark Knafl, Szu-Chin Fu, Anais Malpica, Christopher Scally, et al. "Comprehensive genomic profiling of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) reveals key genomic alterations (GAs) distinct from malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 8557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.8557.
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8557 Background: MPeM is a rare and aggressive cancer with very limited treatment options. Lack of dedicated research has impeded improvements in outcomes. Defining prevalent GAs is a critical unmet need for use of targeted therapies in these patients. Although MPeM is notably distinct from MPM vis-à-vis epidemiologic and clinical attributes, the genomic underpinings of these differences have yet to be established. We aimed at describing a comprehensive genomic profile (CGP) of MPeM in comparison to MPM. Methods: We performed a retrospective comparative analysis between 89 patients with MPeM and 241 patients with MPM (N = 330) who underwent CGP using CLIA certified next-generation sequencing assays. The cohort was generated using mesothelioma patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center (N = 223) and supplemented by additional mesothelioma patients (N = 107) from a publicly available database from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the MSK-IMPACT database. Essential clinicopathological variables were collected. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison. Kaplan-meier method and log rank tests were used for overall survival (OS) estimates. Results: MPeM cohort (vs. MPM) had more women (54% vs. 31%, P < 0.001) and younger age at diagnosis (56 vs. 69 years, P < 0.001). Histology was epithelioid, biphasic and sarcomatoid in 86%, 7% and 7% cases, a distribution similar to MPM cohort. At least 1 GA was found in 64 (72% vs. 82% in MPM, P = 0.044) of MPeM patients with a median of 1 (range 1 – 12) (vs. a median of 2, range 1 – 24, P < 0.001) GA per patient. A significantly lower proportion of MPeM patients had ≥ 3 mutations (14% vs. 26%, OR 2.1, P = 0.028) per patient. The most frequent mutations were present in the following genes: TP53 (24%), BAP1 (16%), NF2 (15%), MET (9%) and TRAF7, KIT and PIK3CA (each 6%). MPeM patients harbored more mutations in MET (9% vs. < 1%, P < 0.001) and TRAF7 (6% vs. < 1%, P = 0.02) but fewer mutations in BAP1 (16% vs. 32%, P = 0.003) and CDKN2B (0% vs. 5%, P = 0.041). The most common copy number variations (CNVs: amplifications or deletions) were seen in BAP1, MCL1, SETD2, WT1 (each 2%) and AURKA (1%) genes. Among genes with CNVs, MPeM had a lower rate of deletions in CDKN2A (1% vs. 6%, P = 0.040). Among more common GAs, only BAP1 mutations appeared to be associated with poor OS (45.7 vs. 127.1 months, HR 2.5, 95%CI: 0.6 – 10.1, P = 0.050) in patients with MPeM. Conclusions: In this large cohort with CGP, we identified potential molecular drivers in MPeM and demonstrated key genomic differences between MPeM and MPM. MPeM is frequently driven by GAs involved in cell cycle control, a potentially targetable pathway. Despite this insight from CGP, a large subset of patients do not have actionable GAs and for these patients, further collaborative trans-“omic” research efforts are needed to advance potential therapeutic options.
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Gauthier, Maxime, Aurélien Katz, Antoine Maison, Cristian V. Cojocaru, and Fabrice Bernier. "Effect of hardening heat treatment on the mechanical properties of a 17-4PH stainless steel foam." MRS Advances 3, no. 62 (2018): 3655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.614.
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AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study on the impact of a precipitation hardening treatment on the mechanical properties of 17-4PH stainless steel open-cell foams produced using a powder-metallurgy-based process patented by the National Research Council Canada (NRC). Pre-alloyed powder was used to manufacture stainless steel (SS) foams with either medium or high porosity by changing the nature of the organic binder used to process the porous materials. Some of these were kept in the as-sintered state, while others were submitted to the H900 precipitation hardening treatment frequently prescribed for 17-4PH stainless steels.Metallurgical and physical characterization was carried out on the resulting materials, along with mechanical testing at the micro (indentation testing) and macro (compressive testing) scales. It was found that the Medium-Porosity Foams (MPF) and High-Porosity Foams (HPF) had very different morphologies, the HPFs having a delicate porous structure featuring thin sintered walls with many openings (a.k.a. windows) between the main cells, while the MPFs exhibited much thicker walls with few windows connecting the larger pores. As expected from these foam morphologies, the mechanical properties of MPFs were much higher than those of the more porous and delicate HPF materials. For both foam types, the average mechanical properties were improved by the H900 treatment. A comparison with compressive properties of 17-4PH foams taken from the literature resulted in reasonable agreement. However, the large scatter observed on the average compressive properties of the NRC foams and the slightly different structure/composition of the literature materials mean that any comparison between these porous alloys must be interpreted with caution.
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Lu, Jiang Rong, Yu Feng Wang, Pu Xuan Yan, and Fei Xue Han. "Effects of MPBM on Crosslinking Density and Mechanical Properties of Tetrafluoroethylene-Propylene Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.897.
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The composites of tetrafluoroethylene-propylene copolymer (TFE-P copolymer)/N, N'-metaphenylene-bis-maleimide (MPBM)/DCP were prepared by mill. The effects of MPBM on the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of TFE-P copolymer were investigated by equilibrium swelling method, MDR rheometer and electric tensile testing machine. The results show that MPBM can efficiently increase the crosslinking density of TFE-P copolymer cured with peroxide. There is a linear relationship between MPBM and the crosslinking density while MPBM is less than 5 phr.; due to the resinification and reinforcing effect of micro-zone of MPBM resin, the crosslinking degree and the modulus of the composite increase faster while MPBM is used more than 5 phr. Perfect network and mechanical properties could be obtained by regulating the amount of MPBM in peroxide curing system.
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Fang, Wen Bo, and Yi Bing Xue. "Transport Property Analysis of a Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Suspension with Material Properties." Advanced Materials Research 738 (August 2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.738.7.
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The transport properties of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) suspension are helpful for selection of components in the MPCM suspension transport system. The properties of MPCM sample are investigated theoretically. Transport property of MPCM suspension, especially pressure drop in pipe system, has been identified by theoretical analysis. The experimental researches in transport capability and power consumption of MPCM suspension are investigated as well.
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Fukuyama, Kouji, Toshiki Hasegawa, and Motohiro Okada. "Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter and Aripiprazole Compensate NMDA Antagonist-Induced Dysfunction of Thalamocortical L-Glutamatergic Transmission." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 3645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113645.
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To explore pathophysiology of schizophrenia, this study analyzed the regulation mechanisms that are associated with cystine/glutamate antiporter (Sxc), group-II (II-mGluR), and group-III (III-mGluR) metabotropic glutamate-receptors in thalamo-cortical glutamatergic transmission of MK801-induced model using dual-probe microdialysis. L-glutamate release in medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC) was increased by systemic- and local mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MDTN) administrations of MK801, but was unaffected by local administration into mPFC. Perfusion into mPFC of activators of Sxc, II-mGluR, and III-mGluR, and into the MDTN of activators of Sxc, II-mGluR, and GABAA receptor inhibited MK801-evoked L-glutamate release in mPFC. Perfusion of aripiprazole (APZ) into MDTN and mPFC also inhibited systemic MK801-evoked L-glutamate release in mPFC. Inhibition of II-mGluR in mPFC and MDTN blocked inhibitory effects of Sxc-activator and APZ on MK801-evoked L-glutamate release; however, their inhibitory effects were blocked by the inhibition of III-mGluR in mPFC but not in MDTN. These results indicate that reduced activation of the glutamate/NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in MDTN enhanced L-glutamate release in mPFC possibly through GABAergic disinhibition in MDTN. Furthermore, MDTN-mPFC glutamatergic transmission receives inhibitory regulation of Sxc/II-mGluR/III-mGluR functional complex in mPFC and Sxc/II-mGluR complex in MDTN. Established antipsychotic, APZ inhibits MK801-evoked L-glutamate release through the activation of Sxc/mGluRs functional complexes in both MDTN and mPFC.
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Mistry, Jaydev, Kevin Bonner, Chukwuweike Gwam, Melbin Thomas, Jennifer Etcheson, and Ronald Delanois. "Management of Injuries to the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament: A Review." Journal of Knee Surgery 31, no. 05 (July 18, 2017): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604142.
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AbstractThe medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is thought to be the most important medial structure providing restraint to lateral subluxation of the patella. After an initial patellar dislocation, the MPFL is frequently injured and can usually be treated with conservative measures. However, these patients often suffer from recurrent dislocations, which thereby necessitate operative intervention. In the setting of normal anatomy and kinematics, isolated reconstruction of the MPFL is an effective treatment for preventing recurrent dislocations. Various surgical techniques have been described, with differences in fixation and graft selection. The treatment of MPFL injuries should aim to provide patellar stabilization and restore normal kinematics throughout the joint. This review will discuss the following: (1) anatomy of the MPFL, (2) presentation and assessment of MPFL injuries, (3) management of patients with MPFL injuries, and (4) complications following MPFL reconstruction.
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Shea, Kevin G., W. Duncan Martinson, Peter C. Cannamela, Connor G. Richmond, Peter D. Fabricant, Allen F. Anderson, John D. Polousky, and Theodore J. Ganley. "Variation in the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Origin in the Skeletally Immature Knee: An Anatomic Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517738002.
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Background: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is frequently reconstructed to treat recurrent patellar instability. The femoral origin of the MPFL is well described in adults but not in the skeletally immature knee. Purpose: To identify a radiographic landmark for the femoral MPFL attachment in the skeletally immature knee and study its relationship to the distal femoral physis. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirty-six cadaveric specimens between 2 and 11 years old were dissected and examined (29 male and 7 female). Metallic markers were placed at the proximal and distal borders of the MPFL femoral origin footprint. Computed tomography scans with 0.625-mm slices in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes were used to measure the maximum ossified height and ossified depth. The measurements were used to describe the position of the midpoint MPFL attachment with respect to the posterior-anterior and distal-proximal dimensions of the femoral condyle on the sagittal view and to describe the distance from the physis to the femoral origin of the MPFL. Results: In 23 of 36 specimens, the femoral origin of the MPFL was distal to the physis. Thirteen of the 36 specimens had an MPFL origin at or proximal to the physis, with a more proximal MPFL origin consistently seen in older specimens. The distance of the MPFL origin to the physis ranged from 15.1 mm distal to the physis to 8.3 mm proximal to the physis. The mean midpoint of the MPFL femoral origin was located 3.0 ± 5.5 mm distal to the physis for all specimens. For specimens aged <7 years, the mean MPFL origin was 4.7 mm distal to the physis, and for specimens aged ≥7 years, the mean MPFL origin was 0.8 mm proximal to the femoral physis. The MPFL origin was more proximal and anterior for those aged ≥7 years and more distal and posterior for those aged <7 years. Conclusion: Surgical reconstruction of the MPFL is a common treatment to restore patellar stability. There appears to be significant variability in the origin of the MPFL in skeletally immature specimens. This study demonstrated that the MPFL origin was more proximal and anterior with respect to the physis in the older age group. The MPFL origin footprint may be customized for different age groups. Clinical Relevance: This information shows anatomic variation of the MPFL origin with age, with older specimens having a footprint that was more proximal and anterior than younger specimens. Customization of the surgical technique might be considered based on patient age.
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Ishikawa, Akinori, and Shoji Nakamura. "Ventral Hippocampal Neurons Project Axons Simultaneously to the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala in the Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 4 (October 2006): 2134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00069.2006.
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The ventral hippocampus (VH) may have an important role in spatial memory processes and emotional behaviors through connections with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala. Although the mPFC and amygdala receive afferent projections from the VH, it has not been determined whether the individual VH neurons project to both the mPFC and the amygdala. In this study, antidromic responses to the mPFC and amygdala stimulation were evoked in single VH neurons. In addition, VH neurons were retrogradely double-labeled with fluorescent tracers injected in the mPFC and amygdala. VH neurons projecting to both the mPFC and amygdala were predominantly located in the subiculum and CA1 and bifurcated near or at the soma. Our anatomical and electrophysiological evidence for the presence of VH neurons projecting to both the mPFC and amygdala provides a previously unrecognized pathway from the hippocampus that simultaneously activates the mPFC and amygdala.
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Almey, Anne, Elizabeth Cannell, Kyla Bertram, Edward Filardo, Teresa A. Milner, and Wayne G. Brake. "Medial Prefrontal Cortical Estradiol Rapidly Alters Memory System Bias in Female Rats: Ultrastructural Analysis Reveals Membrane-Associated Estrogen Receptors as Potential Mediators." Endocrinology 155, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 4422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1463.
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Abstract High plasma levels of estradiol (E2) are associated with use of a place memory system over a response memory system. We examined whether infusing estradiol into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or anterior cingulate cortex (AC) could affect memory system bias in female rats. We also examined the ultrastructural distribution of estrogen receptor (ER)-α, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in the mPFC of female rats as a mechanism for the behavioral effects of E2 in the mPFC. Each rat was infused bilaterally with either E2 (0.13 μg) or vehicle into the mPFC or AC. The majority of E2 mPFC rats used place memory. In contrast, the majority of mPFC vehicle rats and AC E2 or vehicle rats used response memory. These data show that mPFC E2 rapidly biases females to use place memory. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 are localized in the mPFC, almost exclusively at extranuclear sites. This is the first time that GPER1 has been localized to the mPFC of rats and the first time that ERα and ERβ have been described at extranuclear sites in the rat mPFC. The majority of receptors were observed on axons and axon terminals, suggesting that estrogens alter presynaptic transmission in the mPFC. This provides a mechanism via which ERs could rapidly alter transmission in the mPFC to alter PFC-dependent behaviors, such as memory system bias. The discrete nature of immunolabeling for these membrane-associated ERs may explain the discrepancy in previous light microscopy studies.
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Oddone, Enrico, Jordy Bollon, Consuelo Rubina Nava, Giada Minelli, Marcello Imbriani, Dario Consonni, Alessandro Marinaccio, Corrado Magnani, and Francesco Barone-Adesi. "Forecast of Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Mortality in Italy up to 2040." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010160.
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Despite their differences, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma are frequently lumped together to describe epidemic curves and to forecast future mesothelioma trends. This study aims to describe the malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) epidemic in Italy (1996–2016) and to forecast future trends up to 2040 in order to contribute to the assessment of MPeM future burden. All MPeM deaths in Italy from 1996–2016 were collected (as provided by the Italian National Statistical Institute (ISTAT)) in order to estimate MPeM mortality rates for each 3-year period from 1996 to 2016. Poisson age-period-cohort (APC) models were then used to forecast MPeM future trends. Between 2017 and 2040, 1333 MPeM deaths are expected. The number of MPeM deaths, as well as mortality rates, are expected to constantly decrease throughout the considered period. Based on considering the information from this study, it can be concluded that the MPeM epidemic has probably already reached its peak in Italy.
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Kluczynski, Melissa A., Luis Miranda, and John M. Marzo. "Prevalence and Site of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Injuries in Patients With Acute Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 232596712096733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120967338.
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Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injuries are common in patients with acute lateral patellar dislocations, but the pattern of MPFL injuries is unclear, especially with respect to patient age. Purpose: The primary aim was to determine the prevalence of MPFL injuries according to the site of injury in patients with acute lateral patellar dislocations. The secondary aim was to compare the site of MPFL injuries in patients aged ≤16 versus >16 years. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed with PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL to identify articles published from January 1, 1999, to May 31, 2019, that examined the site of MPFL injuries in patients with acute patellar dislocations. The study design, sample size, age at injury, technique used for diagnosing MPFL injuries (magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and/or surgery), and prevalence and site of MPFL injuries were extracted from each study. The pooled estimate of the proportion of MPFL injuries at each site was calculated (femur, patella, midsubstance, and combined sites of injury) as well as proportions stratified by age group (≤16 and >16 years). Results: The literature search yielded 420 unique articles, of which 52 were screened for eligibility; of these, 17 were excluded. Thus, a total of 35 articles (2558 patients) were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of MPFL injuries was 94.7% (95% CI, 91.2%-96.8%). Most MPFL injuries occurred at the patella (37.1% [95% CI, 30.8%-43.9%]), followed by the femur (36.8% [95% CI, 31.0%-43.0%]), combined sites (25.1% [95% CI, 20.7%-30.1%]), and the midsubstance (15.6% [95% CI, 13.2%-18.4%]). In patients aged ≤16 years, most MPFL injuries occurred at the patella (39.3% [95% CI, 27.9%-51.9%]), and in patients aged >16 years, most MPFL injuries occurred at the femur (47.2% [95% CI, 40.6%-54.0%]). Conclusion: The prevalence of MPFL injuries in patients with acute patellar dislocations varied by site of injury and by age. MPFL injuries at the patella were most prevalent overall and in children and adolescents, and MPFL injuries at the femur were more prevalent in adults.
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Vasso, Michele, Katia Corona, Giuseppe Toro, Marco Rossini, and Alfredo Schiavone Panni. "Anatomic Double-Bundle Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction with Autologous Semitendinosus: Aperture Fixation Both at the Femur and the Patella." Joints 05, no. 04 (October 4, 2017): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607192.
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AbstractMedial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) represents the main restraint against lateral patellar displacement. The MPFL insertion at the patella is up to 30 mm wide and is located along the upper half of the medial patellar rim. The femoral insertion of the MPFL is approximately 10 mm distal to the apex of the adductor tubercle and 16 mm proximal to the medial epicondyle. Since most of the patients suffer from MPFL rupture just after the first patellar dislocation, MPFL reconstruction results necessarily in all cases of chronic objective patellar instability to reestablish the primary passive patellofemoral stabilizer. Over time, different techniques of MPFL reconstruction have been proposed with promising results in terms of patient satisfaction and redislocation rate. However, each of these techniques may present peculiar problems and/or complications. An anatomic double-bundle MPFL reconstruction through an aperture fixation both at the femur and at the patella is here presented. The anatomic double-bundle MPFL reconstruction could allow recreating the fan-shape and biomechanics of original MPFL, whereas aperture fixation could provide a strong and safe fixation without risk of loosening or slackening of the graft.
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Rustad, Audrey, Nicolas G. Anchustegui, Stockton Troyer, Cooper Shea, Aleksei Dingel, Theodore J. Ganley, and Kevin Shea. "QUADRICEP TENDON TURNDOWNS FOR MPFL RECONSTRUCTION: AN ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ORIGINS OF THE QUADRICEP TENDON AND MPFL ON THE PATELLA." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2019): 2325967119S0009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00097.
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Background: Quadriceps tendon (QT) turndowns are an alternative method for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, with several distinct advantages: 1. Avoids the use of patella bone tunnels, which have been associated with patella fracture, 2. Avoids the use of separate incision for hamstring tendon harvest, and 3. Avoids the use of allograft tissue, which adds a significant cost. The disadvantage of the Quad Tendon graft is that the most distal reflection point on the patella may not duplicate the patella origin of the native MPFL. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a QT graft for MPFL reconstruction is anatomically analogous to the native MPFL origin in a skeletally immature population. Methods: Three skeletally immature cadaveric knee specimens (ages 10 and 11, 11) were dissected to reveal the MPFL and QT origins on the patella. The proximal and distal extent of the MPFL was marked on the medial border of the patella. The medial aspect of the quad tendon was reflected as far as possible in both a medial and distal position on the patella, to function as the MPFL graft. The distance was measured between the midpoint of the patellar origin of the MPFL in the coronal plane, and the most distal aspect of the patellar origin of the reflected quad tendon. Results: In the 10, 11, and 11 year-old specimens, the distance between the midpoint of MPFL patellar origin and the QT patellar origin was 3.4 cm, 4.3, and 3.7 mm. In all cases, the QT reflected origin was at least 7 mm anterior to the to native MPFL origin on the medial border of the patella. Conclusion: A disparity exists between the patellar origin of the MPFL and the patellar origin of the quad tendon, with the patellar origin of the MPFL being more medial, more distal, and more posterior than the reflected patellar origin of the QT graft. Surgeons performing MPFL reconstructions may find this anatomically valuable as they attempt to duplicate the normal anatomy of the patella stabilizers during surgical reconstruction. While the QT remains a good graft choice for MPFL reconstruction, attachment of the QT graft at the native origin of the MPFL may better reproduce the anatomy of the MPFL. Figures: [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
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Sherman, Seth L., Derek W. Geeslin, Daniel W. Hogan, John W. Welsh, Joseph M. Rund, John R. Worley, Ma Richard, and Aaron Gray. "Comparison of MPFL Repair Versus MPFL Reconstruction for Refractory Patella Instability in Patients Under 18 Years Old." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00189.
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Background: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary soft-tissue restraint against lateral patellar displacement. Surgery to address MPFL incompetence is the current gold standard for recurrent patellofemoral instability. In the young patient, controversy remains regarding the role of MPFL repair in the setting of recurrent patella instability. Hypothesis/Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate subjective outcomes and complication profile of consecutive cohorts under age 18 undergoing MPFL repair or MPFL reconstruction. Our hypothesis was that the MPFL reconstruction group would have higher subjective outcome scores and a lower complication profile. Methods: Following IRB approval, a retrospective review of prospectively collected data identified a consecutive cohort of patients undergoing soft tissue stabilization for recurrent patella instability. Surgery was performed by a single sports fellowship trained surgeon between 2011-2019. MPFL repair was performed on patients prior to November 2015 and MPFL reconstruction with allograft from December 2015 to present. Patients undergoing concomitant bony realignment procedures were included. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) were collected including PROMIS, KOOS, IKDC, Marx, Tegner, and SANE scores. Complications requiring re-operation (i.e., infection, stiffness, recurrent instability) were recorded. Results were analyzed statistically. Results: The cohort was comprised of 43 patients (53 knees), with 15 males (34.9%), and 28 females (65.1%). The MPFL-Repair cohort had 22 patients (24 knees) and the MPFL-Reconstruction had 25 patients (29 knees). The average age of the MPFL-Repair cohort was 14.82 (range 10.5-17.8) and the average age of the MPFL-Reconstruction group was 15.59 (13.0-17.7). At final follow-up (minimum 6 months), there were no statistically significant differences between cohorts for KOOS Pain (p=0.4126), KOOS symptoms (p=0.7990), KOOS ADL (p=0.4398), KOOS Sport Rec (p=0.3357), KOOS QOL (p=0.8707), Global Physical Health (p=0.9736), Global Mental Health (p=0.1724), Physical Function (p=0.8077), Pain Interference (p=0.9740), Mobility T-Score (p=0.0634), Marx activity score (p=0.0844), Tegner Score (p=0.0752), IKDC (p=0.2646), and SANE score (p=0.0811). Regarding complications requiring re-operation, there was 1 knee in the MPFL-Reconstruction group (3.4%) that required further surgery (1 for fracture) and 9 knees in the MPFL-Iso cohort (37.5%) that required re-operation (1 for fracture, 8 for recurrent instability). The difference in complication rate was statistically significant (p=0.0012). Conclusion: In patients under 18 years old undergoing surgery for refractory patella instability, both MPFL allograft reconstruction and MPFL primary repair demonstrated no difference in subjective outcome scores at midterm follow-up. MPFL primary repair had significantly increased rate of complication requiring re-operation, particularly recurrent patella instability requiring revision to MPFL reconstruction. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]
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Swensen, Stephanie Joelle, Joseph Nguyen, William A. Marmor, Simone Gruber, and Beth E. Shubin Stein. "Return To Sport Following Stabilization Surgery For Recurrent Patellar Instability In Patients Undergoing Isolated Mpfll Reconstruction Vs. Combined Mpfl Reconstruction And Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 3_suppl2 (March 1, 2020): 2325967120S0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00128.
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Objectives: Acute patellar instability is a common and disabling injury among young athletes and the risk of recurrence is as high as 80% in certain populations. The essential lesion of lateral patellar dislocations is MPFL rupture. However, bony risk factors for dislocation have also been identified, including patella alta, trochlear dysplasia, and a lateralized tibial tubercle. Significant debate exists regarding the optimal treatment due to the multifactorial nature of the pathology. Isolated MPFL reconstructions have demonstrated good functional outcomes within the literature. Failure to address bony malalignment has been proposed as a source of failure for these procedures. The addition of realignment techniques, such as tibial tubercle distalizations and medializations has been recommended to improve patellar stability in select patients. There is a paucity of literature on redislocation rates, return to sport, and functional outcomes after patellofemoral stabilization surgery. The purpose of the current study is to compare redislocation rates, return to sport, and functional outcomes between patients undergoing isolated MPFL reconstruction versus patients who have undergone MPFL and TTO as treatment for recurrent patellofemoral instability. It is hypothesized that patients who have undergone isolated MPFL reconstructions will have improved outcomes and return to sport rates compared to combined MPFL reconstruction and TTO. Methods: A retrospective chart review of prospectively collected data from 2014-2017 was conducted to identify consecutive athletes who underwent primary isolated MPFL reconstruction or MPFL reconstruction combined with TTO. Exclusion criteria included concomitant cruciate ligament surgery, multi-ligament surgery, and failed previous surgery. Patient information, including redislocation rate, radiographic data, sporting level, return to sport, previous dislocation rates, and subsequent surgeries were recorded. Generalized estimating equation modeling was used to analyze longitudinal outcome scores (Kujala, IKDC), activity level (HSS, Ped-FABS), and health-related quality of life (KOOS-PS, KOOS-QOL) collected at baseline, 1-year, and 2-year postoperatively. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study (71 MPFL; 29 MPFL+TTO). Redislocation rates were low for both MPFL and MPFL+TTO groups (1/70 and 1/28, respectively). No differences were found in reported incidence of post-op dislocation or subluxation (P=0.498 and 191, respectively). Both groups reported a high rate of RTS with MPFL at 87% and TTO at 89% (P>0.999). However, the ability to return to the same or higher level of RTS was significantly higher in MPFL patients (85%) versus TTO (57%) (P=0.009). And for those patients who were able to RTS, the time to RTS was significantly lower in MPFL patients (8.9 months) compared to TTO patients (13.5 months) (P<0.001). Both study groups had significant improvement over time in all functional outcome scores. Patients in the MPFL+TTO group consistently reported with worse functional scores at baseline. Conclusion: Patients undergoing MPFL reconstruction with or without correction of bony malalignment reported significant improvement over time with high return to sport rates and low recurrent dislocation rates. However, patients undergoing MPFL+TTO reported lower scores compared to MPFL patients at baseline and 2-years follow-up.